^f iwucauons Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation f\ http://www.archive.org/details/n11sessionalpaper38canauoft SESSIONAL PAPERS VOLUME 11 FOURTH SESSION OF THE NINTH PARLIAMENT OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA SESSION 1904 VOLUME XXXVIII ^sny .). io«S$^' 19 918 0 4 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1904 ^See also Numerical List, page 5. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE SESSIONAL PAPERS OF THE PARLIAMENT OF CANADA FOURTH SESSION, NINTH PARLIAMENT, lit04. A Adulteration of Food 14 Agricultural Implements 54 Agriculture, Annual Report 15 Alaska Boundarj^ Award 46, 4(x( Aluminum Imports 109 Anglo- American Telegraph Co 73, 73« Archives, Canadian Athabaska Landing, Petroleum at Atlantic Coast Fisheries Auditor General, Annual Report B 18 118 97 1 Banks, Chartered <» Banks, LTnpaid Balances in 7 Binder Twine 128, 128* Bonds and Securities 47 Boyd, Mr 81 British Canadian Loan and Investment Co 48 British Columbia Industrial Disputes 36« Britton, Justice 142 Bronte Harbour 80 Canada Eastern Railway 141 Canadian Contingents to South Africa. . . 139 Canadian Goods in L^. S. Vessels ((2 Canadian Northern Railway 74, 133 Canadian Pacific Railway : Business with Interior Department .... 53 Lands sold by 56 Canadian School of Musketry 138 Cattle-guards 98 Chartered Banks 6 Cheese-cooling Roonis 95 to 956 Chicken-fattening in P. E. I 136 Civil Service : Aiipointments and Promotions 58 Examiners .... 31 Insurance.. . . 41 List 30 Superannuations 38 1 C Coal or other Fuel Sui)i)ly 108 Cold Storage (;5, (^'m Commissioner .of Lights <)ij Conference at Washington 125 Cotton ImjX)rts g4 Criminal Statistics 17 Crude Petroleum . us » Dairy Products 143 Davis, Michael P i^y Delegates to Europe gg Dividends unpaid m Banks 7 Dominion Lands .51 52 Dominion Police 45 Doukhobor Reserve (JQ Drj' Docks on Pacific Coast 86 Dugas, Blaise 5)4 Dundonald, Earl of 113^ 113^1 E East Richelieu Valley Railway 70 Electric Light, Inspection of 13 Estimates B to txl Evanturel, Lieut. -Col . . , So, Sba Exchequer Court .59 Experimental Farms ]6 F Fair Wages 140, 140a Fire Insurance Premiums HO Fisheries, Annual Report 22 Fish-trap Licenses 144 . Floods by Richelieu River 77 Fort William, Telephones for !l!) France, Steamers to y^'I a Gallagher, L. L 72 Garrison Common, Toronto 96 (ias. Inspection of i;i 4 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1904 Gauss, Steamshij) 146 Geographic Board 21« Geological Survej- Reix)rt 26 Goodrick, Heniy 116 Government Telegraph Service 19a Governor General's Warrants 40 Grand Trinik Pacific Railwaj'. . . .37, 37«, 100, 102, 117, 124 Gregory, R. W., Lieut. -Col 130, 13r( H Half-breed Scrip 67 to 67rf Hampton Station, X. B 82 Harbour Commissioners 23 Hope Island 61, 61a Huntingdon Post Office 81 Ice-breakers . .• 147 Immigration Agents -. . . . 64 to 646 Indian Act Indian, Affairs, Annual Report. Industrial Disputes in B. C Inland Revenue, Annual Report Insuiance, Abstract Insurance, Annual Report Interior, Annual Report Irena Post Office IroQuois Indians 55 27 36a 12 9 8 25 101 105 Jackson, J. B 107, 107a Judge Winchester 102 Justice, Annual Report 34 Labour, Department of, Annual Report.. 36 Le Malou, Steamer 132 Library of Parliament, Annual Report. . 33 Lobster Fi.sheries 97, 123 M Mabou Creamery 134 Mails to United Kingdom 89 Major General, Earl of Dundonald 113, 113a Manchester Liners ... 75 Marine and p-isheries ; Chief Engineer . . 90 Marine, Annual Rejxjrt 21 Maritime Provinces, Steamships foi- 76 Matane, Postmaster at 119 Measures, Inspection of. . . . 13 Militi;i and Defence, Annual ReiX)rt 35 Militia. 9th Regiment of 112 Montreal Fire Insurance 110 Montreal Turnpike Trust 83, 115 Mounted Police 28 JMutual Reserve Life Association 69 N Xappan Dairy Station ~ 135 Nash, E. A 93 National Transcontinental Rail\vaj\ . 37, 37a, 100 102, 117. 124 New Brunswick Appeal Case. 127 Ninth Regiment of Militia 112 North- West Irrigation 50 North-West Mounted Police 28 O Ossekeag, N. B 82 Ottawa Improvement Commission 42 Ouellet, Major 85, 85a Over-rulings of Treasury Board 39 P Pacific Cable 106 P.E.I., Chicken-fattening in 136 P.E.I., Deep-Sea Fisheries 137 P,E.I., Lobster Industry 123 P.E.L, Railway 104 to 1046 P.E.I., Telegraph Service ... 73, 73a Penitentiaries, Annual Rejjort as to 34 Petroleum at Athabaska Landing 118 Police, Dominion 45 Police, North-west Mounted 28 Port Arthur, Telephone for 99 Postmaster General, Annual Report. ... 24 Privy Council Api^eal Cases 127 Protocol of Washington Conference 125 Public Accounts, Annual Report 2 Public and Other Works 63 Public Printing and Stationery 32 Puli)lic Works, Annual Report 19 Q Quarantine Matters 121 Quebec Central Railway 114 R Railway Cattle-guards 98 Railways and Canals, Annual Report.. . . 20 Representation in House of Commons. . . . 127 Richelieu River Floods 77 Ross Rifle Factory Co 91 S Saskatchewan River 78 Savard, P. V 87(^)87(2) Secretarj' of State, Annual Rejwrt 29 Shareholders in Chartered Banks 6 Sheep, Shipment of, U.S 120 Shipping, List of 216 South Africa Contingents 139 South Shore Railway 70 St. Alphonse Wharf 145 Steamer Le Malou 132 2 4 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1904 s Steamship G'auss 14(5 Steamship Service to France 122 Subsid J' for Steamsliips 70 T Telegrajih Service, Government 19a Thermograplie Records 65, 65« Timber Limits 66, 66« Timber on Hope Island 61, 61a Toronto Garrison Common ... !)6 Toronto Island and Harbour 79 Ti'ade and Commerce, Annual Report.. . . 10 Trade and Navigation, Annual Rejiort. . . 11 Trade Unions 103 Transatlantic Steamship Companiss 71 Treadgold Syndicate 126 Treasury Board Over-rulings ...... 30 Trent Valley Canal 49. 49 / Unclaimed Balances in Banks 7 Unforeseen Expenses 43 United Counties Railway 70 Vancouver Engineering Works s(i Vegetables and Fruits from U.S 92 Ventilation of Railway Cars OS Ventilation of Ships 65, 65« Vessels, List of 21'/ w Walkerton Mail Service .57 Warrants, Governor General's 40 Weighing Daily Products 143 Weights, Measures, etc 13 Winchester, Judge 102 Winnipeg and Hudson's Bay Railway. . . 133 \ Yukon : — Liquor Permits ... Ill Justice Britton and Commissioners .... 142 Ordinances 44 Rescinding Treadgold Privileges 12(i Yukon Territory Act 13i n 4 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 See al^^o .A-lpliabetical Index, page 1. LIST OF SESSIONAL PAPERS ArroMged in Numerical Order, with their titles at full length ; the Dates when Ordered and when presented to the Houses of Parliament ; the Kame oj the Senator or Member who moved for each Sessional Paper, and ivhether it is ordered to be Printed or Not Printed. CONTENTS OF VOLUME B. Census of Canada, 19Ul. Second Volume Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1. (This volume is bound in two parts. ) 1. Keport of the Auditor General, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1903. Presented 22nd March, 190 by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2. 2. Public Accounts of Canada, for the fiscal year ended 30th .Tune, 1903. Presented 10th ^larch, 1904 by Hon. W. S. Fielding ... Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 3t E.stimates for the .sums required for the services of Canada, for the year ended 30th .June, 1905. Pre- sented 16th March, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. .Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 4. Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1904. Presented 22nd April, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribidion and sessioiuil paper . 5. Further Sui)plementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1904. Presented 30th May, 1904, b Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5ff. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th .June, 1904. Presented 28th June, 1904 by Hon. \V. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers 5b. Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1905, Presented 25th July, 1904, by Hon W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5c. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th .June, 1904. Presented 3rd August, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5d. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th .June, 1905. Presented 3rd August, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution ami sessional papers. 6. List of Shareholders in the Chartered Banks of Canada, as on .31st December, 1903. Presented 17th .N[ay, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 3. 7. Report of dividends remaining unpaid, unclaimed balances and unpaid drafts and bills of exchange in Chartered Banks of Canada, for five j-ears and upwards, prior to December 31, 1903. Presented 26th May, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 8. Report of the Superintendent of Insurance, for the year ended 31st December, 1903. Printed for both distribidion and sessional papers. 9. Abstract of Statements of Insurance Companies in Canada, for the year ended 31st December, 1903. Presented 13th April, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5 4 Edw. VII List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 COI^TENTS OF VOLUME 4. 10. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce, for the fiscal j'ear ended 30th June, 1903. Pre- sented 16th March, 1904, by Hon. J. Sutherland. .Printed for both distribution and sessional papers . CONTENTS OF VOLUME 5. 11. Table.s of the Trade and Navigation of Canada, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1903. Presented 16th March, 1904, by Hon. W. Paterson . . Printed for both distribution aiul sessional papers . CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6. . 12. Inland Revenues of Canada. Excise, etc., for the fiscal year ended-.30th .June, 1903. Presented 10th March, 1904, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur Printed for both distribution and sessiotud papers. 13. Inspection of Weights, Measures, Gas and Electric Light, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1903. Presented 16th March, 1904, by Hen. L. . , Er;deur. Printed for both distribxUion and sessional papers . 14. Report on Adultei;ation of Food, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1903. Presented 7th April, 1904, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur Printed for both distribution and sessional jKipiers . 15. Report of the Minister of Agriculture, for the year ended 31st October, 1903. Presented 22nd March, 1904, by Hon. \V. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers . 16. Report of the Director and Officers of the Experimental Farms, for the year 1903. Presented 27th May, 1904, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 7. 17. Criminal Statistics for the year ended 30th .September, 1903. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 18. Report on Canadian Archives, 1903 Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 19. Report of the Minister of Public Works, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1903. Presented 16th March, 1904, by Hon. J. Sutherland Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 19a. Special Report of the Government Telegraph Service, compiled by the Department of Public Works. Presented 16th June, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 8. 20. Annual Report of the Department of Railways and Canals, for the fiscal year ended 30th .June, 1903. Presented 12th April, 1904, by Hon. H. R. Emmerson. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 21. Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries (Marine), for the fiscal year ended 30th .June, 1903. Presented 24th March, 1904, by Hon. J. R. Prefontaine. Printed for both distribution aiul sessional papers. 2Ia. Fourth Annual Report of the Geographic Board of Canada, 1903. Printed for both distribiUion and sessiotud piapers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9. 21 'a List of Shipping issued by the Department of Marine and Fisheries, being a List of Vessels on the registry books of Canada, on the 31st December, 1903. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 22. Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries (Fisheries), for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1903. Presentetl 6th April, 1904, by Hon. J. R. Prefontaine. Printed for both distribution aiul sessional papers. 23. Report of the Harbour Commissioners, etc., 1903 . . . Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 6 4 Edw. Vir. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 10. 24. Report of the Postmaster General, for the year ended 30th June, 1903. Presented 16th March, l'J04, by Sir William Mulock Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. "25. Annual Report of the Department of the Interior, for the fiscal year, ended 30th Jime, 1903. Pre- sented 16th March, 1904, by Hon. C. Sifton Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 11. 26. Summary Report of the Geological Survey Department for the calendar year 1903. Presented 5th July, 1904, by Sir Richard Cartwright Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 27. Annual Report of the Department of Indian Affairs, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1903. Pre- sented 8th Jul}', 1904, by Hon. C. Sifton Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 28. Report of the Xorth-West Mounted Police, 1903. Presented 18th April, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 12. 29. Report of the Secretary of State of Canada, for the year ended 31st December. 1903. Presented 16th March. 1904, by Hon. J. Sutherland Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 30. Civil Service List of Canada, 1903. Presented 16th March, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 3 1 . Report of the Board of Civil Service Examiners, for the year ended 31st December, 1903. Presen tt d 28th April, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printeel for both distribution and sessional papers. 32. Annual Report of the Department of Public Printing and Stationer}', for the year ended 30th June, 1903. Presented 28th April, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 33. Report of the Joint Librarians of Parliament for the year 1903. Presented 11th March, 1904, by the Hon. The Speaker Printed for sessional papers. 34r. Report of the Minister of .Justice as to Penitentiaries of Canada, for the year ended 30th .June, 1903, Presented 11th April, 1904, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick Printed for both distribidion and sessioncd papers. 35. Report of the Department of Militia and Defence of Canada, for the year ended 31st December, 1903. Presented 10th May, 1904, by Sir Frederick Borden. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 13. 36. Report of the Department of Labour, for the year ended 30th June, 1903. Presented 16th ^larch, 1904, by Sir William Mulock. Printed for both elistribution and sessional papers. 36«. Evidence taken before the Royal Commission to inquire into Industrial Disputes in the province of British Columbia. Presented ISth July, 1904, by Sir William Mulock. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 37. An agreement made between His Majesty the King and the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company, dated Mai-ch 8th, 1904, h varying in some respects the provisions of the agreement between His Majesty and Sir Charles Rivers Wilson and others representing the said company, a copy of which forms the Schedule to the Act, 3 Edward VII, chapter 71. Presented 11th March, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 37rt. Proposed alterations to contract re Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company, and correspondence in connection therewith. Presented 28th March, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribtUion and sessiotial papers. 38. Statement of superapnuations and retiring allowancss in the civil service during the year ended 31st December, 1903, showing name, rank, salary, service, allowance and cause of retirement of each person superannuated or retired, and also whether vacancy filled by promotiori or by new appoint- ment, and salary of any new appointee. Presented 16th March, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 7 4 Edw. YIL List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U^Continued. 39. Return of over-rulingf< by the treasuij- board of the auditor general's decisions between the com mencement of tlie session of 1903 and that of 1904. Presented 16th March, 19(J4, bj' Hon. W. S. Fielding.. ^. Not printed. 40. Statement of (iovernor (xeneral's Warrants issued since the last session of parliament, on account of the fiscal year 1!)03-1!>04. Presented Kith March, 1904. by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 4 1 . Statement in pursuance of section 17 of the Civil Service Insurance Act, for the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1903. Presented 16th March, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 42. Statement of receipts and expenditures of the Ottawa Improvement Commission, for tlie fiscal year ended 30th Jime, 1903. Presented 16th March, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 43. Return showing the expenditure on account of unforeseen expen.ses from the. 1st -Tuly, 1903, to the 10th March, 1904. Presented 16th March, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding ..Not imntcd. 44. Ordinances ef the Yukon Territory, passed by the Yukon Council in the year 1903. Presented 17th ^larch, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 45. Re])urt of the Commissioner, Dominion Police Force, for the year 1903. Prssented 17th March, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 46. The Award of the Alaska Boundary Tribunal. Presented 22nd March, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for sessional papers. Note. — This is included in 46«. 46«. Correspondence respecting the Alaska boundary, together witli the award of the Alaska Boundary Tridunal. Presented 8th July, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessiorud papers. 47. Detailed statement of all bonds and securities registered in the Department of the Secretary of State of Canada, since last Return, 24th March, 1903, submitted to the parliament of Canada under section 23, chapter 19 of the Revised Statutes of Canada. Presented 23rd March, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 48. Statement of the affairs of the British Canadian Loan and Investment Company, as on 31st Decem- ber, 1902. Presented 21st March, 1904, by the Hon. The Speaker Not printed. 49. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, for a copy of the Report of ^Ir. McLeod, C.E,, upon the continuation of the Trent Valley Canal between Rice Lake and Lake Ontario. Presented 28th March, 1904. — Mr. Plain Printed for sessional jMpcrs . 49a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1904, for copies of all engineers' re])orts with plans and profiles, and other particulars, showing the sui-veys for the southern section of the Trent Valley Canal, between Rice Lake and Lake Ontario, by the two routes, via Trenton and Port Hope ; and the comparative cost by each route. Piesented 2nd May, 1904. — Mr. Plain. .Not printed. 50. Return of oi-ders in council which have been published in the Canada Gazette between 1st January and 31st December, 1903, in accordance with the provisions of section 52 of the North-west Irrigation Act, chapter 35 of 61 Victoria. Presented 30th March, 1904, by Hon. C. Sifton Not printed. 51. Return of orders in council which have been published in the Catuida Gazette and in the Pritisk Columbia Gazette, between 1st January and 3lst December, 1903, in accoi-dance with tlie provisions of subsection (d) of section 38 of the regulations for the survey, administration, disposal and manage- ment of Dominion lands within the 40-mile railway belt in the province of British Columbia. Pre- sented 30th March, 1904, by Hon. 2. Sifton , Not jyrinted. 52. Return of orders in council which have been publi.shed in the Canada Gazette between 1st January and 31st December, 1903, in accordance with the provisions of clause 91 of the Dominion Lands Act, chapter 54 of the Revised Statutes of Canada, and its amendments. Presented 30th March, 1904, by Hon. C. Sifton Not printed. 53. Return (in so far as the Department of the Interior is concerned) of copies of all orders in council, plans, papers and correspondence which are required to be presented to the House of Commons, under a resolution passed on 20th February, 1882, since the date of the last return under such resolu- tion. Presented 30th March, 1904, by Hon. C. Sifton Not printed. 54. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1904, showing amount of rebates of duties paid on agricultural implements from June 30th, 1901, to June 30th, 1903, to each firm ext)orting such machinery for the respective years. Presented 11th April, 1904. — Mr. Roche (Marquette) Not printed. 8 4 Edw. VII, List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 CONTEITTS OF VOLUME IS— Conlinued. 55. Return showing renjissions of interest made under section 141, as added to the Indian Act by section 8, chapter 35, 58-59 Victoria, for the year gnded 30th June, 1903. Presented 11th April, 1901, by Hon. C. Sif ton N'ot printed. 56. Return of all lands sold bv the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, from the 1st of October, 1902, to the 1st October, 1903. Presented 11th April, 1904, by Hon. C. Sif ton Not printe'L 57. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1904, for copies cf all correspondence since January 1st, 1904, between the postmaster general and the mayor of the town of Walkerton, relating to the irregularity of the mail service to the Town of Walkerton. Presented 11th April, 190i.— Mr. Donnelly A'oi printed. 58. Return of the names and salaries of all persons appointed to or promoted in the several department of the civil service, during the calendar year 19u3. Presented 13th April, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding JV'ot printed. 59. Orders of the Exchequer Court, under provisions of section 55 of 50-51 Victoria, as amended by 52 Victoria, chapter 8. Presented 13th April, 1904, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick Not printed. 60. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1904, for copies of all correspondence, petitions and papers, between any settlers in township 27, ranges 31 and 32, and township 28, ranges 31 and 32, and any department of the government, in reference to adding of those townships to the Doukhobor reserve. Presented 14th April, 1904.— Mr. Roche (Marquette) Not printed. 6 1 . Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, for copies of all correspondence in connection with the cutting of any timber on Hope Island, in the Georgian Bay, by any person or persons during the years 1903-4. Presented 14th April, 1904.— ilfr. Bennett Not printed. 61a. Supplementary return to 61. Presented 28th April, 1904 Not printed. 62. Copy of order in council. respecting shipment of Canadian goods in Untied States vessels via St. Michaels, with regulations and instructions issued in 1898 and subsequent years, and also corre- spondence respecting the issue of orders and instructions for^the season of 1904. Presented 19tli April, 1904, by Hon. W. Paterson Printed for sessional papers. 63. Extract from a report of the committee of the honourable the privy council, approved by the governor general on the 11th March, 1904, respecting the management and control of public and other works (.3. Edward VII. , c. 53), provides for the transfer by the governor in' council of the management, charge and direction of any public works, or any power, duty or function with respect to any work or class of works, whether public or private, which is assigned to or vested by statute in any minister cr department, to any other minister or department. Presented 20th April, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for sessional papers. 64. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, showing the names and num- ber of the off cials in the employ of government in Canada in connectitm with immigration ; the salaries of each ; the amount of money spent in Canada in connection with immigration ; the total expenditure in connection with immigration, for the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1903 ; the expendi- ture for advertising ; and the amount of expenditure on buildings, with names of places. Presented 20th April, 1904.— A/r. Wilson Printed for scssiotial papers. 64c(. Return to an oi-der of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, showing the names and num- ber of all the immigration agents employed on commission by the Dominion government in Great Britain and Ireland, and in Europe, specifying the countries ; also the United States. Also how much commission is paid for eacii immigrant to each agent ; how many immigrants have been sent to Canada by each agent ; how much money has been paid to each agent as commission ; and how nmch has been allowed to each agent for expenses from 30th June, 1902, to 1st January, 1904. Pre- sented 20th April, 1904.— il/r. Wilson Printed for sessional papers. 646. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, showing the names and num- ber of all immigration agents employed on salary by the Dominion government from the 30th June, 1902, to 1st January, 1904, in Great Britain and Ireland, the United States of America and Europe ; the salary paid to each agent, the amount allowed for expenses to each. Also the number of immi- grants sent to Canada by each of the said agents. Presented 22nd April, 1904. — Mr. Wilson. Printed for sessional papers^ 2 9 4 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 CONTENTS OF VOLUME IS—Cojitinucd. 65. Return to an Order of the House of Coniinons, dated 17th March, 1904, for copies of all thermograph lecords of temperature taken on board Atlantic, steamships since .January 1st, 1903, stating: — 1. Name of steamship. 2. Date when thermograph was put in chamber. 3. Date when steamer left the port. 4. Whether chamber was («) cold storage ; (6) cool air ; (c) mechanicallj' ventilated ; (d) ordinarj' or whether the record was taken on deck, or other place where the natural temperature of the air would be registered, unexjwsed to the sun's rays. 5. Where practicable, in what part of the chamber the thermograph was placed. Presented 20th April, 1904. — Mr. Stidtk (Wcntworth). Not printed. 65«. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, for copies of all correspond- ence to date between the department of agriculture and the steamship companies, in regard to mechanical ventilation of ships' holds. Pre.^iented 22nd April, \90i.—Mr. Smith (Wentworth). Not printed. 66. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1904, showing :— 1. The number of timber limits, and where located, that have been disposed of by the government since March 1.5, 1902, in the province of ^Manitoba and the North-west Territories. 2. The names of the purchasers in each case, and the price paid for each limit. 3. Copies of tender for each limit, and the names of the newsjiapers in which the advertisements appeared. Presented 22nd April, 1904. — ]!Hr. Roche {Marquette) Not printed. 66a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, showing the number of timber limits granted in Manitoba and the North-west Territories, between the years 1878 and 1896, inclusive; and the mileage covered by said limits, together with the amount of money i>er mile received by the government for said timber limits. Also the number of limits that have been granted since the present gbvernment came into power, and the amount received per mile for the same. Presented 22nd April, 1904. — Mr. McCreary Not printed. 67. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, for copies of all petitions, memorials and correspondence respecting the half-breed allotment of scrip in Manitoba and the Territories up to date. Also copies of all reports and orders in council in connection therewith. Presented 22nd April, 1904.— Mr. LaRiviere Not printed. 67a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1904, of all petitions, letters and other correspondence between the half-breeds of the Saskatchewan district and the Dominion government, relating in any way to the grievances of the said half-breeds, for the years 1883, 1884 and 1885. Also all correspondence between the Dominion government and their officials and others in the district of Saskatchewan, previous to the rebellion of 188.5, relating in any way to the griev- ances of the said half-breeds. Presented 31st ^lay, 1904.— Afr. McCrearii Not printed. •676. Supplementary return to 67. Presented 31st May, 1904 Not printed. 67c. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1904, of all letters, petitions and correspondence between D. H. McDowel, Esq., M.P., and the government, relating to the payment of rebellion claims and the issue of half-breed scrip in the Saskatchewan district. Presented lOtb June, 1904.— Mr. McCreary Not Printed. 67rf. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1904, showing : 1. The number of allotments of 240 acres of land made to half-breeds in Manitoba, and the total acreage covered by the same, 2. The number of scrip to half-breed children in Manitoba, and the total face value of the same. 3. The number of scrip to heads of half-breed families in Manitoba, and the total face value of the same. 4. The number of scrip to original white settlers in Manitoba, and the total face value of the same. 5. The number of scri]j issued in commutation of hay ])rivileges in Manitoba, and the total face value of the same. 6. Scrip and land warrants issued for military services. 7. Scrip issued to the North-we.st Mounted Police. 8. Scrip issued to colonization companies ; names of companies, and the face value of such scrip. 9. All other scrip issued by the department of interior ; to whom, for what i^urpose ; and respective face value of the same. 10. Number of each cash and land scrip issued to the North-west half-breeds. 11. Number and face value of all the above-described scrip outstanding on the 31st December, 1903. Presented 13th July, 1904. — Mr. LaRiviere Not Printed. 10 4 Edw. Vir. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 CONTENTS OF VOLUME IS—Covtinved. 68. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1904, for copies of all correspond- ence and agreements to date, between the government of Canada and any railway companies, in re- gard to ventilation of railway cars. Presented 22nd Ajiril, 1904. — Mr. Smith (Wcntworth). Not Printed. 69. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 14th April," 1904, showing for the years 1891 to 1904, both inclusive, in detail, drawn off under separate headings : 1. Income in Canada. 2. Expenditure or disbursements in Canada, in detail. 3. Premium note account in Canada, in detail. 4. Miscellan- eous in Canada, in detail. 5. Exhibit of policies in Canada, in detail. 6. Details of termination in Canada, in detail. 7. General business statement for years 1891 to 1904, both inclusive. A. Income in detail. B. Disbursements, in detail. C. Ledger assets, in detail. D. Xon-ledger assets, in de- tail. E. Liabilities, in detail. F. Exhibits of policies. These to be drawn on under different headings as to the detail of each statement, and additions to be made, as far as it applies, to figures for the years named. Company — Mutual Reserve Life Association, formerly known as the Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association. Also for the last return made by this company to the insurance department at Ottawa in the year 1904. Presented (Senate) 21st April, 1904. — Hon. Mr. Domville. Not Printed. 70. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1904, for copies of all correspond- ence had with the government of Canada resi>ecting the amalgamation of the South Shore, United Counties, and East Richelieu Valley Railways, or any of them ; of any orders in coifncil relating to the said amalgamation, and of all correspondence referring to the appointment of a receiver to the South Shore Railway Company. Presented 25th April, 1904.— -AJn Monk Not Printed. 71. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, for copies of all agreements made since January the ^rst, 1903, between the government of Canada and any transalantic steam- ship companies reeeiving a bonus or subsidy from the government of Carfada. Presented 2Gth April, VdQA.— Mr. Smith (Wentivorth) ' Not Printed. 72. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th ISIarch, 1904, for copies of all correspondence, petitions and other documents in possession of the government, with reference to the charges against and the dismissal of L. L. Gallagher, postmaster at Wilton, in the liding of Lennox, in the pro- vince of Ontario. Presented 29th April, 1904. — Mr. Wilson Not printed. 73. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 6th October, 1903, for all communications between the government of Canada, or any member thereof, and the Anglo-American Telegraph Company, any otlier telegraph company, the Pro\incial Government of Prince Edward Island, any Board of Trade in Prince Edward Island or anj' other province, and any representative of Prince Edward Island in the House of Commons, respecting the improvement of the telegraph service between Prince Edward Island and tha mainland of the Dominion. Presented (Senate) 27th April, 1904. — Hon. Mr. Ferguson . . '. .Not printed. 73a. Supplementary return to an address cf the Senate, dated 6th October, 1903, for all communications, between the government of Canada, or any member thereof, and the Anglo American Telegi-ajjli Company, any other telegraph company, the Provincial Government of Prince Edward Island, any Board of Trade in Prince Edward Island, or anj' other province, and any representative of Prince Edward Island in the House of Commons, respecting the improvement of the telegi-aph service be- tween Prince Edward Island and the mainland of the Dommion ; and also a copy of any contract existing between the Prince Edward Island Railway and the Anglo-American Telegraph Company, regarding the use of the lines and offices of the said railway for telegraphic purposes. Presented (Senate) 31st May, 1904. — Hon. Mr. Ferguson Not printed. 74. Copy of an Indenture made the 29th day of July, 1903 ; between the Canadian Northern Railway Company and His Majesty the King, represented by the Honourable the Minister of Finance and Receiver General of Canada. Presented 2nd May, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 75. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1904, for a copy of the contract between the government of Canada and the Manchester liners, in force during the season of 1903. Presented 2nd May, 1904. — Mr. Lancaster Not printed. 76. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1904, for copies of all petitions, memorials, letters and other correspondence, between the Maritime Board of Trade, the Char- lottetown Board of Trade, the Alberton and West Prince Board ofTrade, and the Goverment, with regard to a subsidy for a line of steamships to ply between Chatham, New Brunswick : Alberto and New London, on the north shore of Prince Edward Island ; Sydney, Nova Scotia; the Mag- dalen Lslands, and St. Johns, Newfoundland. Presented 2nd Mav. 1904.— Mr. Hackett .Not printed. 11 4 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 CONTENTS CF VOLUME U^Continued. 77. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, for copies of all correspondence, petitions, claims, and other documents, in the possession of the government, relating to the damages sustained by the fanners of the counties of St. John and Iberville and Missisquoi, by the floods in Richelieu River. Presented 3rd May, 1904. — Mr. Demers (St. John and Iberville) Not prirUcd. 78. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, showing the amount of monej' expended by the Dominion government on improving the navigation on the Saskatchewan River.in the North-west Territories Presented 3rd May, 1904.— 3fr. McCreary Not printed. 79. Return to an order of the House of Conimons, dated 17th March, 1904, for cofnes of all correspon- dence since the first ofjMarch, 1903, including, reports, letters, telegrams, etc.^between the government of Canada and any of its officers, or engnieers, or other persons, respecting the damage being done to the island at Toronto by the waters of Lake Ontario ; also copies of any orders or instructions which have been issued respecting the works necessary or to be undertaken for the protection of the said island, and the preservation of Toronto harbour. Presented 3rd May, 1904.— M/-. Oder. Not printed. 80. Return to an order of of the House of Commons, dated 23rd March, 1904, showing the names of all persons employed on the Bronte harbour improvements, in connection with the construction or repair of the pier, during the year ending 30th June, 1901, as foreman, timekeeper, labourers, or workmen of any kind. Also the several amounts paid as wages to each of such persons. And a similar return giving the like information for each of the years ending 30th June, 1902 and 1903 ; and for the six months ending January 1st, 1904, respectively. Presented 3rd May, 1904. — Mr. Henderson. Not printed. 81. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1904, for copies of all letters, tele- grams, correspondence, petitions, memorials, documents and papers, relating to the recent appoint- ment of Mr. Boyd to be postmaster at the village of Huntingdon, in the province of Quebec ; or relating to the filling of the vacancy occasioned by the death of the late postmaster. Presented 3rd May, 1904. — Mr. Borden (Halifax) Not printed. 82. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1904, for copies of all documents,. memorials, petitions, reports and correspondence, in relation to the removal of the post office at Ossekeag, or Hampton Station, in King's County, N. B., from the railway station to the store of R. H. Smith. Presented 3rd May, 1904.— Afr. Hughes (Victoria) Not printed. 83. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1904, showing the present indebted- ness of the Montieal Turnpike Trust to the Dominion government ; and the sums received by the latter, as interest on bonds of said trust since 1895. Presented 3rd May, 1904. — Mr. Monk. Not printed. 84. Return to an order of the House (jf Commons, dated 25th April, ] 904, showing : 1. The quantity and value of raw cotton imported into Canada during each of the past six years ; also exports of same, if any, during same term. 2. From what countries it was imported, and the amount and value from each country. 3. The quantity and qualitj' of manufactured cotton imported into Canada during each of the past six years. 4. From wtiat countries it was imported, and the amount in value from each country. 5. The quantity and value of manufactured cotton exported from Canada during each of the past six years. 6. To what countries it was exported. Presented 4th May, 1904. — Mr. Thompson (Haldimand and Monck) Not printed . 85. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th March, 1904, for : 1. Copies of the investi- gation held in February last, in Quebec, by the special tribunal appointed to inquire into the com- plaint laid by Lt. -Colonel Evanturel, commander of the 9th regiment of the active inilitia, against Major Ouellet, of the said regiment. 2. Of the recommendation of the commandant of the 7th mili- tary district, to the effect that the said Lt. -Colonel Evanturel be continued for a second term in the command of the said 9th regiment. 3. Of all correspondence relating to the said second prolongation of the said Lt.-Colonel Evanturel's term of command or relating to the said investigation. Pre.sented 4th May, VMA.—Mr. Casgrain Not printed. 85«. Supplementary return to No. 85. Presented 15th June. 1904 Not printed. 86. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 28th Marcli, 1904, for copies of all letters, tele- grams, conmiunications in writing and correspondence, between the government, or any department of the government, or any minister, deputy ministers, officers or other persons acting for the govern- ment, and the Vancouver Engineering Works, Limited, or any official or other person acting for the 12 4 Edw. YII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 CONTENTS OF VOLUME IS— Continued. said company, respecting the enlargement of dry dock facilities on the Pacific coast. 2. All letters, telegrams, communications in writing, and correspondence between the government, or any depart- ment of the government, especially the department of public works, and the department of marine and fisheries, and N. Thompson & Company, or any member of that firm, I). G. McDonell, F. Bur- nett, R. Kelly, R. G. McPherson, and C. G. Johnson, or either of them, respecting the enlargement of dry dock facilities on the Pacific coast. 3. All letters, telegrams, communications in writing, and correspondence between the government, or any department of the government, or any officer acting or purporting to act for the government, and any persons whomsoever, respecting the enlargement of the dry dock facilities on the Pacific coast, or the establishment of a dry dock, or dry docks, on that coast. 4. All orders in council and other documents whatsoever resi)ecting the matters; afore- said, or any of them. Presented 4th May, 1004. — 3Ir. Haggart Not printed. 57. (1). Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1904, for copies of all rejxjrts, opinion, letters, and correspondence, written, sent, given or transmitted to the government, or any department or any minister, by P. V. Savard, Esq., from the date of his appointment, 14th May, 1803, (See Hansard, unrevised, 1904, page 235) to the 10th March, 1904, in relation to the investiga- tion held or made by the said P. V. Savard, Esq., into the question as to how the local government of Quebec acquired the Mingan Seigniory, and what title to the property existed in the province prior to its conveyance to the Labrador Company (See Hansard, 1904, unrevised, page 230). Pre- sented 5th ^lay, 1904. — Mr. Casyrain Not printed . S7i (2). Return lo an address of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, for copies of all orders in council, ministerial orders, or other documents appointing Mr. P. V. Savard, advocate, formerly a member of this house, to a position under the government, during the course of the years 1902, 1903, or 1904 ; of all correspondence relating to such appointment ; and of all detailed accounts, memoranda, etc., for salary and fees as well for travelling expenses and all other expenses presented by the said P. V. Savard ; and statements showing how much has been claimed by the said P. V. Savard, for such salary and expenses, and how much has been paid to him. Presented 5th Maj\ 1904.— il/r. Taylor Not printed. 58. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1904, giving names of all delegates sent by the government from Canada to Great Britain and Ireland, or anj' European country, during the year 1903 ; with the amount paid to each delegate by way of salary and expenses ; and the "nature of the dtities performed by each delegate ; giving districts where those duties were performed. Presented 6th May, 1904. — Mr. JRochc (Marquette).. Not printed. 89. Return to address of the House of Commons, dated 24th March, 1904, for copies of all contracts entered into between the government of Canada and any corporation, company or person, during the past five years for the carriage of mails between any port or ports on the St. Lawrence and the United Kingdom ; and copies of all such contracts for the carriage of mails, during the period afore- said, between any port or ports in NoA'a Scotia or New Brunswick and the United Kingdom. Pre- sented 9th May, 1904. —Mr. Haggart Not printed. 90. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1904, for copies of orders in council, departmental orders, or letters, defining the respective duties of the chief engineer of the department of marine and fisheries, and of the Commissioner of Lights. Presented 10th May, 1904. — Mr. Lancaster Not printed. 91. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1904, for copies of all orders in council, patents, deeds, documents, correspondence and papers, passed, executed, signed, delivered, sent or received, since the first of J uly, 1903, in connection with the grant of any land in the city of Quebec to the Ross Rifle Factory Company, or Sir Charles Ross, or any person or persfms on behalf of or actiJig for the said Sir Charles Ross or the said company. Presented 26th May, 1904. — Mr. Bell Not printed. 92. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1904, for a statement showing in detail the quantity of vegetables and fruits imported from the United States and entered at the ports of Montreal and Toronto, during the years 1902 and 1903, respectively ; as well as of the amount of duties collected by tlie government during the said two ye^rs at each one of said ports, and indioat- ing separately the quantities and amounts for the first six months in each year. Presented 26th May, 1904.— i/r. Monk Not printed. 13 4 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 CONTENTS OF VOLUME IZ— Continued. 93. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1904, for copies of all correspondence, letters, telegrams, petitions or other documents, from January 1st, 1901, to the present time, in con- nection with or in relation to the dismissal of E. A. Nash, formerly Dominion lands agent at Kamloops, B.C. ; and all correspondence, letters, telegrams or other documents in relation to his application for superannuation. Presented 26th May, 1904. — 3Ir. Taylor Not printed. 94. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1904, for a copy of the report of Blaise Dugas, who was sent to Belgium in connection with increasing the facilities of the tobacco trade with that country, during the year 1902. Presented 27th May, 1904. — Mr. Monk Not printed. 95. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9tli May, 1904, showing : 1. The total exjjendi- ture in connection with the cheese-cooling rooms at Brockville and Woodstock, Ontario, up to the first of March, 1904, detailed as follows : 2. The cost of site for curing room. 3. The cost of con- struction of Viuildings. 4. The cost of machinery, fittings, etc. .5. The cost of cheese purchased. 6. The cost of hauling cheese. 7. The salaries of officials, labour, travelling expenses, etc. 8. The cost of cheese boxes, chemicals, light, telephone, cold storage, freight, and all other incidentals. 9. The amount received for sale of cheese . 10. The amount received for curing cheese. Presented 27th May, 1904. — .If r. Taylor Not printed, 95a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1904, showing : 1. Tiie total expendi- ture in connection with the cheese-cooling room at St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, up to the first of March, 1904, detailed as follows : 2. The cost of site for cui'ing room. 3. The cost of construction of build- ings. 4. The co.st of machinery, fittings, etc. 5. The cost of cheese purchased. 6. The cost of hauling cheese. 7. The salaries of officials, labour, travelling expenses, etc. 8. The cost of cheese boxes, chemi- cals, light, telephone, cold storage, freight, and all other incidentals. 9. The amount received for sale of cheese. 10. The amount received for curing cheese. Presented 27th May, 1904.— ilfr. Taylor Not printed. 95b. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1904, showing: 1. The total expendi- ture in connection with the cheese-cooling room in Cowansville, Quebec, up to the first of March, 1904, detailed as follows : 2. The cost of site of curing-room. 3. The cost of construction of build- ings. 4. The cost of machinery, fittings, etc. 5. The cost of cheese purchased. 6. The cost of hauling cheese. 7. The salaries of officials, labour, travelling expenses, etc. 8. The cost of cheese boxes, chemi- cals, light, telephone, cold storage, freight, and all other incidentals. 9. The amount received for sale of cheese. 10. The amount received for curing cheese. Presented 27th May, 1904. — Mr. Taylor. Not printed. 96. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, for copies of all correspon- dence respecting the sale, lease or rental of the Garrison Commc^n to the city of Toronto, or to any private parties ; and also as to the acquirement of the land to be used by the permanent military forces; together with all orders in council disposing of said Ganison Common, and acquiring the lands to be used for military purposes. Presented 30th May, 1904.— J/r. Clarke. Not printed. 97. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1904, for copies of all orders of council, and of all other documents and correspondence relating to the apYJointment of a commis- sioner to investigate the condition of the lobster and other Atlantic coast fisheries ; likewise of the instructi(ms given regarding that subject ; also the reports that may have been made thereon. Pre- sented 30th May, 1904.— it/r. Oanong Not printed. 98. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1904, for copies of all correspondence representations, minutes, or orders in council, appointments, instructions, papers and writings, in refei-ence to, or in connection with, railway cattle-guards ; or in reference to, or in connection with, the selection or apjiointment of the cattle-guard commission, and the members thereof ; and their actifms and proceedings, including the retirement of Mr. Robertson, and the appointment of Mr. F. W. Holt, C.E., as sole commissioner ; and his instructions and subsequent proceedings ; and includ- ing all interim, partial and final reports by the original or subsequent commission, between the date of the report of railway committee of the session of 1902 on the Lancaster Bill No. 3, of that session, and this date. Presented 30th May, 1904.— ilfr. Clare , Not printed. 99. Retiu-n to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1904, of the judgment and deci-sion of the board of railway commissioners in the application of the towns of Port Arthur and Fort William for telephonic communication with stations and premises of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Presented 30th May, 1904. —Mr. Sproule Not printed^ 14 4 Edw. Vir. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1?,— Continued. 100. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1904, for copies of all letters, correspondence, memorials, [)etitions and documents, in the possession of the Government, relating to the employment, or requesting the emplopment, by the Grand Trunk Railway Company, or by the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company, of British subjects as engineers in the surveying and con- struction of the proposed National Transcontinental Railway ; and generally, all correspondence and documents in the possession of the government, in any way complaining of, or protesting against, the employment of aliens as engineers in railway surveying or construction on the line of the proposed National Transcontinental Railway. Presented 30th May, 1904.— iJfr. Taulor Not printed. 101. Return to an order of the House of Commons dated 9th May, 1904, for copies of all correspondence between the post office department any any person, or persons, referring to the change in post- masters in charge of the post office at Irena, in the township of Matilda, in the county of Dundas. Presented 31st May, 1904.- Mr. Taylor Not printed. 102. Copy of the order in council appointing His Honour Judge Winchester, commissioner, to ascertain the names, nationality, nature and time of employment, remuneration and actual bona fide residence at the time of employment, of each person heretofore or at present employed in connection with the surveys of the proposed Grand Trunk Pacific Railway ; and also as to the names of all the Canadians or bona fide residents of Canada, who have made application for such employment, the nature of the employment applied for, and the result of such application, etc. Presented .31st May, 1904, by Sir William Mulock Not printed. 103. Return of application for registration, under the provisions of chapter 131(R.S.C. ) intituled: "An Act respecting Trade Unions." Presented 1st .Tune, 1904, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Not printed. 104. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1904, giving details with regard to the actual cost of construction of the Belfast and Murray Harbour branches of the Prince Edward Island Railway between Southport and Murray River, as follows : Miles clearing, and cost per mile, miles close cutting, and cost per mile ; miles grubbing, and cost jjer mile ; cubic yards solid rock excavated, rate per yard, and cost per mile ; ditching rate per yard, and cost per mile ; cubic yards borrowed, rate per yard and cost per mile ; public crossings, cost per mile ; farm crossings, cost per mile; ballast, cost per mile; fencing, cost per mile ; rail fastenings, cost i)er mile ; beam culverts, cost per mile ; length of sidings in feet, and cost of same ; stations, w-here placed, and cost of each ; miles of track-laying, and cost per mile ; thi-ee-foot iron pipes, how many, and cost per mile ; eighteen-inch vitrified clay pipes, and cost j)er mile ; steel trestles, length of same, and cost per mile ; total cost of work to date ; description and size of engine-house and turn-table ; also capacity of water-tank, and where situated. Presented 6th June, 1904. — Mr. Haekett. . .Noi printed. 104'(. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 31st May, 1904, giving statements in detail of the expen- ditures on Hillsborough Bridge and Murray Haibour Branch Railway, Prince Edward Island, con- tained in an amount of §1,492,525.47 stated by the minister of finance in the House of Commons on the 30th of September, 1903, to have been expended on these two works up to the 30th June, 1903. And also similar statements regarding any other expenditures, if any, up to the last mentioned date, on these works, not included in the amoimt so stated by the Finance Minster : 1 Exjienditure on Murray Harbom- Branch Railway for— (a) Surveys. (6). Legal expenses, names of persons to whom paid, and amount of each, (c) Land damages, names of persons to whom paid, and amount of each. {d) Grading and blasting, (e) Track-laying. (/) Fencing. \g) Equipment, [h) Any other expen- diture, if any, not included in these headings, to make up the total expenditure up to June 30, 1903. 2. Expenditure on Hillsborough Bridge for— («) Surveys. (6) Legal expenses, to whom paid, and amount to each, (c) Approaches, including land damages, to Nvhom paid, and amount to each, (d) Substructures, (e) Superstructures. (/ Track-laying for railway and general traffic, (y) Any other expenditures, if any, for the same period, not included under above headings. 3. A detailed state- ment, as above, showing the expenditure, up to the date of the passing of this address, of the whole or part of the amount of $1,230,000 voted for the said bridge and railway for the current year. 4. A detailed statement, as in Nos. 1 and 2, showing the estimated application of any part of the said §1,230,000, voted last session for the said railway and bridge and unexpended at the date of the pass- ing of this address. Statements regarding railway and bridge to be given separately. Presented 26th Julv, 904.— ZTon. Sir Mackenzie Bowell Not printed. 15 4 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 CONTENTS OF VOLUME IS— Continued, 1046. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th May, 1904, giving a statement in detail of the expenditures on Hillsborough Bridge, Prince Edward Island, and Murray Harbour Branch Railway, Prince Edward Island, contained in an amount of §1,492,525.47, stated by the minister of finance, in Hansard of 1903, ]»age 12829, to have been expended on these two works up to 30th June, 1903 : Exjjenditure on Murray Harbour Branch : (a) surveys ; (b) legal expenses, names of persons to whom paid, and amount to each ; {r) land damages, names of jiersons to whom paid, and amount to each ; {d) grading and ballasting ; (e) track-laying ; (/) fencing ; (.rts of entry in Canada, and what countries the production of. 7. Exports of aluminum in pigs or ingots. 8. Aluminum metal manufactured in any form. 9. What countries exported to, and ports of .shipment in Canada. 10. Quantities by weight values. 11. For the years 1901, 1902, and 1903. Presented (Senate) 20th May, 1904. —Hon. Mr. Doinville Not printed . 1 lO. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 8th Octolier, 1903, for a statement showing the amount of premiums of insurance against fire which have been i)aid each year in the city of Montreal during the last ten years, up to the 1st of July last, and also showing the amounts paid each year at Montreal during the same period by insurance companies to holders of policies, and also the names of the.«e companies. Presented (Senate) 22nd Ajtril, 1904. — Hon. Mr. David. Not printed. 16 4 Edw. V]I. List of Sessioual Papers. A. 1904 CONTENTS OF VOLUME IH—ContimiaL 111. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 19<)4, showing the number of liquor permits issued for the Yukon Territory since the date ot the last return ; the names of parties to whom said permits were issued ; the quantities of liquor covered by each pei'init ; the names of all parties to whom said jjermits were assigned (if assigned) by the original iiermit-holder. Presented 9th June, 1904. — Mr. Lancaster ^ot printed. 112. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 3ioyment of engineers in railway surveying or construction on the line of the profjosed National Transcontinental Railway Presented 28th June, 1904. — Mr. Borden (Halifax.) Not jirintcd. 125. Protocol of the conference at Washington in May, 1898, preliminary to the appointment of a joint commission for the adjustment of questions at issue between the United States and Great Britain in respect to the relations of the former with the Dominion of Canada. Presented 2yth June, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for sessional papers. 126. Copy of a report of the committee of the honourable the privy council, approved by His Excellency the Governor General on the 22nd of June, 1904, rescinding the order in council oi the 21st April, 1902, granting certain powers and priveleges to Malcolm H. Orr-Ewing, A. N. C. Treadgold and Walter Barwick. Presented 30th June, 1904, by Hon. C. Sifton Not printed. 127. Ca.ses in the Privy Council on Appeal from the Supreme Court of Canada re representation in the House of Commons of certain Provinces of the Dominion : Between the Attorney General for the Province of New Brunswick, Appellant, and Attorney General for the Dominion of Canada, Respondent ; and between the Attorney General for the Province of Prince Edward Island, Appellant, and Attorney General for the Dominion of Canada, Respondent. Presen.ted 4th July, 1904, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick Printed for sessional papers. 128. I*artial return to an order of the House of Commons dated 20th June, 1904, for copies of (a) all re- ports, correspondence, statements, accounts and papers, relating to seizures of binder twine since the 1st of January, 1902, and to prosecutions in respect of the charges ; (h) the correspondence and papers between the several departments relating to all and every such seizure and to the prosecution; of the charges ; (c) all instructions given to any person or persons in relation to such seizures or or prosecutions ; (d) the names, occupations and places of residence of all persons employed by or acting on behalf of the government, in relation to each of such seizures, or to the prosecution of the charges ; (c) a statement'of all «cpenses, charges or fees paid to or claimed by any person or persons, in connection with such seizures or prosecutions ; and the papers connected with such payments and claims. Presented (Jth July, 1904— Mr. Clancij Not printed. 1 28a. Supplementary return to No. 128. Presented 15th July, 1904 Not printed. 129. Extracts from two reports of a committee of the honourable the privy council respecting a lease, etc., to Mr. Michael P. Davis, of Ottawa, of a certain lot of land at the Lower Slieiks Island Dam on the the Cornwall Canal. Presented 11th July, 1904, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 1 30. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 12th July, 1904, for copies of correspondence and other papers respecting the extension of the command of Lieutenant-Colonel R. W. Gregory, commanding officer of the 2nd Dragoons, his subsequent resignation, &c. Presented 12th July, 1904, Sir Frederick Borden Not printed, 18 4 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U—Covtinued. 130a. Supplementaiy return to No. 130. Presented 2nd August, 11)04 JVot printed. 131. Orders in council passed since last session, submitted for the a])proval of ijarliament, in accordance with the provisions of section 5 of chapter 34 of the Statutes of Canada, 1902, intituled : " An Act further to amend the Yukon Territoi-y Act." Presented 12th July, 1904, by Hon. C. Sifton. Not printed. 132. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 14th .lune, 1904, for a copy of all reports made since the opening of navigation to the department of the interior on the subject of the French steamer Le Malou, and more particularly a copy of the report of Doctor Potvin concerning this vessel. Pres- ented (Senate) 12th July, 1904 — Hon. Mr. Landrii Not printed. 133. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th .Tune, 1904, for copies of all correspondence between anj' department of the government of Manitoba and any department of the government of of the Dominion, relating to the acquisition, selection or survey of 256,000 acres of land, earned by the former Winnipeg and Hudson's Bay Railway Company, now the Canadian Northern Railway Company, and to which the government of the province of Manitoba is entitled. Presented 13th Juh', 1904.— il/?'. Steivart Not printed. 134. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th May, 1904, for copies of all corresiwndence, accounts and statements showing the cost of the buildings at Mabou, and at other points, which are us^d in connection with the creamery at Mabou, C.B.; the cost of the machinerj', and the rental paid by the government ; the salaries paid l)y the government ; the price paid for milk and cream by the government ; the quantity of butter manufactured in each year ; the cost per pound of butter in each year ; the price at which such butter has been sold each year : the government charge for manu- facturing and marketing. Presented 13th July, 1904. — Mr. Bell Not printed. 135. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th May, 1904, showing the number of ix)unds ol butter and cheese which have been manufactured at the Dominion Dairy Station at Nappan, N.S., in each of the last three years. Also for a statement showing the cost of such cheese and butter in each year ; giving the items which enter into such total cost, and also showing the cost of manufacture and the cost of marketing per pound, by years. Presented 13th July, 1904. — Mr. Bell. .Not printed. 136. Return of an order of the House of Commons, dated .30th May, 1904, giving the number of chicken- fattening stations in operation in Prince Edward Island in the years, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, respec- tively, giving the locations of each, and the names of manager of each, for the respective years ; the expenditure in each of the.se stations for the years named, and the refunds made from the sale of poultry, &c., stating separately the refund from each for the difiFerent years. Presented 13th July, 190i.— Mr. Lcfurffci/ , Not printed. 137. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1904, for copies of all letters and other correspondence, between the board of trade of Alberton, Prince County, Prince Edward Island, and any other party or parties, and the government, relative to the importing of a fishing population, the construction of patent driers, and the general eucouragement of the [deep-sea fisheries on the north shore of Prince Edward Island. Presented 14th July, 1904.— 3/r. Hackett Not printed. 138. Return to an order of the House .of Commons, dated 19th July, 1904, of copies of papers respecting the Canadian School of Musketry, Rockliffe, Ontario. Presented 19th July, 1904.— Sir Frederick Borden Not printed 139. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th June, 1904, for a copy of all correspon- dence between the government and any person, or persons, in reference to the granting of pensions to those of the Canadian South African contingents who were wounded or sufferd anj' disability in such service. Presented 22nd July, 1904. —Mr. Broder , Not printed. 140. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th' June, 1904, for copies of all contracts for public works entered into by the government, which required the contractors to pay their workmen fair wages, in accordance with the fair-wage resolution agreed upon by parliament in the session of 1900 ; also the amounts of money covered by these contracts. Presented 27th July, 1904. — Mr. Smith (Vancouver) Not printed. 140a. Supplementary return to No. 140. Presented 3rd A^igust, 190 1 Not printed. 141. Correspondence and papers respecting the Canada Eastern Railway Company. Presented 29th July. 1904, by Hon. H. R. Emmerson Not printed. 19 4 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1904 CONTENTS OF VOLUME V6— Concluded. 142. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 17th March, 1904, for copies of the commis- sion appointing Mr. Justice Britton and other commissioners to inquire into the Treadgold and other concessions in the Yukon Territory ; and of all the evidence, exhibits, pa]>ers and documents i>ro- duced at the investigation held by the said commissioners, and of any report or reports made by the said commissioners. Presented 1st August, 1!I04. — Mr. Casr/rain. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 143. Retiu-n to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th May, 1904, fur copies of all correspondence, documents and reports, between the government and any party or parties, relative to the question of weighing dairy products at the port of Montreal, or elsewhere in the Dominion of Canada ; as well as all documents, papers and letters connected with the commission apix)inted to investigate the same. Presented 4th August, 1904. — Mr. Pope Not printed. 144. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1904, for copies of all correspon- dence between the government of British Columbia, the canners' association, or any other person, and the minister of marine and fisheries, or any official of the government, relating to the granting of fish-trap licenses in British Columbia ; also any order iu council relating to the same. Presented 6th August, 1904.— 3fr. Earle Not jynntcd. 145. Return to an address of the Senate, dated ]4th July, 1904, for a statement indicating, year by year, from the year 1901, inclusive, up to this day, the detail of the expenses incurred in the construction of the wharf at St. Alphonse of Ha 1 Ha 1 Bay. Presented (Senate) 8th August, 1904. — Hon. Mr. Landry - . Not printed. 146. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 21st June, 1904, for : 1. A statement .showing, in so many distinct columns, the names, surnames, ages, occupations of each of the sailors, from the commander down to the lowest cabin boy, who went to Germany, or who in Germany took service, on board of the Gauss, and who have come back to this countrj'. 2. The number of years, months or days previously devoted to sea service by each of the sailors of the Gauss. 3. The names of all the signers of an alleged complaint supposed to have been addressed to the minister of marine. 4. A copj' of such complaint and of every answer thereto, as well as of all correspondence relating thereto. 5. A copy of all correspondence relating to the purchase of the Gauss, and of the instructions given to Captain Bernier. 6. A copy of the log kept on board since the vessel has been placed under the command of Captain Bernier. Presented (Senate) 8th August, VM4. — Hon. Mr. Landry. .Not printed. 147. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 27th June, 1904, for copies of all correspondence relating to the purchase or building of ice-breakers for use on the St. Lawrence or other Canadian waters. Presented (Senate) 8th August, 1904. — Hon. Sir Mackenzie Boicell Not printed. 20 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 A. 1904 SUMMARY REPORT OF THE GEOLOGICAI. SURVEY DEPARTMENT OF CANADA FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1903 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSOX, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1904 No. 26-1 90-t.] j,T^. 865. 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No 26 A. 1904 To His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir Gilbert John Elliot, Earl oj Mirito, G .C .M.G ., &c., (tc, Governor Geiieral oJ Canada. May it Please Your Excellency, — The undersigned has the honour to lay before Your Excellency, in compliance with 3 Vic, Chap. 2, Section 6, the Summary Report of the Operations of the Geological Surv'ey Department for the calendar year ending December 31, 1903. Respectfully submitted. CLIFFORD SIFTON, Minister of the Interior. January, 1904. 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 A. 1904 TABLE OF C0:NTENTS Page. Nature of the work of the Geological Survey 1 Synopsis of Field-work in 1903 3 Work at Headquarters in 1903 10 Publications of the Department in 1903 12 List of Publications on Economic Minerals, 1855-1902 ... 18 Annual Reports of the Mines Section, 1887-1902 .... 31 Explorations and Sii,rvei/s : — Yukon Territory — Klondike District 34 British Columbia — », Lardeau District 42 Peace River Country 81 Coal Basins in the Rocky Mountains 83 Geology of the International Boundary . . 91 Keewatin District — Winisk River 100 Ontario — Nagagami River and branches of the Kenogami 109 Temagami District 120 Prince Edward and Hastings Counties 133 Quebec — Landslide on the Li^vre River 136 Surface Geology of the Southern Part 140 Geology of Yamaska Mountain 144 Copper-bearing Rock.s of the Eastern Townships 146 'New Brunswick — Charlotte County , 150 Nova Scotia — Northern Part 160 Gold Fields 174 Museum and Office Work : — Chemistry and Mineralogy 187 Work of the Mines Section 193 Bruce Mines District 195 Mapping and Engraving 196 Palaeontology and Zoology 201 Vertebrate Paleontology 205 Botany and Ornithology 207 Library, visitors, staff, appropriations, expenditure and correspondence.. 209 26— B 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER Nc 26 A. 1904 SUMMARY REPORT ON THE OPERATIONS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1903. The Honourable Clifford Sifton, M.P., Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following Summary Report on the affairs of the Geological Survey Department for the calendar year 1903. It will be found to contain an account of all the opera- tions carried on by the Department, both at head-quarters in Ottawa and in the field. As in previous years, it has been the constant aim of the Survey to meet the expectations and requirements of the public in confoi'mity with the provisions of the Act governing the Depart- ment, and to give an economic and pi'actical character to all its labours. The Survey carried on, as usual, a certain amount of palteontological, Principal zoological^ botanical, ethnological and archjeological investigations, for q°!^ °^ *^® all of which it enjoys, incidentally, considerable advantages which it is desirable to utilize in the interest of science ; but by far the lar^-est proportion of our work is directed to investigating and aiding the development of the mineral i-esources of the country. With this end in view^, the field operations each year are spread over all the provinces and most of the territories of the Dominion, while the indoor work consists of chemical, minei-alogical and lithological researches, di-aftino- and mapmaking in all branches, preparing reports, bulletins on economic materials and other special publications, the keeping of accounts, collecting and tabulatii^g statistics of mines and works in connection with mineral products of all kinds, the care of the library and the different branches of the museum and of our laro-e stock of maps and field instruments, photography in connection with map- making, the artistic drawing of fossils, supplying collections of named minerals to educational institutions, the preparation and installinf^ of collections of samples of the economic minerals and rocks of Canada 26 — 1 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 at exhibitions, sending out the reports, maps and other publications of the Survey, an extensive correspondence, attention to visitors on departmental business, etc. The editing and proof-reading of our publications occupies much of my time and that of the secretary, Mr. Percy Selwyn, who is very proficient in this work. Mr. Selwyn has also done good service in attending to the correspondence and other ofiice duties during my absence in Europe and in the field. Indispensable In the vast unsurveyed regions of Canada, which may be x'ich in topographical g^onomic minerals and therefore require investigation by the Survey, a certain amount of topographical work is indispensable in connection with the geological researches. The field-work of the Surveyor General of the Dominion and of the Commissioners of Crown Lands of the several provinces is mainly devoted to dividing up, by straight lines, the unoccupied lands best fitted for agriculture, and consequently, the least likely to be of value for economic minerals, and these ofiicers have no object in causing surveys to be made of the more rocky and distant sections of the country. As it is in such regions that the work of the Geological Survey requires to be carried on, we are obliged to do the topogx^aphical work jmri ]mssu with the geological, in order to construct proper maps for the purposes of the Department. Therefore, the ofiicers in charge of our field parties should be proficient surveyors as well as geologists. The geological maps resulting from the combined topographical and geological field-work of the various members of the staff are plotted and compiled during the winter in the ofiices at Ottawa, by the same men who make the surveys, aided by the chief draftsman and several assistants. E.xtraneous During the season just closed, less help has been obtained from assistance. geologists outside of the Department than in the two previous years. Professor Ernest Haycock of Acadia College aided Dr. Ells in ^^'orking out the geology of Charlotte county in New Brunswick. Mr. J. A. Dresser investigated the relations of copper ores to their enclosing rocks in the Eastern Townships of Quebec ; Mr. G. A. Young has given us a report on the petrology of Yamaska mountain and Mr. Charles Camsell has contributed gratuitously some valuable information in regard tf> certain rocks and minerals in Manitoba. The fine geological map of the Pictou coal-field preimred in this ofiice and which is nearly ready for publication by the Survey, is largely due to the labours of Mr. Henry S. Poole, extending through many years of practice as a mining engineer within the area represented. Mr. Poole has, with great liberality, given me, free of charge, except for some incidental SUMMARY REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 expenses, an able jiractical report on this coal-field to accompany the map. We are greatly indebted to Dr. F. D. Adams, Professor of Geology at McGill University, for a very valuable report on the artesian wells and underground waters of the Island of Montreal, which also contains additions to our previous knowledge of the geology of that island. This report is the result of a number of years' obser- vation and collecting of information on the subject, and Dr. Adams has generously presented it for the use of the public, entirely free of charge. It is accompanied by carefully prepared tables of the ' logs ' or records of borings and a geological map of the island and sur- rounding district. Dr. Adams was assisted in the field-work and in preparing the report by Mr. O. E. LeRoy, who was afterwards, for a time, connected with the Geological Survey. FIELD WORK. The field-work is, of course, the primary and most important of the Field-work, duties assigned to the Geological Survey and all our other labours are consequent upon it. The various regions for the field opei'ations of the season 1903 had been judiciously chosen as the results have shown. The several portions of work done have proved to be those most needed to meet present requirements. All the men sent to the field were competent to carry out their instructions and the aggregate of new information on geography, geology and a variety of other useful subjects has added greatly to our knowledge of Canada. Everyone employed was advised to exercise great care and as a conse- quence no misfortunes or ' accidents ' of any kind occurred. In the following brief review of the work accomplished the various regions exploited are arranged, as before, in order from northwest to southeast across the continent. In the Yukon district, Mr. R. G. McConnell, without a professional Yukon assistant, completed the work which was intended to be done for the district, present in the Klondike gold mining area. This consisted in tracing out the boundaries of the difierent rock-formations on the ground and laying them down upon a contoured tojjographical map which he had prepared in previous years, by the aid of Mr. Frank Johnson and Mr. Joseph Keele. Mr. McConnell, while performing his geological work in this district, also kept in view the desirability of establishing a water-supply for common use in placer mining in the future, and he has prepared an elaVjorate statement on the subject for the information of the commissioners who were appointed by the government last summer to investigate this matter. The maintenance of a larije pro- 26-U GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT Lardeaxi district, B.C. Peace river country. 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 duction of gold in this district in yeai's to come depends principally on obtaining a better supply of water than is procurable at present. Mr. McConnell's investigations afford further evidence of the local origin of the gold of the Klondike area. Work was begun in the Lardeau district in southern British Columbia by Professor R. W. Brock as geologist, and Mr. W. H. Boyd as topographer. The latter is engaged in constructing a map of this region. Very little had heretofore been known of the geology which appears to be of considerable interest. Promising discoveries of gold in veins have been made in the district The demand for reliable information as to the Peace river country increased considerably last year. With a view of ascertaining the true character of the land and the climate of the upper or western portion of this region, I requested Mr. James Macoun to undertake an investigation of as much as possible of the Peace river country in general, and the upper portion in particular. He was also to verify, or otherwise, the reports and opinions of others who had preceded him. Accordingly, he started as early as the season would permit, and since his return, has written a report which will be issued as soon as possible, as a special publication of the Survey, and may not appear in the Annual Report for the year, nor in the present Summary Report. Mr. Macoun was assisted by Mr. William Spread- borousfh. Coal-field in Rocky Mts., near C.P.Ry. Sheep creek The growing demand for a .supply of coal near the line of the Cana- dian Pacific railway in the Rocky mountains re(i[uired this Department to make a geological survey of the region around this section of the line and for a considerable distance to the southward, for the purpose of ascertaining the nature, geological relations and extent of such coal seams as were already known and of discovering others. Mr. D. B. Dowling, who was instructed to undertake this work, examined into the geology of the mountains on either side of the railway fi'om Banff Hot Springs to The Gap or on both sides of the Cascade and Bow rivers, and since his return he has conmienced carving to scale a model of this section, which will show artistically in colours the geological .struc- ture and the relations of the various strata which include the coal seams. Mr. Dowling, according to instructions, also exi lored for coal about the head-waters of Sheep creek and this duty was carried out successfully. He was assisted throughout the .season by Mr. Fred Bell of Winnipeg. On the International boundary, which is being located along the 49th [nternational B.C. parallel in the western mountain region between British Columbia SUMMARY REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 and the State of Washington, Dr. R. A. Daly continued a geological examination on behalf of Canada. This work extended from the boundary, as a base, to an average distance of ten miles from it. His report will be found in the present volume. To the southwest of Hudson bay, in the Severn district of the Southern Hudson's Bay Company, which forms part of the vast tract now called *^^^^'^ '"' Keewatin. there was, up to last year, a great unsurveyed area, through Avhich the Wenisk river flows. I requested Mr. William Mclnnes to undertake a combined topographical and geological survey of this large stream. This he accomplished very successfully with the aid of four Indians, but without any white assistance, and returned to Ottawa early in the autumn. The accompanying complete and concise report, in which he gives very interesting information on all subjects relating to the country traversed, demonstrates what may be accomplished in a short season by a single competent officer with a small party of aborigines. One of the canoe-routes from Lake Superior to the Albany river Nagagami crosses the height-of-land a short distance northward of Montizambert "^®^- on the Canadian Pacific railway and follows the Nagagami river tu its junction with the Kenogami at Mamma-we-mattawa (The meeting of many waters). Mr. W. J. Wilson of this Department was instructed to make an instrumental survey of this route ; also of the lower por- tion of the Kaibinakagami river as far up as the point to which I had surveyed it downward in 1889, and of the Oo-sha-a-poo-ka-tick or Ridge river as far as it could be navigated by canoes. These two other bran- streams and also the Pagwitchewan fall into the Kenogami at the same ches of Keno- place as the Nagagami. Mr. Wilson's party was also to survey the Drowning and Little Current rivers, which flow from the west and join the Kenogami between Mamma-we-mattawa and The Forks of the Albany. Mr. Owen O'SuUivan acted as Mr. Wilson's assistant and these two gentlemen fully carried out my instructions, accomplishing all the work described. They have plotted their surveys and are com- piling a map on which they will be shown, together with parts of my own surveys of 1870, '77, '86 and '87. In the country behind the Bruce mines, Mr. Theo. Denis, who had Tract behind assisted Mr. Ingall there in 1902, continued the work for part of the Bruce mines, season, assisted by Mr. Uglow. On leaving this field Mr. Denis visited the salt wells and works near Windsor, Ontario, in order to obtain some necessary information and Mr. Uglow was sent to assist Dr. Hugh Ells in finishing the Prince Edward county map-sheet. For the purpose of continuing the geological mapping of the Tenia- Temagami garni lake region, I instructed Dr. Barlow to proceed with the survey region. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT Prince Edward county. Surface geology in Quebec. 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 of the map-sheet adjoining the Temiskaming sheet, (No. 599) on the west, in which the geology would no doubt prove of much interest and where deposits of valuable minerals might reasonably be expected to exist. The Prince Edward county map-sheet (No. 110), most of which had been worked out by Dr. R. W. Ells, still required certain areas to be completed in Prince Edward and Hastings counties and Dr. Hugh Ells, who had previously assisted in the surveys for this sheet, was requested to do the necessary work for this purpose. The Surface geology of the province of Quebec on both sides of the St. Lawrence between Quebec city and Montreal was not sufficiently well known and Dr. Chalmers was instructed to examine this region and collect all the information possible on this branch of its geology and also in i-egard to artesian borings within the same limits. He performed this duty without any assistant and his report shows that a large amount of work was accornplished. The investigation of the geology and petrology of the various isolated hills of volcanic origin which stand out prominently on the level plains of the southern part of Quebec has been making progress for a number of years through the labours of several geologists. A description by Di\ J. A. Dresser of Shefford and Brome mountains was published in the Summaiy Report for 1901. During the past season Mr. G. A. Young was carrying on an examination of Yamaska mountain and in exchange for some aid extended to him, he has given us the short report on this mountain which is published herewith. Copper in the The exact mode of occuri-ence of the copper ores of the Eastern liastemlown- Townships in relation to the containing rocks, bein^' a question of considerable economic importance in the practical geology of that region, Dr. J. A, Dresser has been engaged during the last two seasons in investigating this subject. His report, illustrated by a map, shows that the copper is confined to certain ancient volcanics to which , prospecting should be confined. Yamaska mountain. New Brynbwick. Our knowledge of the geology of Charlotte county, New Brunswick, left much to be desired. Accordingly, I requested Dr. Ells to supple- ment it by further examination, in order to determine more certainly the boundaries of the formations and the geological ages of some of the rocks. He was assisted by Mr. R. A. A. Johnston, of this depart- ment, and Professor Ernest Haycock, of Acadia College. Dr. Ells returned before the end of the season in order to re-examine some parts of the mica, graphite and phosphate regions, before preparing bulletins for publication on these economic minerals. Messrs. Johnston SUMMARY REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 and Haycock continued the work in New Brunswick till the close of the season. The systematic detailed geological survey was continued in the Northern northern part of the mainland of Nova Scotia by Mr. Hugh Fletcher ^'^''^ Scotia, and two assistants. The work of the season was confined principally to Annapolis. Kings and Cumberland counties. Mr. Fletcher also aided in the completion of Mr. H. S. Poole's report and map of the Pictou coal-field which are now ready for publication. Mr. Fletcher's geological researches connected with mapping and describing the geology of Nova Scotia have now extended over twenty-eight years, most of this time having been devoted to working out the structure of the various coal-fields. His work is highly appreciated by the coal- mining community and by every miner and practical geologist in the province, all of whom have the utmost confidence in the results he has arrived at, as set forth in his reports and the numerous maps which have been constructed by him from his own surveys. In connection with the lai'ge output of coal which is now going on < J old in .Nova in both Nova Scotia and Vancouver island, an interesting fact is worth mentioning, namely, that the only coal which is known to occur in North America cm the immediate seaboard of either the Atlantic or Pacific, belongs to Canada. The nature and arrangement of the gold-bearing veins of Nova Scotia have been further investigated by Mr. E. E. Faribault and two assistants. During the twenty years Mr. Faribault has been engaged in this work, he has produced twenty-four plans of the gold districts of the province, of which eighteen have been already published, three are ready for publication and the remaining three are in the engraver's hands. Mr. Faribault has also published numerous reports and papers on gold veins and gold mining and milling in Nova Scotia. He appears to have arrived at correct general conclusions as to the gold veins of the province and is now pi'eparing a concise bulletin on the siibject. He has just been invited by the government of the province to go to Halifax and advise it in regard to the pending legislation for the encouragement of deep mining for gold. His work has already been of great value in developing the gold resources of Nova Scotia by giving the mining of this metal a permanent character, due to a know- ledge of the true nature of the veins and the assurance of a continued supply of ore. Mr. A. P. Low of this Department was placed in command of the Hudson Bay Hudson Bay Expedition in the SS. j^eptune, which was commissioned ^^''^ to visit the shores of Hudson bay and strait and our islands lying to GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 the northward of the mainland of Canada on behalf of the Depart- ments of the Geological Survey, Marine and Fisheries and Customs. Commander Low sailed from Halifax on the 22nd of August, with a total ship's company of 43. Besides having general charge of the expedition, he was instructed to make geological notes, especially with regard to any occurrences of economic minerals at all places which had not previously been visited by a geologist and more particularly at localities which could only be reached by a sea-going vessel. He was also to make surveys, if possible, during the winter, using the ship as a base of operations, and in summer in addition to other duties he was to investigate the fisheries and do whatever work he could in natural history and botany. Mr. C. F. King, of the Geological Survey, was sent as Commander Low's assistant for geology and biology. It was expected that the expedition would spend the winter in the north- western part of Hudson bay. Interesting and important geological information will no doubt result from this expedition. ROOK-SLIDE AT FRANK. Rock-slide On the 29th of April a rock-slide of considerable magnitude took place from the face of the mountain overlooking the town of Frank, where the southern line of the' Canadian Pacific railway enters the Crows Nest Pass through the Rocky mountains. The first telegraphic news of the disaster which reached Ottawa described it as a " volcanic eruption," but those who inquired as to its nature at the oiRce of the Survey were immediatel}^ informed that this was exceedingly unlikely and indeed almost impossible. I telegraphed to Mr. W. W. Leach, who had worked in this locality for the Survey the previous season and who was then in the vicinity, asking him to telegraph me a sufficiently full description of the phenomenon. He complied with my request, and his description was immediately placed at the disposal of the press and printed in the leading newspapers. CLAY-SLIDE ON LIEVRE RIVER. Clay-slide on ^ land-slide in the clay of the valley of the Lievre river having taken Lifevrenver. place at Little Rapids on the morning of Sunday, 11th October, Drs. Ells and Barlow were requested to examine it as soon as possible after its occurrence, as phenomena of this kind are of some scientific and practical importance. Dr. Ells' report on what they saw is illustrated by a sketch-map and a photographic view of the ground that was affected. SUMMARY REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No 26 AMYGDALOID IX MANITOBA. Reference has been made to the disco v'eiy oi amj'gdaloid rock in Amygdaloid Manitoba by Mr. Charles Camsell. As to this subject, Mr. Camsell '" -^lanitoba. wrote me on the 28th of November as follows : — ' With regard to the occurrence of amygdaloid at the north end of Lake Manitoba, the beds are not very extensive and are easily covered by a claim of 1,500 feet square. Smaller areas occur to the south-east and north-west. They rise about ten feet above the general level of the plain to the east, which is low and swampy ; while on the west they seem to dip under almost horizontal beds of gypsum. The amygdaloid also seems to be nearly horizontal. The dip, if any, is to- wards the west. The colour is usually reddi.sh, but sometimes it is a dark purple. The cavities near the surface are nearly always empty and lined with a coating of a white substance. Occasionally they are filled with a greenish earth or with crystals of zeolites. Small particles of copper can be seen with the microscope and some coj^per carbonate. ' Small areas of a jasper conglomerate are associated with the amygda- loid but their relative position is uncertain. ' About seven miles to the south-east, on Sugar island in Lake St. Martin is an outcrop of crystalline trap rock, which Mr. J. B. Tyrrell describes, and which, from his assay, contains some copper, and this rock probably has some connection with the amygdaloid. East of this are small areas of coarse-grained granite surrounded by limestone. DISCOVERY OF SILVER AND COBALT. Late in the autumn, a discovery of silver and cobalt, which appears Discovery of to be important, was made by men working on the line of the Temis- silver and caming railway at Long lake, about five miles southward of Haileybury on the west shore of Temiscaming lake. The metals occur in veins, the silver, both native and as sulphide. The locality was visited by Professor W. G. Miller, Provincial Geologist of Ontario, just before it became covered by snow, and he considers the discovery to be one of much promise. The veins cut slatey rocks, apparenty belonging to the Animikie or lower Cambrian series which carries the silver ores of the Thunder Bay region. These rocks are reported to have been found also further north, around the base of the outlier of the Niagara for- mation which extends north-westerly from the head of the lake. If this should prove correct, there would be a prospect of finding other silver-bearing veins in this region, wherever these rocks occur. 10 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Work at headquarters. In the che- mical labo- ratory. Mining statis'tics. Principal ectjnomic minerals of Canada. WORK AT HEADQUARTERS. In the present summary of the work done by the various officers of tlie Department Avill also be found reports on that performed by the different indoor or home members of the staff, namely, as to Chemistry and Mineralogy by Dr. G. C. Hoffmann, the Mines Section by Mr. E. D. Ingall, Mapping and Engraving by Mr. C. O. Senecal, Palaeonto- logy and Zoology by Dr. J. F. Whiteaves, Vertebrate Paleontology by Mr. Lawrence M. Lambe, Botany and Oniithology by Professor John Macoun and the Library by Dr. John Thorburn. The reports, as to both the field and home work are printed as they were written by the various officers themselves, in order that they may thus obtain full credit for their labours. The usual amount of work has been done in the chemical laboratory in connection with the examination of economic minerals collected by the officers of the staff or brought or sent in by others, but owing to the establishment of good laboratories in connection with the mining bureaus of the different provinces, the amount of assaying which we are requested to do for prospectors is limited. Mr. Donald Locke, who had been appointed to do work of this kind, resigned on the 14th of September and Mr. M. F. Connor was appointed to succeed him. As in former years the mining section of the Department is prepar- ing a preliminaiy statistical statement of the mineral production and the condition of the different branches of mining in Canada for 1903. The final details are only received from our correspondents after the close of the year and it is generally about the middle of February before the statement_can be issued. This section has prepared its full report for 1902, which will be published in the course of a month or two. Besides a large amount of statistical tabulation, it contains chapters giving general information as to different economic minerals in relation to the Dominion. From this report it will be seen that Canada now" produces a considerable variety of both metallic and non- metallic minerals, although it is within the recollection of many, that in the territory which now constitutes the Dominion, coal, building materials and a little iron ore were the only mineral products. At the time when the Geological Survey commenced active operations in 1843, a number of other economic minerals w^ere known to exist, but only in small quantities. Since that time, and largely owing to the operations of the Survey and the information afforded by its reports, its museum and its showing of fine specimens of minerals at exhibitions at home and abroad, other economic minerals have been discovered in commercial quantities and more or less developed in about the follow- SUMMARY REPORT 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No, 26 ing order, historically : copper, coal and iron in larger ciuantities, lead, petroleum and natural gas, gold, iron-pyrites, gypsum, slate, cement stones, salt, mica, graphite, apatite, silver, asbestus, feldspar, nickel, zinc, corundum, chromic iron and cobalt. In addition to these, a con- siderable variety of marbles, granites and other ornamental rocks, gems and semi-precious stones, peat, shell-marl, ochres and other materials used as paints have been discovered in many places. The following minerals, mentioned in alphabetical order, are those which were most frequently inquired for during the year : Asbestus, borax, baryte, celestite, corundum, copper ores, chromic Minerals iron, feldspar, fire-clay, iluorspar, graphite, gypsum, iron-pyrites, iron ji"^![ng j^g sand, kaolin, monazite, magnesite, molybdenite, natural gas, peat, year. pottery clay, phosphate, soapstone, silica sand, talc, vanadium, wolf- ram, zinc ores. In the Department of Paheontology, the reports of Dr. Whiteaves Palajontology. and Mr. Lawrence M. Lambe show gratifying progress. The latter has completed for publication a work on vertebrate fossils from the North- west Territories, entitled ' Contributions to Canadian Pala?ontology,' Vol. III., (Quarto) Part II., illustrated by eight fine plates prepared by himself, which it is intended to reproduce by the Heliotype process in the same manner as the plates in his last volume on a similar sub- ject. Professor Penhallow's paper on Osmundites, which was contri- buted toby this Department, was published during the year in Yol. XXI of the Transactions of the Royal .Society of Canada. The zoological work of the year has related principally to Ornitlio- Zoology. logy. Dr. Whiteaves has added a number of sets of rare eggs to the collection of the eggs of Canadian birds already in the museum. Our large collection of bird-skins has been enriched by numerous additions. Professor Macoun has nearly completed his third and last volume on Canadian Birds and this important book is eagerly awaited by ornith- ologists all over the continent. In the Botanical Division, Professor Macoun's work was confined Botany, to the lower Ottawa valley and was devoted largely to the Fungi, of which he has now found no fewer than 1,100 species in this part of Canada. The 10 new species of violets of Prince Edward Island, discovered mostly by Mr. Lawi-ence W. Watson when employed by the Survey, have been described by Professor Green of AVashington and figured by Dr. Theo. Holm of the same city. It is proposed to publish these descriptions and figures within a short time. The descriptions and figures of the ten new species of plants from Hudson bay are also ready for publication. 12 GEOLOGICAL SUR\'EY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII.. A. 1904 Publications of the deiice, and caused a wave which was estimated by the officers of the steamer Kootenay, to be about 6 ft. high. The tug Revelstoke was thrown up on shore and drawn back three times by the waves, and the hulk of the old steamer Nakusj), which lay sunk at Arrowhead, was tossed about for a few moments on top of the waves before sinking once more. Had it not been for the shoulder of rock which broke the fall of the slide rock, the wave would probably have been destructive in its violence. The rock composing the bluff consists of phyllite, striking approximately east and west and dipping, where the break occurred, at an angle of 50 deg. north. The rocks have a strong east and west jointing with a dip of 60 deg. south. Along the dip of the rock and the dip of the joint planes, the mass broke away in a zig-zag line, leaving an almost perpendicular face (considerably over 80 deg.). Behind this steep face are several open joints which will probably occasion further slides of small dimensions. As the rock -mass broke away largely across the beds, the Arrowhead slide would be classified as a Bergsturz like the great Frank rock-slide. Compared with the latter, the Arrowhead slide is of course diminutive. The causes of the slide were wholly n'^tural. The rock -mass was in a state of unstable equilibrium, dis- sected by divisional planes, along which it was easily separated. The ties binding it to the shoulder of the mountain were gradually snapped by the action of atmospheric agencies, perhaps assisted by the earth- quake tz'emor of 1901, until finally they were unable to bear the addi- tional weight of the winter snow and the mass broke away along these divisional planes. Landslips have occurred in several other points in the district examined. Attractions The grandeur of the scenery, the ease of access, the opportunity for tourists, f^i- mountain climbing, hunting and fishing, and of becoming acquainted with the characters of a western mining camp, should attract tourists and other visitors to the Lardeau. Fair hotels and tran.sportation facilities ali'eady exist. DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISTRICT. The Lardeau country has been recognized as a mineral district for some time. Claims were located near Comaplix on the Northeast «l)Col(iivral Sumeu of Cf nnaba DMI) rRSISO ArllN(, niMfr.TON Drawfi Kn- flmlalillmgraplij, I,,, OliPru.rhn. Scale Srnite.iiol inch 10 :> To ot-conifHinti Hirt JJ^ ^ot, XY. No 85;}. Oold-ailvrr-Uad .tiUnhiireta. ~J .IrgentiHiviis ijalena . 56 SUMMARY KEPORT 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 Arm as far back as 1888, and the Lardeau itself was prospected and staked ten years ago. From that time on, prospecting has continued Developement and the development and opening up of the district have gone slowly ° *^ * ''' "*^ ' forward. But the district has not received as careful attention from either prospectors or mining men as its mineral indications would warrant. Several causes have contributed to this. The rugged nature of the country, its isolation and consequent distance from smelters have made it impossible to handle anything but the richest ores ; pros- pectors decided that it was a silver-lead district only, and searched for nothing else ; the depression in the silver-lead markets had a strong I'et^rding influence on the young undeveloped district ; many claim owners in view of the high assa3's obtainable and regardless of the great cost of mining and transporting the ore, held their claims at prices that wece prohibitive in an undeveloped district where so many natural difliculties had to be overcome. However, the district is now easily accessible and, in many parts, well opened up with roads and trails which greatlv facilitate prospecting. A number of claims are now opened up and provided with the means for handling ore, and in some cases, treating it on the spot. With the successful operation of these and the recent discoveries of rich gold ores on Poplar creek the past summer, it is to be anticipated that the district will soon receive more careful attention from both prospectors and mining men. TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. The Lardeau district can be entered from'^he Upper Arrow lake Routes oS or from Kootenay lake, the steamer connecting with the Arrowhead ^'^^^ • branch of the C.P.R. and the Arrow lake steamers run to Comaplix and Beaton at the head of Northeast Arm. From these points w^agon roads, with stage lines, run to Camborne, the centre of the Fish river camp. From Beaton, a wagon road also extends to Trout Lake city at the head of Trout lake, and from thence a wagon road runs up Lardeau creek to Ferguson and Ten Mile. Stage lines operate between Beaton* Trout lake and Ferguson. A steamer connects Trout Lake city with Gerrard at the foot of the lake. From the latter, a branch line of the C.P.R. connects Lasdo, at the head of Kootenay lake, whence steamers run daily to Kaslo and Nelson. From these main lines of travel trails, run up the principle creeks. •58 GEOLOGICAL SUR\'EY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 3Iixix(; Geology. Fi:fw of ( belt were extensively jointed and broken. I he resulting fissures have been filled with quartz, often bearing traces or notable quan- SUMMARY REPORT 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 titles of auriferous and argentiferous sulphides. The veins have specially great width and length in the Quartzite range. A large number of these veins were sampled and studied. On account of the present lack of assays and of other preliminary aids to description, it is yet too early to present a i-eport on the economic probabilities of the quartz bodies. A fair amount of prospecting has been carried on in the belt but without such success so far as to wan-ant extensive mining development at any point. As usual elsewhei'e in British Columbia, only a negative interest has for the most part been taken by prospectors in the discoveries of low-grade auriferous veins, their attention being perforce devoted almost exclusively to the problem of finding concentrated values. This season's experience accords with that of last year in pointing to the advisability of further prospecting in the belt for low-grade gold deposits among the larger quartz veins. It also seems clear that free-milling gold is not to be expected in the vast majority of the veins. The common sulphides, chalcopyrite, pyrite, chalcocite, and galena with their decomposition products bear the precious metals. The three last mentioned sulphides occur in .small pockets or bunches in the bands of silicious marble on the head- waters of Priest river. For some years the minei'al claims of the " Copper Camp " located on the strike of this zone of crystalline liine- stone, have been much talked about by sanguine prospectors, but the showings everywhere in the " camp " are so poor that further develop- ment on the claims seems most unlikely to pay. A much brighter outlook belongs to a gold-quartz claim now being Gold-quartz of worked bv the Bavonne Mining^ Companv. The property is located on ^J^^ Bayonne , _ ^ '^ ' 1 r . Company, the extreme northern limit of the ten-mile belt, about five miles up the West Fork of Summit creek and at an altitude of about 6,900 feet above the sea. The lead consists of a three to six feet quartz vein following »a weak zone in the granite batholith. The vein occurs about two miles from the nearest contact of the granite with the schists. For a width of^ from one to twelve feet on each side of the vein, the granite is thoroughly' kaolinized and it is much decomposed outside the zones of kaolin. The ore-dump contains the greatly oxidi- zed quartz-bearing small grains of free gold, along with chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite, malachite, azurite, limonite and quartz druses. , A 300 feet tunnel and a fifty feet winze represent the state of development at the present time. It is stated that the quartz gives 8250 to the ton as the result of a\eraging six assays. It is also claimed that both tlie kaolin and the decomposed granite may be profitably worked. The abundant sulphides in the dump indicate, however, that the ore will not prove free-milling in depth. The mine has good water-power 26— 7i 100 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Occurrence of magnetite. available in the vicinity. This quartz occurrence is especially inter- esting, as gold-bearing veins in granite are very rare throughout the boundary belt so far examined. A deposit of magnetic iron ore aggregating eight feet in thickness, though interrupted by small lenses of quartzite, was noted in the structure section carried along the ridge overlooking the South Fork of the Salmon river just north of the boundary line. The deposit is interbedded with the slates and quartzites in the upper part of the great stratified series forming the main mountain range. The bed is noteworthy because of the apparent purity of the ore and on account of its mode of occurrence which suggests persistence of the ore-body along the (meridional) strike. It was found in its proper place in the stratigraphic series, though with greatly reduced thickness, as a simi- lar cross-section was made on the ridge north of Lost Creek and seven miles north of the former section. The Winisk River, Keewatin District. Mr. William Mclnnes. Country explored. Route followed. Lake St. Joseph, Osnaliurgh House. Mr. Mclnnes left Ottawa on May 22, for the purpose of making a geological examination and survey of the Winisk river,' which flows into the west side of Hudson bay about a hundred miles east of the Severn, in the District of Keewatin. As it was necessary to carry supplies for the whole summer, the route from Dinorwic sta- tion, on the Canadian Pacific Railway west of Lake Superior, was chosen as the easiest and quickest for loaded canoes. This route has been described in considerable detail by Dr. Bell in his report for the year 1886, and by other explorers, so that it will be necessary to refer to it only briefly here. Following Lake Minnitaki and the English river to Lac Seul, the latter lake is ascended north-easterly to its head and the Root river and one of its tributaries from the east are followed to the height of land between the waters flowing westerly by the English river into Lake Winnipeg and those flowing directly into James bay by the Albany river. While descending St. Joseph or Osnaburgh lake on June 13 the swamps adjoining the lake were found onlv partially thawed out and the minimum thermometer recorded 22° Fahr. on the night of the 12th, the maximum reaching 64° during the day and rising to 72° on the loth. » At Osnaburgh post, near the foot of the lake, with an elevation of about 1,200 feet above the sea, Mr. Williams, the Hudson's Bay Com- SUMMARY REPORT 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No 26 nany's agent, maintains a small garden. Owing to the sandy nature of the soil in the neighbourhood of the post, the best results could not be expected. Mr. Williams informed me, however, that barley ripened well and that potatoes, peas, beans, carrots and large onions were successfully grown, but that Indian corn was hardly filled out sutfi- ciently for table use when struck by the frost. Timothy was a splendid C!Op. From the foot of Lake St. Joseph the Albany river was followed for Albany river, about 125 miles to Fort Hope, a post of the Hudson's Bay Company situated at Eabemet lake, which lies just to the north of the Albany and discharges into it. The river for this part of its course is a suc- cession of alternating lake-like expansions and stretches of I'ough rapids, some of the latter passible only by portaging. Brook trout Brook trout. {Salmo fontinalis), from three to four pounds in weight, were caught plentifully in these rapids and sturgeon of good size are taken by the Indians all along. About Fort Hope post on Eabemet lake the soil is Fort Hope, very sandy and not well adapted for horticulture. Mr. Gordon, the postmaster has, however, successfully grown all the common garden vegetables, including vegetable marrow and potatoes, though Indian corn failed to fill out. For the past two years grasshoppers have devoured almost everything green in the garden. These locusts, whi h Locusts. Mr. E. M. Walker has identified as Melanoplus hirittatus and M. femo- ratus (Say) Burm., were found also in great numbers in open places about Weibikwei lake in latitude 52' 15' N. The Indians do no farming and the only cultivated land seen was in Horticulture, the immediate vicinity of Fort Hope post, where, in addition to the company's plots, Rev. Mr. Richards, Anglican missionary, cultivates a small garden. Lumber for building was being whipsawed into deals measuring 12" by 2" by 20 feet, from white spruce that grows plenti- fully about the lake. In order to reach the Winisk river, the route northwards from j^oute to Eabemet lake, taken l)y Dr. Bell on his trip to the Attawapiskat river in Attawapiskat 1886, was followed. At Machawaian lake, Dr. Bell's course was left '' •and the more direct route, missed by him, and leading directly to Lansdowne or Attawapiskat lake was taken. Ascending a small stream flowing into the western bay of Machawaian lake and crossing two small lakes, the route leads over the divide between the Attawa- piskat and Albany rivers by a portage 74 chains in length, traversing a muskeg or swamp with occasional ridges of ti'ansported gravel and boulders. Manitush (leech) lake, at the north end of the portage, is two miles long and discharges southerly by a small stream, barely 102 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMEXT EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Character of country. Route to Winisk river. Huronian belt. Forest growth. Weibikwei lake. navigable by canoes, into Martin-drinking river. Four portages are made on this stream before reaching Wintawanan lake, into the south- west bay of which Mud river tlows from the west. A well travelled Indian canoe-route leads up this stream by a series of large lakes to the head waters of the Attawapiskat river and to the foot of Lake St. Joseph. The Martin-drinking river though not large, is navigable by canoes (with a few portages) to its mouth in one of the southern bays of Lansdowne lake. The country traversed between the Albany and the Attawapiskat is a high, rolling plain, rising in the centre about 1,000 feet above the sea and sloping gradually to the north and south. It is characterized by large areas of muskeg; out of which rise low ridges of gneiss and also of sand and gravel. West of Machawaian lake a much higher and more broken country is seen. This, the Indians say, extends westerly, parallel with the upper course of the Albany, for a consider- able distance, is well drained and has high hills and larger timber. From the north-easterly bay of Attawapiskat lake, a small tributary brook, with three small lakes along its course, was ascended to the divide, across which a portage leads to the head waters of the Wabi- totem river, flowing into Weibikwei lake on the Winisk river. For 13 miles north of Attawapiskat lake no exposures of rock in situ were seen, the country being, for the most part, covered by sand and gravel, rising in ridges 80 to TOO feet above the level of the lakes, and with smaller areas of muskeg between. A ridge of slightly schistose, hard, chloritic diorite, specked with iron pyrites and striking east and west, is the first rock seen in situ. As the last exposure of biotite-gneiss seen was on Attawapiskat lake, 20 miles to the south, and the first to the north occurs on Mistassin lake, six miles to the north, the Huron- ian belt may be of any width within the limits thus set. Between Mistassin and Weibikwei lakes the gneiss has generally a stratiform character and lies at low ' angles, of ten nearly horizontal, the typical rock being a rather hard, red, banded, biotite-gneiss, cut by a coarse white pegmatite-like rock. The dryer parts along this route have everywhere been burned over and are now covered with a second growth of Banksian pine, white birch, poplar, spruce and tamarack. The two last mentioned occur exclusively in the muskeg areas. The distance from Fort Hope to the head of the Attawapiskat lake, by the course followed, is about 70 miles, and thence to the foot of Weibikwei lake is about 65 miles. Weibikwei lake has an extreme length of seventeen miles and is eleven miles wide. Nowhere in its SUMMARY REPORT 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 whole area, however, is there a large expanse of open water, as it is made up of several north and south channels, usually not more than half a mile wide, and about 30 feet deep, lying between long low islands of di-ift. Tlie land about the lake is depressed and the islands merely low ridges of sand, gravel and boulders lying on a sub- stratum of boulder clay. Forest fires have swept the main land excepting in a few places, Timber. where spruces re:nain. Many of these are 12 inches in diameter with trunks of 30 feet clear of branches. Tamaracks and Banksian pines of good size are found in the unburnt areas and cedars of small size fringe the shoi-e. Sturgeon and whitefish are caught in considerable numbers by the Indians, together with speckled trout, dore (or F'-'^h- pickerel), and pike. No gray trout occur in the lake. The Winisk river passes throuoh the northern end of the lake, „^. . , . ^ ^ \V inisk river, tlowing into the north-west bay and discharging from the extreme north end. Just below the first rapid a channel that diverges from the river about 15 miles above the lake, rejoins it. This chan- nel carries more than half the water of the united stream. The last white cedars were seen at the north end of the lake, and the last N'-rthern •1 1 Tj. limit of Banksian pine about half way doun its western side, and some distance Banksian to the south of the lake the last black birch*, mountain ash or rowan, l^'"*"- '■^'^• and mountain maple were passed. The Winisk, for the first eight miles belosv "Weibikwei lake, flows in Gneiss. a succession of rapids over flat-lying ledges of biotite gneiss. The Winiskisis (Little Winisk) leaves the main river at this point and flows off towards the north-east to rejoin it seventy miles below, form- ing an island of that length and fifteen or more miles in width. Thirteen miles below the head of this island, another channel, the ^ Brandies. Tabasokwia. splits ott" on the western side and flows around an island about twenty-three miles long by twelve or more in width. The descent of the river for the upper 45 miles of its course below the lake is about 7 feet to the mile, with a vertical fall at onh- one place near the foot, where the Boskineig (smoky) fall has a sheer drop of about 15 feet. Exposures of biotite granite-gneiss, striking north-westerly, occur frequently all along this part of the river. The country on both sides of the stream is low and flat, the imme- j^'^ature of diate banks rising only a few feet above the surface of the water and countrj'. gradually ascending to a general level not more than 50 feet above the bed of the river. The brule of Weibikwei lake continues and the trees on both sides are a second growth of about 30 years. * Mr. Mclii'ies examined ihis tree carefully and considers it identical with the black birch of central Ontario, Betula lenta, although thi.s region is far north of any other locality where it is known to occur. 104 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Glaciation. The low bosses of gneiss are all well glaciated in a general direction varying from south to south-west, with here and there, stria; that are probably later, having a direction of about south-east. Below Bosh- keneig fall, the banks become higher, the river flowing in a channel 8 to 10 chains wide between nearly vertical banks of till or boulder-clay. The first pleistocene marine clays containing fossil shells {Saxicava Marine claj's. rugosa) were found at this point, though stratified clays of similar character were noted for about 10 miles further south. The elevation is estimated to be about 350 feet above the sea. Last gneisses. Occasional outcrops of gneiss are seen at intervals for 15 miles further, below which point there are no exposures until the limestones of the Hudson bay basin are reached, 140 miles below. Til'.. At no place in this distance has the bed of the river been worn down to the solid rock, the great mass of boulders washed out from the thick mantle of till probably affoi'ding the necessary protection. Green fore.st. The old brule, noted above, extends only to the last ridge of gneiss. The character of the banks and of the neighbouring country is very uniform. The banks consist of an exceedingly tough, impervious boulder-clay that holds up the water and creates behind the narrow belts of trees along the immediate banks (that are drained into the river valley) a great, level plateau-like country, practically without drainage and consequently moss-covered to a great depth, and support- ing a stunted and deformed growth of black spruce and tamarack. Tributaries. Tabasokwia branch rejoins the main river from the west 68 miles below Weibik^^ei lake and the Winiskisis from the east, at 77 miles. The first tributaries of importance are the Asheweigkaiegen and the Atikameig, flowing from the south-west and south-east respectively, into an island-studded expansion about a mile wide, 94 miles from the lake. The former of these, which is slightly the larger, the West Winisk of the maps, is one chain wide and from 2 to 5 feet de:^p, with a moderate cuirent of about 2 miles an hour. Last birches and balsams. Brooks. The last balsam firs were seen here and the last white birches 10 miles down. The average width of the river is now about a quarter of a mile and the banks rise about 45 feet above it ; the country extend- ing far to the east and west of the stream is a flat, moss-covered plateau with small spruces and tamaracks scattered upon its surface. At 126 miles the river, which to this point, with a slight bend easterly,and then westerly, has kept a northerly trend, turns off" abruptly to the east and keeps that course, inclining slightly to the south for 70 miles. Near the elbow, two large brooks come in from the west, the SUMMARY REPORT 105 SESSIONAL PAPER K'o 26 Panipatowanga and the Pikwakwud. By the lower stream there is a canoe route to the Fawn branch of the Severn river. Twenty miles further on, a large brook, known as the Winoni-micheken, or fat-wier river, comes in from the north. At 9 miles below this, the river divides around an island six miles in length, known as Atik-minis. The banks have been gradually increasing in height, and are here Character about 50 feet above the river. They still preserve the same character, ^i:»»ks. presenting above high water level almost sheer walls of boulder-clay. This clay can be readily recognised as of two ages — a lower, exceedingly tough, compact till, with a great number of large boulders, and an upper, more friable, buff-coloured clay, with small pebbles and only an occasional large boulder. Marine clays of varying thickness cap these banks all along and yield many sjDecies of fossil shells. The first rocks of the Hudson bay sedimentary series are seen at Limestones .191 miles from the lake or 42 from the coast. They occur as flat- lying, fine-grained, somewhat arenaceous limestones, forming the bed of the river. Four miles below, the river breaks through a gorge of these rocks, affording a section of about 30 feet of limestones and dolomites. Fossils collected from the limestones are found by Dr. Whiteaves to gii^„.ja,j be similar to those of the Fawn branch of the Severn and of the Atta- fossils. wapiskat and Ekwan rivers and therefore Silurian. The strata occur in a succession of gentle minor undulations, but they preserve a gen- eral dip that accords closely with the slope of the river-bed, so that it is estimated that only about 70 feet in all of strata are exposed along the stream. At a point 26 miles from the mouth of the river, a compound anti- older series. clinal, whose axis strikes south 70 degrees east, brings up the upper beds of a lower set of rocks, consisting of quartzites and slates, that apparently underlie the limestones unconformably. The trend of the anticlinal would carr}' it easterly to Sutton mill lake, where rocks of the Nastapoka series were noted by Mr. Dowling in 1901, and it seems not unlikely that these Winisk beds may belong to the same series. Below the point at which these rouks occur and nearly to the mouth, ^ . '■ '' Limestone frequent exposures of nearly horizontal beds of limestone ai'e seen, clififs. forming low cliffs underlying the boulder clay. Along this part of its course, the river is about 30 chains wide, expanding in numerous places to three-quarters of a mile, with many islands. The boulder-clav banks rise to So feet above the level of the water, ^ .,,.', ^ Peat-moss, with tho same irregular layer of marine clav on top, the whole capped, 106 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT Age of trees. Routes east and west. Islands. Noithern limit uf trees Estuary. 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 where fresh sections are aflForded, by from 6 to 10 feet of sphagnum moss that shows very little evidence of decay. Back from the banks, the same moss-covered plain, with scattered spruces and tamaracks, ex- tends for long distances, probably to the next river valleys on either side. Sections of trees growing along the river showed a very small annual growth. A black spruce 10 inches in diameter was found to have 270 rings of annual growth and one 6 inches in diameter 110 rings. Two 12-inch trees growing on a dry knoll showed 120 and 148 rings, respectively. Twenty-four miles from the mouth, a river of considerable volume comes in from the east, by which there is a route to the Ekwan river. It is known to the Indians as the Mattawa. The Mishamattawa, 10 miles further down on the west side, is used as a canoe-route to the mouth of the Severn river, by way of the Shakameli river and the coast of Hudson bay. For 25 miles up from the sea, the river has an average width of about three-quarters of a mile, increasing to over a mile in places and is dotted with a continuous line of islands. These islands support a growth of large spruces, down to within 12 miles of the mouth. Below this, they are covered with grasses and small bushes, with only an occasional grove of large balsam poplars. On the mainland there is the same stunted forest down to within three miles of the sea. A level, sandy, treeless plain, sparsely covered with grasses and various other plants, forms a fringe along the coast. For the final 40 miles, the general course of the river is north-east. The eastern shore then bends eastward to form the coast line of the bay, and the west shore takes a course almost directly north for 8 miles to Wabukwinniashi or White-bear point, whence the coast trends westward. The estuary and neighbouring ports of Hudson bay are quite shallow. The receding tides, though having a fall of only about 6 feet, leave a wide margin of mud flats, studded with lai-ge boulders. Buildings The only buildings at the mouth of the river are a small log shanty that serves as a winter outpost for the Hudson's ba}'' company and a very creditable frame church built by the Roman Catholic mission at Albany, from lumber cut by whip-saws on the spot. Larch saw-flj'. Tamarack trees along the river were suffering from the depredations of a dark green worm that Dr. James Fletcher identifies from des- cription as larvae of the imported larch saw-fly (Xematus Erichsonii) that has been gradually spreading over north-eastern America. The SUMMARY REPORT 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 trees \ve»'e found to be slightly attacked about the mouth of the river on the 1st of August, the defoliation gradually increasing up river to the Tashka rapid, 192 miles from the mouth, where they were quite stripped of needles on August 13 and gradually decreasing again southwai-ds. The trees about Weibikwei lake were quite untouched on the 21st of August. The total length of the Winisk river from Weibikwei lake to the Length of sea is about 240 miles and its probable length above the lake over 100 ''i^'®''- miles. The descent from Weibikwei lake is in the neighbourhood of 700 feet. The average morning and evening temperature on the river between Tejj,,,j.rjjt^,j.e the middle of July and the 22nd of August was 57' Fahr. and the average noon temperature 69' Fahr. There was no frost until the night of the 22nd August and none of any severity till the 3rd of September, when ice was formed on standing water. The Canada grouse or " spruce partridge," ducks of many species and yj^^j^^ various waders breed along the river and a few flocks of wild geese were seen. Moose are not found beyond the southern end of Weibik- wei lake, in north latitude 52' 52'. Caribou range over the whole district. Black bears are fairly plentiful and white bears occasionally come ashore from the drift ice at White-bear point. The common fur-bearing animals occur, though be^er and otter are not plentiful. White foxes were taken last winter as far south as Lake St. Joseph. At the mouth of the W^inisk, the Indians were taking white-fish and brook trout of good size in large quantities. Further up on the river, whitefish were seen in large schools and sturgeon, dore, pike and suckers were also caught. The Indians throughout this district arc fish-eaters, depending for subsistence largely upon their nets and mecheken or trap- weirs which they build with great skill, fencing off" the smaller rivers and impounding all fish coming down with the current. The 500 Indians trading at Fort Hope, as well as those scattered christian along the river and its tributaries, are for the most part christianized- Tndians. They are divided about equally between the Anglicans and the Roman Catholics, the latter reaching the Indians by periodic visitations from the Mission at Alban}', while the former maintain a resident clergy- man at Fort Hope. Over the whole country examined, evidences of glacial action are Glaciation plain and wherever the direction of movement is indicated it is, in a general way, southerly. The transported material clearly shows, too. Fish. 108 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 by its composition, a northern origin. From Weibikwei lake for 55 miles down the Winisk river, the course of the glacial striae is about S. 30° W. with occasionally a set running 8. 15° E. On the Wabitoleni river, the movement was S. 40° W. Along the Albany river, between Fort Hope and the Opichewan, the strist? have a very regular direction, S. 68° W. Astronomical observations. Fossil shells. Fresh -water shells. The volume of water carried by the Winisk, computed from two sections across the bed of the river, made about 30 miles from the mouth, at the beginning of August, when the water was low, was estimated to be 25,000 cubic feet per second. During the summex', 35 latitudes were taken as checks on the micro- meter and track-surveys and the magnetic declination was ascertained at a number of points. On the way out a micrometer survey was made of the Albany river from Fort Hope to the Opichewan, a dis- tance of 26 miles. The Canadian Pacific Railway was reached by way of Lake Nijiigon. Brook trout of good size were caught plenti- fully in the rapids along this route. Mr. Mclnnes arrived at Ottawa on the 22 nd of September. In addition to the fossils obtained from the limestones, a collection of Pleistocene shells embracing 1 1 marine species, was made from the clays exposed along the "SViniek river, of which Dr. Whiteaves has furnished the following list : Pecten Islandicus, Muller, Mytilus edulis, L., Cardium ciliatum, (Fabricius), Seripes Groenlandicus (Gmelin), Macoma calcarea (Gmelin), Macoma Balthica, L., Mya truncata, L., Mya arenaria, L., Saxicava rugosa, L., Buccinum tenue, Gray, Buccinum. The following mollusks, determined by Dr. Whiteaves, were found living in the Winisk river : Limncea stagnalis, L., L. palutris, Muller, L. catascopium, Say, Planorbis trivolvis, S., P. bicarinatus, S., Unio luteolus. Lam,, Anodonta marginata, 8., Spherium striatum. Lam. SUMMARY REPORT 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 The Nagaoami River and other Branches of the Kenogami. Mr. W. J. Wilso7i. Following your instructions to make a topographical and geological survey of the rivers and canoe-routes which converge at Mamawemat- tawa and vicinity, I left Ottawa on May 27, accompanied by Mr. Owen O'Sullivan of this department. We proceeded to Montizarabert on the C. P. Railway, where we procured canoemen and provisions and on June 1 we started for our headquarters at the Hudson's Bay company's post at Mamawemattawa, taking with us in three canoes nearly all the supplies we required for the summer. We followed a hitherto unsur- veyed route by White lake, over the height of land and down the Nagagami river, a distance of 208 miles, reaching the English river post of the Hudson's bay company on June 20. Mr. E.E. Vincent, who is in charge of the post, kindly stored our provisions and gave us every [o^^jamawl- facility in his power for carrying on our work. mattawa. Two of* the Indians whom we engaged at Montizambert for the season's work would not remain in our servdce, and we were obliged to hire others to fill their places. This was not easily done, as all the good men were engaged " voyaging " for the company. We were unable to start at once on a long trip, as the Indians were awaiting the arrival of the first boat from Albany with supplies and clothing, so we spent the first week in making a micrometer survey of the lower part of the Nagagami river. After securing a full ci^ew, we set out on June 30 to make a survev Routes and examination of the Little Current river, a western branch of the ■"''^''^'^J'''^ • Kenogami, which we followed for about 180 miles*. After returning to the post for supplies we separated into two parties, Mr. O'Sullivan making a track survey of the Drowning river, another western branch of the Kenogami which he examined for 135 miles, while I made a micrometer survey of the Kabinakagami river a distance of 75 miles up to the portage across to the Mattawisquia river an affluent of the Missinaibi. I also made a track-survey of the large eastern branch of the Kabinakagami which I named Ridge river. We came back to the Hudson's. bay company' post on August 20, when we repaired our canoes and prepared for our return journey. W^e were delayed some days on account of the difficulty of getting canoemen. The Indians at this time of year are getting ready for their winter's hunt, and as they could not get back before the second *The distances along rivers given in this report follow the curves of the streams. 110 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 week in October, they did not care to undertake the journey. They were also afraid that in returning they might ha^•e trouble in crossing the lakes at the height of land, as in some years these lakes are said to freeze over by October 1, or earlier. We left on August 31 and continued the micrometer survey of the Nagagami river from the point where we turned back in June up to the source of the river in Obakamiga lake ; thence over the height of land into Big Rock lake, down Gum river, White river and Natama- sagami lake, connecting with the Canadian Pacific Railway at the bridge over White river, one mile and a half west of Montizambert station. This was completed on September 28, when we left for Ottawa which we reached the following day. THE LITTLE CURRENT RIVER. General The Little Current is a branch of the Kenogami river and description, g^ters the latter about fourteen miles south of the Forks or its junc- tion with the Albany. In a general way, it runs parallel to the Al- bany its course being east-north-east except in one or two stretches where it flows almost due east. It is five chains wide at the mouth and about eight feet deep. Further up where it runs over flat dolo- mite strata, it is broader and at low water is so shallow that it will scarcely float canoes. There, is a strong current nearly all the way with numerous rapids, often obstructed by large boulders. It flows through a comparatively flat country, no hills of any importance having been seen, until the lakes near its source were reached. Like all the rivers flowing through the great costal plain to the west of James bay, the Little Current has no distinct valley, but flows in a canal-like ditch until the gneissic rocks are reached, when the channel becomes' narrower and the adjacent country higher and more rolling. The clay banks in places rise fifty feet above the river, but generally they are much lower, usually ranging from five to ten feet. Along the river on both sides, there is a strip of well drained fertile soil on which is growing, when not destroyed by fire, fair-sized trees of spruce, poplar, balm of Gilead, tamarack, canoe-birch, and balsam-fir with mountainmaple and numerous shrubs and small plants. In some places this strip is only a few chains wide, while in others it goes back a quarter of a mile or more. Beyond or inland from this the soil is covered with a deep layer of peaty moss saturated with cold water, the forest growth being open stunted spruce and tamarack. The temperature of a small stream trickling from this muskeg was 36° Farh. in July, while the water in the river was 70° Farh. From per- SUMMARY REPORT 1 1 1 SESSIONAL PAPER No 26 sonal observation and from information furnished by the Indians who Large areas hunt on this river I infer that this is the character of the greater part " '""^ *^^' of the country underlain by the dolomite. Where the rocks are Archaean the land is better drained and therefore moi'e suitable for agricultural purposes. It is also better wooded, spruce trees reaching a diameter of two feet or more. Unfortunately, considerable areas have been burned at different times, so that small dense second growth covers much of the ground, the trees avei'aging from four to twelve inches in diameter. Above the contact of the Paheozoic and Archaean rocks the river is Portages. narrower, and for fifteen miles rapids are common. In this distance there are ten portages, and as this part of the river is not much used by the Indians, the portage ti'ails could scarcely be followed and. we wei'e obliged to clear them all afresh in order to get our canoes over. In some places the i-iver runs in narrow gorges through the gneiss which forms steep walls thirty to forty feet high, the river itself being less than a chain wide. The uppermost portage is past a fall twenty- four feet high divided into two drops of equal height. It is also divided in the middle by an island. Above this fall, to the lake, Percy river is broader and deeper with slack water. Twenty -five miles up, a branch two and a half chains wide enters from the north forming part of a canoe-route to the Albany river and at eighty-five miles the largest tributary enters from the south. It is three and a half chains wide at the mouth and four feet deep, but at this point the current is rather slow. This branch forms a canoe-route to Long Lake House and is described as a very rapid river with many portages. Where this stream enters, the main river is over six chains wide (435 ft.). There are also many smaller branches entering from both sides. At 120 miles from the mouth the river opens out into Pei-cv lake. Percy lake eight miles long and one and a half wide. The longer axis has an east and west direction and the lake x*eceives two streams of nearly equal size, one at the extreme west and the other at one mile to the east. We ascended the latter, which flows from the south, making ■ a micrometer survey for six miles, but we found progress so slow by this method that we decided to abandon it and make only a track- survey. Mr. O'Sullivan, who did this work, reports as follows : ' From the end of the micrometer survey there are three miles of rapid water, then a narrow lake five miles long. Tliis is followed by four miles of slack water to another lake, also five miles long and one mile wide. Above this, the river has a slow current for two miles to its source in a large circular lake, six miles across, with a deep bay to the south-east. All this country is rocky and swampy and was burned 112 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 probably fifty years ago. It is now covered with a second growth of poplar, spruce, canoe-birch and Banksian pine, the trees being from four to eight inches in diameter. About nine miles south-west from the outlet of the last lake, a comparatively high mountain stands out prominently.' Impure dolomite. Fossils Archaa.!! rocks. GEOLOGY OF LITTLE CURRENT RIVER. In ascending the river, the first rock exposure is two and a half miles above the mouth. It is a soft, argillaceous, reddish-brown dolomite, often interlaminated with beds of a greenish-gray colour and sometimes the rock is a mottled mixture of the two colours. It is seen in frequent outcrops for twenty miles up the river, and resembles very closely the rock found in ascending the Kapiskau river*. As far as ex- amined these I'ocks yielded no fossils. Farther up, the rock is harder and varies in colour from a whitish-yellow to an olive-green. In places these rocks are highly fossilifei'ous and as complete a collec- tion as time would permit was made. Dr. Whiteaves and Mr. Lambe have made a cursory examination of this collection and refer the rocks to the Cambro-Silurian and Silurian periods. A list of these fossils with a description of the localities will be given in the detailed report. Eighty miles from the mouth there is an outcrop of hornblende granitite, extending across the river for ten chains, in a series of knobs mostly covered at high water. Above this, fossiliferous dolomites and limestones extend for four miles. The first large exposure of Lauren tian age is at the eighty-eighth mile, where a gray granite-gneiss outcrops. The dip is IST. 1 5^ W. < 65\ This is followed by rusty- weathering, garneti- ferous gneiss interfoliated with diorite-gneiss and in places with finely banded syenite-gneiss and mica schists. The last mentioned sometimes form a considerable portion of the rock. These rocks are generally well foliated and strike nearly east and west and dip north, at an angle of from 30° to 50°. They contain numerous veins of quartz- pegmatite, and coarse and fine grained diabase. Some of the pegmatite veins are almost pure red or white orthoclase. This is the general cha- racter of the rocks as far as the micrometer survey was carried. South of this, Mr. O'Sullivan reports : ' Laurentian rocks consisting of fine- grained granite-gneiss and mica-schist extend to the second lake. The rocks on the south-east shore of this lake are mostly massive mica- schists of Huronian tjrpe. The only two exposures on the opposite shore of the lake are a garnetiferous, muscovite-granite. The shore and * Summary Keport Geol. Surv. Can. of 1902, p. 222. SUMMARY REPORT 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No 26 numerous islands of the third lake are very rocky. Massive' biotite- schists and basic diorites, containing quartz A-eins, form cliffs in places thirty feet high.' THE BIG DEOWNIXG RIVER. Mr. O'Sullivan, who surveyed the Big Drowning river, reports as follows : — ' The Drowning river runs parallel to the Little Current for seventy- five miles. It is six chains wide and averages three feet in depth. Its waters are swift, with a number of shallow rapids over dolomite ledges which had to be waded in getting our canoes up. The strongest of these has a fall of ten feet in half a mile, ' Seventy-five miles from its mouth, the river divides into two branches of nearly equal size, the or e from the west, named the Kaha- pimegat, forming a canoe-route to Long lake. This branch which is very crooked and three chains wide, flows through a low swampy country for fifty miles ; then the land rises gently for ten miles, when it becomes broken, high and rolling. Six portages were made to the 135th mile, from which I turned back. 'There are three elm groves near the mouth of the river, then for Purest twenty-five miles, the banks are well wooded with spruce, poplar, growth. canoe-birch, tamarack, balsam fir and Banksian pine, the trees being from four to- eighteen inches in diameter. From the twenty-fifth to the fifty-fifth mile the country was over-run by fire some fortv years ago and now a thick second growth of poplar and canoe-birch is seen. The woods along the Kahapimegat up to the ninetieth mile are much the same as those on the lower part of the Drowning river, some of the trees having a diameter of twenty inches. These larger trees extend onh' from twelve to fifteen chains back from the river: when the edge of the inland muskeg is reached. From the ninetieth to the 102nd mile the country was burned over some twenty years ago ; thence good mixed timber covers the loamy soil as far as the river was followed. ' High clay banks extend for a distance of thirty miles from the mouth and attain in places a height of fifty feet. 'The first rock in situ occurs five miles up, where a soft reddish- Siluiian brown argillaceous dolomite, lying almost horizontal is seen. The same '"*^'^'^''- rock is frequently met with between the eighteenth and thirtieth miles, banded with lavers of a grayish colour. Fossiliferous rocks 26—8 114 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 extend from the thirty-fifth to the forty-second mile and the fossils collected indicate that the formation is Silurian. Rusty-weathering dolomite, carrying a considei-able amount of iron was noticed in this stretch. ISTo rock exjDosures were seen between the forty-second and the 119th mile. At the latter distance a mass of reddish-gray pegma- tite-granite extends across the river. From this point to the end of the survey, a distance of fifteen miles, many exposures of Laurentian rocks were seen. Granite-gneiss,vinterlaminated with basic bands and a pegmatite-granite predominate. The general strike is N. 40° E. The dip is irregular but usually at a high angle.' THE KEBINAKAGAMI RIVER. The Ivebinakagami river enters the Kenogami at Mammawemattawa, near the Post of the Hudson's Bay Company, in latitude 50" 2-5'. In a general way, its course is north-westerly as far as it was surveyed. It receives several branches, chiefly from the east, as there is only a short distance between it and the Nagagami river on the west. At a distance of thirty miles up, the two rivers are only a mile and a half apart. The largest branch enters at one mile from the moutli. For a considerable distance the Kebinakagami is from two to three chains wide, with slack water except in a few places. The clay banks are from 10 to 30 feet high. Farther up, where the dolomite comes to the our^ Thirteen miles faee, the river is wider and in consequence shallow. From the forty- of almost con- seventh to the sixtieth mile, the bed of the river is mostly a flat dolo- tinuons raind. . mite rock. In this distance, the stream is almost a continuous rapid, where it is impossible to pole canoes up and unsafe to run coming down on account of the smooth rock, shallow water and numerous boulders. In order to pass the worst places the men require to wade and drag the canoes up or lower them down slowly. At sixty-two miles up, the first outcrop of gneiss is seen and here the first portage is made. From this point to the portage across to the Mattawisquia, five portages are made to pass rapids and chutes. The first is half a mile long, but all the others are short.- Soil and The soil is the' usual clay -loam and where drained is of excellent forest. quality, but on the lower part of the river the land is so flat that there is little drainage, and muskeg prevails away from the banks. This con- tinues up to the gneissic rocks, when the land is higher and the soil drier, though there are still considerable areas of swamp. For twenty miles up the river, the country was over-run by fire in 1901, and excej^t small clumps of green woods in places along the stream, there is nothing standing except bare trunks of trees, and the country presents a most SUMMARY REPORT 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 desolate appearance. South of this burnt area, a second growth, probably fifty years old, covers the ground up to the first portage, and above this a recent fire has swept almost everything bare for three or four miles. Then follows green woods of small growth as far as the river was ex- amined. The large branch emptying into the Kebinakagami, one mile from -pij^ j-ii(]o-e its mouth, I have named the Ridge river. I made a rough track-survey I'^er. of this stream for forty miles. Its general course is west and it resembles very closely the lower part of the other rivers examined in this region. It varies in width from two to three chains and has . numerous rapids blocked with boulders. No rock exposui*es were seen, the banks being till and clay, containing marine shells. The water was so shallow that it was impossible to take a canoe beyond the forks from which I turned back. At this point the river divides about equally, the south branch extending a long distance up to a lake. This can be reached by canoes in high water. The other branch Hows from the north-east and is not so long. I was not able to get a good sketch-map of these branches from the Indians, as none of them seemed to know the routes sufliciently well. The whole country drained by this river was burned, as far up as the forks by the fire of 1901, and only a few green trees are left. The forest growth on l)oth these ri\er.s is the same as that on the Little Current river. GEOLOGY OF THE KEBINAKA(iAMI RIVER. In ascending the Kebinakagami I'iver, the first solid rock is met with at the twenty-first mile from the mouth, and is the reddish-brown and greenish-gray argillaceous dolomite found on adjacent rivers. This rock is seen in a few exposures for the next twenty miles. South of this there are many outcrops of a brownish and light-yellow dolomite stained in places with iron and presenting an ochry appearance. The fossils collected from these rocks show that they belong to the Silurian system. The contact between the Paljeozoic and Archaean rocks is be- tween the sixty-first and sixty-second miles. At the latter a mass of Contact of dark sj'enite-gneiss, interfoliated with layers of lighter colour and finer j(j*\^°j'! . texture, crosses the river where the first jDortage is required. The dip rocks is S. 40 'E. < 30", but at the south end of the portage, half a mile dis- tant, the dip is S. 20''E. ;t. From this southward to Natamasagami lake, the rocks ai'e granite- biotite-schist, syenite, mica-diorite-gneiss, garnetiferous pegmatite, granitite, syenite-gneiss, quartz-syenite-porphyry, aplite, etc. The strike varies considerably, but is generally nearly east and west and the dip is usually at a high angle or vertical. The gneisses are frequently cut by dykes of pegmatitie, quartz and diabase. A good example of the latter is seen at a short portage north of Jackpine portage where a SUMMARY REPORT li9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 dyke, eight feet wide, cuts the gneiss at a small angle, and stands out very prominently. The rocks, as far as seen, on the east shore of Natamasagami lake are granite and biotite-gneiss for a considerable distance from the north end of the lake, but beginning about seven miles from Montizambert, for over three miles south the rocks are hornblende schist, acidic tuff, and basic hornblende-porphyrite. The Silurian rocks extend, in a general way, about fifty miles south Geological of the English river post, as seen on the Kebinakagami and Naga- divisions. gami rivers and about eighty-five miles west on the Little Current. South and west of this the Laurentian gneisses and granite occupy a large area. A narrow band of Huronian crosses the Nagagami river at the Three Portages, and a small area of the same age occurs on Natamasagami lake, and another on O'Sullivan lake at the head- waters of the Little Current. Fossiliferous clay, holding slender forms of saxicava ruyosa, was Glaciation found along the lower parts of all the rivers surveyed. Boulder clay underlies this Leda clay and contains the same kinds of boulders as were enumerated last year.* Strife were noted on the Nagagami route, the Little Current and other rivers. There are two principal courses, S. 20° E. and S. •20" to 40° W. The evidence of southward movement is unmistakable. TIMBER AND FAUNA. Several groves of elm and black ash were noted in the area ex- amined. With these exceptions the trees and the smaller plants are mostly the same as those mentioned in my report of last year, p. 239. The folloAving animals are hunted for their fur in this region : musk- rat, marten, mink, beaver, otter, ermine, fisher, lynx, fox, bear and wolverine, and for food, moose, caribou and Virginia deer. The principal fish are sturgeon, whitefish, pike, pickerel, speckled trout and suckers. Mr. Vincent informed me that sturgeon are fairly plentiful and are caught at English river post up to six feet in length ; those four feet long are common. Speckled trout are very abundant, especially in the Nagagami and Little Current rivers. They rise to the flj" freelv and average seventeen inches in length. A small collection of insects was made, a list of which will be pub- lished later. Among the butterfiies is Papilio machon L. var. Alaska * Summary Report Geol. Surv., Can., 1902, )). 226. 120 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Insecfci. Scudder. Dr. James Fletcher, Dominion Entomologist, says as far as he is aware this species has not been taken elsewhere than in Northern British Columbia and Alaska. Mr. Owen O'SuUivan, as formerly, rendered valuable assistance and did his work most satisfactorily. We are indebted to Mr. E. E. Vincent, English river post (at Mammawemattawa) for aid in our work, as acknowledged on a former page, and to Mr. S. B. Barrett, in charge of the Hudson's Bay Company's post at Montizambert for kind hospitality. The Temaoami District. Dr. A. E. Barlow. Office work by Dr. A. E. Barlow. Progress of rep l*^^'- Robert Bell, as his assistant. Only two months of the summers of ,1887 and 1888 were devoted to this work, and by far the greater por- tion of this time was occupied in some of the many topographical detailed surveys necessary in a region concerning which but little had hitherto been known. The geology done was merely incidental, and • necessarily subordinate in a way to the topographical survey, but as many observations regarding the nature and distribution of various rock-formations were made as was possible in reconnaissance work of this kind. In the survey of Temagami lake, one of the bands of iron formation Discovery was noticed on the Louis islands in the Southwest arm, and the f j.'m°U n characteristics of the outcrop were described.* The occurrence of * Annual Report, Geol. Surv., Can., Vol. X. (N.S.), 1899, p. 151, I. ; (Publication No. 672). 124 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 magnetite on Temagami island in association with pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite, was also noticed.! In 1888 this topographical work was continued, as was also the geological reconnaissance, and a number of the more important lakes and streams in the vicinity of Temagami were thus surveyed and examined. During the progress of these, the occurrence of iron ore was noticed on Vermilion lake,* and a belt of jasper and iron interbanded with one another was described as out- cropping near the west end of Turtle lake. The full importance of these discoveries, however, was not at first realized, but renewed activity in iron mining and more complete descriptions of the Lake Superior occurrences turned attention to our own iron formations. The report, therefore, of the discovery of these iron formations, and the communi- cation of the fact to the Bureau of Mines of Ontario, in the autumn of 1899, should have been accompanied by some such statement as the preceding one. The prospectors went into the field with the Geologi- cal Survey maps in their pockets, and in possession of the knowledge that in the localities specified and shown on the maps iron-bearing formations were known to outcrop. To Daniel O'Connor of Sudbury, the veteran prospector, belongs much of the credit for the tracing out of most of these iron formations, while at the same timB his earnest and persistent advocacy of their economic importance has been one of the most powerful factors in directing public attention to them. Reix)itby The first detailed report of the Temagami iron ranges is that MilLi^^ ^^ written by Prof. W. G. Miller,: but as explained by the author, 'as the Director of the Bureau of Mines was anxious to have the report published as earl}?^ as possible, time was not permitted, through pressure of other duties during the winter, for the making of a careful examin- ation of all the specimens collected while in the field. It was thought, moreover, that a description of this material would find a more fitting place in a future and more detailed report.' Pressure of other work, however, has no doubt prevented Professor Miller from giving this further information and much more detailed areal geological mapping * will be necessary before any authoritative and complete account of the relations of these iron ranges and their geological associates can be written. Four distinct In the Temagami district there are four separate iron ranges, known iron ranges ^S follows :— in lamagana district. 1. Northeast arm range. 2. Vermilion range. 3. Ko-Ko Ko range. 4. Austen Bay range. + Annual Report. Geol. Surv., Can., Vol. X. (N.S.), 1899, pp. 144 and 152, I. * Annual Report, Geol. Surv., Can., Vol. X. (N.S.), 1899. pp. 145 and 1.52, I. t Annual Rejiort, Bureau of Mines, Ont.. 1901, p. 160. SUMMARY REPORT 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 The iron ore in all of these ranges, thus far encountered, is a siHcions Maj^netic magnetite interbanded with variously coloured jasper and chert. In ^f magnetite- some instances a small proportion of hematite is present, but this verv bearing -, , • 1 i" Jaspilyte. seldom exceeds 25 per cent of the whole. Some of the richer bands contain as high as 55 per cent of metallic- iron, but these are excep- tions, although large quantities of ore could be secured which would average between -10 and 45 per cent. This association of the magne- tite and silicia is extremely intimate, and even the richest portions of the bands contain a high percentage of this latter mineral. It is pos- sible, however, to bring this ore to Bessemer grade by magnetic con- centration, a^ shown by J. Walter Wells.* A specimen of an average sample showing 42-89 per cent metallic iron was crushed to 0"10 of an inch, and finer, and passed through a magnetic separator. The ' heads ' or first concentrates show 57*28 per cent of metallic iron. These ' heads ' when passed through the separator a second time gave a product which assayed 65-20 per cent of metallic iron. In the many assays made no titanium dioxide has been found and only an average of about 0-01 per cent sulphur and 0-02 per cent of phosphorus. None of the higher grade secondary deposits of hematite have yet been discovered, but very little has been done in the prospecting of these ranges except their delimitation at the surface. Extensive stripping, together with the digging of test-pits, as well as diamond drilling, will be undertaken by some of the owners of the mining locations as soon as the railway reaches the shores of Temagami, which will be about the begirming of June next year. A geological map has been prepared on a scale of 40 chains to an Geological inch, and will accompany this volume which will show the outlines of "''''^P- both the Northeast arm and Vermilion iron ranges, as well as the distribution of the various associated rocks. The Northeast arm range has received more attention and study. Limits of not only because of its proximit}^ to the projected Ontario government \rni iron'^ railway, but also because, in extent and geological association it is one range. of the most promising. The iron formation proper of this range, or the silicious iron ores with their interlaminated jasper, starts about one-tenth of a mile west of the north end of Crooked or Snake Island lake, and passing beneath the waters of Turtle lake, ends in a swamp about 14 chains from the Tetapaga river. The whole band, there- fore, is nearly 5-| miles long. In this distance it varies in width from 200 to 500 feet. The Vermilion range, commencing a little to the east of Vermilion jr^j^fjt ,^- lake, runs in a south-westerly direction for about three miles to the Vtrujilion ]_ iron ranjre. * Annual Report, Bureau of Mines, Ont.. 1903, p. 336. 126 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTilENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Preliminary examinations of Ko-Ko Ko and Austen Bay iron ranges. Conclusion by Van Hise. Metamor- jiliisni of original iron- bearing rocks. west of Iron lake. To the northeast it is interrupted by a mass of greenstone, while the western end passes beneath the drift. It cannot extend much further in this direction, as a tongue of granite comes in a short distance west of this lake. The widest portion just south of Iron lake measures over 1,000 feet. m Preliminary examinations of the Ko-Ko Ko and Austen Bay ranges were made, and both apparently occupy a similar geological horizon. The Ko-Ko Ko range is famous for the brilliancy of colour of the associated jaspers, while the Austen Bay band contains only a small amount of this mineral, being replaced to a great extent by darker and duller coloured chert. The Austen Bay band is much broken up by later intrusions, chieliy diabase and granite. The conclusions reached by Professor Van Hise and his associates, after their detailed examination of the Minnesota and Michigan iron ranges, is that a cherty iron-bearing carbonate is the chief original rock from which the iron-bearing formations and ore bodies have been pro- duced. It is stated by Professor Van Hise that iron sulphide has con- tributed by its decomposition to the formation of these ores, but not to any large extent. Dr. Bell has sho\\Ti* that there "is little doubt the great mass of hematite at the Helen mine in the Michipicoten dis- trict, has resulted from the local decomposition and alteration of the carbonate of iron, mostly in quartzose and cherty layers, which occurs as a wide belt, traceable in the unaltered form, both east and west of the hematitemass. On thesurfaceof the hill, where oxidation of thesiderite has progressed inwards about half an inch, leaving that amount of brown hematite, it is found that grains of pyrite, which were scattered through the siderite, still remain unaltered, going to show that pyrites is changed with comparative slowness. This cherty iron-bearing carbon- ate is found in connection with the whole of the Lake Superior iron ranges, with the exception of the Mesabi, svhere iron silicate has evidently been the source of the ore. The changes, or metamoi^phism, in connection with these occurrences, and the production of bodies of iron have been mainly along two lines : 1st. The j^roduction of amphi- bolitic and magnetitic quartz-rocks or schist, and occasionally also pyroxenic and chrysolitic rocks. These are the products of deep-seated metamorphism in connection with igneous intrusion. No workable ore bodies have yet been found in connection with rocks thus altered. ■2nd. The development of ferruginous slates, ferruginous cherts, jaspilytes and ore bodies. These rocks are characteristic of the belt of weathering, but in many cases the production of the jasper has required * Summary Rep. Geol. Sur. for lUOO, page 116. bUMMAKY liKPOUT 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 two stages : namely, first, the formation of the ferruginous slates and Uevelopmeiit cherts in the belt of weathering, and secondly, dehydration when the and^ore ^ *^ formations were deeply buried. In some cases the bodies are due to lj'"^ies. the oxidation of the carbonate of iron in place, but all the facts point unmistakably to the conclusion that the final and most important step in the production of the ore bodies was secondary enrichment by downward percolating waters below crests or slopes, where such waters were conveyed by the sloping troughs. The waters which followed the more circuitous routes carried iron carbonate ; those more directly from the surface which did not pass through iron carbonate, bore oxygen. The two waters mingled and precipitated the iron oxide. Continuing, the waters ascended, and escaped, bearing the silica to be deposited elsewhere below the valleys.* Studies of the Temagami occurrences have not yet gone far enough Chcrty carlio- to justify any very definite conclusion, but the fact that outcrops of a f^f,^,^^^ „"!*'" cherty carbonate have been found in the area immediately west of Iron Iron lake. lake seems to throw somelight on the question of the origin of these occur- rences. A specimen of this, examined by Mr. Donald Locke, assayer to this department, showed iron 35-67, silica 24: -95, sulphur 0 01, phos- Analysis. phorus 0' 022, with no titanium. The information already obtained seems to show rather clearly that, in the main, at least, the conclusions reached in regard to the origin of the iron formation and iron ores of Michigan and Minnesota will apply to the occun-ences in the vicinity of Temagami. f The work of the past summer has shown clearlyf that the iron form- ir,,n forma- ations of this area beUmg to a much older series than what has hitherto J,\°"h o^^f ^° been described as Huronion in this district. On the geological map .series than . , , , ^ ■, . hitherto by Dr. Barlow the area occupied by the JS ortheast arm iron range supposed. is shown as occurring in the slate or middle member of the Huronian. This is incorrect. On the contrary the iron range with accompanying green schists, slates, dolomites and schistose eruptives, and intruded by granites, belong to a series which had been intensely folded, meta- morphosed and considerably eroded before the deposition of the over- lying conglomerate hitherto described as the basal member of the Huronian system in this region. The larger fragments in the conglo- merate are principally pebbles of granite and greenstone derived from the degradation of this underlying series. The immediate junction Unconform- between this older series and the unconformably overlying conglome- f^l^ contact •' ,/ o CT oetween lower rate is well seen at a point on the south shore of the Northeast arm and upper Huronian. * " Iron Ore Deposits of the Lake Superior Region." Twentv-first Ann-ial Re])ort r.S.G.S., 1899-190U, Part III, pp. 418, 419. t In D\\ Barlow's opinion. 128 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Location of line of junc- tion between lower and upper Huronian. Geological sequence. Character of rocks of lower Huronian. Quartz por- phyries and porphy rites. about fifteen chains west of the portage into Cariboo lake. Thence the line of junction runs in a northwesterly direction a little to the east of Farr's cabin, situated on the parcel of land known as Block A. Crossing the northeast corner of the lot marked on the map J. S. 5, it reaches the eastern limit of mining location W. D, 343, about five chains north of Snake Island lake. Here the junction between the two formations is vei-y well seen on a small hill over which the east line of the location runs. This hill was stripped of the overlying moss and turf and a photograph taken, which shows this unconformity verj'^ plainly. A short distance from this point the line of junction turns abruptly to the east and with this general direction reaches White Bear lake at the rocky point a quarter of a mile north of Francois White-Bear's house. Here the conglomerate rests on a much fissured and squeezed greenstone, the latter rock forming the extreme point jutting out into White Bear lake. The relationship between the two rocks is ever3^where distinct, the conglomerate dipping at an angle of from 1 2 to 20 degrees in a southerly and southeasterly direction, while the foliation of the underlying schists shows highly inclined dips to the northwest, ranging in angle fi'om 60 degrees to nearly vertical. The geological sequence in this area is therefore as follows : — Lower Huronion* : —Greenstone, green schist, sericite schists, slates, dolomite and iron formation with intrusive granites. Upper Huronian* : — Breccia or slate-conglomerate, slate, quartzite. The schistose rocks of the Lower Huronian may be divided into the paler coloured and more acid varieties, which are deformed quartz- porphyries or porphyrites, and the more deeply coloured or basic schists resvilting from the shearing of hornblende porphyrites, basalts and diabases. The extreme deformation of the more acid types pro- duce sericite schists, which reveal little or no trace of their original structure. In places, however, the hand specimens secured showed clearly that they have resulted from the shearing and alteration of quartz-porphyries or quartz-porphyrites. In colour they are generaly pale yellowish green, although occasionally mottled with purplish, reddish or yellowish tints. In some cases the original phenocrysts are still microscopically apparent, chiefly feldspar in yellowish, reddish, or moi'e rarely, pale greyish colours. The least altered variety of these porphyries shows the usual more or less rounded phenociysts of quartz, together with orthoclase and oligoclase, embedded in a ground-mass which varies considerably in texture from being a finally cryptocr3^s- talline to moderately coarse-grained micro-granitic. The quartz pheno- cryst exhibits characteristic invasions and inclusions of the ground- * I^ocally so called. SUMMARY REPORT 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 mass. Bv progressive steps this structui-e is gradually effaced until in the extreme schistose vai'ieties nothing remains but comparatively coarsely granular quartz, sericite and calcite. Some of the more massive types have undergone considerable decomposition, and the original phenoci-ysts of feldspar can with difficulty be separated from the equally weathered ground-mass. These more acid types pass into porphyrites which contain little or no quartz. Some of the areas now occupied by chlorite and epidote suggest the original occurrence of hornblende. Iron ore, always ilmenite, either partially or completely altered to leucoxene, is also present in considerable quantities, while calcite or dolomite is always abundant. Such rocks are of a deeper green colour and are the immediate associates of the iron formation, forming steeply pitching troughs in which the iron formation is enclosed. Some of the defoi'med greenstones have evidently been formed at or Hornblende near the surface, for patches of the thin sections still show the micro- porphyrite. granitic ground-mass characteristic of a porphyrite, passing into areas where the ophitic or diabasic structure prevails. The resulting rocks are a hornblende porphyrite and uralitic diabase. Some of the asso- Diabase and ciated green schists are deformed basalts. All of these have suffered ^^^^^*- greatly as a result of shearing and decomposition, so that the comjDonent minerals in most cases show the extreme of alteration. Associated with the sericite schists, and interbanded with them, Slates on .1 • 1 1 i. 1 • -1 Beaver and are some greenish gray, or grayish, slaty rocks occurring . mainly on Tetepao-a Beaver and Tetepaga lake. They show the development of mica on l^^^''- the cleavage planes, with bands of varying colour. In places, also, some dark-gray bituminous or graphitic shales occur. These were noticed along the northern border of the iron range of the Northeast arm, especially near the eastern end. A band of dolomite, fairly continuous, extends from Ferguson mine Band of point to nearh' the end of the Northeast arm. It is generally of a '^o'^mite. pale, greenish-gray colour and very silicious. The quartzose impuri- ties are arranged in nari'ow, vein-like forms, which reticulate in all directions through the mass, so that when subjected to ordinary wea- thering processes these stand out in relief, leaving irregular, hollow interspaces. This band weathers to a deep orange yellow, thus rend- ering it very conspicuous. All of these rocks in the vicinity of the Northeast arm have a oip of rocks prevailing dip in a northwesterly direction, at an angle of seldom less ^\ Northeast than -50 degrees and usually varying from 65 degress to vertical. It is believed this prevailing dip is occasioned by a series of monoclinal folds, which have undergone extensive truncation. The iron formation. 26—9 130 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT Dykes of olivine diabase. Lower Huronian granite. Upper Huronian previously described. 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 judging by the magnetic observations, extends to considerable depths below the surface and probably occupies a series of steeply pitching troughs with impervious bases formed of the schistose rocks. Cutting these rocks at various angles are dykes of olivine diabase. The oldest set of these dykes cuts the sericite schists but they have been subjected to similar deformation and decomposition. The examination, therefore, of the thin sections gives very little information regarding their original structure and mineralogical composition. A second set cuts across the foliation of the sericite schists, but has not been sub- jected to the severe stresses which have metamorphosed the enclosing rocks. They show, however considerable decomposition, and have not been noticed cutting the overlying conglomorate. Still a third set of precisely similar mineralogical composition cuts even the overlying slate-conglomerate. This olivine diabase is very fresh and typical. The presence of these dykes is considered a favourabla sign, as in favourable attitudes elsewhere they often form, with the enclosing rocks, impervious basins for the collection of the secondary deposits of iron oxide. The granite associated with the Lower Huronian cuts the green- stones and green schists, and is therefore later than these. It, however, furnishes most of the pebbles in the conglomerate at the base of the Upper Huronian. This granite is extensively developed along the south shore of Net lake in the vicinity of the Narrows. It varies greatly in texture and mineralogical composition, is gneissic in places and porphyritic in others. It is prevailingly a biotite granite or granitite, but the borders are more basic and contain considerable hornblende in addition to the biotite. There is no need here for a description of the Upper Huronian, as it has already been fully described in a former report on this district.* EXPLORATION FOR IRON ORE. General rules rpj^^ following general rules will perhaps be of value in exploring in exploration these iron ranges and may be helpful in suggesting some of the prin- ' ciples which should guide those in charge in their search for the secondary deposits of iron ores, which some believe, will yet be found. They have been taken from Yan Hise's monograph ' On the Iron Deposits of the Lake Superior Region.'! L Exploration should first be directed to outlining accurately the iron-bearing and adjacent formations on a fairly large scale with *See Annual Report, Geol. Surv.. Can.. Vol. X, Part I, p. 95 et seq. tSee Annual Report, U. S. G. S., 1899-1900, Tart III, p. 421. SUMMARY REPORT 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 structure sections. This should be aided by a magnetic survey, especially of the iron formation itself. [This has already been done over part of the Northeast arm iron range and has given very gratifying results.] 2. Exploration should be confined to the iron-bearing formations with but few limitations. 3. Exploration should be confined to the parts of the iron-bearing formation showing ferruginous slate, cheijt and jaspilite. The presence of interbanded hematite is favourable to the existence of ore deposits. Even distribution of the iron oxide is an unfavourable sign, and uneven distribution a favourable sign. 4. Thick and pure iron foi'mations are more likely to carry workable deposits of ore. Formations less than 100 feet in thickness have rarely yielded deposits of value. The presence of many layers of interlaminat- ed material, such as slate or interbedded igneous rock, is unfavourable to the presence of merchantable ore deposits. However, this also has its limitation, as the broader bands of such formation may contain workable bodies. 5. The contacts of the iron-bearing formation, especially those at the bottom, are likely to be fruitful in ore. 6. The presence of an impervious formation in contact with the iron range is especially valuable. Such impervious base may be made up of slate, schist, or greenstone, or any combination of these with cross dj^kes. 7. Pitching troughs, or even pitching folds, are favourable to the deposition of large secondary deposits of iron oxide. 8. The more shattered and broken the iron formation, the more favourable is this to the production of ores. 9. In reference to topography, the favourable places for exploration are usually the minor depressions on the slopes of elevations. 10. Exploration should at first be shallow. Stripping and test pits should be sunk before resorting to the more expensive diamond drill- ing. If my opinion previously expressed is correct, and the Temagami Temagami iron ranges are similar in character and age to the Vermilion range of the ix)ssibly Lake Superior region, experience gained in the latter in the exploration ®'^^ *^*^,. for the workable ore bodies will be extremely valuable for our guid- ance in Canada. The deposits if found will likely be at the bottom of 26—91 132 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Possible existence of secondary hematite. Further detailed exploration suggasted. Canada Corundum Co. New mill. the irony formation. As the dip.s are very steej) the area of any given ore deposit which would reach the surface would be comparatively small. The exploration should begin at the bottom of the contacts, especially at the ends of the folds or fingers, and should pass away from these contacts. If a well-defined pitching trough be discovered in which the rock is heavily ferruginous jasper at its base, but showing no ore deposit at the rock-surface, diamond drill work would be war- ranted to test the bottom of the trough with the hope of finding ore deposits, which are very small where they reach the surface. Xo very definite statement can yet be made with I'egard to the prob- ability of the finding of large workable deposits of iron ore in connec- tion with these iron formations. The discovery of a considerable quantity of hematite at both the eastern and western extremities of the range is considered a very favourable sign. The geological associa- tions and the composition of the iron formation are entix'ely favourable. On the other hand, the subdivision of what was at first supposed to be a solid body of iron formation into several minor parallel bands, sep- arated by interbedded porphyrite schists and slaty rocks, has caused some anxiety, but still many of these subordinate masses ai'e sufficiently large to contain ore bodies of workable magnitude. It is suggested that the remaining lofe not yet included in our detailed examinations should be fully explored, and accurately mapped, such work being accompanied, as far as possible, by extensive stripping before the more expensive diamond-drilling is undertaken. This would be comparatively inexpensive, as the under h'ing rock is usually covered by only a few- inches of vegetable mould or moss. Dr. Barlow returned to Ottawa on September -3, while Mr. LeRoy remained in the field until September 27. In November (12 to 14) a rather hurried visit was made to the mines of the Canada Corundum Co. at Craigmont, Ont., for the pur- pose of illustrating the latest developments. Some photogi'aphs were obtained, showing the general progress of the mining or ' quarrying ' of the corundum, as well as of the new and commodious mill which will be in operation early in the coming spring. This mill will be able to handle between 200 and 300 tons of ore a day, with an output of 20 or 25 tons of cleaned and graded corundum. The buildings are placed near the eastern extremity of the hill on which the mines are situated, the upper floors being approached by an easy down grade from the openings. A tramway has been built from the mill to a wharf situated on the main channel of the York river, thus affording the mucli needed shipping facilities. Most of the side of the hill on which the SUMMARY REPORT 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 main openini^s are situated has been cleared of ti-ees and shrubs and Geological .1 r.r^ ,■ j^i 1 • map of subdivided by a surveyor into 100 teat squares, the corners being property. marked by stakes suitably inscribed. Series of levels have been run for the purpose of making a contour map of this part of the property. In addition a competent geologist has been employed tracing out and mapping the various outcrops occurring in these squares, making notes in regard to any peculiarities of composition and especially of the pre- sence and relative abundance of corundum. In places considerable stripping has been done, which has greatly assisted both the geologist and the miner in their work. It is intended that a detailed geological map showing contours will be prepared, which will no doubt be of immense assistance in laying out plans for future extension of mining operations. A report for the Geological Survey, suitably illustrated is now being prepared, which will deal rather fully, not only with the origin and geological relations of corundum in Canada, but will also furnish descriptions of the mining and concentration of this mineral. Prixce Edward a\d Hastings Counties, Ont. Dr. R. Hugh Ells. The work of the season was devoted first to making surveys neces- sary to complete the Kingston sheet of the Ontario series, and later to the survey of the county of Prince Edward. Beginning on June 24, sui-veys were made of the district lying bet- Surveys in ween the St. Lawrence on the south and the ^^llage of Morton on the j^^.^T^^*"° north, comprising that part of the country between the southern pai't of the Rideau canal and the Gananoque rivei', to determine the position of certain outliers of PaUvozoic rocks which rest upon the granite and other Archjean rocks. Subsequently a number of roads were surveyed to the west of the Kingston and Pembroke railway in the townships of Olden, Hinchinbrooke, Sheffield and Kennebec, in order to deter- mine the limits of the several formations in this direction. On July 9, the surveys of the area south and west of Madoc, neces- gm-^.gyg i,j sary to complete the county of Hastings were commenced, and this Prmce Ed- work was continued to the end of the month. Crossing over to the county of Prince Edward on the Bay of Quinte, all the roads in this area were surveyed in order that map-sheet No. 110 might be compiled, and work in this direction was finished on August 28. 134 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 GEOLOGY. Trenton and Black River formations. Prince Edward Co. Fossils. Lake of the Mountain Potsdam sandstone. In the area between Madoc and Trenton, including the western portion of the county of Hastings, the delimitation of the boundaries between the Trenton and Black River formations, which ai'e the only two belonging to the Paleozoic division seen in this district, was made as closely as the large amount of drift which occupies the surface for many miles would permit, and the outline of the underlying Archaean was also fixed. The line between the two former was found to be very irregular, but the horizons of each were fairly distinct, ow4ng to the abundance of fossils at many places. In Prince Edward county the rock -formation was found to be almost entirely of Trenton age. At one place an outcrop of granite was seen, rising through the Trenton limestone, which is lying against it at angles of 30 to 45 degrees. The limestone is somewhat altered along the contact, but the contained fossils are readily recognizable. The granite is largely composed of red feldspar with quartz, and the outcrop is neai'ly a mile in length, but not very wide. The locality is about 180 chains south of the west arm of the Bay of Quinte, near Ameliasburg post office. Over much of this area the Trenton limestone abounds in fossils, but there appear to be no minerals of economic value. An interesting feature is the Lake of the Mountain near Glenora, about five miles east of Picton. This lake is near the top of a plateau of Trenton limestone which rises to a height of about 200 feet above the Bay of Quinte. The elevation of the lake is about 1.50 feet, A considerable stream of water flows from the north side to the Glenora mills, and this has led many persons to suppose that the water of this lake is derived from some far-lying source through an under- ground channel. The fact however, that the surrounding area lies at an elevation of from forty to fifty feet above the surface of the lake, and that several small streams drain into it, will account for the out- flow without the necessity of a remote source of supply. In the area north of Kingston Mills, towards Morton, outcrops of the Potsdam sandstone were x*ecognized at several points resting on the granite and gneiss. The rocks overlying the sandstone are seen at Joyceville, about two miles south of Washburn locks on the Rideau canal, and consist of hard fine-grained, and sometimes cherty, limestones with thin shaly partings, which are regarded as the base of the Black River formation, thus indicating a well-defined break in the Palaeozoic sediments, since there is no indication of either the Calci- SUMMARY REPORT 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 ferous dolomites or the Chazy shales in this area. The most westerly recognized outcrop of the Potsdam sandstone yet seen in the Kingston area is about five miles east of the village of Tamworth, where several small outliers occur, resting partly on ^red granite and partly on the crystalline limestone. There is a deposit of red haematite at this Black's iron place, but no large ore-body has yet been disclosed. The hiematite ™^°^- appears to be derived from the basal red beds of the Potsdam through a process of leaching, and a considerably body of the red oxide now occupies in part a swampy area of the vicinity, resting upon the under- lying crystalline rocks. In this respect it somewhat resembles the haematite deposit at the Playfair mine, and in the event of fissures existing in the underlying rock similar deposits of haematite may also be found here. Of this however, there are no superficial indications, the excavations not having as yet penetrated below the surface deposits. While the oxide extends over a considerable space, it is rarely sufficiently solid to constitute a true ore of iron. Among other places visited in the course of the work in this field Richardson's was the zinc-blende mine on lot .3, range V, Olden township. This is rj|!f„'^'°^' near the north side of Long lake. The country rock at the mine is a coarsely crystalline limestone cut by granite and pyroxene, the general strike being N. 70° to 80° East. The blende is associated with galena and iron-pyrites, and occurs in lenticular pockets, which widen out in places into bunches of ore con- taining hundreds of tons. No true vein structure is visible, but the mineral is seen at several points and extends over a considerable area. , The mining is done by an open cut which has a depth in places of about 80 feet, and the ore is graded into two classes as extracted ; the rich massive ore, which is said to contain as much as 48 per cent of zinc, being shipped direct as No. 1, while the lower grades are cobbed from the calcite mass and concentrated on the spot. The mode of occvirrence is quite distinct fi'om that seen at the blende deposit on Calumet island in the Ottawa river, where it is found in a hard diorite mass with gabbro and granite. Some hundreds of tons have been extracted and a quantity has been sent to Swansea. While pockety deposits are always of an uncertain nature there appears to be a good prospect for a considerable development at this place. The actinolite mines in Elzevir township occur in a hornblende Actinolite schist rock which forms ridges running in a northeast direction. Por- ° ^^^^^ tions of the rock are altered to an impure serpentine, and the mineral is in zones or bands : sometimes in pockets, generally along the sides of the ridges, ranging from a few inches in thickness to several feet. It 136 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 occurs in the form of crystals, of which both the stellar and the platy or tremolitic varieties are recognized. Some of the latter are in broad sheafs with a length of four to six inches by two to three inches in breadth. The smaller sizes up to one and two inches are regarded as the best for milling stock, the stellar variety being generally too brittle to be made into good fibre. The serpentine portion of the ridges appears to be almost devoid of the actinolite. Faults. Evidences of faults are seen at several places and the actinolite bands are often cut off by these breaks, the slicken-sides being well exposed. At the eastern end of the projjerty a shaft has been sunk to a depth of about thirty feet along one of these faults, the underlying wall being a soft chloritic rock, in which stellar crystals are disseminated to a depth of several inches, while the south side of the shaft is a mass of the tre" molitic variety. The dip of the slide here is 8.25" E. < 65°-70°. Output. ^^^^ amount of fibrous mineral from the output of this mine is stated to be about 35 to 40 per cent, and this upon milling will yield about ten per cent of mill-fibre. The value of this fibre, which is used for felts and for boiler coverings, is said to be $20 per ton. The fibre remaining after the first separation, is ground and makes what is known as ' Asbestal ', extensively used as a wall plaster, and valued at 06 to $7 per ton. The milling plant is located at the village of Actinolite (formerly Bridgewater), and is on the same general principle as the mills for the extraction of asbestus in the Eastern Townships mines, though much less elaborate in construction. Another mill is located at this place, owned by Mr. Joseph James, in which is utilized a mixture of talc or impure soapstone with scrap mica, the resulting ground material being sold for a fire-proof roofing material. The Recent Landslide on the Lievre River, P.Q. Br. R. W. Ells. Area of the ^^^^ locality in which this disaster occurred is on the west bank of landslide. the Lievre river, about 13 miles above Buckingham village and 17 miles from its junction with the Ottawa, a short distance below the Little Rapids lock and dam. The slide comprises an area of nearly 100 acres, of roughly triangular shape, with a base on the river of 28 chains and a depth inland to the foot of the mountain of about 35 chains, including a rich tract of excellent clay land. At the back of the disturbed area 0)f olooiralJi^m'neti of (jranaita ROBERT BELL M D.DSc.|fe„„tot,,LLJl,F.RS, ACTING DIRECTOR. Drujv/i fhr p/iofo/U/i-otfra/i/iy /i\- P /'''■'•'■eiiult-. To arcoirLfiajty Purt A J. Vot . XV. PLAN oF the RECENT LANDSLIDE on LIEVRE RIVER near BUCKINGHAM, P.Q. No. S-l* To iUustrat* Summary Report of R.W. ELLS.LL.D.. Scale: 12 Chains /.o ! inch ip 20 »> T I I I SUMMARY REPORT 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 is a ridge of granite and gneiss belonging to the Laurentian formation, having a slope towards the river in a north-east direction. The sur-* face of the clay tlat between the mountain and the Lievre is nearly level. In character these clays are usually arenaceous and sometimes silty, and the causes of this landslip, which is similar to several others which have taken place in the valley of the St. Lawrence, have been well ex- plained in a report by Dr. Chalmers on a landslip that took place on the River Blanche, Portneuf Co., in 1898, as follows : — "(1.) The (local) silty and arenaceous character of the Leda clay Causes of rendering it capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of water, landslides, and (2.) the increased precipitation dui"ing the season when these land- slips occurred, which saturated the deposits and gave them greater weight than usual. These conditions doubtless produced unstable equilibrium of the beds, resulting in displacement and a flow of the semi-liquid por- tion. The more coherent clays, breaking down as described, and mixing with the soft material, produced a tumultuous mass of mud, clay and sand, which descended into the nearest valley." The same remarks will doubtlessly apply to all the localities in which Former these landslips have occurred, among which may be mentioned one on ^°"^ '"^^" River Ste. Anne de la Perade, near St. Albans, 1894:, and another on the River Maskinonge, evidently in 1840, and described by Sir W. E. Logan many years ago. The disaster on the Lievre river occurred on the morning of Sunday, Character of Oct. 11th. There had been heavy rains throughout the district for ^j^^ L-^'^^g several days previous, so that the whole country was satui'ated, and district, numerous small streams descended from the slope of the ridge at the back of the clay flat. Along the foot of this ridge the clay is under- lain in places by a deposit of boulders and other debris from the rocks of the mountain, so that there was a good opportunity for the water to penetrate beneath the mass of the clay to some distance. One of the small streams crossed the clay flat and flowed into the Lievre, and for several days subsequent to the slide much water could be observed issuing from the sides of the break and forming pools on the broken surface of the area. It is evident therefore that the clay body became saturated or charged Cause of the with immense quantities of water thus greatly increasing the weight disturbance. of the mass. If then an interstratified layer of silt became liquified the pressure of the overlving clays would tend to force out the whole mass in the direction of least resistance, which in this case was the bank of the river. 138 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT Amount of displacement. Broken character of surface. 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Such was the pressure exerted that the clay was pushed entirely •across the stream which here had a width of nearly six chains, and masses^ of it were deposited on the east bank to a height of from 20 to 30 feet. The portion of the river thus filled is about 30 chains in length but, owing to the fact that the river bed was also composed of smooth clay at this point, the increased force of the water caused by the damming of the stream, carried great masses of the clay, in one place with a hay-barn on the surface, down the stream for some hundreds of yards. The amount of displacement in the direction of the river was nearly five chains or by actual measurement indicated by the break in the main road which traversed the area, about 310 feet. The remains of this road could be readily traced at intervals across the whole extent of the broken ground showing many curious dislocations, small side throws and upheavals. The main displacement appears to have been at the northwest angle of the disturbed area from which the mass seems to have gradually swung out towards the river with the south- east angle as a pivot. The mass of disturbed clay is broken across by numerous heavy fractures which have a genex'al course at right angles to the direction of the movement. In places huge masses of the clay have been forced upward along these fissures and show beautifully striated and smoothed surfaces as the result of the movement. Along the south-east side of the area the displaced mass has fox'med an escarpment rising from the undisturbed portion to a height of, from 10 to 20 feet. This is just in the rear of Mr. Bi-azeau's house, the line of fracture crossing, to the back of his residence and demolishing his stables. Sharp crevasses evidently opened at this place as elsewhere and suddenly closed, since a number of cattle which were standing apparently on his roadway were engulphed and some of them buried out of sight. At one point on the river, about 100 yards north-west of this house there is a mass of the original clay flat, well wooded, and undistui'bed, the moving clay having divided against a point about 350 feet inland and passed partly to the north and partly to the south. Along the flanks of this mass the striated sides of the clays can be well seen. Further inland, near the old road, there is a large mass of, from i to 5 acres which was bodily moved for a distance of about 200 feet and on which no distui'bance could be seen, but deep crevasses of, from 15 to 18 feet surround it on every side. Near this block a house (Clement's) still stands in its original upright position together with a well of water which was not drained, while the sheds within a few feet to the north were tilted in all directions. SUMMARY REPORT 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 The outline of the break on the south side is fairly regular, but on Outlines, the north side in the direction from the mountain slope to Duncan McMillan's house the fissure is quite jagged. Justjbefore I'eaching the house which is on a knoll near the west end of the lock-dam, the break was deflected to the south and apparently followed a depression in the surface by which it reached the Lievre just below the dam. The movement of the clay was apparently [not |alorg the glaciated Movement of surface of the underlying gneiss, as the rock is not exposed at any ciayrno^'on point in the disturbed area, but is seen at one point on the bared sur- lock. face of the slope of the ridge where it shows ice markings in the direction of the present river course. Along this flank the whole mass has been torn away abruptly, bearing with it the standing trees with which this portion was covered, and carried directly outward for some distance. Some of these trees are as erect as before the slide occurred. It would seem therefore that the I'eal cause of this disturbance was the saturation of the clay beds, whiqh are arenaceous in places, and then by the softening of some interstratified silty layer, which was apparently about twenty feet from the surface, the mass moved forward, sometimes in block, but generally in a much broken up con- dition. The movement was rapid and attended apparently with but little noise since the residents were quite unconscious of the disaster till the disturbance was nearly over. The supposition on the part of several persons that the cause of the disaster was the percolation of the water from the river, owing to the construction of the lock clam, is not maintained, since in that case the direction of the slide would have followed the course of the river, while in fact the movement was either directly across the stream or, in the upper part of the displacement, was actually up stream as the lock basin was completely filled with clay from the outflow. The force of the water which was backed up-stream nearly to the foot of the High Falls will doubtless soon wash away the deposited clays from the river channel, so that within a few months the stream will be again flowing along its original course. 140 GEOLOGICAL SURATIY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Surface Geology of the Southern Part of the Province of Quebec. Dv. R, Chalmers. Work in winter of 1902-03. Instructions for season of 1903. Nature of field opera- tions. Work in regard to peat mosses. General cha- racter of i)eat bogs in Quebec. Dr. Chalmers spent the winter of 1902-03 in routine work in the office, chiefly in compiling the data obtained in the field in 1901 and 1902. The results are, however, incomplete, as far as they relate to the province of Ontario, and some further field-woi-k is necessary before a full and detailed report can be prepared. ' The instructions I received from you in May last, concerning field- work for the season, were to examine the marine clays and sands, as well as the other surface deposits of the St. Lawrence valley, from the city of Quebec westward to Lake St. Francis, also those of the Ottawa valley as far west as Mattawa, limiting my observations on the north and south by the higher grounds which border these valleys. In following out these instructions, I began work in the Ottawa valley on the 3rd of June and continued it eastward towards Montreal, making that city a centre of operations for some time. From this point my examinations were extended to the hills on both sides and eastward to Thiee Rivers, Nicolet and Arthabaska. All the railways and a con- siderable number of the roads were travelled over, while the distribution and character of the different beds were tx'aced out with as much care as time and circumstances would permit. About the middle of July, I made Quebec city my headquarters and continued to work in all direc- tions from this as a centre for some weeks, occasionally however, following railways and roads to other points. Early in August, I received your further instructions in regard to collecting all available information relating to peat mosses, their distribution, extent, depth, the attempts to manufacture fuel or other products therefrom, together with descriptions of processes, etc., with the view of preparing a bulle- tin on the subject of peat. These last instructions involved to some extent a re-examination of portions of my field in greater detail and caused me to extend my operations down the Lower St. Lawrence valley as far as Rimouski and Ste. Flavie. The accomplishment of this work in the St. Lawrence valley below Quebec, occupied my time till the 5th of September, and the remainder of the month and part of October were devoted to an examination of the surface deposits and peat mosses in the Eastern Townships of Quebec and in eastern Ontario at points often hundreds of miles apart. As a result of this investisratiou it was found that while there are a large number of SUMMARY REPORT 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 workable peat bogs in the region visited, in other locaHties, as, for example, in the counties of Huntingdon, Beauharnois and Chateau- guav and further east in Arthabaska and Lotbiniere, the mosses are often thin and form merely a veneering upon the sands and clays. Some of the last-mentioned peat areas are under cultivation, while others are covei*ed with a scrubby growth of spruce and tamarack. In this work I was occupied till about the loth of October. After that date I commenced investigations in the Ottawa valley west of this city continuing them as far as Mattawa. But first I visited the Perth and Brockville peat works. After that I proceeded to Renfrew, Pembroke and Mattawa and traced, approximately, the limits of the marine Pleistocene beds there. Field work closed on the 26th of October ; but on the 14th of November I visited the Newdngton peat works, then in operation, and saw the whole process of cutting the peat in the bog, prepai'ing the peat-bricks, drying them by superheated air, etc. The work seemed to be done quite conveniently and effectively at this establishment. Though the summer was very unfavourable, I succeeded in getting over the greater part of the large field assigned me for the season's operations, and in certain places considei'able detailed work was accomplished. The surface deposits occupying the area under consideration, which Ckssificatic of SUl beds. is known as the gi*eat triangular area or flat country lying east of a surface line drawn from Brockville to Pembroke, with its apex at Quebec or Kamouraska, in the St. Lawrence valley, may be classified as follows, in descending order : — 1. Peat bogs and peat-covered plains. 2. Pluviatile and lacustrine sands. 3. Saxicava sand. ) y-^, , . r t^ -j. i o*. 4. i • i. ' Champlam oi L mted States geologists. 4. Leda clay. | 5. Boulder clay. 6. Decomposed rock. Feat. — The best developed peat bogs occur in eastern Ontario and Peat, in that part of the province of Quebec which lies east of Montreal, and especially north-east of Quebec city. The deeper mosses grow where the surface of the ground beneath is more or less uneven. A number of the last mentioned bogs in Quebec are quite large, some of them five or six thousand acres in extent, with a depth of twenty to forty feet. Spasmodic attempts have been made from time to time to work some of the peat bogs referred to, for fuel or moss litter, but they have, so far, resulted in failure, except at Bx'ockville and Newington, already 142 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Fluyiatile sands with shells. Marine deposits. Boulder clay. Raised shore lines. mentioned. At the latter place a Swedish process is' being employed by the Sahlstrom Fuel Syndicate, and briquetted peat fuel is to be produced when the works are completed. Fluviatile sands. — The fluviatile and lacustrine sands seem to be found mostly in the mouths of river valleys tributary to the St. Law- rence, and in the lakes or river expansions, also along the St. Lawrence river itself below the mouth of the Richelieu river. They were observed at Sorel, Nicolet, Three Rivers, Victoria Cove and Orleans island. At Sorel and Three Rivers they contain fresh water shells, (Unio complanatus, U. ventricosus, U. luteolus, etc.). Two of the Dominion Government dredges were engaged in excavating a channel on the south side of the St. Lawrence river at Sorel at the time of my A-isit, and in the material thrown up on the bank, shells were seen to be scattered indiscriminately. A coarse sandy clay from the bottom of the channel was noted, which also contained the same fresh-water shells. Saxicava sand and Leda day. — These deposits may be said to form a continuous sheet over the whole St. Lawrence valley, and were described in the Geology of Canada, 186.3, pp. 915-928 ; also in The Canadian IceAge, pp. 52-72 and by the writer.* In the New England states the name Champlain has been given to these deposits, as they do not seem to be so well defined or have the same sequence there as they have in the province of Quebec, where the sands and clays are generally separated by a clear line of demarkation. The same arrangement of the Leda clay and Saxicava sand, that is, the former beneath and the sands overlying them, holds good throughout the Maritime provinces. Boulder day. — The boulder clay, or till, of variable thickness, was met with everywhere beneath the marine beds ; and, except in the hill country, to the south of the g^-eat plain, it forms only a single deposit. In the valleys among the foot-hills of the Notre Dame range, two boulder clays with interstratified sands and gravels occur, and here also we find two kinds of drift, namely, that derived from the range mentioned and that from the Laurentides. On the north side of the St. Lawrence river the di'ift is mainly from the latter source. Shore lines or raised beaches. — These are found on both the north and south slopes of the St. Lawrence valley and were identified and briefly described as marine beaches by the writer in 1897. Further measurements of the highest on the south side of the valley were made which serve to confirm the work of former years, and support the con- Annual Report, Geol. Surv., Can., Vol. X. (N.S.), 1897, pp. 67-(J9, J. SUMMARY REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 elusion that the ancient crystalline rocks sustained a greater uplift in the later Pleistocene and since that time, than did the stratified rocks. The old shore lines rise gradually, though with some irregularity, from an altitude of 345 feet at Ste. Flavie to 750 feet at Ste. Henedine, to 756 feet on the east side of the Chaudiere valley, and 845 feet at the head of Beaurivage rivex\ On the flanks of the crystalline rocks further west, the altitude is 865 ft, rising still further west to 885 feet. This highest shore line continues westward at about 890 feet to Danville, beyond which, as far as the International boundary, it is about 865 feet (at Abbotts Corners 864 feet). Below this shore-line, others occur, some of which are well marked. They have been produced during the recession of the sea, for all are supposed to be marine, and they face the open plain of the St. Lawrence valley. The highest shore line on Kings mountain, near Ottawa, was re- measured and found to be 910 feet above sea-level. Agricultural character. — The St Lawrence valley or plain has long Agricultural been settled and under cultivation. Large portions of the land are of ^ ^^^^ ®''' excellent quality for farming purposes. Originally the soil must have been of extraordinary fertility, rivalling that of our western prairies. Certain areas are occupied with claj-, while others are sandy. In others again a mixture of sand and clay constitutes the soil ; or clay below with a thin layer of sand upon it. The clay soils are considered the best, especially those with a slight admixture of sand ; but the surface sands, when not too deep, yield good crops. These are, however, always better when resting on a clay subsoil. Generally speaking, it has been found that the clay lands maintain their fertility the longest. In some parts of the valley, hay crops have been raised on land of this kind for a great number of years without any fertilizers being added, and the soil is still in good condition. Much of the land in the St. Lawrence valley is, however, imper- Methods of fectly cultivated. Several causes have brought about this condition i^"ni°&- of things. The seigniorial system, which prevailed in central Quebec, accounts to some extent for it there. In other parts of the province the farms have been divided and subdivided among the members of families, generation after generation, till each has only a narrow strip or patch to cultivate, which barely affords its owner a subsistence- Agricultural operations under these and other conditions, which might be enumerated, must be seriously handicapped, to say the least, and it is not surprising that little or no advances are made in imj^roved methods of farrains. 143 144 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD Vil., A. 1904 Geology of Yamaska Mountain. Mr. G. A. Young. Yamaska mountain. Divided by denudatitjn into two ridges. Nature of rocks. As a contribution to petrography, I have, during the past summer, made a study in the field of the rocks of the Yamaska mountain and also* prepared a topographical map of the locality. This mountain lies about thirty-five miles due east of Montreal and was known to form one of those isolated hills of related igneous rocks for which Dr. F. D. Adams has proposed the name of Monteregian hills. The horizontal section of Yamaska mountain is nearly oval. The major axis lies in a nearly north and south direction, and is about three miles in length, whilst the minor axis measures about two miles and a Half. The hill rises abruptly from the surrounding plain. On the north and south sides the slopes are precipitous, and it is on the northern side that the mountain reaches its greatest elevation of about thirteen hundred feet above the surrounding country or fifteen hundred feet above the sea-level. The agencies of denudation have acted in such a way that the moun- tain is divided into two ridges, a northern and a southern, and con- nected through the interior by a line of small, partly separated peaks which are lower than either of the rims. The higher points are thus rudely arranged in the form of the letter H. The mountain is composed of a core of igneous rocks with a collar, aver- aging about half a mile in breadth, of more or less altered slates and sandstones. Where the elevation is broken down on the east and west slopes, the igneous rocks of the core approach the foot of the mountain very closely ; elsewhere the bordering sedimentaries usually form the higher peaks. The line of contact, whilst conforming to the general outline of the mountain, is very irregular. The sedimentary rocks of the collar Eire presumably of Upper Cam- brian age and on lithological grounds are supposed to belong to the Siliei'y formation which is composed chiefly of red and green shales or slates and of beds of sandstone. The clay rocks have, under the influence of the igneous intrusion, in most cases become greatly hardened, so that they have resisted the 'forces of degradation and in their turn have served as a shield to the igneous core. The metamor- phism seems to have been greatest along the north and south rims, which, roughly speaking, are at right angles to the general strike of the strata. These rocks now lie in an overturned anticlinal, whose axis runs in a northerly direction, to which the major axis of the moun- UDriU 01 Ll,U3(.,,(l.„i.l-.bl,M,D,l I ,D,,Fn.S,,l 3,0,,*CTING DIHECTOB. Vrtutn, far phataUOugraptiy hy I X. Ttiehard.. Jiacoinpmrur far* SJ. Tit XT' Xo.86: 14 SUMMARY REPORT 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 tain is roughly pai'allel. The strike of the strata varies somewhat on either side of an average value of about twenty degrees east of north (true). The angle of dip changes rapidly from point to point, indica- ting local flexures. This folding took place previous to the intrusion of the igneous rocks which seem at this point of weakness to have forced their way up from below to form a volcanic neck such as Dr. Adams has described in the case of the neighbouring Mount Johnson. No evidence was found in the field which pointed to any other origin than that of a volcanic neck which had been developed without sen- sibly disturbing the surrounding strata. The rocks forming this volcanic neck belong to the foyaite-theralite Mineralogical family. Mineralogical 1\^ they do not differ gi*eatly, but the relative composition. proportions of the several constituents vary widely. Of the minerals composing the rock, feldspar, hornblende and biotite play the chief parts and the feldspars appear to be mainly plagioclase. The presence or absence of nepheline has not yet been definitely determined. The rocks range from syenitic varieties, composed chietl}^ of feldspars with considerable biotite, through essexite, in which hornblende, more or less completely i-eplaces the biotite ; the feldspars at the same time decreasing in amount into finally an extreme type composed almost entirely of hornblende and often containing considerable iron-pyrites. These various types are usually coarse-grained rocks, but at other places they become firmer and porphyritic. The essexite phase sometimes becomes finer in grain along the southern boundary, where it is in con- tact with the sedimentaries. Those rocks which have been classed as essexites often have flow structures due to the parallel arrangement of the eminently tabular feldspars and sometimes they are also banded. The direction of flow varies quite rapidly. It is sometimes vertical, but more often inclined, and in one locality is horizontal. The distribution of the various types of rocks is fairlv retjular. The t^- . u .• " ^ ./ s -^ '"- Distribution light-colored, feldspathic forms occur as a border along the western of types. and northern sides. In most places it appears to grade into the more basic essexites which occupy the greater part of the mountain, but which, towards the east, pass into a nearly pure hornblende-rock. At one locality on the eastern border, the hornblende-rock passes rapidly into a syenitic type. These different types appeared in the field in the great majority of cases to pass insensibly into one another, but at two localities the syenite was found sharply cutting the essexite. This apparent anomaly may be due to the fact that, as shown by included fragements of the surrounding rocks, the neck appears to have been still in a process of enlargement till the upward movement of the magma was finally arrested. The various types of rocks are thought 26—10 146 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMEXT 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 to have originated mainly through a process of differentiation which took place in a more deeply buried reservoir. Their present relations are believed to be due to the movements attendant on their upward flow. Dykes. A very limited numbei- of dykes was found, usually either a short distance from the contact or just at the border and cutting the sedi- mentary rocks of the collar. These dykes appear to be of three classes ; a very fine-grained, light coloured feldspathic variety, probably a bosto- nite ; a second which appears to be a fine-grained trachytic modifica- tion of the syenite ; and a third, a very fine-grained, porphyritic form of the essexite. As these dykes were never found cutting one another their relative ages are unknown. The Copper-Bearixg Rock.s of the Eastern Townships, Quebec. Mr. Jolin A. Dresser. F -■ t e of ^^^ occurrence of copper in the Eastern Townships has been known copi^erlong at least since 1840. In that year Logan visited Carbuncle mountain at the head of Brompton lake to examine a I'eputed occurrence of tin ore which, however, proved to be copper. This was two years prior to the establishment of the Geological Survey of which Logan was the first Director. (Life of Sir W. E. Logan, Kt., by B. J. Harrington, Ph. D., Dawson Brothers, Montreal, 1883.) Since 1847, when the first explorations were made in the Eastern Townships by the Geological Survey, the copper deposits have received attention in several of the Annual Reports. The most important of these are the Reports for 1863 by Sir W. E. Logan, 1866, by James Richardson, and 1888 by Dr. R. W. Ells. Early deve- In the early sixties copper commanded a much higher price lopmentwoik. i\^g^j^ \x jjas reached at any period since, and at that period a large amount of prospecting and considerable development work was done. In the majority of cases, however, there does not seem to have been a very thorough testing of the many copper localities which had then been discovered. A severe and continued depression in the copper markets followed, so that for many years, less attention was given to this as well as to other copper-bearing districts. There has, however, been a steady and consequently a more healthy growth of interest in this class of ore deposits in recent years, owing to some advance in the price of copper, to improved facilities for transporta- tion, to more economical methods of smelting, and to the constantly SUMMARY REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 growing use of sulphuric acid, of which cupriferous pyrites is an important source. Thus during the past twenty years, the mines of tlie Eustis . Mining Co. at Eustis, and of the G. H. Nichols Chemical Co. at Capelton, have been steadily working, until under able management, they have attained their present large extent and prosperous condition. Other once abandoned properties are also receiving atten- tion in recent years, and it seems likely that under skilful direction and careful management, they may produce successful results in a good many cases. A large part of the copper-bearing rocks of the Eastern Townships Copper- are shown to be of pre-Cambrian age by the later maps of the Geologi- of p"e-l^a?n ^ cal Survey. These occupy three different areas, as indicated upon the t>riau age. accompanying sketch-map which is copied from the Survey's geological map of the Eastern Townships. The western and central areas have produced all the copper yet mined in the Eastern Townships, with the exception of that obtained from the once famous Acton mine and from others farther eastward, which are related to it, in mode of occurrence, and from the Lake Memphramagog district. Throughout these two belts of pre-Cambrian rocks, copper has been found to occur in many places. Richardson gave a list of about four hundred localities in an appendix to the Geological Survey Report of 1866. The work of the past two seasons has been done with a view of find- Object of ing if possible what different conditions may exist in the mode of occur- tigations. rence of the important and unimportant deposits, where such differences in value are known. The results show that a part of each belt is made up of volcanic rocks, and that all the deposits of any known, or prob- able, importance occur within these volcanic portions. No deposit of any likely value has been recorded in the sedimentary portions which usually flank the volcanic ridges in these pre-Cambrian belts. In the Sutton area the volcanic ridge forms a central part, scarcely Sutton area, more than two miles in width at the International boundary line. Pinnacle mountain at St. Armand stands just within its western edge, and the eastern limit is near the line between St. Armand and Sut- ton, or nearly due north of Richford, Vermont. Continuing nortliward, the volcanic rocks comprise all the western portion of the pre-Cambrian on the Yamaska river, and retain about the same breadth as on the east side of the St. Francis river. In the Stoke, or Ascot belt of the pre-Cambrian, Stoke mountain, and the area for some miles south-west on the St. Francis river, which includes the hills of Capleton and Eustis, is almost wholly volcanic. In the township of Weedon, near 26—101 147 148 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPAKTMEXT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 The Eustif mine. Copper belt of Lake Megantic. the head of the St. Fi-anci.s river the same rock appears and extends almost to Lake St. Francis. The ore bodies liave not been observed to form true veins in any instance. In numeroas cases they show on surface exposures the ordinar}^ outlines of much flattened lenses conforming to the foliation of the rock. The walls are not well defined and ' horses ' and lean ore mass- es ax-e not infrequent within the larger ore-bodies. The largest examples seen were in the Eustis mine where masses occur which are more than 100 feet in the least dimension. While they generally follow the dip and strike of the foliation, which affords a useful means of tracing these occurrences, at times they also cross the plane of schistosity of the country rock, generally at an oblique angle. Tliey then have more near- ly the character of true veins. Such bodies appear to cut the dip, more fi-equently than the strike, of the enclosing rock. The lenticular bodies also appear to be frequently arranged en echelon, since the lode, when lost is most frequently recovered, not by following through the pinched- out part along the strike, but by driving at right angles to it. The most experienced miners seem pretty well agreed upon the general accuracy of this course. Of the third pi-e-Cambrian area, that near Lake Megantic, little is yet known in detail. The wooded condition of the country at the time that the south-eastern quarter sheet of the Eastern Townships map was prepared, made it impossible that the area could be delimited at all definitely. As was shown in the Summary Report for 1902, the ai'ea is composed of volcanic rock similar in character to those of the other two belts, and these rocks ai*e to some degree at least copper- bearing. The area appears to be a northern extension of the copper- bearing ridge of Berlin Falls and Copperville in New Hampshii-e. As in Stoke mountain and at Ditton, in the southern part of the Lake Megantic area, alluvial gold occurs, Avhich in both cases Dr. Chalmers considers to have been derived from the underlying rock. They probably occur in the vicinity of the more extensive deposits of alluvial gold in the valley of the Chaudiere and its tributai'ies and have a greater extent towai'ds the north-east. This \4ew is further sustained by the fact that still farther to the eastward in Gaspe, many observei's, notably Logan, Ells and Low, have reported the occurrence of rocks characterized by chlorite and epidote which have not yet been microscopically examined. It is probable that such rocks are a continuation or recurrence of these copper-bearing traps, and that the watershed which determines the boundary between the State of Maine and the Province of Quebec SUMMARY REPORT 149 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 will be found to be a continuous ridge, or succession of ridges of these rocks, perhaps ultimately connected with the copper-bearing rocks of Keu' Brunswick. Both in their mode of occurrence and the character of the country Probable . • 1 j^i • -1 i. iU extension of rock the pre-Cambnan coppei- deposits are evidently similar to those thig belt. which characterize certain parts of the Appalachian tract from Alabama to Newfoundland. The Sutton belt is the direct northern extension of the Berkshire and Yershire areas of Vermont, and are similar in all ■essential respects to those of southern Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and the well known deposits of Ducktown, Eastern Tennessee. Two other areas of copper-bearing rocks in the Eastern Townships Mines of the are those of the Acton district and of the vicinity of Lake Memphra- 1^.^^,^^ magog. In the Acton district copper occurs in the Sillery and Trenton formations in connection with small intrusions of igneous rocks. The Acton mine, about forty-six miles east of Montreal, is the best known and for a few years produced a large amount of high grade copper ore. Smaller mines as Upton, Wickham, St. Pierre de Dur- ham, and Roxton, have produced more or less copper ore. The Upton ■deposit is further distinguished by the presence of a little native copper. All of these are now closed, but some of them seem likely to be worth re- opening. The little work that was formerly done in most of them was of such a character as to save only a small proportion of the ore. The ofangue is almost whollv calcite, and hence useful for a flux with the dry ores of the pre-Cambrian rocks. The ores are chalcopyrite, bor- nite, chalcocite and copper carbonate. They differ somewhat in the different individual deposits. The townships of Bolton and Potton, to the west of Lake Memphra- Lake Mem- magog, contain several igneous hills of the general type of Mount ^^.J^ Orford, which are intrusive through lower palaeozoic sediments. Where these have cut black Trenton shales, large bodies of pyrrhotite and pyrites and allied ores have frequently been formed. These are pro- bably the largest ore bodies in the Eastern Townships. The Hunting- don mine, the Ives mine, and the Lake Memphramagog mine are the best known. Investigations with a view of discovering the most eco- nomic mode of smelting these ores are about to be undertaken at the mining laboratories of McGill University. These larger deposits are worth the most careful attention of those interested in copper mining. 150 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Former work in Charlotte Co. Assistants, Economic minerals. Examination in Ontario and Quebec. Charlotte County, New Brunswick. Dr. R. W. Ells. The work of the season of 1903 consisted largely of an examination of certain areas in Charlotte county, New Brunswick, with the object of determining more precisely the age of certain groups of rocks, which in the Report for 1870-71 on this district by Messrs. Bailey and Matthew, and later in the published map of this part of the province, issued in 1879-80, were left practically undetermined, though coloured provisionally, owing to the absence of sufficient data to establish their actual horizons. The geology of this part of New Brunswick is com- plicated by the presence of large areas of intrusive rocks, comprising granites, diabase, gabbros, and felsites, and by the alteration, in con- sequence, of large masses of slates and sandstones from their ordinary condition into schists and other crystalline rocks which now present many of the features of the pre-Cambrian series. In this work I was ably assisted by Mr. R. A. A. Johnston of this Department and by Professor Ernest Haycock, of Acadia University, Wolfville, N.S. Special attention w^as directed to the occurrence of mineral deposits, including the nickel ores in the vicinity of 8t. Stephen, the copper deposits of Letite and the Western isles, including Adams and Simp- sons islands, and to other mineral occurrences such as the galena and iron ores found at several points in the area around the shores of Passamaquoddy bay. The relations and probable value of these were ascertained as far as possible and their geological position determined- Early in August, after working out the relations and the age of some of the more important rock-formations in Charlotte county, Mr. Haycock was placed in charge of the ileld operations in this part of New Brunswick and my own time was devoted to an examination of certain points in connection with the areas now being mapped in eastern Ontario. In addition to this, an examination was made of several important mining areas, both in Ontario and Quebec, including the asbestus and actinolite deposits, the micas and apatites, and the graphite. As regards the asbestus, this was considered of special im- portance in view of the great developments in this industry in recent years, the mining methods and the character of the output having been greatly changed since the date of the last report on this subject published by this Department in 1888-89. In this examination, all the asbestus mines now being worked in the province of Quebec, asi SUMMARY REPORT 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 (, well as a number which have suspended operations, owing to various causes, were visited and a large amount of information was oV)tained from the study of the areas at Thetford, Black Lake, Coleraine, East Broughton, Ireland and Danville in the Eastern Townships, as also from those north of Ottawa. A study was also made of sevei'al of the chromic iron mines, in order to ascertain more precisely the mode of occurrence of this mineral. The actinolite mines of Elzevir township, Ont., which have been worked for about twenty years, were also ex- amined and a special report on the asbestus industry in general has been prepared, bringing the work down to the pi*esent year. Materials have also been obtained for reports on mica graphite and apatite in Ontario and Quebec, which are now among the more import- ant of the mineral resources of these provinces ; and the conditions as to the occurrence of these minerals, as shown by a number of new openings, have been further studied. GEOLOGY OF CHARLOTTE COUNTY. One of the most interesting of the geological formations which occur The Peny in this portion of Xew Brunswick is that known as the Perry sand- sr°"l^- stone group. The formation receives its name from the town of Perry, in the state of Maine, on the west side of the St. Croix river, whence it extends across the boundary and forms a large area to the north of St. Andrews and continues eastward to Beaver harbour, beyond the shores of Passamaquoddy bay. It again reappears in this direction around the shores of Lepreau harbour and has here quite an extensive development. The rocks consist of conglomerates, sandstones and shales, generally reddish in colour, but occasionally, in the lower portion, some of the heavier sandstones and conglomerates become grayish. Plant stems are quite abundant in some of the shale beds, both in the rocks of Perry and near St. Andrews. These were carefully studied many Probable years ago by Sir William Dawson and several papers I'elating to their j^gp character and age were published by him between 1861 and 1870, in which their horizon was placed as the upper portion of the Devonian system. The same conclusion had been reached at an earlier date by Dr. Jackson, and adopted by Prof. Rogers, after an examination of the material from the plant beds of Perry, Maine. In the report by Bailey and Matthew, 1870-71, the opinion is expressed that the rocks of this group are referrable to the base of the Lower Carboniferous, rather than to the Devonian, from a supposed lithological resemblance to certain conglomerates which are found in Kennebeccasis bay, an arm of the St. John river, where these rocks are assigned to the Carboniferous horizon. 152 -. f GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT Perry conglo- merates. Thickness of formation. Trap dykes. 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 In Charlotte county, the Perry group can be well studied in the peninsula extending from the base of the Chamcook mountain tu the point at St. Andrews where the exposures are practically continuous for a distance of about five miles. The beds are cut across by several dykes of green diabase which have altered the sediments at their contact. Similar dykes are seen on ^Ministers island to the east. The lowest beds of the group at Chamcook mountain consist of a coarse, heavy conglomerate with pebbles, often of large size, for the most part derived from the felsitic rock of which the mountain is com- posed. These conglomerates are a conspicuous feature in many places at the base of this series of rocks, and they also occur occasionally as intermediate beds higher up in the series. They are well exposed in the bluff east of Chamcook harbour, on the islands and on the shore at the entrance to Digdeguash harbour and further east on Bliss island, L'Etang head and Pea point and again around the shores of Lepreau harbour, which is in the extreme eastern part of the county. The dij3 of the strata in the St. Andrew's peninsula is uniformly to the south or south-east, at angles from 10 to 25 degrees. At an average inclination of 15 degrees over a distance of five miles, since the south- ern margin of the basin is not here reached, the thickness for the beds at this place will be not far from 7,000 feet. No well defined faults or repetitions of the strata are seen in this section. This estimate of thickness far exceeds that hitherto made for an^^ portion of the lower Carboniferous as developed in southern New Brunswick. In the dykes no characteristic zeolites have been found, but small deposits of quartz crystals and bunches of calcite occasionally occur. The dykes are sometimes in the form of interbedded masses and some- times cut directly across the sandstones. Thickness of the conglo- merate. The outlines of this formation wei'e carefully traced along the shores from the St. Croix river to Point Lepreau, and in some places, as at Pea point and L'Etang head, the basal conglomerate was found to have a great thickness, aggregating not far from 4,000 feet. At Lepreau harbour, where these rocks are well exposed, they apparently rest directly and conformably upon the Devonian shales and sandstones of the Mispec and Little river groups of the St. John Devonian basin. As they elsewhere underlie the basal beds of the lower Carboniferous, including the marine limestones of that series, it would now appear that the rocks of the Perry group, as a whole, represent the upper por- tion of the Devonian system of southern New Brunswick, as was early suggested by Sir William Dawson and others from the e\idence of the SUMMARY REPORT 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 contained plants. The complete details of their distribution cannot be given in a brief summary report. Another group of rocks which required careful examination is the Rock of series of slates, schists, eruptives, and crystalline limestones which occur on Letite and Frye island, and thence south-westerl}' through the group of islands including Deer, Campobello, Grand Manan, and many other smaller ones which are a part of a somewhat extensive chain trending in this direction. Much doubt has been felt as to the age of these rocks, and they have been classed at different times as pos- sibly Silurian, Primordial and even pre-Cambrian, and on the published map of the area, they wei-e coloured provisionally as the latter. This determination was based on the presence of certain schists, associated with altered slates, diorites, felsites and other crystallines, the sreneral aspect of which was like many of the rocks east of St. John, included in the Kingston group, these having been regarded as of Huronian age, since they, in part at 1 -ast, underlie rocks which hold primordial fossils. A careful examination of the Charlotte county rocks, however. Fossils, showed that the so-called pre-Cambrian schists are merely altered slates which have been acte I on by newer intrusives and affected by pressure, by which the schisfco.dfcy has been developed. In places, the slaty schists reveal the prese iCi of fossils in certain layers, in which also the schistose structure is developed and the fossil forms are drawn out along the schist planes. In this respect they closely resemble Silurian and Devonian fossils which occur in the vicinity of Mem- phremagog lake in southern Quebec. The shearing has also developed a schistose structui'e in certain of Schistose the intrusive dykes, so as to impart to these the aspect of pre-Cambrian " schists ; but from the fact that most of these intrusives are frequently seen to cut the fossiliferous Silurian strata, it must be assumed that they are newer than the rocks which they penetrate. In fact, at the close of the Silurian and even in Devonian times, there has been, with- out doubt, a very extensive period of intrusion, faulting and metamor- phism throughout all the area in southern Charlotte county. On this basis, much of the area which, in the published map, was coloured as pre-Cambrian must now in part be assigned either to the upper Silur- ian and Devonian, or indicated as a newer eruptive series. Large collections of fossils were made from a number of points, including the upper part of Oak bay, the Mascarene shore, especially about the entrance to the broad inlet of the Magaguadavic river, on Frves island, Letite and elsewhere. Thes? collections ha^•e not vet 154 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT Mascarene series. The Western isles. Crystalline limestone of Fryes island. Silurian age. 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 been fully determined, but sutiicient has been learned from them to show that their general aspect is characteristic of the upper portion of the Silurian. Of the peculiar group of rocks which have been described under the name Mascarene series, it may be said that they consist of a consider- able thickness of purple slates and sandstones with green and gray beds, the latter predominating, which have been cut by numerous intrusives, both diabases and felsites. The action of these on the sediments is quite clear as they have altered the strata in contact at many points. The felsites, which are generally reddish, sometimes occur as great bedded sheets. In position the Mascarene rocks may be said to be intermediate between the Silurian of Letite and Back bay and the base of the Perry sandstone group. The presence of well defined plant stems in some of the strata of Mascarene tends to place them also in the Devonian. The rocks of the Western isles, including Deer and Campobello and many smaller ones lying in their vicinity, were all examined. For the most part, they consist of newer intrusives, comprising diabase, gab- bro, felsites, and some granite, and with these are occasionally found areas of altered slates, now sometimes changed to schists, similar in character to those of Letite and showing, in places, the traces of fossils. There is no reasonable doubt that the rocks of the gi-eater number of these islands must be referred to the Silurian or to the later intrusives. Some of the smaller islands to the east of Deer island show conglomer- ates of the Perry group and represent the extension of the broad development of these rocks which compose Bliss island and the shores of the east side of L'Etang harbour. There are no reasons apparent why the rocks of these islands should be coloured as pre-Cambi'ian. The interesting band of crystalline limestone which occurs on Fryes island, and which, after crossing from the south to the north extends across the passage to L'Etang peninsula, and appears in a broad belt just west of L'Etang village, was carefully examined. It has been regarded as representing the crystalline limestones of the Laurentian, as developed about St. John, but from the fact that it is closely assoc- iated with slates, now schistose, of Silurian age, and in places contains fossil corals and other forms at several points, the geological position formerly assigned to it must now also be changed. The crystalline limestones show several stages of alteration, and in places where the alteration has not been so complete, an abundance of fossil shells with corals was found. The highly crystalline portion gradually shades off into bluish and less altered limestone, and the peculiar green and purple shales and sandstones of Silurian age are cle-.irly a part of the SUMMARY REPORT 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 limestone series. They do not resemble the ciystalline limestones of Ontario and Quebec in their association with gneisses or quartzites, but rather the metamorphic limestones of Memphremagog lake and of Duds well in Quebec, concerning the Devonian and Silurian age of which there is now no question. Even in the most highly altered por- tion of the limestones, there are indications of corals which have been flattened out by pressure and now conform with the general schistose condition of these sediments. Small deposits of galena, with fluor spar, are seen in connection with these rocks on Fryes island and a slight attempt was made many years ago to open these by mining. The quantity is, however, too small to be of much economic value, and no woi'k in this direction has been attempted for a considerable time- The broad belt of i-ocks coloured as Silurian on the published map, ex- Eruptives tending along the shore from the St. Croix to St. George, will of neces- sity be represented in greatly reduced area. In a section along the railway north from Chamcook, where good rock cuttings are exposed almost continuously for some miles, the rocks of this division are clearly eruptive, consisting of diabase, gabbro, granite and red felsite, all of which are newer than Silurian, and in part at least, later in dat.e than the Mascarene series. There is no reason why these rocks should be included in a general Silurian colour scheme. They comprise a large portion of what, in earlier reports, were described as bedded felsites, the intrusive character of which is manifest upon close examination. Surveys were made of all roads over a great portion of the country. Surveys. but time did not permit the completion of this work during the season. Further detailed examinations will also be i-equired to settle definitely the e.xact horizons of some of the slate belts, including that to the north and east of St. Stephen, and it is hoped that a close search will I'eveal the presence of fossils in some of the less altered beds. The fact that such fossils were found during the past season in most unpromising localities leads to the expectation that this hope will be i*ealized and the actual horizon of some of these now doubtful beds will be ascertained. About Beaver harbour an interesting series of slates and conglo- Rocks of merates, with shales, occurs. These are associated, in part, with the P^^ver. harbour usual masses of intrusives of later age, portions oi these occurring as bedded flows. The shales are often plant-bearing, and are referable to the Devonian, and a portion of the intrusive rocks are intermediate between these plant beds and the base of the Perry conglomerate seen at Pea point, Blacks harbour and Deadmans point. In part, these intrusives are basic, while other portions are acid rocks, largely red 156 GEOLOGICAL SCRVEV DEPAKTMEXT Beaver harliour to Lepreau. Lepreau harbour. Copper ore of Letite, &c. Granite quarries. Nickel bear- ing rocks of St. Stephen. 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 felsites. The latter frequently occur at the base of the conglomerates, both at this place and about Passamaquoddy bay. From Beaver harbour, east to Lepreau, the shore section shows a series of eruptive rocks, consisting largely of granites and felsites. The associated rocks are generally schistose, and the actual age of these was not determined, though they may represent portions of the slaty series of Letite, altered by intrusives and pressure, as further west. At Lepreau harbour the lowest beds uf the Perry conglomerate rest conformably upon the recognized Devonian of that area, which in cliaracter and from their contained plants are precisely similar to the St. John Devonian as represented by the "Fern ledges." These con- tain an irregular bed of graphitized coal, partly anthracitic, which has been described in earlier reports (1878) as occurring on the north side of Belas basin. A large amount of work was spent on this deposit about 25 years ago, but operations were suspended shortly afterwards. In the northern portion of the county our field-work has not yet been finished. The plant-bearing formation, in .so far as examined, is pi'ac- tically as outlined on the published map, being probably of Devonian age, but further work is necessary to complete details of distribution. The copper deposits of Adams and Simpsons islands and of Letite were examined by Mr. Johnston. The conclusions arrived at seem to indicate that while small quantities of rich ore are found at several of these places, the quantity is not sufficient to warrant any great outlay on permanent works. The occuri'ences are usually small and irregular in their distribution. A large amount of exploratory work appears to have been done at difierent intervals, but apparently without pro^ fitable results. At Letite several shafts were sunk about 40 years ago on belts of gabbro and diabase which cut Silurian slates, and some chalcopyrite and copper-glance, mixed with pyrrhotite Avere found ; and recently another shaft has been sunk to a depth of about 140 feet, from which good specimens of chalcopyrite are also obtained. As the shaft was filled with water at the time of our visit, the actual condition below the surface could not be ascertained. The granite quarries in the vicinity of St. George still continue to be worked at intervals. A very full description of these is given in the recent report of Di-. Bailey on the " Mineral Resources of New Bruns- wick," Vol. X, 1897, pp. 102-106. The nickel-bearing rocks of St. Stephen was specialh' examined and found to consist of newer intrusives, instead of the Laurentian granites, S130IAHY KKPOKT 15T SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 as at one time supposed. The rocks are chiefly of the gabbro type •vv'hich have penetrated and altered a series of black and grey slates, the age of which has also been a matter of much doubt. They *vere at one time supposed to be of Silurian age, but from the absence of fossils this point has never been full}'' determined. As developed about the head of Oak bay, it was also supposed that here they might be the equivalents of some portion of the primordial of the St. John area, but this point also has never been determined by finding fossils. On the geological map of the district they are provisionally coloured Cambro- Silurian. They apparently underlie conformably the sandy slates which are regarded as Devonian and which occupy the north-west portion of the county, and on this basis, their age might well be Upper Silurian. They are extensively altered in many places, changing into mica Altered and chiastolite schists, but these alterations are purely local and *1'^^^*- caused by intrusions of the gabbro masses. They resemble, in certain points, pre-Cambrian schists, but not as a series. Further detailed examinations for fossils will be required to finally settle the question of t'leir true horizon. The nickel near St. Stephen occurs in pyrrhotite, as at Sudbury Occurrence of but the associated rocks are of a very different geological horizon from "''^ *^ ^'^^' those of the latter district.^ The pvrrhotite is found in gabbro masses \vhich cut a series of slates and have altered these extensively along the contacts. The mineral occurs apparently in pockety masses which are probably quite local in character. The ore is found at a number of points, but attempts at mining for nickel have been made chiefly at two places, on what are known as the Rogers and Hall farms. The former is usually st3ded the Todd mine, the latter the Carroll mine. On the Rogers farm, considerable work, mostly of an exploratory fhe Todd nature, has been done. A shaft 12 x 12 has been sunk for 24 feet, """*"• and three trenches have been cut, with depths ranging from three to eight feet, the principal one being rather more than two chains in " length on a course of S. 54:° W., magnetic. In this trench, the ore is exposed for a little more than 30 feet along the line of the excavation, the rest of the cut showing partly mixed ore and partly rock. The width of the ore-body was not ascertained, as suflicient development work has not been done to decide this point. On Hall's lot (Carroll mine) several shafts have been sunk, one of Carroll mine. 77 feet, one of 14 feet and one of 12 feet. In addition, a bore-hole with a diamond drill was carried down from the bottom of the deepest 158 Section of bore and shaft. Assays of nickel ore. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 shaft to a further depth of 1G3 feet. From informatiou obtained from Mr. J. Carroll, the first 40 feet of the main'shaft was in ore, but from that point to the bottom, the ore was mixed with rock. The log of the boring shows as under : — Feet. Hard rock, dark gray 17 Ore, white 1 Hard rock, black 19 Rock and ore, mixed 7 Sandstone and ore. 2 Ore, white 16 Hard rock, dark gray 6 Ore, steel gray 7 Rock, soft 12 163 The formations at this place are practically the same as on the Todd area. The openings ai'e apparently near the eastern edge of the gabbro mass, since altered slates are seen in close proximity. A number of assays have been made from time to time of the ore from this locality. As there is apparently but little diflference in the character of the ore from the two locations, these may be here given as fairly representing the quality as regards nickel contents. From the Carroll mine, an assay by Ricketts and Banks of. New York city, from a sample of the core at a depth of 128 feet gave : Nickel, per cent 2 • 42 Another by Ledoux and Company of New York, sample of boring from a depth of 128 feet gave : Nickel 2 18 Cobalt 15 An assay by Mr. R. A. A. Johnston of the Geological Survey labor- atory gave : Nickel 1-72 Cobalt -16 Copper "31 An analysis by Mr. W. F. Best of St. John, N.B., from the Carroll mine gave : Nickel 2-62 Copper 7 92 SUMMARY REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 159 An assay of ore from the Todd niiiie by the scliool of Technology, Boston, gave (See Report, 1890-91) nickel 1-92, and another from the trench gave 1'97. Assays of ore from the bank of the St. Croix near Milltown, by the State Assayer, Boston, gave nickel, 1.10, and by the Geological Sur- vey, from the Thompson Farm, -923, with cobalt -394 (See Report 1880-81-82, p. 16H). Assays by Mr. Connor of this Department from specimens selected by Mr. R. A. A. Johnston, during the present season, from both the Todd and Carroll properties, gave nickel, 1-38, cobalt, 0-21, for the Todd mine, and for the Carroll mine, nickel, 1-35, cobalt, 0-21. It will be seen from all these assays that the percentage of nickel in the pyrrhotite is practically too low to permit the ore to be smelted after the manner of those of Sudbury. If a process of concentration could be installed on the spot at an expense not too heavy, it is possible that a paying industry could be thus established, the resulting con- centrates being shipped to the larger works at Constable Hook in New Jersey, where the final separation and refining could be completed. The rocks at all these places appear to be very similar in character, ciiaracter of and consist, for the most part of a gabbro, varying from fine to some- rocks and ore what coarse-grained. The presence of the pyrrhotite is indicated by masses of gossan at the surface, and in places, the ore is largely mixed with rock. There does not appear to be any well defined contact of the ore-body with the adjacent rock, and but little indication of a vein- structure is visible. Outside of the ground covered bv the trenches and pits, the surface shows the gossan cap at a number of points with a thickness ranging from a few inches to several feet. From the fact that this capping shows at several places, east of the main trench on the Rogers farm, it is probable that masses of pyrrhotite will be found over a considerable area, but probably in many cases so mixed with rock that careful separation would be necessary after mining. The existence of these ore-bodies could be best proved by judicious boring with a diamond drill. The areas of gabbro are limited and appear to rise in dome-shaped masses through the slate formation at a number of places. In the present state of development of the district, but little information of a definite nature can be given as to future values. At the location near Moore's mill, while the gabbro is seen at j^Tj^jj-pj gj different points, pyrrhotite appears to be disseminated in a mass of Moore null, altered schistose slates. The ore here is apparently also of low grade and the extent of the deposit not large. 160 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Grand Manan. Time did not permit of an examination of the island of Grand Manan, but from previous reports by Verrill, Bailey and others, it would appear that the rocks are, as a whole, somewhat similar to those seen on Deer and Campobello islands. There are large masses of the newer intrusives, which have altered the slates of the Letite and Fryes island tvpe into schists. The rocks on the west side of the island are of a different class, resembling the diabases of the upper part of the Bay of Fundy. A more detailed examination of this interesting area will be necessary. XoRTHERN Part of Nova Scotia. Winter office work. Assistants. Field work in Cumberland, Hams, Kings and Anna- polis. Mr. Hugh Fletcher. Mr. Fletcher spent the winter of 1902-03 in compiling the surveys of previous years enumerated in the Summary Report for 1902, pp. 388 to 399, in giving advice personally and by letter to miners and explorers in certain districts of Nova Scotia, and in studying the new and important extension and correction of former explorations in the light of results obtained by the government drills and otherwise, in their bearing on obscure points in the geology. Records of the exact position of all these boreholes and of the strata cut by them should be carefully kept. Mr. Fletcher was assisted during a portion of the winter by Mr. J. A. Robert, B. Ap. Sc. and Mr. M. H. McLeod, and during the whole season by Mr. A. T. McKinnon. Leaving Ottawa on June 16 for field-work in Nova Scotia, he was emploved for the most part in Cumberland county until the end of the year. Mr. McLeod woi'ked in conjunction with Mr. Faribault and his assistants in the district north and west of St. Margaret's bay and from the Ponhook lakes to New Ross, in the counties of Halifax, Hants and Lunenburg ; while Mr. McKinnon was occupied with a survey of roads necessary for the construction of a map of that portion of Kings and Annapolis counties lying north and south of the Domin- ion Atlantic raihvav, between the Hants county line and Lawrencetown, most of the streams having been already surveyed. Mr. McKinnon also made supplementary surveys on the Blomidon peninsula for sheet 83, which is now ready for publication, and, at the close of the field- season, collected a quantity of various minerals for educational purposes in Hants and Pictou counties. SUMMARY REPORT 161 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 The borehole at Hantsport* was given up at a depth of about 1,500 Boreholes at feet, the rocks cut being still similar to those near the top, but gray \ew*Gla^go\v sandstone predominating. and Cheverie. That on the East river, Pictou* was lost and another begun with a cable-drill at the same place, which has reached a depth of 1,900 feet and is still in the New Glasgow conglomei'ate. The borehole at Cheverie* was abandoned at 1,910 feet. It was ten inches in diameter at the top, eight inches at the bottom, ca.sed to 1,836 feet and reamed to 1,910 feet. The following section is given by Mr. C. S. Gayton, who is in charge. Feet. 1. Surface and drift 20 2. Dark gra}" shales 30 3. Shale and gypsum mixed in streaks 150 4. White gypsum 370 5. Red shale 80 6. Light-gray shale 10 7. Rei shale 240 8. Red and gray shale in alternate layers 100 9. Gray sandstone, with a How of salt water. . . 20 10. Light gray shale, with a little sandstone . . . 200 1 1. Red and gray shales mixed 50 12. Shales with gypsum 130 13. Whitish quartzose sandstone, very gritty. . . 350 14. Dark gray shale 60 15. Dark-gray sandstone. A flow of salt water not so strong as the last 30 1 6. Dark-gray shale 50 17. Whitish gray sandstone, with a great flow of salt water 20 Total 1,910 No sign of petroleum was found. It is to be regretted that the dip of the rocks at this borehole was not taken. In Cumberland county the work of last season consisted only of a more precise definition of lines laid down by Professor H. Y. Hind, Messrs. Scott Barlow and Walter McOuat, Dr. Ells and others, repro- duced in the maps and reports of the Geological Survey, references to which are given on the map of the Springhill coal-field (No. 812). A *Sum. Rei>. for iy02, p. 391. 26 — 11 162 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 At Spicer, cove. Atkinson brook. problem of great commercial and industrial importance here involved is similar to that discussed by Dr. Poole and Dr. Ells in regard to the existence of beds of. workable or accessible coal beneath overlying strata in Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, and has already been referred to.* On the strength of evidence collected as to the possibility of its existence, a borehole has been begun at the head of tidewater in the large brook at Spicers cove and another on the west side of River Hebert, a mile below the outlet of FuUerton lake. The results of this experiment will be watched with interest for, apart from the distance of this field from the coal mines at present worked, the depth to which boring must in any case be carried, and the diffi- culty of cutting conglomerate, the basal rock of the upper series, there must be added the uncertainty in regard to the thinning out of the workable coals in some directions, their deterioration a» on the north side of the basin, at the Joggins and elsewhere, and the chance that some or all the strata underlying, as at Pugwash and River Philip, may be lower than the coal measures. The great belt of gray sandstone and clay shale in which lie the coal seams is of variable composition in different parts of the field, particularly as to the size of the coal-seams. The hole at Spicers cove, bored by Messrs. J. A. Johnson, B. F. Pearson and others with one of the government calyx drills (No. 5) is now down about 650 feet.f It began near the horizon of the small seams of coal exposed on the shore, but soon passed into a con- glomerate containing large pebbles of red granite and other igneous and metamorphic rocks in a fine or coarse matrix, resembling in colour certain Triassic beds of the Bay of Fundy and including small basins of clay -shale with pockets of coal.j Current reports of discoveries of coal on Atkinson bi'ook, a branch of River Hebert and other places in the neighbourhood of the second borehole were found to be entirely without foundation ; and there is no evidence that workable coal comes to the surface at any point on the southern edge of this trough. The borehole at Fullerton lake is now about 1 300 feet deep.§ These two boreholes are in a basin tilted o-ently westward from the coal measures, millstone grit and Carboni- ferous limestone of the Springhill coal-field. To the eastward of it the lower strata extend, as shown on the map of 18'S5, to tlie neigh- * Vol. XV., 1!>02, Part A, pp. 3C7, 377 and 395. On page 39-5 for 1,500 read 15,000. t A.pril 11, 1904. + .Sum. Rep. for 1892, pp. 41 and 42; for 1897, p. 100; for 1932, p. 378. Nova Scotian, Oct. 1903. Dawson's Acadian Geology, 'General Section Minudie to Apple River,' page 150. § April 15, 1904. SUMMARY REPORT 163 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 hourhood of Thompson station, where another basin of Permian rocks overlies and extends to the Pictou coal-field. This structure again suggests the question * whether parts of this second basin also may not be underlaid by workable coals, more particularly since, at Polly's brook and Oxford Junction, certain small coal-seams of the lower part of Lowest coals the Springhill section reappear in the eastern basin, the common axis hill sectK>n. of the two basins tilted west and east respectively, following the valley of Pollys brook for some miles among conglomerates which underlie the coal measures in nearly horizontal attitude. The gypsum of Salt- Lower Carbo- springs, Clairmont, and the belt northeastward to River Philip above Oxford, thence eastward to Birchwood, Hansford and Victoria, is clearly Lower Carboniferous, and that of Hartford, East Wallace (Plaster Cove) and Malagash Point is on the same anticlinal line.f an extension of the Clairmont anticline, the position of which is well marked along the shore. The limestones, red and green marls and Gypsum. flags of Johnston brook and the north side of Clairmont are part of the same formation ; while to the northward they are in contact with Upper Carboniferous rocks from Glenville to Oxford, marking the line of the Black river fault which is well shown at the mouth of the little brook from McManaman's and also on the north side of Black river at the bridge near Richard Reiver's, the rocks at the latter point, on the south side of the fault, being, however, coal measures. At Goose Point on River Philip, a fault seems also to separate the Permian from the Lower Carboniferous, the latter then spreading out in Roslin on another anticline, probably that which brings up also the gypsum and limestone of Canfield creek. These rocks apparently occur as outliers surrounded by Permian red marls and sandstones with layers of gray and greenish-gray crumbly sandstone, blackened with carbonized plants, stained green, and carrying trunks of trees converted into a mixture of coal, chalcocite and pyrite. The broken land of Canfield creek affords a fine display of ' plaster pits.' The gypsum of Plaster cove seems to be on the north side of a fault passing clear of Macfarlane point. That of Blue Sea corner is suc- ceeded to the westward on the shore by gray and rusty sandstone, containing drifted trunks of trees, coal-pipes sevei'al inches in diameter, traces of pyrite, chalcocite and galena, of black crystalline ironstone, calcareous ' bull-eyes ' and masses of gray concretionaiy limestone- conglomerate. The banks of red clay-marl dug for the use of the brick-works at Brick-clay Pugwash, broken land and a long ledge of limestone indicate the ^^^ limestone quarries of * Professor Hind's paper in the Nova Scotian, Oct., 1903, page 30. Pugwash. + Report for 1SS5, Part E, page 40. 26— lU 164 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Collingwood and Wett- chester. Basin of the lowest seams. At Thompson. Lower Carboniferous on the west side of Pugwash harbour. This limestone is whitish and gray, nodular and compact, dips N. 58'E. < 73°, but is slightly contorted, in massive beds of considerable thickness, of an aggregate section of 150 feet. It has been quarried for some distance along the strike for shipment to Prince Edward island. The gypsum of River Philip and Hansford contains fine plates of selenite. By reference to the Springhill map, it will be seen that the conglo- merate of Pollys brook, which underlies the coal seams, extends through Windham to Davison brook, at the head of which it rests upon the pre-Carboniferous rocks of the Cobequid hills. In the east branch of Davison brook, however, there is interposed a narrow belt of light gray, greenish-gray and rusty, fine, sandy flags and coarse grits, full of carbonized plants and threads of coal, interstratified with layers of red shale and sandstone and patches of concretionary, vesicular limestone-conglomerate, which extends from Collingwood corner up along the east branch of River Philip, through Westchester station to Wentworth and East New Annan. This series resembles that of the Glenville and River Philip quarries and certain rocks in the neighbour- hood of Streets ridge ; it eveiy where underlies a conglomerate, but whether the latter is all of the same period of formation may be doubted. There is apparently an unbroken belt of conglomerate down River Philip from Collingwood and Windham to Pollys brook and also east- ward to Millvale and Westchester valley, overlaid to the northward bv gray sandstone and grit, as on the south branch of Black river, and at the mouth of Tillet creek by reddish marls, whitish nodular sandstone and grit and rusty pebbly grit and conglomerate with a low southerly dip. An opposite dip, also low, is found among these rocks in the brooks crossing the old Westchester road between River Philip and Millvale, while the northern edge of the basin is indicated by outcrops on the Jungle road and the Intercolonial railway from Oxford Junction to Thompson. Eastward from these points they run across the Colonel's brook and the Emery Meadow brook, but before reaching Atkinson siding appear to pass beneath conglomerate and reddish and blackish soft crumbly shales, like those which overlie the coal measures between Springhill and Athol. This gi'ay sandstone series, as ah'eady stated, includes the coal seams exploited on Pollys brook and about a mile east of Oxford junction.* These latter extend to Thompson among the gray sandstones exposed ■ Depart, of Mines for N. S., 1893, page 6. SUMMARY REPORT 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 in the railway cuttings and bored by Mr. Thomas Matheson. The coal seam of Pollys brook consists of three inches of coal in a band of clay shale and underclay about six feet thick, underlaid in the brook by rusty conglomerate and grit, exposed for a considerable distance with a very low dip in flat undulations down stream towards the head of the millpond. Below the Emery meadow there are obscure outcrops of gray sand- stone. About one-eighth of a mile above the confluence of Emery brook, an excavation made by a Halifax company in the Colonel's brook disclosed, according to Mr. George Purdy, six inches of black coaly shale, included among greenish and gray clay-shales underlaid by a quantity of red shale. Between this point and Mr. Purdy's house, many large blocks of gray sandstone are found, while north-west of the road at his house, similar sandstone, in part massive and of fine texture, has been somewhat largeW quarried in the Mile brook. Below the confluence of the Emery brook, gray fine sandstone, of good quarry texture and gi-indstone grit, is also exposed with a low dip. From Pollys brook, the axis of the basin of which these rocks form the south side, passing half a mile south of Thompson, through Lower Went worth, Brule harbour and John bay, enters the sea three miles east of Cape John, the highest rocks in the field being underlaid east of Brule by strata having a low dip to the westward. On the north side of this basin, rocks of the gray sandstone series keep along Big- lake, through Kerr's and Howard's mills and north of Dewar river to Malagash point, where they contain small coal seams and were At Malagash. recognized as " very like the lower part of the coai measures by Sir J. "William Dawson* who also remarks that unless the more important parts are concealed by the imperfection of the sections, the whole Carboniferous series appears here to be less fully developed than on the western coast of the county." It is on the assumption that this imperfection may be due to unconformity and to the overlapping! of the coal measures by higher rocks that deep boring for the discovery of the coals is suggested in this basin also. If no such unconformity exist, the strata of the basin south of Big lake, Boriug Dewar lake and Tatamagouche bay must represent the coal measures ^ugReste . of other districts barren of coal. As having a bearing on this question, a close examination should be made of the rocks west of River Philip between Kofteck and the Stanley mines, beyond the limit of the pre- sent map sheets, where the coals of the Joggins section appear to thin out or disappear. * Acadian Geology, page 216. t Report for 188.5, Part E, page 42. 166 GEOLOGICAL SUR\T;Y DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Big Lake coal From the Lower Carboniferous rocks of Hansford and Birchwood ^^^^' the outlet of Big lake affords a fine ascending section to those of South Vic'^oria and Streets ridge. The Big Lake coal mine, so called, is of great scientific interest, if of little commercial value. Here, with a small engine for hoisting and pumping, two slopes, about 280 feet apart, have been sunk about 60 feet S. 'IVE. <50° on the dip of two belts of dark -gray clay-shale, full of fossil plants, trunks of trees and Stigmaria, with pipes and thin layers of coal, the largest not exceed- ing eight inches. The band farthest south is associated with balls or masses of flinty grit ; in the other, both roof and pavement are regular and the band of gray shale and sandy flags is twenty feet in thickness. Gray Carboniferous strata also prevail to the northward, while imme- diately south of the mine lie red sandstone, grit and conglomerate of the higher series, provisionally called Permian, the change being so abrupt that unconformity seems probable. A similar unconformity seems to separate the gray sandstones of Thompson from the red marly shales and flags, grit and conglomerate of the Intercolonial rail- way between Thompson and Atkinson. The latter extend noi-thward through New Jersey and occupy the country from Greenville to Streets ridge, borings made at intervals across this tract having shown only these red strata and confirmed the evidence of the natural exposures. Westchester valley. Up the brook south of Atkinson siding, conglomerate is well exposed in cliffs, and a small quantity of barite in highly crystalline aggrega- tions has been dug from irregular veins and masses in it. At West- chester valley, up the main river, a pit dug in gray and rusty sand- stone of the lower series shows many carbonized plants and a streak of coal associated with sulphides, principally pyrite. Conn's mills. The conglomerate of Pugwash river above Conn's mills succeeds the black shales of Hansford siding and Roslin, but is perhaps Permian. As there are conglomerates at the base of the three series of Lower Carboniferous, Millstone Grit and Permian rocks, great care must be taken to distinguish between them, and it is possible that with every precaution, mistakes will be made in their identification. Much of the land of Pugwash harbour and Port Philip is low and shows few exposures, but those along the outer shore are good. Southeast of the " brick-clay deposit is a small quantity of coaly shale and a Stigmaria underclay, underlaid by gray and rusty sandstone and flags with patches of greenish-gray limestone-conglomerate and grit, but no workable coal. A little farther south, on Chisholm creek, gray and blackish sandstones and flags yield a large quantity of excellent chalcocite, specimens of which were shown at a recent exhibition in SUMMARY REPORT 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 Halifax as a good type of this class of ores, fully described in previous Copper ore of , Pugwash. reports. * Intermittent attempts are still made at Wentworth Centre* to mine and reduce these oi-es by a process similar to that in use at Dorchester, New Brunswick, but the prospects of success do not seem to have im- proved.! Northwest of the limestone quarry, several pits have been sunk to test the bog iron ore found near the surface in that vicinity. Not far below Kerr's mills, nearly vertical beds of light-gray and rusty conglomerate containing coal-pipes, pyrite and chalcocite rest against red shales and interstratified thick beds of gray sandstone. The quarry sandstones of Wallace bridge seem also to underlie this con- glomerate, and these in turn are the sandstones of Wallace harbour. | A section of the rocks from Kerr's mills up Wallace river to the head of Howard's millpond, has been prepared" in more detail than that given in Br. Ells' report, and certain bands have been traced across the country ; but the results will not be here presented. Gray sand- stones are well exposed also on the roads from Malagash station to Wallace Wallace ridge, thence to the Stake road and to a considerable *l"^"^®^- distance east of it ; they resemble those of the Wallace quarries, Howard's mills and Wallace bridge. As already pointed out, the north side of this basin is characterized by steep dips and faults, and the bottom of the basin is seldom far from the northern boundary of what have been regarded as the over- lying or Permian rocks. On the south side, from the axis to the foot of the Pre-carboniferous hills, the basin is broad and the dips low ; this would therefore, probably, be the best side to bore for possible - coal measures, if the latter are not too deeply buried beneath the Permian. The rocks of the Wallace river section differ considerably from those \Vallace river of Maccan river between Athol and Southampton, the latter being for section. the most part finer in texture, like those along the Upper Maccan river and Rattling brook. Those of the East brook are similar and towards the old Mountain road they include beds of conglomerate. Explorations have been made to a small extent, partly in the Lower Explorations Carbonifei'ous and partlv in the adioininor gray sandstone, northwest near Sjiring- ^ - J ft » J ) hill .Junction. of Stewart meadow, by Mr. Thomas Pigott and others, in search of an extension of the Springhill seams : but no discovery of coal has yet been made. A borehole, now about 500 feet deep, on the south side * Sum. Report for 1902, page 39t). tN.S. Depart, of Mines, 1897, p. 50 ; 1898. pp. 51-52 ; 1900, pp. 54-.^5. X Rep. for 1885, Parr E., page 40. 168 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 of the Intercolonial railway track, at the water-tank immediately east of Springhill Junction, has passed through red marls with a few thin beds of reddish and gray sandstone. The belt of gray sandstone along the railway from Springhill Junction to Saltsprings station, interrupted only by a short exposure of the Lower Cai'boniferous of Stewart meadow, has led naturally to the supposition that they are continuous as well as on the same horizon. Upper Passing now to the south side of the Springhill basin, it will ])e remarked that the rocks of the Wolf road strongly resemble those of Mapleton and Leamington, the Rattling and Harrison brooks, their general resemblance to those of the south branch of Black river, which underlie the coals, being equally striking. At the house of Mr. Albert Brown, immediately east of the crossing of the east branch of Lawrence (South) brook, a small seam of coal is said to have ]>een cut in a well at a depth of 60 or 70 feet, and coal-wash found north of it on the bank of this brook at a little burying-ground. This would Exploration seem to be directly on the strike of the coal cut in the 715-feet Vjorehole for coal. g^^ Mapleton* and would suggest the probable extension of this seam to that point Although many of these details may seem unsuitable for a prelimi- nary report or may have been given before, they are repeated as having a direct bearing on the development of this district and as suggesting certain lines that explorations may follow. Prospecting for coal, like mining, is not a game of chance, but a legitimate venture that should be conducted under honest, competent management, without over- capitalization or appeals to the cupidity of shareholders by fraudulent or ignorant misrepresentations.! Bering at In the Springhill basin, further explorations were made last summer andMapleton. by two men who bored eighty-four holes, sixty-one feet deep and under, and dug several pits, to define more precisely the position of certain distinctive beds of coal and shale in the district between Mapleton and Rodney. :J: By this means the. coal seam traced from the 714-feet borehole was found to turn from the point to which it is drawn on the map of Springhill (No. 812) northward 1,200 feet to a point a few feet past Rattling brook, where it was lost, probably against the fault already proved at Mr. C. E. Corbett's, west of J. W. Hunter's at the old Mountain road. The belt of red shale overlying that seam from Mapleton northeastward is shown on the map. North of this *Sum. Rep. for 1902, page 394. t The Nova Scotian, Oct. 1903, pages 33 and 63. X Sum. Rep. for 1902, page 394. SUMMARY REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 • fault a similar belt of red shale overlies the seam bored 700 feet north of Mr. Hunter's and was traced, around the point of the anticline* shown on the map, northward to the fault at the old Mountain road. This coal also was now traced, by boreholes, parallel to the red shale for about 1,500 feet to the point of the anticline, but was not followed on its northwesterly dip nor to the fault, for want of time. Enough was, however, done to prove it the probable equivalent (on the north side of the Corbett fault) of the seam of the deep borehole at Mapleton* which it strongly resembles in composition and associated strata. The coal seam represented as probably lying west of this one should, there- fore, be erased from the map, as also the suggested connection of the Dan McLeod seams with the coal at the Athol road. A broad belt of red shale, overlaid by gray and greenish-gray argilla- ceous shale like the foregoing, was next found on the old Mountain road 800 feet north-west of and overlying the coal traced from Harrison brookt southwestward to that road ; so that this seam also, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, may be regarded as identical with that of the Mapleton deep borehole, as suggested on the engraved map (No. 812). A hole sixty feet deep was bored below the outcrop of the seam at Mr. Herbert Stonehouse's on the Athol road, cutting gray shale and sandstone, the red strata overlying which, begin a short distance west of the house, are well seen at the crossing of the railway and along the latter nearly to the bridge aci'oss Harrison brook. A few feet on the dip of one of the Dan. ]McLeod pits, west of the Leamington road* a borehole was put down to the coal, which was afterwards traced more than 1,000 feet to the south-eastward of the road, but seems here to be cut off. Little is known of the extension of these coal-seams to the eastward, but they could probably be proved by boring. Much of the surface hei-eabout is encumbered with large obscurity blocks of gray sandstone. From Herritt's old dam (from which a £^^j^f° ^qq pump now throws a large stream of water through a straight line of and Rodney, pipe to the ponds above the west slope, for the use of the mines) south- ward, this sandstone is more pebbly as a rule than that on the north side of the river, but not otherwise different, there being apparently in passing south only an increase of conglomerate, with which is associated red marl, and in a little brook, sandstone, grit and argillo- arenaceous rocks, precisely as in the banks of Tom Boss and Sugarwood 169 * Sum. Rep. for 1900, pa^e 163, line 2.5. t Sum. Rep. for 1902, page 394. *Sum. Rep. for 1900, page 163, line 23. * Sum. Report for 1900, page 163, line 7. 170 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 brooks, that nearest Maccan river being dark greenish-gray argilite and fine grit. The cores as described from the 134-feet bore-hole near Tom Boss show apparently an extension of these rocks. The basin near Rodney nowhere indicates the proximity of a great fault or points to a possible s^aration of these rocks from those to the northward along a well-defined line and yet along the line from Tom Boss brook to Mapleton the coal-seams are succeeded by conglomerate, sometimes apparently abruptly ; and several small obscure faults have been proved. Mining at Mining at Springhill has carried the 2,300 feet level of the west seam Spnnghill and northward, approximately parallel with the line of outcrop shown on other collieries ' rr j r ^ r- the survey map (No. 812), across the railway and the East brook, nearly to the Junction road ; and a slope or balance is being driven to the surface a considerable distance north-west of the Aberdeen slope, to serve as a return air-course. From these workings, at a seven-feet fault, samples of crude petroleum have been obtained associated with calcspar veins, resembling its mode of occurrence in thePictou coal measures.* Jn this work Mr. Fletcher has again had the kind assistance of Mr. J. R. Cowans and other gentlemen whose names have appeared in previous reports. For a description of I'ecent mining operations at Springhill and the smaller collieries of Joggins, Chignecto, Minudie, Strathlorne and Jubilee, on the north side of the Cumberiand basin, the Canadian Mining Manual and the Nova Scotian, pages 17 to 20, may be con- sulted. Of these collieries, Springhill furnishes as its share of the Intercolonial railway contract for coal 80,000 tons, Joggins 15,000 tons, Minudie 15,000 tons, Strathcona 5,000 tons.f Coal is now taken from the 1,400 feet level at Chifjnecto mines. Magnetic , iron ore. Copper of Cape d'Or. Systematic search was begun last summer by Mr. Lindsay on the deposits of magnetic iron ore found in irregular masses and veins among the traps of Gerrish mountain, | but up to the present time no mass of workable size has been found. At Cape d'Or, the Colonial Copper Company has, during the last three years, expended some hundreds of thousands of dollars in ex- ploiting the deposit of native copper also found, like the magnatite, in *Poole'8 Pictou Coal Field in the Trans. N.S. Inst. Sc, Ser. 2, vol. I, Part 3, page 3;>9. fMaritime Mining Record, Dec. 9, 1903, pp 14 and 16. +Siim. Rep. for 1891, page .36. SUMMARY REPORT 1 ' ^ SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 Triassic trap* in irregularly scattered grains, plates and lumps some- times weighing fifty pounds, in veins and dykes carrying quartz and zeolites. Several shafts have been sunk, one to a depth of 371 feet, with drifts and tunnels at intervals ; machinery capable of treating 400 tons a day has been erected, and a railway, one mile and a quarter long, built to convey the ore from the mines to the mill. .Near William Warwick's at West New Annan, one of the irregular New Annan, deposits of sulphides of iron, copper and other metals, said to carry gold, exploited from time to time in the Cobequid hillsf was developed to some extent last summer. During the autumn two visits were made to Stanley in Hants Coal of county where a government diamond drill was at work on the right bank ^^^.^^^ of Kennetcook river, nearly opposite the gravel pit at the station on the Midland railway. The cores to a depth of 485 feet consist of red and gi'ay sandstone and shale, red predominating, but no trace of coal was met, although in the neighbourhood are found the indications observed by Sir William Dawson, who writes of them as follows : — | ' Indications of coal have also been observed in the coal measures band extending from Lower Stewiacke toward and along the Kennet- cook river. These measures are not well exposed, and I believe that nothing definite is known as to their real value. The occurrence of coal in this central district would, however, be of so great importance to the province, and to the success of its main line of railway, that the subject well merits a thorough investigation '. Some attention was also paid to the borings with a calyx drill at Port g^^j^g g^. Hood,§ which have enabled us to fill up the gaps in the coast section be- P^rt Hood. low the main seam, down to the strata so well exposed in the cliff's at and near Cape Linzee, Sheet No. 16. Borehole No. 3 on Smith island, after passing through about 300 feet of the gray sandstone of Susannah point, with bands of conglomerate, cut 300 feet of the red Lower Car- boniferous strata which underlie these gray sandstones along the shores of the island. Borehole No. 1 began immediately below the outcrop of the main coal- seam near the Tremaine or present working slope ; No. 2 was bored on the west bank of the millbrook (Little river), a few yards above the *Acadian Geology, page 107. N. H. Depa)-t. of Mines, 1870, p. 63 ; 1901, page 71. Can. Mining 1903, p. 72. Geol. Survey Ann. Rep., 1889-90, Part P., page 18t). Sum. Rep. for 1901, page 214. tN. S. Depart, of Mines, 1880, page 13, et at. tAcad. Geol., pp. 268, 269 and 276. Sum. Rep. for 1889, p. 30 ; for 1893, p. 41. §Report for 1882-84, Part H., pp. 47, 56,'57 and 88. Sum. Rep. for 1900, p. 164, for 1902, p. 390. 172 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Port Hood mines. Malx)u. shore road ; and ISTo. 4 on the Little Mabou road, 200 yards north-east of the fork of the shore road. The section of No. 2 seems to commence about 477 feet below the top of No. 1 and to contain all the strata of No. 4, which commences about 77 feet below its top. The thick sandstone cut in all three holes, with an underlying coal seam, is apparently that of the section at Isthmus point given in the Geological Survey Report for 1882-84, page 57 H (Nos. 8 and 10 of the section.) An output of 95,000 tons of coal has been obtained by the Port Hood Coal Company from their mines during the past. year. The slope is now down 1,576 feet, with a sump seventy feet below the low- est level. This level is driven north 2,500 feet and south 900 feet, the seam being 6 feet 3 inches thick on the south side, and 7 feet 3 inches on the north. A subsidy of •?20,000 has been voted by govern- ment this year to help to restore the bar and make shipping safe at the wharf which is 3,000 feet from the engine at thebankhead. The slope at Mabou coal mines is 100 feet under the sea with 350 feet of cover at the water line,* and interesting developments have been made in the sinking, although little coal has been shipped. The slope is now being re-timbered, preparatoi'y to testing the continuance of a flattening of the coal to 6 feet at the face. Since the completion of the i*ailway to Port Hastings and Point Tupper, the production of coal from Inverness (formerly Broad Cove) mines has also lai'gely increased.! Here a government calyx drill (No. 7) was employed to determine the character and thickness of rock- cover over the present working seam at the shore. The large drill used at Port Hood has been removed to Chimney Corner coal mines. Explorations Exploratory work is still being prosecuted at Cheticamp on the e icamp. g^tensive deposits of mixed sulphides, sometimes rich in gold and sil- ver, which are described in Report A for 1898, page 148. A 'grab sample" taken by Mr. F. H. Mason, of Halifax, 'assayed nearly three ounces of gold, besides silver and copper values.' The presence of metallic ores in this region, pointed out by Mr. John Campbell in 1862, Professor Hind in 1870, the Geological Survey in 1881, aud many others; has led to costly explorations at various times. Inverness. *Maritime Mining Record, Dec. 9, 1903, page 15. Rep. for 1882-84, Part H, pp. (>1 to 71, 88 and Sheets 14 and 1.5. Brown's Coal Fields of Cape Breton. Gilpin's Mines of Nova Scotia. Reports of X.S. Depart, of Mines. t Rei)ort for 1873-4, pages 182, 183 and 188 to 191 ; for 1882-4, pages 14, 71 to 74 and 88 H, with map sheet. Sum. Rejv for 1900, p. 164. :: Rep. for 1882-4, Part H, pages 22, 39, 9-5, 97, etc. SUMMARY REPORT . 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 On the eastern side of this northern tableland, at Aspey bay, a deposit of galena in limestone, like that of Pleasant bay* rests directly upon granitic rock, the ore following here, as elsewhere, the contact of the Lower Carboniferous with pre-Carboniferous rocks. Towards the end of July, Mr. Fletcher visited the north shore of Coal reported St. Anns, in Victoria county, where indications of workable coal were reported to have been discovered in rocks coloured Lower Carbonifer- ous on the geological map of that district. These reports were found to rest entirely on the occurrence of certain black bituminous shales, containing cai-bonized plants and coaly matter, which have often been mistaken for coal.f Near the mouth of Little river, at the house of Mr, Angus Matheson, broken land indicates the probable existence of limestone, and this has actually been dug in a well and pit near the house. Along the shore, the strata of the reefs are nearly horizontal : the most prominent I'ock at low -water is a band of gray, jointed, fossiliferous limestone, undei'laid by coaly shale and coal of no great thickness, succeeded beneath by a dark calcareous underclav, full of rootlets. Farther south, the cliflFs expose conglomerate, grit and light- gray, micaceous, sandy flags and shales, with thin layers of black shale, apparently all Lower Carboniferous. Pits and boreholes put down along the shore show no indications to support the claim that work- able coal had been found. The land between the shore and the felsitic rocks of the mountain is nearly a plain, greatly broken by plaster-pits, as shown on the map. Good outcrops of marl and gypsum occur at many points, backed by the felsites which, towards St. Ann's harbour, are again being ex- ploited for gold and metallic ores. 1 Application has, it is said, been made for the use of one of the At Hunter!* government drills to bore the Lower Carboniferous, so called coal "^°"" ''^'"' seams of Hunters mountain, about eight miles from Baddeck, «T Near Boisdale several days were spent, about the middle of August, with Mr. S. Ward Loper who was again collecting, for the United States Geological Survey, fossils described by Dr. G. F. Matthew in his Keport on the Cambrian Rocks of Cape Breton. Acting on instructions received from Dr. Bell, Mr. Fletcher on Mining October 27 brought before a meeting of the Mining Society of Nova If^^'^'^g *^^^j„ * Rep. for 1882-4, Part H, p. 93. t Rep. for 1882-4, Part H, pages 46, 52, 53 and 90, and map sheet. X Rep. for 1882-4, Part H. page 94. TRep. for 1876-77, p. 454. Rep. for 1882-84, part H. page 41. X. S. Depart, of Mines, 1877, page 36. Brown's Coal Fields of Cape Breton, page 37. 174 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Scotia some of the results of the work of the Geological Survey in Cumberland county, principally on the coal measures in their relation to the overlying rocks, illustrating his remarks by maps of the d^ strict; and when in Halifax at that meeting he assisted Dr. Poole in revising a new map of the Pictou coalfield. Explorations j^ considerable amount of money was spent last summer by the Cape in the Sydney i -r. ., A, ■ , • , ., coal field. Breton Coal, Iron and Kailway Company m explorations along the outcrop of the Tracey seam, under the advice of Professor Ray and Dr. H. S. Poole, in continuation of those made by the late Mr. E. T. Moseley and Senator MacKeen. Sum. Rep. for 1901, p. 208; for 1895, p. 107; for 1896, p. 95; for 1897, p. 102. Report for 1874-75, p. 189 ; for 1875-76, p. 414. Note on the Sydney Coal Field (No. 685) with maps, p. 7. Springhill, KS., Dec. 18, 1903. Gold Fields of JSTova Scotia. Mr. E. Rodolj)he Faribault. Office work by Mr. Faribault was engaged in office work from October 22, 1902, Mr.Faribault. ^^^-^ j^^^^ g^ jg^g^ ^^^ j^.^^ ^^^y 13 until August 4, 1903. The greater part of this time was spent in plotting plans and sections from survevs made by himself and his assistants during the previous sum- mer, as detailed in the Summary Report for 1902, pages 399 to 427. Much time was also taken up in correspondence, especially answer- ing letters from persons seeking information and advice on the gold fields of Nova Scotia, which are attracting more and more attention from scientists and capitalists at home and abroad. Report on ^^ ^^e request of the government of Nova Scotia, ]Mr. Faribault deep gold }^jjs prepared a report with plans and sections, entitled ' Deep Gold mining to . ... government of Mininii in Nova Scotia,' which has since been pi'inted for distribution ova CO la. g^jj^Qj^g tbose interested in gold mining. The legislature of Nova Scotia, at its session of 1 903, passed an act authorizing the Governor in Coun- cil to appropriate a sum of money sufficient to assist in the sinking of deep shafts, in such places as may be determined, under the direction of the Inspector of Mines. The government is to bear half the ex- pense of the actual sinking from the surface to a vertical depth not exceeding 2,000 feet. T,, r ij The plans and sections of the gold districts of Isaacs harbour, Plans of gold . districts Cochran hill. Wine harbour and Harrigan cove surveyed the year previous, and tliat of Gold river, surveyed in 1901, were completed SUMMARY REPORT 175 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 for publication. The plans of Isaacs harbour, Cochran hill and Gold river are now being published, while those of Wine harbour and Harrigan cove only require to be traced for engraving. These mining plans are impatiently awaited by those interested, to guide them in their operations, and they will be published as soon as completed. Mi\ Owen O'Sullivan of this department was engaged some four Publication months during the winter in compiling the topographical surveys of ° ^^i*^- the region lying immediately west of the line of the Intercolonial rail- way between Halifax and Elmsdale, and extending northward to Rawdon and Newport and westward to the main road leading fi*om the latter place to Sackville and St. Margaret's bay. The compilation of the instrumental surveys made for several years past in the counties of Halifax, Hants and Lunenburg is still in arrears, but it will be pushed vigorously and completed for publication. On the field work accomplished in the gold fields of Nova Scotia Field work in during the past summer, Mr. Faribault reports as follows :— oflsw "''^^^ In accordance with your instructions, I left Ottawa on June 9, for Halifax, N.S., where I met my assistants Messrs. A. Cameron and J. McG. Cruickshank, as well as Mr. M. H. McLeod, transferred for this season from Mr. Fletcher's party, and from thence proceeded to the interior country lying to the north of St. Margarets bay to examine that region and define the surveys necessary to complete the mapping of the area lying between Mr. Fletcher's work on the north and my own on the south. I returned to Ottawa at the end of June, but left again for Nova Scotia on Aug. 1-i, where I remained until early in October, my assistants continuing field-work up to October 18. Owing to important new mining developments made or contemplated New methods in many gold districts by means of vertical shafts on anticlinal systems °\"?®P of saddle veins to establish a new method of deep mining and on account of numerous requests received for geological information of use in these operations, much of my time was spent, by Dr. Bell's instructions, in making examinations of several gold districts beyond my field of systematic work. The following gold mining districts were examined : — Isaac's Har- QqJjJ districts bour, Covmtry Harbour, Wine Harbour, Goldenville and Miller's Lake examined, in Guysborough county ; Ecum Secum, Harrigan Cove, Fifteeu-mile Stream, Caribou and Oldham in Halifax county ; Mount Uniacke in Hants county ; Gold River, Leipsigate, Indian Path, Voglers Cove and Pleasant River in Lunenburg county and North Brookfield, Mo- lega, Whiteburn, Fifteen-mile Brook and Mill Village in Queens countv. The eight last named districts were visited for the first time 176 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT Iron, antim- ony, ochre, etc. 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 to ascertain their geological structui-e, as compared M'ith those of the eastern part of the province, in order to arrive at some general con- clusion as to a classification of all the gold districts and their suitabi- lity for deep mining. Some data were also collected on the bog iron deposits, prospected in Halifax county at Newcomb Corner, along the south side of the Musquodoboit river and as far west as Fall river ; on the limestone, gypsum, ochre and supposed coal deposits of Mahone ba}^ Lunenburg county and the Dominioji Antimony Company's mine at West Gore, Hants county. At the end of the season's work, several days were spent with my party at New Ross, Lunenburg county, to examine the mode of occurrence of minerals and intrusions met with in this granite region. Acknowledg- I^^ the performance of my field-work I have received valuable infor- ments. mation and assistance from miners and other in Nova Scotia and I wish to offer especially my acknowledgments to the following persons : Hon. A. Drysdale, Commissioner of Works and Mines, Dr. Edwin Gilpin, Inspector of Mines, Dr. M. Murphy, Provincial Engineer, Dr. H. S. Poole, Prof. J. Ed. Woodman, and Messrs. F, B. Wade, K.C., M.P., Harry Piers, Curator Provincial Museum, Alex. McNeil, K.C., F. H. Mason, D'Arcy Weatherbe, Fred. P. Ronnan, and F.J. Tremaine, K.C., of Halifax ; James A. Eraser, New Glasgow ; G. J. Partington of Isaacs Harbour East ; W. F. Fancy, Isaacs Harbour ; Ch. M. Donohoe, Goldboro ; J. C. McDonald, Country Harbour mines ; S. R. Heakes and Matthew McGrath, Wine Harbour ; Arthur G. Mc- Naughton and Wm. Mcintosh, Goldenville ; George W. Stuart, Trui'o ; Monroe Archibald, Walter C. Boak and E. H. Oland of Harrigan Cove; L. W. Getchell, Caribou mines; Ed. Whidden, Oldham ; Jas. A. Crease, Geo. E. Johnson, Mount Uniacke mines ; C. Noble Crowe, West Gore ; Prof. G. S. Kennedy, Dr. H. Y. Hind and Clarence H. Dimock, Windsor ; Charles Keddy, Lake Ramsay ; C. U. Mader and Dr. C. A. Hamilton, Mahone Bay ; V. J. Paton, T. W. Moore, Dr. Henry W. Cain and H. S. Badger of Bridgewater ; W. L. Libbey, North Brookfield; R. R. McLeod, Brookfield ; Samuel Sutherland and D. McD. Eraser, Molega gold mines ; W. H. Banks, Caledonia Corner ; Gordon C. Smart, Whiteburn ; and James Sheriff", Fifteen-mile Brook near Middlefield in Nova Scotia ; also John E. Hardman of Montreal. Last season's surveys are not all plotted and the results have not yet been fully made out, but the following summary of information and conclusions are given subject to revision. (%iilinVi'; o shows four crumples of rich quartz operated on a subordinate fold, 650 feet south of the main anticline, which have evidently originated dur- ing the folding of the strata and are probably underlaid by others as rich and as large. The structure of the fold would lead to the con- clusion that the several unproductive veins and slate belts uncovered at the surface to the north of the Borden lead may also form large deposits of quartz and become rich in gold on underlying crumples. On my recommendation the company is now sinking the main shaft on the Borden lead below the crumple to intersect the underlying crumples. At the Hurrane Point and North Star mines the same conditions exist and the rich quartz crumples already worked at both mines are undoubtedly underlaid by a succession of others which are likewise very promising for deep and permanent mining. Promise for deep mining. Gold production. Origin of gold. This succession of crumples offers a great field for future operations on a large scale and may be developed most advantageously by an inclined shaft along the axis of the fold or by a vertical shaft sunk at a certain distance north of the outcrop of the fold and by a succession of cross cuts at different depths to intersect the crumples. The production of gold from the West lake and Nugetty crum- ples is — 1142 ozs. 14 dwt. 2 grs. extracted from 1472 tons crushed. That from the Borden crumple is— 2991 ozs. 10 dwts. from 2121 tons crushed. The two sections illustrate beautifully the intimate relation between the deposition of the ore bodies and the structure of the strata, and give more eAddence on the origin of gold. The rich ore-bodies are confined to the slate belts at the ci umples, pitching eastward under 18". The aurifei'ous quartz crumples are connected along the axis plane of the fold by quartz stringers, generally barren of gold and well *The scale of the general section should read 50 ft. instead of 25 ft. to one inch. SUMMARY REPORT 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 called " feeders " by local miners. From a close study of these "feeders " in th s and other gold districts we are lead to the conclusion that they are the channels through which came the upward moving tvaters which concentrated the gold and associated minerals, finally deposited at the most favourable places in certain slate belts along the apex of the folds, constituting a well defined zone of special enrichment. CYANIDE PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF GOLD. Mr. H. S. Badger has lately introduced in Nova Scotia a cyanide Practical process for the extraction of gold from the tailings of the quartz mills cyanide ^ o o 1 process for which were formerly lost. Old tailings accumulated for years and gold extrac- new tailings straight from the mill have apparently been treated successfuly and profitably by this pi'ocess at the Caribou, Richardson, Leipsigate and the North Brookfield mines. The introduction into Nova Scotia of a practical process of extrac- ting gold from the sulphides contained in the tailings means much for the successful future of gold mining in the province, especially in the case of large low-grade ore deposits, such as the Richardson, Dolliver, Bluenose etc., where there is only a small margin for profit. Cyanide Plant at the Mic-Mac Mine, Leipsigate — At this mine Cyanide a cyanide plant has been in opex'ation since last February, with ^jacVi n apparent success. It includes four treatment vats 16x5 feet for sand tailings and two settling tanks for slimes. The slimes are not treated at present, but the intention is to elaborate the plant so that their values may be extracted later. The strong solution (-25 per cent) is allowed to cover the sands about three inches, and after leaching, is strengthened gradually, until it comes out at the stopcocks the same strength as going in. The sands are then washed and the total period of leaching, from the time the strong solution flows into the tank until the clean water comes out in the launders, is about 30 hours. These tanks hold nearly 50 tons and one is filled and one emptied each day. At present " stock '"' is being taken from the old tailings bed as well as from the plate discharge. The following notes and figures will, no doubt, prove interesting, as the apparent success of the work at this mine may be repeated at many other localities.* ' The facts were kindly furnished by Mr. H. S. Badger, who is in H. S. Badger's charge of the milling plant at the Mic-Mac mine. nidrprocess ' The gangue of the ore is a calcareous quartz, containing slate and ^j^g ^"' ' gouge.' * Report Dept. of Mines, Nova Scotia, 1903, page 60. 184 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 'By assay, the ore gi^es per ton $10.58 worth of gold and the con- centrates are sulphides of iron, copper, lead and zinc. ' By amalgamation it is found that the best recovery that can be got on the average was about 87.08 per ton. Cyanide plant ' ^^ ^'^^ therefore decided, after experiment, to put in a cyanide instaUed. plant. This was completed in February, 1903, at a cost of |5,000. The plant has a capacity of about 50 tons per 24 hours, and operations were commenced on February 22. ' The idea is to eventually treat the tailings from the mill plates alone ; but in the meantime the old beds are also being treated. Difficulties are met here as the ' sharps ' and 'slimes ' often lie in separate layers, and mixed in places with organic matter, &c., which retai'ds lixiviation. 'Altogether 5,104 tons of stock valued at f3.78 per ton, or a total value of 818,295 were treated, and an extraction made of 74-9 per cent., equalling as shown by the mint returns ^2.83 per ton. 'The total cost of producing this is $1.05 per ton, divided as fol- lows : — Labour for charging tanks $ 0 26 " discharging tanks 0 09 Technical staff, including management 0 34 Cost of chemicals, per ton 0 33 Time for precipitation. . . 0 03 Total cost per ton 8 1 05 ' It must be borne in mind, as stated above, that about half the stock treated was from the old beds, thus considerably raising the cost of treatment as well as lowering the percentage of extraction. Again, the mill tailings contain about 50 percent of slime, worth about $2.25 per ton, or say $1.15 per ton of ore. At present the recovery from these is very limited, but as soon as possible, arrangements will be made to separate these properly and treat them to advantage. Average value « The average value of the bullion produced by the cyanide process of bullion pro- ,,,..." ^i ^ .-.^ ^ f duced. at this mme is 81d.2o per ounce, composed or : — Gold 792 -90 parts. Silver 126.00 " Base metals : Zinc j Lead 81.10 " Copper I — — 1000.00 (t'lrnlLmiml ^iimfu nf lianaii.i n>J-t AA. IW JT NoM9 184 A of du SUMMARY REPORT 185 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 Bog Iron Ore. — Several deposits of bog iron ore have been observed Bog iron ore to occur in low sampy places generally overlying belts of the Upper jn Halifax slate division of the gold-bearing rocks, from which they originated by county. the decomposition of the iron sulphides contained therein. Eleven specimens of bog iron ore received from Mr. F. J. Tremaine of Halifax, have been analysed by Dr. G. Christian Hoffmann, as follows : — Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, Guysborough Road, Knodell's Farm ; No. 5, Ship Harbour Road, east of Musquodoboit ; No. 6, three miles east of Black Brook, Musquodoboit ; No. 7, Hill Top, Musquodoboit ; No. 8, 'Bog,' Musquo- doboit; No. 9, Black Brook, Musquodoboit; No. 10, Reddan's Farm, Newcomb Corner, Musquodoboit ; No. 11, Fall River, north of Waverly, Halifax Co. Equal weights of material were broken off each specimen, finely powdei-ed, and most thoroughly mixed, thereby ensuring a fair average sample of the whole eleven specimens. An analysis of this gave :— Ferric oxide 6-i ■ 04 Analysis by Ferrous oxide 9 ■ 27 Dr. Hoffmann. Manganous oxide 214 Alumina 0 ■ 68 Lime 1 • .5-5 Magnesia 0-68 Phosphoric anhydride 0 ■ 04 Sulphuric anhydride 0 • 30 Silica 5 • 65 Water, hygroscopic 3 • 37 Water, combined 10-53 Oraranic matter. ... 322 101-47 Metallic iron 52 - 04 Phosphorus 017 Sulphur 0-12 The foregoing analysis shows it to be an excellent ore of its kind. Area .surveyed Certain bog iron ores from the province of Quebec have been found to in Lunenbiirg contain the following percentages of metallic iron : — Ore from Petite and Hants. C6te, Vaudreuil, 52 15 ; ore from Cote St. Charles, Yaudreuil, 53 86; ore from St. Maurice Forges, 54 32, 52 01, 45 36 and 54 36 respect- ively ; ore from Upper Rocky Point. Eardley, 54 - 46. In Hants and Lunenburg counties my assistants, Messrs. A. Granite. Cameron, J. McG. Cruickshank and M. H. McLeod, were engaged the ■whole summer surveying the head waters of the Indian, Ingram, Middle and (jold Rivers, flowing south into the Atlantic, and those of 186 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMEXT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 New Ross manganese Other minerals. Patch of gold- bearing rocks in granite. Timber and soil. the St. Ci'oix and Avon rivers, running uorthwai-d into the Bay of Fundy. The area surveyed covers 360 square miles and completes sheets 72, 86 and 87 which had been left unsurveyed between Mr. Fletcher's work to the north and my own to the south. This com- pletes Halifax and Hants counties, while Lunenbui'g is also all surveyed with the exception of a small area at the west corner of the county. The country is underlaid with granite and is for the most part very rough with huge blocks and debris of this rock strewn all over the surface, making travelling very difficult. In Nova Scotia granite is not generally considered a favourable rock for the occurrence of minerals of economic importance, nevertheless several minerals have been observed in the vicinity of New Ross. Float of manganese ore has been discovered at several places to the north-east of New Ross which point to important deposits. One mile west of Wallaback lake a vein of this mineral was discovered a few years ago running in a northerly direction. It has been mined to the depth of 112 feet and some 50 feet in length. At the outcrop the vein is wholly composed of limonite, which passes at the depth of six feet into an association of specular iron ore and manganite and, a few feet deeper, into a mixture of pyrolusite and manganite. A similar vein has been slightly prospected about two miles further to the north- east. Molybdenite, zinc-blende, smoky and black quartz, fluor-spar, calcite, mica, tourmaline, garnet, scapolite, pyrite and chalcopyrite have also been observed in veins in the granite. Magnetite and argen- tiferous galena were found in the drift, and deposits of clay suitable for the manufacture of building brick ocjur at sevei'al places. A patch of the Cambrian gold-bearing slate and whin from one to two miles in width and 15 miles in length occurs in the granite to the north of the road leading from Vaughan to New Ross and crosses about the middle of Wallaback lake where several quartz veins were observed, one of which is said to have shown gold. A dyke of frag- mentary white quartzose rock, cemented with red jasper, susceptible of taking a good polish, occurs half a mile east of New Ross where it runs north-easterly and has been quarried to a small extent. This granite x'egion is genei'ally well timbered with spruce, hemlock and some pine on the head waters of the Indian, Ingram, St. Croix and Avon rivers, where lumbering is prosecuted. Alluvial soil suit- able for farming is not found over any large areas, except on hills of boulder clay and along narrow intervales, but a great number of large hay-marshes are found on several streams. SUMMARY REPORT 187 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY. Dr. G. C. Hoffmann. Reporting on the work done in these branches of the survey's opera- Work of ,. T\ -CT cc chemical tions, Dr. Honmann says : — laboratcry. • The work carried out in the chemical laboratoiy during the past year has, conformably with the practice of preceeding years, been almost exclusively confined to the examination and analysis of such minerals, &c., kc, as were likely to prove of more or less economic value and importance. Briefly summarized it embraced : ' Analyses of several varieties of fossil fuel from various parts of Analyses of the Dominion, that is to say — Of lignite, from near Halbrite, as like- °'"'' "^ ®" wise from La Roche Percee, 8ouris river, in the district of Assiniboia ; from Knee Hill creek, a tributary of Red Deer river, in the district of Alberta, in the North-west Territory ; and from near Enderby, Yale district, in the province of British Columbia. Of coal, from the Springhill district, Cumberland county, and from near McLellan's brook, Pictou county, in the province of Nova Scotia ; from the vicinity of Morley, and from the north fork of the Old Man river, section 35, township 10, range 3, west of the 5th initial meridian, in the district of Alberta, North-west Territory ; and of an anthracitic coal from the north-west quarter of section 29, township 24, range 10, west of the 5th initial meridian, also in the district of Alberta, North- west Territory. ' 2. Analyses of the following iron-ores, namely — Of magnetite, from Of iron-ores. near Pincher creek, eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains, district of Alberta, North-west Territoiy ; and from near Enderby, Yale district, in the province of British Columbia. Of hematite, from the Rocky Mountains, south of Blairmore, district of Alberta, in the North-west Territory ; and of clay iron-stone from Collins Gulch, Tulameen river, Yale district, in the province of British Columbia. ' 3. Analyses, partial, of samples of copper-ore from — Westport, Digby of copper-ore. county, in the province of Nova Scotia ; York county, and from La Tete, Charlotte county, in the province of New Brunswick ; from the township of Orford, Sherbrooke county, in the province of Quebec ; and from mining location No. 2961, R. 455, north-east of Schreiber, district of Thunder Bay, in the province of Ontario. ' 4. Analyses, in i-egard to nickel content, of many samples of pyrrhotite, among which was one from the west-half of the tenth lot 188 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT Assays for gold and silver. Analyses of natural waters. Micellaneous examinations, 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 of the fourth concession of the township of Olden, Froutenac county, in the province of Ontario, which was found to contain 1-92 per cent of nickel. ' 5. Assays, for gold and silver, of samples of material from Mira Hill, near Jas. MacMillan's lake, south side of East Bay, Cape Breton county, in the province of Nova Scotia ; and from Warren's Landing, Mossy Point, northern extremity of Lake Winnipeg, in the district of Saskatchewan, North-west Territory ; as likewise from many other localities. ' 6. Analyses of building stones, that is to say, of a limestone from the immediate vicinity of Phillipsburg, on the east side of' Missisquoi lake, township of St. Armand, Missisquoi county, province of Quebec ; and of a limestone fi'om Carswell's quarry, Bryson, lot thirteen of the . first range of the township of Litchfield, Pontiac county, also in the province of Quebec. ' 7. Analyses, partial, of several graphitic schists from, among other places, the farms of Donald Mclnnis and McSween, Big brook, near West Bay road station, Inverness county ; and from near Baddeck, Victoria county, in the pro\ ince of Nova Scotia. ' 8. A.nalyses of natural waters (with the object of ascertaining their suit ibility for economic or technical purposes, or possible value from a medicinal point of view) from, among other localities : — A spring at Brook village, about seven miles east-south-east of the town of Mabou, Inverness county ; and from a well near the post office at Granville Centre, Annapolis county, in the province of Nova Scotia ; the How Spring, on the fifteenth lot of the third concession of the township of Fitzroy, Carle ton county, in the province of Ontario ; as likewise from a boaring in Courtright, on the eighth lot of Front street, or Front concession as it is sometimes called, in the township of Moore, Lamb- ton county, also in the province of Ontario ; and from a hot spring near the city of Vancouver, district of New Westminster, in the pro- vince of British Columbia. ' 9. Miscellaneous examinations, embracing the examination, accom- panied, in many instances, by a partial analysis, of such material as— Bog manganese (from Prince Edward Island), bog iron ore (from the province of Quebec), coals (from about four miles south of the town of Windsor, Hants county, and from Debert river, Colchester county, in the province of Nova Scotia ; and from two miles north-west of Flowers Cove, Grand lake, Queens county, in the province of New Brunswick), limestone (from near Windsor, Hants county, Nova Scotia), SUMMARY REPORT 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 shales; (from Peterboroutih, county of Peterborough, and from the tenth lot of the fourth concession of the township of Cartier, district of Algoma, in the province of Ontario), etc., etc. Also the examination and testing of numerous samples of clay in regard to their suitability for the manufacture of bricks — ordinary building brick, or fire brick, for pottery or other ware, from, among other, the following localities : — Near Baddeck, Victoria county ; Irish Cove, Richmond county, and some localities in Hants county, in the province of Nova Scotia; from Dutch Valley road, Sussex, Kings county, in the province of New Brunswick ; from near ' The Brook ' village, in the township of Clarence, Russell county, province of Ontario ; and from the north bank of the Red Deer, south-east quarter of section 20, township 38, range 27, west of the 4th initial meridian, in the district of Alberta, North-west Territory. ' In addition to the foregoing work, five hundred and thirty-six mineral specimens have been examined and reported upon more or less exhaustively. Although this is numerically less than in the preceding . year, the actual amount of work involved was very much greater. Very many of the specimens in question were brought by visitors ; the greater number, however, were received by mail or express from resi- dents in more or less distant parts of the Dominion. ' The number of letters personally written — chiefly of tlie nature of Correspon- reports, and embodying the results of examinations, analyses or assays, '^^"<^^- as the case might be, of mineral specimens — amounted to three hun- dred and six ; and of those received, to one hundred and fifty-eight. ' I have been most ably assisted by Mr. F. G. Wait in the general work of the laboratory. To this he has applied himself with consider- able assiduity, and, as a result, accomplished much in the way of analyses, partial and complete, of minerals and natural waters, in addition to having carried out a great variety of miscellaneous examin- ations. Mr. R. A. A. Johnston also rendered valuable aid in ihe carrying out of analyses during the early part of the'year. ' In the work connected with the mineralogical section of the museum I have, for the first eight months and a half of the year, that is to say, up to the 11th day of September, been assisted by Mr. R. L. Broad- bent, during which time he was engaged in the labelling and cataloguing of newly received specimens and in the maintaining of the collection generally in an orderly condition. 190 "" GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 museum. Additions to ' The additions to the mineralogical and lithological section of the museum during the past year embraced : — A .sectional model of the gold district of Goldenville, Nova Scotia ; made by E. R. Fairbault, B. A., Arc, of the Geological Survey. Chalcopyrite, from the twenty-sixth lot of the first range of the township of Hatley, Stanstead county, Quebec. Clay iron-stone, from the so-called twenty -feet seam of coal on Collins Gulch, Tulameen river, Yale district, B.C. Coal, from the Debert river, Colchester county, N.S. Coal, fi'om the Bailey and C. W. Wetmore lot, two miles north- westerly of Flowers Cove, Grand lake, Queens county, N.B. Coal, from near Morley, district of Alberta, N.W.T. Coal, from the north half of section 9, township 31, range 22, west of the 4th initial meridian, district of Alberta, N.W.T. Magnetite, from the eastern slope of the Rock}' Mountains, near Pincher creek, district of Alberta, N.W.T. Pyrrhotite, from the Avest-half of the tenth loth or the fourth con- cession of the township of Olden, Frontenac county, Ont. B. (Collected by members of the staff engaged in field-ivork in connection rvith the Sn,rvey). Ami, Dr. H. M. :— Sand, from the sand hills near Wellington, Prince Edward county, Ont. Broadbent, R. L. : — a. Magnesite, a series of specimens of, from various lots and ranges of the township of Grenville, Argenteuil county, Que. b. Edenite, from the fifteenth lot of the ninth range of the town- .ship of Grenville, Argenteuil county, Que. c. Antimony, native, from the DufFerin mine, on the eighteenth lot of the first concession of the township of Madoc, Hastings, county, Ont. d. Limestone, from the thirteenth lot of tlie first I'ange of the township of Litchfield, Pontiac county, Que. e. Lime, prepared from the same. Dowling, D. B., B.Ap.Sc. : — Semi-anthracite, from a seam on the South Branch of Sheep creek, section 11, township 19, range 7, west of the 5th initial meridian, district of Alberta, N.W.T. SLMMARV HKPOKT 191 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 Fletcher, Hugh, B. A. :— Core of sandstone conglomerate from a boring at Bear Brook, Additions to one mile and a half below the bridge over the East river at "'"**^"'"- New Glasgow, Pictou county, N^.S. McConnell, R. G., B.A. :— Clay, under, from a seam of lignite on Kock creek, Klondike river, Yukon district, N.W.T. McKinnon, Allan T. :— a. Gypsum, several blocks of, from the Wentworth quarry, Hants county, N.S. b. Manganite, several specimens of, from Bridgeville, East river, Pictou county, N.S. c. Limestone, several specimens of, from same locality as the last mentioned. d. Gypsum, several groups of crystals of, also from Bridgeville, East river, Pictou county, N.S. o. (Received as pi'esentations). Blue, John, Eustis, Que. : — Vivianite, from the twenty-fifth lot of the second range of the township of Hatley, Stanstead county. Que. Haycock, E. B., Ottawa, Ont. : — Corundum, from the fourteenth lot of the ninth concession of the township of Methuen, Peterborough countv, Ont. Soues, F., Clinton, B.C. : — Lignitified wood, from the Horsefly Gold Mining Companv's pio- perty. Horsefly river, Cariboo district, B.C. In addition to which, Mr. Willimott has received, for the purpose of making up collections, from : — Mr. I). Farry, of Perth, Ont.— Shell marl 25 pounds. Mr. A. McNeil, Halifax, ^\S.— Stibnite 100 Mr. Allan T. McKinnon, (Survey) — Specular iron ore 700 " Manganite 700 " ' In the earlv partv of August, Mr. C. W. Willimott was engaged in W >rk bv Mr. preparing a collection of minerals for the Dominion Exhibition, then about to be held in Toronto. This he very successfully accomplished by about the middle of the month. As a result of his efforts he 192 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 succeeded in bringing together a fine series of specimens illustrative of the mineral resources of the country. This, which weighed in the aggregate some thirty-eight thousand pounds, was forwarded by him to Toronto, and he himself followed shortly after to superintend the installation, which was accomplished in a very satisfactory manner. He remained in charge of the collection until the close of the Exhibi- tion"— September the 12th, when, having attended to the packing and reforwarding of the same to Ottawa, he returned to his customary duties at the Survey. School ' Previous to entering upon the foregoing work he was, and since of Snerals. his return from Toronto has been, engaged in making up collections of minerals and rocks for various Canadian educational institutions. The following is a list of those to which such collections have been i sent : — Number of Specimens. Public school, Xewtown, Kings Co., N. B 75 McKeough school, Chatham, Ont 100 Public school, Rossland, B.C 100 Literary Institute and School of Arts, St. Hyacinthe, Que. . . 100 High School, Barnston, Que 100 Dundurn Castle Museum, Hamilton, Ont 100 High School, Tilsonburg, Ont 100 Creigh«on St. School, Ottawa, Ont 100 High School, Uxbridge, Ont 100 Richmond County Academy, St. Peters, Cape Breton Co., N.S " 100 High School, North Bay, Ont 100 Ursuline Convent, The Pines, Chatham, Ont ... 75 High School, Vienna Ont 100 Stanford High School. Niagara Falls, Ont 100 High School, Nelson, B. C 100 Mutchmore Street School, Ottawa, Ont 100 High School, Quebec City, Que 100 Model School, Gananoque, Ont 75 High School, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton County, N.S. . . . 100 St. Louis Academy. Quebec City, Que 100 High School, Rat Portage, Ont 100 Collegiate Institute, Sarnia, Ont. 100 Archibald Street School, Ottawa, Ont 100 Public School, Searletown. P.E. I 75 Collegiate Institute, Cobourg, Ont 100 St. Ninian"s Street School, Antigonish, N.S 75 College de Vallevfield, Salaberry de Vallevfield, Que 100 St. J. B. DeSalle Academy, Ottawa, Ont 100 The Ladies College of the Congregation, Victoriaville. Que. 75 Convent de la Congregation, Arthabaskaville, C^^ie 75 District No. 2, Parish of St. James, Charlotte County, N.B. 75 Public School, Fergus, Ont 100 St. Malachie School, St. John, N.B 100 Fern Avenue School, Toronto, Ont 100 North Sydney Academy, N. Sydney, C.B., N.S 100 Public School, Smiths^Falls, Ont 100 Westside School, New Westminster, B. C. 100 Gault Institute, Vallevfield, Que 100 High School, Montague, P.E.I ^ 100 Lawrencetown School, Lawrencetown, N.S 100 DufFerin School, St. John, N.B 100 The Institute, West Bromwich 75 Acadiaville School. West Arichat, C.B., N.S 75 Total number of specimens 4050 I i SUMMARY REPORT 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 Work of the ]Mines Section. Mr. E. D. Ingall. On the work of the Mines Section, Mx\ Ingall reports as follows : — Scope of 'The work of the Mines Section has been continued along the lines ^^"'^' followed in past years and the staff has been occupied with the usual collection of data, statistical and technical, relating to the mineral industries and resources of the country and with the work of preparing and putting through press the annual report on these subjects. As usual, a statement giving a close approximation to the mineral pro- duction for the previous year was prepared in advance of the detailed general report and issued on the 27th of February. The full report for 1902 was completed and published early in December and contained besides the usual statistical data and explanatory material, special articles on coal, infusorial earth, salt, zinc, etc., similar to those embodied in former reports. Taking Canada as a whole, the mining industry has been fairly active ^iinfral during the year just closed. Compared with 1902, in some depart- ments there has been an increase in quantities produced, but a decrease in the prices obtained, while in others the opposite conditions have prevailed. After balancing these results against one another and taking into consideration improved, stationary and retrograde conditions in other branches, the nett showing appears to be a slight falling off in the total value. As a class, the totals of the metallic products decreased both in quantity and value, although copper and nickel were notable exceptions in both respects. The total of the non-metallic mineral products showed an increase, but not quite sufficient to offset the decline in the metallic class, so that in the grand total there appears to have been a decrease of about one per cent in the value of the output, which amounted to about sixty three and a quarter million dollars. The relative values of those individual pi'oducts, each of which Relative amounted to upwards of a million dollars, was in the following order : ^'^ "*^^' (1) gold, (2) coal and coke, (3) copper, (4) building material, (.5) nickel, (6) silver, (7) cement. Gold and coal constituted far the largest items, amounting to about 30 and 26 per cent respectively of the total. The diminution in the production of placer gold in the Yukon territory amounted to about 2^ millions of dollars on account of the progressive exhaustion of the richest deposits, but without a corresponding reduc- tion in the industry itself. In connection with the discussions which have taken place at the ^r ^i i sessions of the Canadian Mining Institute as to the correct way of adopted. 26—13 194 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 illustrating the value of Canada's mineral products, it may be as well to mention the standpoint adopted by the Mines Section in its treat- ment of the subject. It was agreed that it is chiefly essential to cor- rectly ascertain the quantities produced, eliminating all possible errors, and checking where possible by railway shipments, etc. As, however, quantities of such various substances cannot be added together it is manifestly necessary for the purpose of making up the grand total to adopt some basis of valuation which shall be comparable from year to year, so as to rightly illustrate growth. For the metallic ores, whose only uses are as sources of the metals and which are of such var}ang constitution, the final value of the amounts of the metals contained in the ores is manifestly the only common denominator or standard to which they can be brought. This is the method adopted by the United States Government and by that standard publication The Mineral Industry, issued annually by the Engineering and Mining Journal of New York. Otber Whilst other reliable authorities may properly adopt other methods equally correct and legitimate, with a view to illustrate the mineral industries from other standpoints, it is believed that the above method best meets the needs of this report. It must be borne in mind also, that this implies only to the general tabulation of the country's total min- eral production of all sorts, and that in the Section's full annual report, the details relating to the different industries are given in the body of the publication. For the non-metallic minerals it is manifest that only spot values can be adopted. They are practically all used as such and their value is a very variable quantity, often as far as the consumer is concerned, made up mostly of cost of carriage to the point of consumption. Thus the same material would have widely vaiying values at different points. The only other basis would be to value the material at its point of departure from the producer. This is found still to be only a rough approximation to uniformity, and each separate substance has to be considered by itself. Where there is some point of shipment or distribution common to a district, a more definite and uniform method can be arrived at, as with the phosphate of Quebec which was all handled at Montreal and the price was always quoted f.o.b. at that port. It must also be borne in mind that no presentment of data, statis- tical or otherwise, will meet the varying needs of the people likely to be interested in the subject. The consumer is interested chiefly in the price he has to pay for the article ; the producer in the value he can realize on his products. The main thing is to have the fundamental SUMMARY REPORT 195 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 data correct and to adopt a standard so definite and clear that any one can make the allowances necessary for the illustration of the industry from his particular standpoint. Bruce Mixes District. Mr. E. D. lyujall. In regard to the work under his charge in the Bruce Mines District, Ontario, Mr. Ingall reports as follows : — It had been arranged to proceed with the field-work begun in the Vg^^..^^.^ ^^ summer of 1902 in the Bruce Mines region, and with that intention work. Mr. Denis left Ottawa on the 4th of July. Owing to pressure of work in the office, howev^er, only three weeks could be spent in that field, during a part of which the weather was very unfavourable. In that time a beginning was made in the delimiting of the several greenstone belts which traverse the district. Two of these were traced out. One starting just west of the-Stobie or Cameron copper mine at Portlock, was mapped from a micrometer traverse through a distance of some three and a half miles. It runs just south of Desbarats lake, has a direction of N. 50° to 60" W., which coincides with the general strike of the rocks. This development of greenstone has the appearance of an intrusive sheet of diabase between beds of quartzite. The second greenstone area examined runs along the south side of the Canadian Pacific Railway from the Portlock road eastward. The direction of the ridge, which is nearly east and west was followed for one mile. This intrusion has the character of a boss more than of a sheet. The hand specimens of the rocks of both of the belts examined, seem to show the same constituents and to a great extent the same rock-structure. There was verv little mining activity in the district during the sum- t .^^, . . ° •' ° Little mining mer season. The Bruce mines hid not resumed work, and the Rock being earned Lake mine had greatly reduced its operations. The line of the Bruce ]\Iines and Algoma Railway has been completed from Bruce Mines village to the Rock Lake concentrator. The Richardson and the Cameron mines were both idle. During the latter part of the year, however, there have been reports of resumption of activity. Some iron ore locations north of Gordon lake have been tested by diamond drill holes, and the Bruce mines are said to ha%'e bf^en purchased by the International Nickel Company, which will perhaps shortly reopen and work them. On his return •26—131 196 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 trip to Ottawa, Mr. Denis spent a few days in the salt region of west- ern Ontario for the purpose of bringing the data of the Mines Sections up to date in regard to the production of salt. His observations are published in the Mines Section report for 1902, part S., Vol. XV. Mapping and Engraving. Mr. C. 0. Senecal, Geographer and Chief Draughtsman. Report of I have the honour to submit the following statement of the work and^hu'/'^ accompHslied under my supervision during the past calendar year : — . . ^ Mr. L. N. Richard has drawn and lettered for engraving, and pre- Assig^nment _ _ o c r of work. pared the colour copies of the following maps, viz.: — the Perth sheet (No. 119, Ont.), the Sudbury map, the West Kootenay sheet and the map of Hudson Bay and James Bay (duplicate set of three sheets). He also attended to sundiy work passing through the office. Mr. Richard is at present engaged in the preparation of the colour copies of the Haliburton sheet (No. 118, Ont.) and of the Pembroke sheet (No. 122, Ont.), for engraving. Mr. O. E. Prud'homme traced and lettei'ed the Apple River sheet (No. 100 and 101) and partly sheets Nos. 64, 75, 76, 82 and 83 of the Nova Scotia sei'ies of map-sheets ; also the plans of Isaacs Harbour, Gold River, and Cochran Hill gold districts of Nova Scotia. He has drawn for photo-lithographing a sheet of sections of the Souris coal- field, the map of ancient shore-lines of Ontario, and a small map for the Summary Report. He also prepared the colour copy of the Bancroft map, attended to miscellaneous work and to the distribution of maps held for sale. Mr. Prud'homme was granted leave of absence from September 1 to November 1. Mr. P. Frereault compiled new surveys on the Nottaway River map and prepared the colour copy for the same. He traced and lettered for engraving and made the colour copy of a two-sheet map of the • vicinity of Copper Cliff, Sudbury Mining District, Ont.; he traced the map of the Boundary Creek Mining district, B.C., the map of Blair- more-Frank coal-field, Alberta, and map-sheet No. 63, Nova Scotia. He has also lettered sheets Nos. 64, 75, 76, 82 and 83 N.S , for engrav- ing and has drawn for reproduction by photo^lithography, the map of Northern Ontario and Eastern Kee\vatin and a small map, showing the recent land-slide near Buckingham, Que. Mr. V. Perrin at intervals, attended to the cataloguing of maps and plans, prepared lists of instruments requiring repairs and attended to general work. He traced the map of Pictou coal-field, N.S., SUMMARY REPORT 197 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 for photo-lithographic reproduction and made sundry tracings of plans for otHce use. He is, at present, assisting Mr. Wm. Mclnnes in the compilation of the Ignace sheet (No. 5, Western Ontario), and in the preparation of a map of Winisk river, Keewatin, for the Summary Heport. Mr. J. A. Robert spent most of his time on the compilation of the series of one mile-to-the-inch sheets, covering part of Hants county, N.S. He revised the compilation of the map of Pictou coal-field, prepared the colour copies of sevei^al Nova Scotia sheets and traced the map of Springhill coal-field, N.S., for the lithographer. He has now in hand, the compilation of Mr. H. Fletcher's more recent surveys on the above-mentioned series of sheets, extending into Kings county. Mr. 0. O'Sullivan again accompanied Mr. W. J. Wilson in the field last summer. He spent some time in the preparation of his returns, plotting, etc., and continued the mapping of Mr. E. R. Fari- bault's surveys on the map-sheets covering Halifax county. Nova Scotia. Mr. W. J. Wilson compiled a map of northern Ontario and Eastern Keewatin, showing his surveys of 1902, as well as those of Mr. D. B. Dowling of 1901, to accompany the report of last year. He left for the field on May 26 and returned on September .30. He is now preparing a map of last season's surveys for the present Summary Report. Having received a valuable set of plans of surveys which were required for the mapping of the Michipicoten mining i-egion, Mr. Wilson will be able to resume the compilation of Dr. R. Bell's and his own surveys on sheet No. 143, Ontario, and carry it to completion without delay. Mr. J. Keele completed his map of the MacMillan river exploration and resumed work on the Eastern Ontario map-sheets, laying down on the Ottawa and Cornwall sheet (No. 120) the surveys of Dr. R. W. Ells and of the late Mr. N. J. Giroux. Mr. Keele has been on leave of absence from June 6 to November 1. Since his return he compiled a map of the Lake Temagami iron ore belts for Dr. A. E. Barlow. Mr. W. H. Boyd completed the map of the Boundary Creek mining district, B.C., and left for the Lardeau mining camps, B.C. as topographer to Prof. R. W. Brock, on June 18. Since his return, October 5, he spent his time in plotting his field notes, &c. Mr. J. F. E. Johnston returned from sick-leave at the end of November and resumed the plotting of his surveys of 1902. 198 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 Routine work. Geographic Board. Accompanj'- ing maps. The routine work has, as usual, been distributed among the staff and attended to, but, as I mentioned in my last year's report, the assist- ance of an employee to have the care of the manuscript maps and other documents, surveying instruments, &c., to do typewriting and general work, is ui'gently needed. The draughtsmen have to spend much time on work which could be more profitably done by a general office assistant. The stock of many maps is being rapidly exhausted, particularly of those which cover the regions of northern and north- western Ontario, and in the near future, new editions, brought up to date, will be required. Such editions, which often entail as much labour as new maps, would lead to tlie delay of other necessary work, unless provision is made with this in view. One or two more good draughtsmen are therefore required in this office to attend to map- compiling the year round, especially ks Messrs. Wilson, Keele and O'Sullivan who will hereafter have charge of field parties, can devote only a small part of their time to mapping. The meetings of the government Geographic Board have been regularly attended and, as usual, lists of place-names covering our maps now in progress have been submitted. The following ten maps, plans and sections, illustrating part of the progress made in the field during the past season, accompany the present Summary Report and Part A A, Annual Report, Volume XV. : — No. 842. — Map of part of the country between Peace and Athabaska rivers. Scale, 32 miles to 1 inch. No. 845. — Sketch-map of the Cretaceous coal-bearing rocks at the headwaters of Sheep creek and Elbow river. Alberta. Scale, 2 miles to 1 inch. * No. 846. — Exploration of the Winisk river and canoe-route from Fort Hope to Weibikwei or Winisk lake, Southern Keewatin. Scale, 16 miles to 1 inch. *No. 847. — Explorations of the canoe-route from Montizambert sta- tion on the Canadian Pacific railway to English River Post on Keno- gami river, and of the Little Current, Kebinakagami and Drowning rivers, Northern Ontario. Scale, 16 mites to 1 inch. No. 848. — Plan of the recent land-slide on the Lievre river, near Buckingham. Que. Scale, 12 chains to 1 inch. No. 849. — Transverse section of West Lake mine, Mount Uniacke gold district, Hants county, N.S. 'Maps Nos. 846 and 847 accompany Part A A, Vol. XV only. SUMMARY REPORT 199 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 ISTo. 850. — Transverse section, Dolliver mine, Isaacs Harbour gold district, Guysborough county, N.S. No. 852. — Map of the Northeast Arm and Vermilion iron ranges, Lake Temagami, Ont. Scale, 40 chains to 1 inch. No. 853. — Index map, showing new exploration in the vicinity of Lardeau, B.C. Scale, 8 miles to 1 inch. No. 862. — Map showing the older copper-bearing rocks of Southern Quebec. Scale, 10 miles to 1 inch. There are, at present, twenty-three maps in the King's Printer's Maps in hands at various stages, inclu ling the geological West Kootenay progress, sheet, the Apple River sheet, N.S., the Sudbury and Bancroft maps, Ont., and the Perth sheet, Ontario, of which the colour proofs have been revised and the edition is expected to be printed soon. In this number, are also included sheets Nos. 53, 59, 60, 61 and 62 of the Nova Scotia series and the map of the Klondike district which have been engraved, but the colour work is held over until the geological investi- gation in the fields covered by these sheets shall have been completed. There are about thirty other maps under compilation in the office. The testing and repairing of field-instruments has been attended to. Field instru- and the following new instruments have been purchased, viz.: — One Hadley sextant, No. 8, from Gary, London, Eng. One Folding Artificial Horizon, No. 13, from Gary, London. Six Prismatic compasses and tripods, Nos. 71 to 76, from Gary, London. One Zeiss monocular field-glass, No. 22, from Baush and Lomb, Rochester, N.Y. Four surve)'ing aneroid barometers Nos. 69 to 72, fi"om Harrison & Go., Montreal. One 66-feet steel tape. No. 15, from Keufi'el it Esser, New Yoi-k. Two clinometer-compasses, Nos. 7 and 8, from Keuffel & Esser, New York. One clinometer. No. 33, from Alex. Ross, Ponsonby, Que. Two 66-feet Ghesterman metallic tapes, Nos. 9 and 12, from De- partment of Stationery, Ottawa. One Pocket Folding Kodak, No. 24, from W. J. Topley, Ottawa. Two Premo cameras, Nos. 25 and 26, from W. J. Topley, Ottawa. One Stiick magnetometer. No. 1, from McGill University, Montreal. The number of letters, memoranda, specification sheets, etc., relating Correspon- to map-work, was 240 sent, and 125 received. dence. 200 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Maps published. An enumeration of the maps, plans, diagrams, &c., which were received from the printer during the calendar year, is appended here- with : — Catalogue Number. Description. Area in Square Miles. 810 The Dominion of Canada, showing the progress of investi- gation by the Geological Survey of Canada, 1843-1903. Scale, 250 miles to 1 inch. 80.5 Yukon— Explorations on MacMillan, Pelly and Stewart rivers. Scale, 8 miles to 1 inch. 791 British Columbia — West Kootenay sheet (economical min- erals and glacial striae.) Scale, 4 miles to 1 inch .... 6,400 808 Alberta— The Blairmore-Frank coal-fields. Scale, 180 chains to an inch 576 823 Assiniboia — Sections of Souris coal -field. 804 Manitaba — Orographic map of the lower contour of Turtle mountain. Scale, I5 miles to an inch. 720' Western Ontario— Geological sheet No. 4 (Manitou Lake .sheet. ) Scale, 4 miles to an inch 3,4.56 814 Ontario and Keewatin— Explorations .south-west of J ames Bay. Scale, 16 miles to 1 inch. 77.5 Ontario — The Sudbury mining region (Victoria Mines map. ) Scale, 1 mile to 1 inch ... ... 230 809 Ontario —Shore-lines of ancient great lakes. Scale, 24 miles to 1 inch 750 Quebec and Ontario— Geological sheet No. 121 (GrenviUe sheet. ) Scale, 4 miles to 1 inch 4,051 702 Quebec— Geological map of the Basin of Nottaway river. Scale, 10 miles to 1 inch. 802 Quebec— (^aspe oil-fields. Scale, 2 miles to 1 inch. 779, 780 Ungava and Quebec — Geological map of the east coasts of &781 Hudson Bay and James Bay, sheets I., II. and III. Scale, 8 miles to 1 inch. 801 Prince Edward Island Geological outline map of P. E. Island and portions of adjacent provinces, showing anticlines. Scale, 16 miles to 1 inch. 609 Nova Scotia— Geological sheet No. 46 (Pictou sheet. ) Scale, 1 mile to 1 inch 216 610 „ Geological sheet No. 47 (Westville sheet). Scale, 1 mile to 1 inch 216 6.33 M Geological sheet No. 47 (Eastville sheet). Scale, 1 mile to 1 inch 216 635 • ., Geological sheet No. 56 (Shubenacadie sheet). Scale, 1 mile to 1 inch 216 636 „ Geological sheet No. 57 (Truro sheet). Scale, 1 mile to 1 inch 216 637 >. Geological sheet No. .58 (Earltown sheet). Scale, 1 mile to 1 inch ■ . • . 216 812 IT Preliminary geological map of Springhill coal fields. Scale, 50 chains to 1 inch .... 113 806 II Sections of Bluenose gold mine. 773 II Plan and section of Tangier gold district. Scale, 2.50 feet to 1 inch. Also 8 diagrams showing the mineral production of Canada, 1902. i SUMMARY REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 Paleontology and Zoology. Dr. J. F. Whiteaves. Dr. Whiteaves reports that for rather more than three months (102 days, exclusive of Sundays) he has performed the duties of Acting Deputy Head and Director, during Dr. Bell's two visits to Europe and subsequent short absence from Ottawa. In addition to this, a preliminary report of a sub-committee of the "Committee on the Nomenclature of Geological formations in Canada," appointed especially to " consider the names of the various divisions of the whole sedimentary series in Canada, from the Arch«an up to the Pleistocene," has been prepared and read before the fourth section of the Royal Soci?ty of Canada at one of its meetings in May last. A study of the rather large collections of fossils from the Silurian Collections of rocks of the Equan river and Sutton lake, Keewatin, made by Mr. D. B. Dowling in 1901, has been completed, and the manuscript of a detailed and descriptive list of the species represented in it has been furnished to Mr. Dowling for publication as an Appendix to his forth- coming report on the Geology of that part of Keewatin. Some sixty- one species of marine invertebrata are represented in these collections, and of these, forty two are identified or described, both specifically and generically, and nineteen only generically. A commencement has been made of a study of some collections of fossils from the Silurian rocks of the Winisk river, Keewatin, made by Mr. Mclnnes during the past summer. Ten small consignments of fossils from the Corniferous limestone of Palseontolo- Ontario have been received from the Rev. Thos. Nattress, of Amherst- ^^f^^P^P*''"'' burg. These fossils have been determined as far as practicable and returned. A few pieces of rock from near Fernie, holding some rather obscure fossils, have been examined and the approximate horizon of this rock has been ascertained for the sender. The fossils are frag- ments of the iiuard of a belemnite, and the rock containing them is evidently either Jurassic or Cretaceous. Six short papers, descriptive or illustrative of fossils of special interest in the Museum of the Survey, have been written and published during the year. The first of these is descriptive of a new species of Cyrena (C. Albertensis) from the Belly River series at Fossil Coulee, Milk River Ridge, Alberta. The second is a note on three recently received " Crania of Extinct Bisons from the Klondike Creek gravels." All three appear to be referable to the great Alaskan bison. Bison 201 202 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 crassico7-nis, Richardson, teste Lucas, (=£. A/a^kensis, Khoads) which seems to have been the progenitor of both the Wood and Prairie bison. The third is a descinption, with figures, of a new Matheria (M. brevis) from the Trenton limestone at Ottawa. Only two other species of this genus are known. The fourth records the recognition of a well marked specimen of the exclusively Jurassic ammonitoid genus Cdr- dioceras in the Crows Nest coal fields, while the fifth and sixth are devoted to the elucidation of the Canadian fossils from the Black River limestone that have hitherto been referred to Lituites undatus. Zoological At the request of Section IV of the Royal Society of Canada, a Bibliography of Canadian Zoology for the year 1902, exclusive ot Entomology, was compiled and piesented at one of its meetings in May last for publication in its Transactions. A memorandum as to the number of species in the zoological collec- tion of the Survey, and of photographs illustrative thereof, was pre- pared for Professor Macoun in February last. At that date, the col- lection consisted of at least one set, and in some cases of three or four sets, of the eggs of 266, since increased to 271 species or subspecies of Canadian birds, and of 8"2 photographs of the nests, etc., of some of them, amid their natural surroundings. Apart from the extra correspondence necessitated by Dr. Bell's absence, the number of official letters received and answered has been about as usual. Additions to The following specimens have been received from members of the collections by Staff, or employees of the department, during the year 1903. members of staff. Ells, Dr. R. W. : — About 200 fossils from the pilpeozoic rocks of Charlotte Co., N.B. Chalmers, Dr. Robert : — Three species of fresh water clams (?7nio comp/anatus. U. ventricosus and U. luteolus) brought up by the Dominion government dredge from depths of 20 to 30 feet below the river level near the south shore of the St. Lawrence river at Sorel. Mclnnes, W. : — About 100 specimens of Silurian fossils fx'om the Winisk River. 1 2 species of marine and fresh water shells from the Pleistocene deposits of the Winisk River, and about 50 specimens of fresh water shells from that river. Two arrow-heads and some chip- ped flints from Attawapishkat (or Lansdowne) lake. Dowling, D. B. :— 28 Devonian and Carboniferous and Cretaceous fossils from the Cascade trough of the Rocky mountains. SUMMARY REPORT 203 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 Wilson, W. J.:— 28 specimens of .Silurian fossils from the Kebinakami River, Northern Ontario. Wilson, W. J., and O'Sullivan, O.:— 120 specimens of Silurian fossils from Little Current River, including a few that may be Cambro-Silurian ; and 37 Silurian fossils from Nagagami River, Northern Ontario. O'Sullivan, O.: — 29 specimens of Silurian fossils from Drowning Rivei', Northern Ontario. Spreadborough, W. : — Two sets of eggs of the American Magpie ; and one set each of the eggs of the Pigmy Nuthatch, Californian Crow and Dusky Horned Owl, from Penticton, B.C.; and of the American Three- toed Woodpecker from the Athabasca River. 125 skins of Birds and Mammals from Lake Okanagan, B.C., and 132 similar skins from the Peace River district. The additions to the paUeontological, zoological and archfeological By presen- collections in the Museum during 1902, and from other sources, are as follows : — By presentation : — (A. — Paleontology.) Colonel C. C. Grant, Hamilton, Ont. : — Numerous fine specimens of fossil polyzoa (bryosoa) from the Clinton and Niagara formations at Hamilton, and from the Niagara shales at Grimsby. Dr. C. F. Newcombe, Yictoria, B.C.: — Fossil leaves from the Cretaceous rocks of the Queen Charlotte Islands ; and a recent marine sponge from 300 fathoms off the West coast of those islands. Walter Harvey, Crofton, B.C.: — Two specimens of Plioladomya subelongata. Meek, fi'om the Cre- taceous rocks at Nanaimo, B.C. ; and four land shells from Crofton, B.C. Rev. Thos. Nattress, Amherstburg, Ont.: — Three fine specimens of a species of PoJypora and seven fragments of a monticuliporoid, from the Corniferous limestone at Pelee island, Ont. 204: GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 J. E. Narraway, Ottawa : — Specimen of Sfrophomena Billingsii, Winchell and Schuchert, from the Trenton limestone at Hull. T. C. Weston, Minneapolis, Min.: — One fine specimen each of Metoptoma, Melissa and M. Hyrie, from the Levis formation at Levis. Dr. Cephas Guillet, Ottawa : — Three specimens [of Cyllchna alba from the pleistocene clays at Odell's brickyard, Ottawa East. (B. Zoology.) Hon. William C. Edwards, Rockland, Ont. Section of trunk of a large oak tree with the femur of a ruminant embedded in its heart. C. H. Young Hurdman's Bridge : — Mounted specimen of the Screech Owl (Megascops asio). Dr. Roughsedge, Ottawa : — Six gastroliths of crayfish from Billings Bridge. H. Harley Sehvyn, Ottawa : — Nest and set of four eggs of the Chimney Swift (Chcetura pelagica) from Kirks Ferry, P.Q. Miss Kirby, Ottawa : — Hoary bat (Atalpha cinerea) caught at Gilmour and Hughson's mill, Hull. Dr. James Fletcher, Ottawa : — Live specimen of a large land snail ( Ej^iphragviojyhora fidelis, Gray) from Comox, V.I. K. Harry Meeking, Port Hope, Ont.: — Set of three eggs of the Western Red-tailed Hawk {Bnteo horealis calurus) from near Calgary, Alberta. P. J. Keeley, Ottawa : — Albino variety of the White-throated Sparrow, shot near Rock- cliffe. C. O. Senecal, Ottawa : — Specimen of the White Undereving (Catocila relicta). Olof. C. Hy lander, Caribou, Maine : — Named collection of the Fresh-water shells of Maine. SUMMARY REPORT 205- SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 « By purchase : Large and perfect burnt clay pot of Indian manufacture found by Mr. James Lusk in the township of Eardley, lot 20, range xi, Co. Wright, August, 1903. Brewer's Duck, male, shot near Thurso. A hybrid between the Black Duck and Mallard. Set of nine eggs of the American Merganser (Merganser Ameri- canus). Vertebrate Pal.eontology. Mr. Laicrence M. Lanihe. Mr. Lawrence Lambe reports as follows : — - In continuation of the work of reporting on the collections of verte- Work by Mr^ brate remains in the possession of this department, and in accordance with instructions received, my time, during a considerable portion of the past year, has been devoted to a study of the dinosaurian Dryplo- saurus incrassatus (Cope), from the Edmonton series of the Cretaceous system of the North-west Territories. The result of this work is intended to take the form of an illustrated quarto monograph to con- stitute the thii'd part of volume III of Contributions to Canadian Palfeontology in succession to the second part, which aj^peared in September, 1902, descriptive of the vertebrate fauna of the Belly River series. The manuscript for this monograph is more than half completed and the drawings intended for its illusti'ation, forming se\en full sized plates, are now ready. The importance of a more intimate knowledge of the fauna of the Edmonton series is apparent when it is borne in mind that the beds of this series in Alberta constitute the pi'incipal coal-bearing horizon of the district. As the Edmonton * series is regarded as the equivalent of the St. Importance of Mary River series of the country to the south, and of the Wapiti Erres^*"" River group of the Peace River district to the north, too much stress cannot be laid on the value of a thorough acquaintance with these beds. From an economic standpoint, as a horizon marker over a vast stret<;h of country to the east of the Rocky mountains, it is of the greatest importance. • At the request of the director of this department. Professor E. D. Cope of Philadelphia, published in 1892, a preliminary description of 206 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Resignation of Professor Henry Fair- field Usborn. Collections of fossils named.. Card catalogue. two excellently preserved skulls of Dryj)tosaurus collected by Mr. J. B. Tyrrell and Mr. T. C. Weston, in 1884 and 1889 respectively, in the Red Deer River district in Alberta. The memoir now in course of preparation is intended to take the place of a further description of these remains contemplated by Professor Cope but prevented by his death. It is to be sincerely regretted that the recent resignation of Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn, curator of the department of Vertebrate Palaeontology of the American Museum of National History, New York, as an honorary member of the staff of the geological survey has to be recorded. The value of the co-operation of so eminent a scientist in the palaeontological work of this department cannot be overestimated and the loss sustained by his much regretted withdrawal from active participation in that work, as honorary vertebrate pala?ontologist, is manifest. During the months of February, March and April, a general study of the vertehrata, both fossil and living, was undertaken by me in New- York at the American Museum of Natural History and at Columbia University under Professor Osborn. Special post-graduate courses at the latter institution were taken advantage of and every facility was given me at the American Museum for the study of the magnificent collection of vertebrate remains in its possession. Before returning to Ottawa the following museums were visited, U. S. National Museum, Washington, the Museum of Yale Universit}', New Haven, Conn., the Museum of Princeton University, Princeton, N.J., and the Carnegie Institute, Pittsburg, Penn., and a special and careful examination was made of the extensive collections of vertebrates in each of these institutions. Thanks are due to the scientific heads of these museums for facilities afforded in the study of material in their care. Collections of fossils, chiefiy corals, have been named during the year, for different officers of the department for use in the determina- tion of ge®logical horizons, and similar collections have been named for outside collectors who sought like information. Attention is directed to the desirability of mounting in a permanent and attractive manner those specimens of the vertebrate collections that have been recently described and figured, and of providing space for their exhibition to the public. A permanerct mount in the case of all heavy or fragile specimens is necessary in anticipation of any movement to which such specimens may be subjected, otherwise the risk of irreparable injury is great, e-^en with the most careful handling. A card catalogue of literature appertaining to vertebrate paU«onto^ logv, with special reference to that of the Dominion, has been' started and considerable progress made therewith. SUMMARY REPORT 207 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 Some time has been devoted to the stv(dy of vertebrates other than those of the Edmonton series, the results of which will be submitted for publication as occasion may permit. The usual official correspondence in connection with the progress of the work on hand has b3en attended to as in the past. During the year the following j^apers have been published : — 'On Stegoceras and Stereocej)halus,^ Science, new series, vol xviii., p. GO. 'The lower jaw of Drypfosaiirus incrassatus (Cope),' Ottawa Natur- alist, vol. xvii., jD. 133, with plates I, II and III. Botany and Ornithology. Pr-ofessor John Macoun. After handing in my summary leport last December, I continued working on Part II of my Catalogue of Canadian Birds and before spring this was completed, the proof read and by the beginning of May it was ready for the binder. While reading the proof of this part, the material for Part III, which completes the work, was being put in .shape and it will go to the printer early in 190-1:. As an example of the notices of this %ork showing how it is appre.. ciated in the United States, I give below the review of Part II in ' The Auk/ which is the official organ of the American Ornithological Union. The reviewer is the editor of the journal. 'The first part of this important work appeared in 1900, and its general character and scope were so fully indicated in this journal (vol. xvii, Oct., 1900, pp. 394, 39.5). that it remains now only to chronicle the appearance and extent of Part II, which includes the Raptores, and the succeeding families of the A. O. U. Check List to and including the Icteridaj. As in Part I, we have a compendium of the previously pub- lished information regarding the range and breeiing areas (jf the species known to occur in North Anierica north of the United States, supplemented by a large amount of hitherto unpublished material gathered by the members of the Canadian Geological Survey, and contributions from a large number of trustworthy correspondents. The authority is given for each record, whether published or unjjublished, thus explicitly designating the sources of the information here presented. In the case of published record;-, the place of publication is often, but not always, explicitly .stated. The ' Catalogue ' also includes a list of the specimens in the Government Museum at Ottawa, with full data as to their place and date of capture, &c.' 'It is announced that Part III, completing the work, is ready for the press, and ttiat it will be published during the coming winter. It will include such information relating to species mentioned in Parts I and II as may have been received since their l)ublication, as well as an index to the three partn, and a complete bibliography of the authorities consulted in the preparation of the work. The 'Catalogue' will thus be a work of great permanent value, and a most important contribution to our know- ledge of the distribution of North American birds. — J. A. A.' Early in May, Mr. J. M. Macoun, my assistant, was instructed to proceed to Peace river and make an extended exploration there. His absence threw all the office work upon me, and hence the only field- 208 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 work I did this year was in the vicinity of Ottawa. For years I have been collecting material for my vai'ious publications and, amongst others, I am preparing one on Canadian Fungi, which, when issued, will be Part VIII of my Catalogue of Canadian Plants. On this account my time was chiefly devoted to a study of the fungi in the vdcinity of Ottawa. On account of our work having been always in the west, for the last 15 years, we have never had a complete series of the Ottawa plants in our herbarium : so this year I collected over 900 species and only about 300 others are necessary to complete our local collection. For the last 15 years we have been gathering the material for a Catalogue of Canadian Mammals, and at present have over 1,000 skins of the smaller mammals from nearly every section of the country. Towards spring I purpose putting these in order and hope to publish a Catalogue of Canadian Mammals in the winter of 1904. By an arrangement with you, Miss Stewart works half her time for me and the other half for the librarian, so that about 15 hours per week is the limit of her services for me. This, taken into considera- tion with the increasing work of the office, leaves very little time to either myself or my assistant for original work. Owing to our widen- ing field of labour and the amount of material requiring distribution, it is absolutely necessary that I should have more clerical assistance if appreciable progress is to be njjide with our work. A great deal of the time of both my assistant and myself is taken up by work that could .be done by an intelligent person ir hose services were entirely at our disposal. My assistant Mr. James M. Macoun was occupied in field-work for more than five months. The remainder of the year was spent by him in the office, where his time was devoted to the study of material brought by him from British Columbia in 1901 and 1902. All the plants added to the herbarium were studied and named by him and the greater part of the botanical work of my branch is now under his charge. About 3,000 specimens of plants for the herbarium were received from correspondents, the largest collection being a duplicate set of Engelmann's plants from the St. Louis Botanical Gardens. The num- ber of flowering plants mounted and placed in the herbarium was 2,133 which brings the total up to 60,648. Only 1,427 sheets of specimens were sent out in exchange, as Miss Stewart had not the time to label more. Eight hundred and ten official letters were written during the year and about the same number received. SUMMARY REPORT 209 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 The Library. Dr. John Thorhurn, Librarian. During the past year, from January 2 to DecenilDer 31, 1903, there have been distributed 15,693 publications of the Geological Sur- vey, comprising reports, parts of reports, special reports and maps. Of these 12,397 were distributed in Canada; the remainder, 3,296, in foreign countries, as exchanges, to Universities, Scientific and Literary Institutions and to a number of individuals engaged in scientific pux-- suits. The sales of publications, during the above period, including reports and maps, amounted to $727.22. There were received as donations or exchanges to the library, 3,300 publications, including reports, transactions, proceedings, memoirs, periodicals, pamphlets and maps. Publications purchased, 136, scien- tific periodicals subscribed for, 42. The number of letters received in connection with the librai-y was 2,260, besides 2,750 acknowledgments from exchanges and individuals for publications sent to them. The number of letters sent from the library was 1,739, besides 629 acknow- ledgements for publications received. There are now in the library about 13,700 volumes, besides a large number of pamphlets. The number of volumes bound was 219. A large number of the earlier reports and maps are now out of print and can no longer be supplied. As has been frequently stated, the space available for library pur- poses has hitherto been altogether insufiicient, causing a large amount of unnecessary labour and time in finding infoi-mation. During the past summer an additional room has been fitted up to relieve the pres- sure. This will be a great convenience for those ha\'ing -occasion to consult the books. It may be stated that the library is open for consultation by persons wishing to obtain information in regard to scientific subjects. Visitors to the MuseuiM. The number of visitors who signed the museum register during the year was 27,837. 26—14 210 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Staff, Appropriation, Expenditure and Correspondence. The staff at present employed numbers 57. During the year the following changes took place in the permanent staff: — Mr. Albert P. Low re-appointed a technical officer. Mr. Thomas Burke, caretaker, died. Mr. James A. McGee appointed a juniur second class clerk. Mr. John F. Lyons appointed caretaker. The funds available for the work and the expenditure of the depart- ment during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, were : — Details. Grant. Expenditure. Civil list appropriation General appropriations .... Civil list .salaries Explorations and surveys . . Wages of temporary employees Printing and lithographing Purchase of books and instruments . . M chemicals and apparatus II si^ecimens Stationery, mapping material and King's Printer . Incidental and other expenses Advances to explorers Deduct paid in 1901-02 on account of 1902-03. Unexpended balance civil list appropriation. II general m $ cts. 54,275 45 78,866 73 133,142 18 $ cts. 50,806 83 23,815 10 24,570 30 27,496 93 1,569 40 660 09 93 18 1,417 91 3,361 34 10,545 00 144,336 08 14,782 99 129,553 09 3,468 62 120 47 133,142 18 The correspondence of the department shows a total of 7,970 letters sent, and 10,764 received. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant. January 1, 1904. ROBERT BELL, Acting Deputy Head mid Director. SUMMARY REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 APPETn)IX The following thirteen samples from the Klondike district were assayed for gold by Mr. M. F. Connor. No. 1. Sample marked Skookmn gulch : White subtranslucent quartz with vitreo-resinous lustre ; weight of sample, 1 lb. 4 oz. It contained no gold. No. 2. From Lepine creek, marked ' Billy Button ' ; weight of .sample, 1 lb. An association of non-stained quartz with a little feldspar. It contained gold, a decided trace. No. 3. Normans creek (Chisholm's claim) ; sample weighed 14 ozs., composed mainly of quartz with brown stains of iron oxide. It contained gold, a trace. No. 4. Lepine creek (claim of Cornelius Lowney) ; sample weighed 13 J ounces. An association of quartz with sericite schist coloured deep brown by iron oxide. It contained gold, a trace. No. 5. Sample marked ' Violet Group,' and composed of quartz with slight iron stains ; weight of sample, 1 lb. It contained gold, a trace. No. 6. McKinnon creek (Britannia mine) ; sample of quartz-conglom- erate weighing 1 lb. It contained no gold. No. 7. Renter creek (Great Eastern) ; weight of sample, 14 ozs. An altered sericite schist. ' It contained gold, a decided trace. No. 8.' Sample marked ' Great Eastern Dyke ' ; weight of sample 1 lb. A highly altered feldspathic rock. It contained gold, a decided trace. No. 9. Marked ' Spotted Fawn ' ore ; a sample weighing 1 2 ozs. A dark grey quartzite. It contained no gold. No. 10. From head of Victoria gulch ; a sample weighing 1 lb. 2 ozs. Mainly quartz (with cubes and grains of pyrites) associated with sericite schist. It contained gold, a decided trace. 211 212 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 No. 11. Lepine creek (Tupper claim); sample weigh inj-- 1 lb. 5 ozs. Mainly (|uartz with a little sericite schist. It contained no gold. No. 12. From McKinnon creek, sample marked 'Blue Rock,' a blue quartz ; weight of samj)lp, 10 ounces. It contained no gold. No. 13. From Hunker creek, below Gold-bottc^m ; weight of sample, 1 i ounces. An association of quartz, feldspar and a little calcite ; the mass stained with iron oxide. It ccjntained gtjld, a trace. 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 A. 1904 ABBREVIATIONS. Alta. District of Alberta. B.C. British Columbia. N.B. Pro\ ince of New Brunswick. N.S. Province of Nova Scotia. N.W.T. Northwest Territories. (). Province of Ontario. (2- Pro\ince of Quebec. P.AGE. Abrasives, publications on 31 Actinolite mines in Elzevir town- ship, O. , geology of 13.5 Adams, Dr. F. D., work by ... . 3 Albertite, publications on 22 All Gold creek, Klondike dis- trict, description of 36 Amber, publication on 31 Amjgdaloid in Manitoba , note on 9 Analyses made, summary of. . .187-192 fossil fuels 187 iron ores 187 copper ore 187 gold and silver. ... 188 natural waters . . 188 miscellaneous 188 Anthracitic coal, Sheep creek valley , 87 Antimony, publication on 31 Apatite, publications on . . . . 19, 23, 25 Appropriation and expenditure . 210 Archaean rocks of Little Current river, O .-•.■•• 112 Arragonite in Lardeau district. B.C 51 Arrowhead, B.C., description of rock slide 55 Arsenic, publication on 31 Asbestus in Lardeau district, B.C., note on 80 Asbestus, publication on 31 Atkinson brook, River Hebert, N.S., note on boring for coal 162 Badger, H. S., notes by, on cyanide process at Mic- Mac mine 183 Badshot claim, Lardeau district, B.C., description of 71 Bafiinland. publication on 30 Barlow, Dr. A. E., work bv.. . 6 report by 120-133 Batholith in Kootenay district, B.C 97 Beaver harbour, N.B., rocks of.. 151 Bell, F. C, work by 4, 83 Big Droi.\-ning river, Kenogami river, O., description and geology 113 Big Lake coal mine, N.S., des- cription of seam 166 Bluenose mine. Golden ville, N. S. , note on 179 P.AGE. Bog iron ore prospected in Hali- fax county, N.S 185 analysis of 185 Botanical work 11, 207 collection, additions to 208 Bow river, Cascade coal biu^in on 88 Boyd, W. H., work by 4, 42 Brick-claj' and limestone quarries of Pugwash, N.S 163 British Columbia economic min- erals, publications on 29 work in 42 Broad bent, R. L., work by 189 Brock, R. W., work by 4 report by 42-81 Brook trout in Albauj- river, Keewatin district 101 Bruce Mines district, 0 195 little mining activity 195 Bulletins, publication of 14 Camborne group, Lardeau dis- trict, B.C., description of gold mines 62 Cameron, A., work by 175-185 Camsell, C, work by 2 quoted on amygdaloid 9 Cai>e d"Or, N.S., copper of 170 Carroll mine, Charlotte county, N.B., log of boring 158 assay of nickel ore 158 Cascade coal basin, on Bow river Alta 88 sketch of basin • 88 Catalogues of economic minerals, descriptive, publication of. 20 Chalmers. Dr. R., work by 6 report by 140-143 Charlotte county, N.B., geology of 150-160 former work .. ., 150 geology of county 151 character of fossils 153 chemical work 10-187 Chertj' carbonate of iron found near Iron lake, 0 127 Cheticamp, N.S., explorations at 172 Cheverie. N.S., section of bore- hole.. 101 Chlorite schists in Lardeau dis- trict, B.C.. 52 Chromite, pulilications on 31 Coal, publications on 21-31 Coal basins in the Rocky moun- tains 83-91 214 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 PAGE. Collection, additions to botanical 208 to mineralogical ... 190 to palffiontological 203 to zoological 204 Collections of minerals distri- buted to schools 192 note on 16 Collingwood, N.S., coal .seams of 164 Conglomerate in Lardeau dis- trict, B.C 51 Connor, M. F., work by 10 Conns Mills, N.S., conglomerates of 166 Contact of Palseozoic and Ar- chaean rocks 115 between lower and upper Huronian 127 Copper, ijublications on 23-31 Cordilleran ice sheet in Lardeau district, B.C 48 Correspomlence of Dr. Hoffmann 189 of the department . . 210 Corundinn, publications on 26 Corundum mines, Craigmont, O., note on 132 Craigmont, O., note on corundum mines 132 Crown King claim, Lardeau dis- trict, B.C., note on. 76 Cruickshank, J. McG., work by 175-185 Country harbour, N.S., gold district examined 178 Cyanide process for extraction of gold 183 Daly, Dr. R. A., work by 5 report by 91-100 Denis, T. , work by . 5 Diabase schist in Lardeau dis- trict, B.C 52 Dolliver Mountain mine. Upper Isaacs Harbour, N.S., notes on 177 Dominion creek, Klondike dis- trict, description of 36 Dominion exhibition, Toronto note on 15 letter from manager 15 Do\v1ing, D.B., work by 4 report by 83-91 Dresser, J. A., work by 2, (> report by 146 -149 Dykes, section of, Porcupine creek, B.C. 55 of olivine diabase, Temagami district, O 130 of Yamaska mountain, Q 146 Eastern Township, Q,, copper- bearing rocks of 146-149 early development work ... . 146 rocks of pre-Cambrian age. . . . 147 Sutton area 147 Eustis mine 148 copper belt of Lake Megantic. 148 mines of the Acton belt 149 Lake Memphremagog 149 Economic minerals, principal, of Canada . 10 publications on 13, 18 PAGE. Educational collections of 'min- erals, note on 16 Elbow river, Alta., section of fault-blocks 87 Ells, Dr. R. Hugh, work by 6 report by 133-136 Ells, Dr. R. W., work by 6 report by .136-139 report by 150-160 Electric storms, a source of forest fires 49 Eruptive rocks in Lardeavi dis- trict, B.C 52 Eva Group, gold mines in Lar- deau district, B.C 59 ExMbit of Canadian minerals in New York, proposed per- manent 16 Exhibitions, value of displays of Canadian mineral products at 13 Faribault, E. R,, work by 7 report by 174-186 Feldspar, publications on 32 Ferguson camp, Lardeau district, B.C., note on mining operations 64 Field instruments purchased .... 199 Fish river camp, Lardeau dis- trict, B.C., description of 58 Five-mile, Lardeau district, B. C. , description of silver mill. . 68 Fletcher, H. , work by 7 report by lt)0-174 Forest fires, from electric storms. 49 Fossil shells from Winisk river, Keevvatin district 108 Fossils, collections of, studied . . 201 Frank, Alta., rock-slide at 8 Frye island, N.B., rocks of 153-15 Gabbro porphyrites in Lardeau district, B.C 52 Glaciation of southern Selkirks, B.C.... 93 of Winisk river, Keewatin dis- trict 104 of Nagagami river, O 118 Glaciers and glaciation of the Lardeau district, B.C 45-48 Gold, publications on 21-30 assaj's for 211 field, Lardeau distiict 58 Gold fields of Nova Scotia 174-186 gold districts exainine.i. 175 Upper Isaacs harbour 177 Country harbour district 178 Goldenville district 179 Miller lake district.. 180 Harrigan cove district 181 Oldham district 181 Mount Uniacke distiict. .... 182 Cyanide process for extraction of gold 183 Gold quartz of the Bayonne com- pany Kootenay district, B.C 99 Gold Park group, Lardeau dis- trict, B.C., note on 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 215 Page. GoldenviUe, N S., gold district examined 179 Goldsmith claim, Lardeavi dis- trict, B.C., geology of . . . 75 Granite in Lardeau district, B.C. 53 Granite stocks in Kootenay dis- trict, B.C. 97 mode of intrusion 98 ( rraphite, publications on 23, 32 (iypsum, publications on 32 Gypsum of Saltsprings, N.S. . . . Iflo Hantsport, N.S., borehole given up ..... 161 Harrigan cove gold district, N.3., note on 181 Hastings county, O., svirveys in. 133 Haycock, Prof. E., work by . . .2, 6, 150 Hoffmann, Dr. G. C, report by. 187-192 Hunter mountain, N.S., coal reported at 173 Huronian rocks of Temaganii district, O 12S Ice sheet, Cordilleran, in Lardeau district, B.C .- • .- -^^ Iceland spar in Lardeau district, B.C., note on ■SO Ingall, £. D., work by 5 reports by 193-196 International boundary. West Kootenay, geology of . . . . 91-100 general topography 92 scenery and glaciation 93 lack of fossils 94 geological formations 95-100 International geological congress 17 Inverness, N.S., increased pro- duction of coal 172 Iron ore, exploitation for 130 132 rules for guidance 130, 131 Iron ores, publications on 19-27 Jaspilvte, development of 127 Johnston, R.A.A., work by .. 6, 150, 189 Kabinakagami river, Kenogami river, O., description of. . . 114 geology of It5 Keewatin, southern, work in ... . 5 Kennetcook river, N.S., coal of. 171 Kenogami river, O., branches surveyed 5 topography and geology . . .109-120 King, C. F., work by . . 8 Klondike district, work in , . 34 42 production of gold field ... 35 condition of camjj 35 old creeks restaked 36 All Gold creek 36 Lower Dominion creek 36 cost of mining 37 methods of mining 38,39 quartz mining 40 work in Violet grou]i 40 II in Lepine creek 40 M in Ogilvie range 40 lignite mining 41 Ko-KoKo Iron Range of Tema- gami district, O., note on. 126 Kootenay valley, B.C., origin of 97 Labrador, publications on 23 Lake of the Mountain, Prince Edward Co., 0 134 Pagk. Lake Superior iron district, geo- logical excursion to 121 Lambe, L. M., work by 11 report by 205 Landslides in Lardeau district, B. C, description of 56 Lang, A. G., work by J(2 Larch saw-fly, Keewatin district . 106 Lardeau district, B.C., work in the 4,-12-81 introduction 42 physiography 43-45 glaciers and glaciation 45-48 vegetation . 48 general geology 49 stratified rocks 50-51 eruptive rocks 51 ages of rocks 53 distribution of rocks 53 attitude of rocks 54 landslides 55 development of the district. . . 56 transportation facilities. 57 mining geology . . 58-81 Fish river camp 58 Eva group 59 Oyster-Criterion group 60 Camborne group . . 62 Ferguson camp 64 Nettie L. mine , .... 64 Silver cup mine 66 Triune mine 69 Trout lake district 71 Poplar creek district 72 Lucky Jack mine 74 Swedes' group 75 Gold Park group 76 North Star group 76 Spyglass group 76 placer mining 77 general remarks 78 where to prospect 80 economic minerals. 80 Lead, publications on 32 Leamington, N. S., boring for coal ... 168 Lepine creek, Klondike district, work done in 40 Lepreau harbour, N.B., rocks of. 154 LeRoy, O. E., work by 3, 120 Letite island, N.B., rocks of. . .153, 154 Library, reix)rt on 209 Lievre river, Q., clay -slide 8, 13(i-13!) causes and character of area . . 137 amount of displacement 138 Lignite mining in Klondike dis- trict 41 Little Current river, Kenogami river, O., general descrip- tion of. 110 geology of 112 Low, A. P. , work by 7 Lower Carboniferous rocks of Salt springs, N.S 163 Lowest coals of S{)ringhill sec- tion, N.S 163 Lucky Boy mine, Lardeau dis- trict, B.C., description of. 71 Lucky Jack mine, Lardeau dis- trict, B.C., geology of . . . . 74 216 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. \904 Page. Mabou, N.S., note on mines 172 Macoun, Prof. J., work by 11 reports by 81-83, 207 Macoun, J. M., work by 4 report by - . . 81 Maps issued and in preparation . 198-200 publication of 13 Ma^nesite, publication on 32 Magnetite, occurrence of. South Fork of Salmon river, B.C. 100 of Temagami district 125 Magnetic work in e.xploring iron ranges 122 Malagash point, N.S., coal seams of .... 165 Manganese, publications on 32 Manitoba, publications on . . . 28 Mapleton, N.S., boring for coal. 168 mapping and engravmg 196 Marble in Lardeau district, B.C. 51 Mascarene series of Charlotte county, N.B 154 McConnell, R. (1. , work by 3 report by 34-42 Mclnnes, W., work by 5 report by 100-108 McKinnon, A. T., work by 160 McLeod, M. H., work by.^ . 160, 175, 185 Melanoplu» birittatus in Keewa- tin district 101 ISIercury, publications on 32 Mica, publications on 33 Miller, Prof. W. G., quoted on the discovery of silver and cobalt 9 Millers lake, N.S., gold district examined 180 Mines section, work of the. ..10, 193-195 review of mining in 1903 . . . 193 Mineral pigments, iniblication on 33 Mineral waters, publication on. . 33 analyses of 188 Minerals added to museum 190 distributed to schools 192 inquired for 11 Mineralogical work 189 collection, additions to 190 Mining statistics 10 Moores Mills, Charlotte county, N.B., nickel at 159 Mount ITniacke, N. S., gold dis- trict e.xamined 132 Mountain, Lake of the, O 134 Museum, additions to 190-191 contributions to 202-205 visitors to ... 209 Nagagami lake, O., description of 117 Nagagami river, O., survey of . . 5 description of 116 geology of 118 timlier and fauna 119 Natmal gas, publications on ... . 27, 33 Nematus Erichsonii, Keewatin di.strict 106 Nettie L. mine, Lardeau dis- trict. B.C., description of. 64^66 value of the ore ... 66 New Brunswick, economic min- erals, publications on 22 work in 150 PAmE. New Ross, N.S., discovery of manganese ore 186 Nickel, publications on 26, 33 Nickel ore, Charlotte county, N.B., assays of 158 Nomenclature, committee on geological . . 16 North Star g^oup, Lardeau dis- trict, B.C., note on 76 Northeast Arm Iron Range of Temagami district, O. , limits of 125 Northwest Territories, publica- tions on 28 Nova Scotia, economic minerals, publications on 21 work in the northern part. . . .160-174 gold fields of Nova Scotia 174-186 See ' gold.' Nova Scotia and Mexican gold mine, Golden ville, N.S., note on '. . . 180 Nystrom, E. , work by 122 Obukamiga lake, O., description of 117 O'Hara, W. F., work by 92 Oldham gold district, N.S., e.\- aniined 181 Ontario, economic minerals, publications on 25 work in 109 OrniLhological work 207 Osborn, Prof. H. F., work by. . . 206 O'Sullivan, O., work by. . . ..5, 109, 175 Oyster-Criterion gold mine in Lardeau district, B.C., description of CO, Pa.lffiontological collection, addi- tions to 203 publications 11, 201 work 205 Palmer's, Dr. W., patent for utilization of phosphate rock 17 Papiliomachaon on the Nagagami river, O 1 18 Peace river country, N.W.T., work in 4 report on 81-83 character of soil . . 82 cattle raising 82 available timber 82 Penhallow, Prof. D. P., work by 11 Percy lake. Little Current river, O., note on Ill Perry .sandstone group of Char- lotte county, N . B 151 probable age 151 thickness of formation 152 Petroleum, jiublications on 19-33 Phosphate, |>ublications on 33 Phosphate rock, utilization of . . . 17 Platinum, publications on .... 33 Pollys brook, N.S., coal seams of. 163-165 Poole, H. S., work by 2 Poplar creek district, Lardeau district, B.C., description of 72-74 INDEX 21T SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 Page. Porphvrites of Temagami dis- trict, O 128 erabbro, in Lardeau district, B.C 52 Port Hood, N.S., boring at 171 mines 172 Prince Edward county, O., sur- veys in 133 geology of 134 Precious metals, publications on. 33 Precious stones, publications on. 31 Publications ;f the department. 12,18-34 Pugwash, N.S., brick-clay and limestone quarries of . . . 163 copper ore of 167 Pyrites, publication on . 34 Quartz porphyries of Temagami district, O 128 Quartzite in Lardeau district, B. Q. ... 51 Quebec, publications on ... 23 work in 136 Quebec, surface geology of sou- thern part 140-143 character of peat bogs 140-141 fluviatile sands. 142 marine deposits . . 142 boulder clay 142 r.iised shore lines 142 agricultural character 143 Page, Soapstone, publication on 34 Spar, Iceland, in Lardeau dis- trict, note on 80 Spicers cove, N.S., boring for coal 1G2 Spreadborough, W., work by.. . . 4, 81 Springhill collieries, N.S., min- ing at .. . .^ 170 Springhill junction, N.S., ex- plorations near 167 Spyglass group, Lardeau dis- trict, B. C. , geology of . . . 77 St. Anne. N.S., coal reported at 173 St. .Joseph, Lake, Keewatin dis- trict, temperature of 100 vegetation near the foot 101 St. Louis Exhibition, note on. . . 16 St. Stephen, X. B., nickel- bearing rocks of 154, 155 Staff, strength of 210 Stewart, Miss, work by 208 Stratified rocks in Lardeau dis- trict, B.C 50 Sudb ry, O., progress of nickel deposits 120 Swedes' group, Lardeau district, B.C., geology of 75 Sydney coal field, N.S., explora- tions in 174 Richardson mine. Up ler Isaacs harbour, N.S., note on ... . Richardson's zinc mine. Olden, O., geology of Ridge river, a branch of the Kabinakagami, O Robert, .J. A., work by Rodnej', N.S., coal seams near. . Salt, publications on 19, 27, 34 Section of lime-dikas. Porcupine creek, B.C 55 of coal seams, Sheeocreek, Alta 86 M Elbow river, Alta 87 of Cascade coal basin 88 178 135 115 160 171 Temagami district, Nipissing district iron ranges Terrace.s in Laid eau district, B.C. Tetrahedrite, note on Thompson, X.S., coal seams of. . . iThrnst-faults, WestKootenay, B. C iTodd mines, Charlotte county, ' N.B., note on Topographical work indispensable iTriune gold mine, Lai-deau dis- I trict, description of Trout lake mineral belt, Lardeau district, B.C Trout lake valley, B.C., des- cription of 120-13? 124 48. 72- 164 96 155 69 45 Selkirk mountains, B.C., height of Selwyn, P . H. , work by Seneca), C. O., report by. Sheep creek, Alta., exploration for coal . description of coal seams on foothills analysis of coal coking coal Silurian rocks of Big Drowning river, O Silver, publication on Silver cup mine, Lardeau district, B.C., description of character of ore cost of mining Silver and cobalt, discovery of, near Haileybury. Q Silver mill at Five-mile, Lar- deau district, B.C., des- cription of ... . 44 2 196 4 83 83 84 84 113 27 Uglow, work by Upper Maccan river, X.S., coal seams of Upper Isaacs harbour, X.S., gold district examined Van Hise, Prof., quoted 126, 130 Vermilion Iron Range of Tema- gami district, O., extent of Vertebrate ]5alaBontology, work on Violet grouj), Klondike district, work done in 40 Visitors to museum 209 16& 177 125 205 66-68 67 67 68 'Wait, F. G., work by 189 Westchester, X.S.. coal seams of 164-166 Western isles, X.B., rocks of ex- I amined 154 ■jWhiteaves, Dr. J. F., work by. . 11 report bv 201-205 iWillimott; C. W., work by 15-191 I Wilson, W. J., work by 5 ! report by ' 109-120 26—15 218 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Page. | Winisk river, Keewatin district, j Young, G. A., work by. . geology and survey of ... . 100-108 [ report by tributaries, fossils and trees . . . 104 106 | Yukon district, work in. Page. 2, 6 .. 144-146 3, .S4 Yaniaska mountain, Q., geology jZinc iniblication on 34 of 144-146 Zinc mine in Olden township, O., nature of rocks 144 , geology of 135 distribution of types . 145 iZoological work done 11, 202 dykes 146 I collections, additions to 204 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1904 DOMIIN^ION^ OF CA^N^D^^ ANNUAL EEPORT DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1903 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1904 [No. 27—1904.] J li 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1904 To His Excellency^ the Right Honourable the Earl of Minto, Governor General of Canada, Sc, &c.j &c. May it please Your Excellency: — The undersigned has the honour to present to Your Excellency the Annual Report of the Department of Indian Affairs for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Respectfully submitted. CLIFFORD SIFTON, ' Superintendent General of Indian Affairs. Ottawa, Jan., 190 i. 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1904 TABLE OF CONTEXTS PART I. PAGE. General Index vii Report of Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Aifairs xvii Report of Indian Commissioner for Manitoba and jSTorthwest Territories. 236 " " Superintendent for British Columbia 314 " " Agents and other Outside Officers 1—322 " Principals of Boarding and Industrial Schools 323 PART 11. Tabular Statements : — Receipts and Expenditure of Boarding and Industrial Schools 3-37 School Statement 38-57 Indian Land Statement 58-60 Census Return 61-95 Agricultural and Industrial Statistics 96-158 Commutations of Annuity 159 Officers and Employees 160-174 Appropriation Accounts 175-6 Indian Trust Fund Accounts 176 i 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1904 GENERAL INDtX. A. Pa(JE. Abenakis of Becancour, Que., " St. Francis, Que.. Agriculture, Abtahkakoop's Baud, Carltou Agency, N.W.T. AllDerni Boarding Scliool, B.C., Alert Bay Girls' Home, B.C., .A.lert Bay Industrial School, B.C., .-Alexander's Band, Edmonton Agency, N.W.T. .411 Hallows Boarding School, Yale, B.C., Algonquins of Golden Lake, Ont., River Desert. Que., " Tiraiskaming, Que. Alnwick Band, Ont., Amalecites of Cacouna, Que., Viger, Que., Annapolis County, N.S., Micmacs, Annuity Commutations, Antigonish County, N.S., Micmacs, Appropriation Accounts, Arsenault, J. O., Ashton, Rev. R., Aspdin, Thos. W., Assabaska Band, Man., Assiniboine Agency, N.W.T., Aylsworth, Wm. R., H. Desilets, M-D A. O. Comire, M.D yS'ee ' Agricultural and Industrial Statis- tics,' Part II, pages 96-158 ; also side headings in each report : ' Agriculture,' ' Buildings,' ' Crops,' ' Farming,' ' Farm Implements,' and 'Stock' J. A. Macarthur Jas. R. Motion A. W. Corker Jas. Gibbons Sister Superior Amy Martin Mullin W. J. McCaffrey A. Burwash J. Thackeray Edouard Beaulieu /S'awe as ' Amalecites of Cacouna ' John Lacy See ' Commutations of Annuity,' Part II, p. 159 John R. McDonald See 'Return B,' Part II, pp. 175-6 Prince Edward Island Superintentlency. . Mohawk Institute, Brantford, Ont Assiniboine Agency R. S. McKenzie Thos. W. Aspdin Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte, Ont 42 42 15:{ 403 410 424 166 421 8 44 58 16 45 45 63 68 80 326 134 104 134 19 B. Babine and Upper Skeena River Agency, B.C., Baiter, Leon, Bastien, Antoine 0. Batchewana Band, Ont., Battleford Agency, N.W.T., Industrial School. " Inspectorate — Agencies " " Schools, Bathurst Band, N.B., Bay of Quinte, Ont., Mohawks, Beardy's Band, Duck Lake Agency, N.W.T., Beaulieu, Edouard, Beausoleil, Chippewas, Ont., Beaver Lake Band, Saddle Lake Agency,N.W.T. Becancour, Que., Abenakis, Beckwith, Chas. E., Begg, Magnus Bell, Ewen, Berens River Agency, Manitoba Suptcy., , Bersimis Agency, Que., " Band, Big Cove Band, N.B., Big Island Band, Man., Birdtail Sioux Band, Birtle Agency, Man., Birtle Agency, Man., " Boarding School, Bishop Christie (Clayoquot) Boarding School, B.C., Blackfoot Agency, N.W.T., " Boarding Schools, Blain, Jean, Blood Agency, N.W.T., " C.E. Boarding School, " R.C. R. E. Loring Blue Quill's Boarding School, N.W.T.. Hurons of Lorette, Que Wm. L. Nichols J. P. G. Day Rev. E. Matheson W. J. Chisholm Wm. D. Carter Wm. R. Aylsworth W. E. Jones Amalecites of Viger, Que Chas. McGibbon G. G. Mann H. Desilets, M.D Micmacs of King's County, N.S. Crooked Lake Agency, N.W.T. Williams Lake Agency, B.C Rev. John Semmens A. Gagnon 245 355 46 24 136 391 195 456 60 10 162 45 1 183 42 74 156 303 81 51 54 C2 103 Wm. D. Carter R. S. McKenzie G. H. Wheatley 141 / 140 E. H. Crawford 3-50 Rev. P. Maurus J. A. Markle H. W. Gibbon Stocken.. . Iroquois of Caughnawaga James Wilson Arthur de B. Owen Rev. J. L. LeVern, O.M.I 410 145 351 48 149 352 354 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Brue Quill's Boarding School, Alta., Boening, Rev. H., Bousquet, Rev. P., O.M.I., Brandon Industrial School, Man., British Columbia, Buctouche Band, N.B., Buffalo Bay Band, Man., Burnt Church Band, N.B., Burwash, Adam, B — Concluded. Page. Leon Baiter 355 Williams Lake Industrial School, B.C 441 Pine Creek Boarding School, Man 338 Rev. T. Ferrier 341 Superintendent Vowell 314 Wm. D. Carter 63 R. S. McKenzie 103 Wm. D. Carter .' CO Timiskaming Agency, Que 58 C. Cacouna, Que., Amalecites, Cahill, Rev. C, O.M.I., Calgary Inspectorate — Agencies, Schools, Calgary Industrial School, N.W.T., Cameron, Rev. A.^ Cameron, B. D., Cape Breton County, N.S., MicmacB, Cape Croker, Ont., Chippewas, Carlton Agency, N.W.T., Carion, Rev. A. M., O.M.I., Carruthers, H. A., Carter, Wm. D., Cattle, Same as 'Amalecites of Viger'... Rat Portage Boarding School, Ont. Alex. McGibbon 45 340 204 46o 393 69 36 Rev. Geo. H. Hogbin Eskasoni Agency, N.S Six Nation Indians, Ont Rev. A. Cameron, Rev. D. M. MacAdam.. 69-78 John Mclver 3 J. A. Macarthur Kamloops Industrial School, B.C Pelly Agency, N.W.T Northeastern Division of New Brunswick See ' Agricultural and Industrial Statis- tics,' Part II, pages 96-158 ; also side heading 'Stock' in each report J. Blain J. O. McGregor See ' Census Return,' Part II, pages 61-95. Jos. Courtney Caughnawaga, Que., Iroquois, Cecilia Jeffrey Boarding School, Ont., Census, Chemawawin Band, Sask., Chipewyan Baud, Onion Lake Agency, N.W.T., w. Sibbald Saddle Lake Agency, N.W.T.,G. G. Mann Chippewas of Beausoleil, Ont., Same as 'Christian Island' Cape Croker, Ont., Same as ' Chippewas of Nawash ' Christian Island, Ont., Chas. McGibbon " Georgina and Snake Islands, Ont., John Yates Nawash or Cape Croker, Ont., John Mclver " Rama, Ont., " Sarnia, Ont., " Saugeen, Ont., " Thames, Ont., Walpole Island, Ont., Chisholm, W. J., 151 429 179 59 48 334 D. J. McPhee A. English John Scoffield S. Sutherland J. B. McDougall Battleford Inspectorate Christian Island Band, Ont., Clandeboye Agency, Man., Clayoquot Boarding School, B.C., Christian Island Band, Ont., Coccola Rev. N., Cockburn Island Band, Ont., Colchester County, N.S., Micmacs Comire, A. O., M.D., Conroy, H. A., Coqualeetza Industrial School, B.C., Corker, A. W., Cote's Band, Pelly Agency, N.W.T. , Courtney, Joseph, Couchiching Band, Ont., Cowichan Agency, B.C., Cowessess' Band, Crooked Lake Agency, N.W.T. Magnus Begg. Cowessess' Boarding School, Crawford, E. H., Crooked Lake Agency, N.W.T., Crops, N.W.T. -Agencies Schools. . Chas. McGibbon Rev. John Semmens Rev. P. Maurus Chas. McGibbon Kootenay Industrial School, B.C Robert Thorburn Thomas B. Smith Abenakis of St. Francis, Que Treaty No. 8, N.W.T Rev. Joseph Hall Alert Bay Girls' Home, B.C Industrial School, B.C H. A. Carruthers Pas Agency, Manitoba Superintendency. . John P. Wright W. R. Robertson Crowfoot Boarding School, N.W.T., Crowstand Boarding School, Assa., Cumberland Band. Pas Agency, Sask. " County N.S., Micmacs Cunningham, E. J., Rev. S. Perrault, O. M. I Birtle Boarding School Magnus Begg See ' Agricultural and Industrial Statis- tics,' Part II, pages 96-158 ; also side headings in each report Rev. J. Riou, O.M.I W. McWhinney Jos. Courtney ^ F. A. Rand, M.D Onion Lake R.C. Boarding School 9?. 176 189 1 3 1 2 3 4 5 .39 6 41 195 456 1 84 410 1 432 9 70 42 234 426 410 424 179 90 87 2.54 159 359 350 156 356 358 92 70 377 GENERA L INDEX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Dandurand, Sister L. A., Dauphin, Rev. L., O.M.I., Day, J. P. G., Delmas, Rev. H., O.M.I., DeBeck. G. W., Desert River, Que., Algonquins, Desilets, H., M.D., Desmarais, Rev. A., O.M.I. , Devereux, P. A., Digby County, N.S., Micmacs, D^trham, Rev. Geo., Dokis Band, Ont., Donckele, Rev. G., Dorais, Rev., J. B., Doucet. Rev. L., O.M.I., Duck Lake Agency, Sask., " Boarding School, Eagle Lake Band, Ont., Edmonton Agency, N.W.T., Edmunston Band, N.B., Education, Eel Ground Band, N.B., Eel River Band, N.B., Elkhorn Industrial School, Man., Emmanuel College, Prince Albert, Sask., Employees, English, Adam, Enoch's Band, Edmonton Agency, N.W.T. Ermineskin's Boarding School, Alta., Escoumains Band, Que., Eskasoni Agency, N.S., D. P.\GE. St. Albert Boarding School, Alta .385 Ermineskin's Boarding School, N.W.T 365 Battleford Agency, N.W.T 136 Thunderchild's Boarding School, N.W.T. 386 Kwawkewlth Agency, B.C 291 W. J. McCaffrey 44 Abenakis of Becancour, Que 42 St. Bernard's Mission R. C. Boarding School 372 Surveys, British Columbia 321 Jas. H. Purdy 71 Lytton Industrial School, B.C 437 W. B. Maclean 32 Kuper Island Industrial School, B.C 434 St. Boniface Industrial School. Man 348 Peigan R. C. Boarding School, Alta 380 W. E. Jones 161 Rev. M. J. P. Paquette, O.M.I 361 E. R. *S. McKenzie 108 .Tn , Oibbons 164 Jas. Farrell 64 See page 323 ; also side heading ' Educa- tion,' in each Indian agent's report ; also Part II, pages 3-57 Wm. D. Carter 61 " 59' A. E. Wilson 344 Rev. Jas. Taylor 363 See ' Offcers, and Employees,' Part II, pages 160-174 Chippewas of Sarnia 5 Jas. Gibbons 164 Rev. L. Dauphin, O.M.I 365 A. Gagnon 54 Rev. A. Cameron .- 69 r. Farrell, James Ferrier, Rev. T., File Hills Band, Qu'Appelle Agency, N.W.T. File Hills Boarding School, Fort Frances Agency, Manitoba Suptcy., Fort William Band, Ont., Fo"i{ William Orphanag'^, Eraser, Rev. John, Eraser River Agency, B.C., Gagne, Rev. J., Gagnon, Adolphe Galbraith, R. L. T., Gambler's Band, Birtle Agency, Man., Garden River Band, Ont., George, Rev. T. T., Georgina Island. Ont., Chippewas, Gibbons, James, Gibson or Watha Band, Ont., Gillespie, Kate, Golden Lake Agency, Ont., Gordon's Boarding School, N.W.T., Gore Bay Agency, Ont., Grand Rapids Band, Saskatchewan River, Graham, W. M., Grant, W. S., Grassy Narrows Band, Ont., Guillod, Harry, Guysborough County, N.S., Micmacs, Northern and Western Divisions of New Brunswick 64 Brandon Industrial School 341 W. M. Graham 185 Kate Gillespie 366 J. P. Wright 85 J. F. Hod'der 26 Sisters of St. Joseph 325 Micmacs of Richmond County, N.S "6 R. C. McDonald 261 G. Micmacs of Maria, Que 51 Bersimis Agency, Lower St. Lawrence.. 54 Kootenay Agency, B.C 286 G. H. Wheatley 142 Wm. L. Nichols 22 Mount Elgin Industrial Institute 328 John Yates 5 Edmonton Agency, S.W.T 164 W. B. Maclean 34 File Hills Boarding School, N.W.T 366 Martin Mullin 8 M. Williams 367 Robert Thorburn 9 Jos. Courtney 94 Qu'Appelle Agency, N.W.T 182 Hobbema Agency, N.W.T 168 R. S. McKenzie 107 West Coast Agency, B.C 290 John R. McDonald 68 DEPARTMEyr OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Hagaii, Samuel, Halifax County, X.S., Micmacs, Hall, Rev. Jos., Hants County, N.S., Micmacs, Harlow, Charles, Haynes, W. R., Hendry, W. A., Henvey Inlet Band, Ont., High River Industrial School, Alta Hobbema Agency, X.W.T., Hodder, J. F., Hogbin, Rev. Geo. H., Holy Angels Boarding School, Lake Hugonard, Rev. J., Hungry Hall Bands, Ont., Hurons of Lorette, Que., H. Page. Thessalon Agency, Ont 37 Rev. Chas. K. McManus 72 Coqualeetza Industrial Institute, B.C.... 425 A. Wallace 73 Micmacs of Queen's and Lunenb\irg Coun- ties, N.S 76 Peigan C. E. Boarding School, X.W.T... 379 Portage la Prairie Boarding School, Man. 339 W. B. Maclean 31 ., Rev. A. Naesens 405 W. S. Grant 168 Ojibbewas of Lake Superior, Western Di- vision 2o Calgary Industrial School, N.W.T 393 Athabaska, Sister McDougall 269 Qu'Appelle Industrial School, N.W.T 39.5 J. P. Wright : S6 A. O. Bastien 46 Indian Commissioner for Manitoba and N.W.T. Indian Island Band, N.B., Indian Reserve Commissioner, B.C., Indian Supt. for British Columbia, Indian Trust Fund Accounts, Industries, Inspection of Agencies, " Schools, Inverness County, N.S., Micmacs, Iroquois of Caughnavvaga, Que., " St. Regis, Que., Irwin, Archibald, Irwin, R. G., Isle a La Crosse Boarding School, N.W.T., Islington Band, Man., I. ,Hon. David Laird. Wm. D. Carter . . . A. W. Vowell . . . . See 'Return C,' Part II, page 176 See side heading in each report ' Occupa- tions,' and names of industries See ' L. J. Leveque,' ' W. J. Chisholm,' ' A. McGibbon,' ' S. R. Marlatt' and ' S. vT. Jackson See ' W. J. Chisholm,' ' A. McGibbon ' ' S. R. Marlatt' and ' S. J. Jackson' Rev. D. McPherson J. Plain George Long Kamloops-Okanagan Agency, B.C Micmacs of Shelburne County, N.S Rev. H. Simonin, O.M.I R. S. McKenzie 236 62 320 314 48 49 272 77 370 101 J. Jackson, S. J., Lake Winnipeg and Rat Portage Inspec- torate— Agencies 115 " Lake Winnipeg and Rat Portage Inspec- torate— Schools 442 James Roberts' Band, Carlton Agency, N.W.T., J. A. Macarthur 1.56 James Seenum's Band or Whiteflsh Lake Band, N.W.T., G. G. Mann 1S8 James Smith's Band, Duck Lake Agency,N.W.T.W. E. Jones 162 John Smith's Band, Duck Lake Agency, N.W.T., " 162 Jones, W. E., Duck Lake Agency, Sask 161 Joseph's Band, Edmonton Agency, N.W.T., Jas. Gibbons 167 K. Kopwayawakenum's Band, Carlton Agency,Magnus Begg 1.58 Kamloops Industrial School, B.C., Rev. A. M. Carion, O.M.I 429 Kamloops-Okanagan Agency, B.C., A. Irwin 272 Keeheewin's Band, Onion Lake Agency,N.W.T., W. Sibbald 174 Keeseekoowenin's Band, Birtle Agency, N.W.T.,G. H. Wheatley J4l Kenemotayoo's Band, Carlton Agency, N.W.T., J. A. Macarthur 154 Key's Band, Pelly Agency, N.W.T., H. A. Carruthers 170 King, Geo. Ley, Shingwauk and Wawanosh Homes, Sault St. Marie, Ont 330 King's County, N.S., Micmacs, C. E. Beckwith 74 Kingsclear Band, N.B., Jas. Farrell 66 Kisickonse's Band, Pelly Agency, N.W.T., H. A. Carruthers ISO Kootenay Agency, B.C., R. L. T. Galbraith 2S6 Industrial Schol, Rev. N. Coccola 432 Kopwayawakenum's Band, Carlton Agency, ^'•W.T., J. A. Macarthur i:4 Kuper Island Industrial School, B.C., Rev. G. Donckele 434 Kwawkewlth Agency, B.C., G. W. DeBeck 201 GENERA L INDEX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 L. Lac Des Milles Band, Ont., Lac la Biche, Saddle Lake Agency, N.W.T., Lac la Croix Band, Ont., Lac Seul Band, Ont., Lacy, John, Laird, Hon. David, Lake Manitoba Inspectorate— Agencies, Schools, Lake Athabaska Boarding School, N.W.T., St. John, Que., Montagnais, Superior, Ojibbewas, Timiskaming Band, Que., " Two Mountains Band, Que., Winnipeg Inspectorate, Man. — Agencies, •' " Schools, Lands, Lennox Island Band, P.E.I. , Leveque, L. J. Arthur, LeVern, Rev. J. L., O.M.I., Lesser Slave Lake C. E. Boarding School, R. C. Little Forks Band, Ont., Little Pine's Band, Battleford Agency, N.W.T. Long, Geo., Long Lake Band, Ont., Long Sault Bands, Ont., Lorette, Que., Hurons, Loring, Richard E., Lousley, J. A. G., Lunenburg County, N.S., Micmacs, Lytton Industrial School, B.C., R. S. McKenzie G. G. Mann J. P. Wright R. S. McKenzie Micmacs of Annapolis County, N.S Indian Commissioner for Man. and N.W.T S. R. Marlatt Sister McDougall . Alphonse Marcoux /S'ee Ojibbewas .... A. Burwash Jos. Perillard S. J. Jackson See Indian Land Statement, Part II, pp. 58-60 J. O. Arsenault Qu'Appelle Inspectorate — Agencies Blood R. C. Boarding School, N.W.T C. D. White Rev. A. Desmarais, O.M.I J. P. Wright ,J. P. G. Day Iroquois of St. Regis J. F. Hodder J. P. Wright A. O. Bastien Babine and Upper Skeena River Agency, B.C Norway House Boarding Charles Harlow Rev. Geo. Ditcham School. AGE. 105 ISO !^9 lOG 68 2.36 109 4.-0 3C9 52 58 50 11.5 442 80 225 351 370 372 S7 137 49 29 86 46 245 336 76 437 Mac. or Mc. MacAdam, Rev. D. M., Macarthur, J. A., McCaffrey, W. J., Macdonald, A. J., McDonald, A. R., McDonald, J. R., McDonald, R. C, McDougall, J. B., McDougall Orphanage, Morley, Alta. McFarlane, Wm., McGibbon, Alex., McGibbon, Chas., McGregor, J. C, Mclver, John, McKay, Rev. H., McKenzie, Robert S., Maclean, W. B., McLeod, Rev. J. D., McManus, Rev. Chas. B., McNeill, A. J., McPhee, D. J., McPherson, Rev. Donald, McWhinney, W., Sydney Agency, N.S 78 Carlton Agency, N.W.T 151 Algonquins of River Desert, Que 4 4 Micmacs of Victoria Comity. N.S 7ri Moravians of the Thames, Ont 21 Micmacs of Antigonish and Guysborough Counties, N.S 68 Eraser River Agency 261 Walpole Island Agency 41 J. W. Niddrie 375 Mississaguas of Rice and Mud Lakes, Ont. 17 Calgary Inspectorate, N.W.T. — Agencies.. 204 Schools. . . 465 Chippewas of Beausoleil, Ont 1 Cecilia Jeffrey Boarding School, Ont 334 Chippewas of Nawash, Cape Croker, Ont. 3 Round Lake Boarding School, N.W.T 382 Rat Portage and Savanne Agencies 100 Parry Sound Superintendency, Ont 29 Micmacs of Pictou County, N.S 75 Micmacs of Halifax County, N.S 72 Sarcee 'Agency, N.W.T 18:1 Chippewas of Rama 4 Micmacs of Inverness County, N.S 73 Crowstand Boarding School, Assa 358 M. Maganettawan Band, Ont., Manitou Rapids Bands, Ont., Manitoulin Island, unceded, Manitowaning Agency, Ont., Manitowapah Agency, ]\Ian., Maniwaki Reserve, Que., Mann, George G., Maria, Que., Micmacs, W. B. Maclean 34 C. L. D. Sims 13 J. P. Wright 86 C. L. D. Sims 16 11 S. Swinford 95 W. J. McCaffrey 44 Saddle Lake Agency, N.W.T 187 Rev. J. Gagne 51 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 M — Concluded. Page. Marcoux, Alphonse, Montagnais of Lake St. John 52 Markle, J. A., Blackf oot Agency, N.W.T 145 Marlatt, S. R., Lake Manitoba Inspectorate — Agencies.. 109 Schools. .. 109 Martineau, H., Touchwood Hills Agency, N.W.T 192 Matheson, Rev. E., Battleford Industrial School, Sask 391 Matheson, Rev. J. R., Onion Lake C. E. Boarding School, Sask.. 378 Maurus, Rev. P., Clayoquot Boarding; School 41 () Metlakahtla Industrial School, B.C., John R. Scott 43S Michel's Band, Edmonton Agency, N.W.T., Jas. Gibbons 16:^ Michipicoten Band, Ont., Wm. L. Nichols 24 Micmacs of Annapolis County, N.S., John Lacy PS Antigonish County, N.S., John R. McDonald OS " Cape Breton County, N.S., Rev. A. Cameron, Rev. D. M.MacAdam.. 09-7S Colchester County, N.S., Thomas B. Smith 70 Cumberland County, N.S., F. A. Rand, M.D 70 Digby County, N.S., Jas. Purdy 71 Guysborough County, N.S., John R. McDonald 68 " • Halifax County, N.S., Rev. Chas. E. McManus 72 Hants County, N.S., A. Wallace 73 " Inverness County, N.S., Rev. D. McPhersou 73 King's County, N.S., Chas. E. Beckwith 74 Lunenburg County, N.S., Charles Harlow 76 Maria. Que., Rev. J. Gagne . . 51 Pictou County, N.S., Rev. J. D. McLeod 75 " Prince Edward Island, J. O. Arsenault 80 Queen's County, N.S., Charles Harlow 76 Restigouche, Que., J. Pitre 51 Richmond County, N.S., Rev. John Eraser ; 76 " Shelburne County, N.S., R. G. Irwin 77 Yarmouth County, N.S.. W. H. Whalen 79 " Victoria County, N.S., A. J. McDonald 79 Mingan Band, Que., W. D. B. Scott 56 Mississagi River, Ont., Ojibbewas, S. Hagan 38 Mississaguas of Alnwick, Ont., John Thackeray 16 " Mud Lake, Ont., Wm. McFarlane ... 17 " Rice Lake, Ont., " 17 Scugog, Ont., A. W. Williams 19 Mistawasis Band, Carlton Agency, N.W.T., j. A. Macarthur 1-52 Mohawk Institute, Brantford, Ont., Rev. R. Ashton 326 Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte, Ont., Wm. R. Aylsworth 19 Montagnais of Lower St. Lawrence, A. Gagnon 54 " " W. D. B. Scott 56 Lake St. John, Que., Alphonse Marcoux 52 Moose Lake Band, Pas Agency, Sask., Jos. Courtney 93 Moose Mountain Agency, N.W.T., W. Murison 171 Moosomin's Band, Battleford Agency, N.W.T., J. P. G. Day 138 Moravians of the Thames, Ont., A. R. McDonald 21 Morell Band, P.E.I., j. O. Arsenault 80 Morrow, Geo. W., Northwest Coast Agency, B.C 293 Motion, Jas. R., Alberni Boarding School, B.C 408 Mount Elgin Industrial Institute, Ont., Rev. T. T. George 328 Mud Lake, Ont., Mississaguas, Wm. McFarlane 17 Mullin, Martin, Golden Lake Agency, Ont 8 Munsees of the Thames, Ont., S. Sutherland 6 Murison, W., Moose Mountain Agency, N.W.T 171 Muscowequan's Boarding School, N.W.T., Rev. J. E. S. Thibaudeau, O.M.I 373 MuscoNvpetung's Band, Qu'Appelle Agency,N.W.T.W. M. Graham 183 N. Naessens, Rev. A., High River Industrial School 405 New Brunswick, Wm. D. Carter and Jas. Farrell 59-64 Niacatchewenin Band, Ont., J. P. Wright 88 Nichols, Wm. L., Ojibbewas of Lake Superior, Eastern Di- vision 22 Nickickonsemenecanning Band, Ont., J. P. Wright 88 Niddrie, J. W., McDougall Orphanage, Morley, Alta 375 Nipigon Band, Ont., J. F. Hodder 27 Nipissing Band, Ont., W. B. Maclean 32 Northwest Angle Bands, Ont., R. S. McKenzie 102 Northwest Coast Agency, B.C., Geo. W. Morrow 293 Norway House Boarding School, J. A. G. Lousley 336 Nova Scotia, See under names of counties, also under 'Micmacs' (;exeral ixdex SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 O. Pagk. Oak Lake Sioux Band, Birtle Agency, Man., G. H. Wheatley 141 Oak River " " " " 141 Obidgewong Band, Ont., Robert H. Thorburfi 10 Ochapowace's Band, Crooked Lake Agency, N.W.T, Magnus Begg 157 Officers, -S^ee Officers and Employees, Part II, pages 160-174 Ojibbewas of Lake Superior, Eastern Division, Wm. L. Nichols 22 " " Western Division, J. P. Hodder 26 Ojibbewas of Mississagi River, Ont., S. Hagan 37 Oka Band, Que., J. Perillard ^•- •• 50 Okanagan Agency, B.C., A. Irwin 272 Okemassis' Band, Duck Lake Agency, N.W.T., W. E. Jones 162 One Arrow's Band, Duck Lake Agency, N.W.T., " 161 Oneidas of the Thames, Ont., S. Sutherland 6 Onion Lake Agency, N.W.T., W. Sibbald 173 C. E. Boarding School, Rev. J. R. Matheson 378 R.C. " B. J. Cunningham .377 Ooneepowhayo's Band, Onion Lake Agency, W. Sibbald 174 N.W.T., Oromocto Band, N.B., Jas. Farrell 67 Owen, Arthur de B., Blood C. E. Boarding School, Alta 352 P. Paquette, Rev. M. J. P., O.M.I., Paquin, Rev. J.. S.J., Parry Island Band, Ont., Parry Sound Superintendency, Ont., Pas Agency, Sask., Pas Band, Sask., Pasquah's Band, Qu'Appelle Agency, N.W.T. , Paul, (Miss) Hannah M., Paul's Band, Edmonton Agency, N.W.T., Pays Plat Band, Ont., Peigan Agency, N.W.T., C. E. Boarding School, " R. C. Pelly Agency, N.W.T.. Pelican Narrows Band, Sask., Perillard, Jos., Perrault, Rev. S., O.M.I. , «- Petaquakey's Band. Carlton Agency, N.W.T., Piapot's Band, Qu'Appelle Agency, N.W.T., Pic Band, Ont., Pictou County, N.S., Micmacs, Pine Creek Boarding School, Pitre, Jeremie, Point Grondin Band. Ont., Ponton, A. W., D.L.S., Population, Port Simpson Boys' Boarding School, B.C., Port Simpson Girls' Home, B.C., Portage la Prairie Agency, Man., " Boarding School, Pottawattamies of Walpole Island, Ont., Poundmaker's Band, Battleford Agency,N.W.T. Prince Edward Island, Purdy, James H., Puskeeahkeewein Band, Onion Lake Agency N.W.T., Qu'Appelle Agency, N.W.T., " Industrial School, " Inspectorate — Agencies, Queen's County, N.S., Micmacs, Duck Lake Boarding School, Sask 361 Wikwemikong Industrial School 332 W. B. Maclean 29 29 Jos. Courtney 90 90 W. M. Graham 183 Port Simpson Girls' Home, B.C 416 Jas. Gibbons 167 J. F. Hodder 28 R.N.Wilson 177 W. R. Haynes 379 Rev. L. Doucet, O.M.I 380 H. A. Carruthers 179 Jos. Courtney - 94 Lake of Two Mountains Band, Que 50 Cowessess' Boarding School, Assa 359 J. A. Macarthur 152 W. M. Graham 182 J. F. Hodder 28 Rev. J. D. McLeod 75 Rev. P. Bosquet, O.M.I 338 Mcmacs of Restigouche, Que 51 C. L. D. Sims 12 Survey Report, Man. and N.W.T 243 See ' Census Return,' Part II, pages 61-95; . also side heading ' A^ital Statistics ' in each report Chas. M. Richards 414 (Miss) Hannah M. Paul 416 S. Swinford 95 W. A. Hendry 3.39 J. B. McDougall ' 41 ,J. P. G. Day 137 J. O. Arsenault 80 Micmacs of Digby County, N.S 71 'W. Sibbald 174 Q. W. M. Graham ." . . 182 Rev. J. Hiigonard 395 L. J. Arthur Leveque 225 Chas. Harlow 76 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 R. Page. Rama, Ont., Chippewas, D. J. McPhee 4 Rand, F. A., M.D., Micmacs of Cumberland County, N.S 70 Rat Portage Agency, Man. Suptcy., R. S. McKenzie 100 Boarding School, Ont., Rev. C. Cahill, O.M.I 340 " Inspectorate — Agencies, S. J. Jackson 115 Schools, " 442 Red Bank Band, N.B., Wm. D. Carter 61 Red Deer Industrial School, N.W.T., Rev. C. E. Somerset 399 Red Earth Band, Sask., Jos. Courtney 91 Rod Pheasant's Band, Battleford Agoucy, N.W.T., J. P. G. Day 136 Red Rock Band, Ont., J. F. Hodder 27 Regina Industrial School, N.W.T., Rev. J. A. Sinclair 401 Reid. J. Lestock, D.L.S.. Survey Report, N.W.T 242 Religion, See side heading ' Religion ' in each re- port. Part I ; also ' Census Return,' Part II, pp. 61-9b.. Restigouche Band, Que., J. Pitre 51 Rice Lake. Ont., Mississaguas, Wm. McFarlane 17 Richards, Chas. M., Port Simpson Boys' Boarding School, B.C. 414 Richmond County, N.S., Micmacs, Rev. John Eraser 76 Riou, Rev. J., O.M.I., Crowfoot Boarding School, N.W.T 356 River Desert Band, Que., W. J. McCaffrey 44 Robertson, W. R., Cowichan Agency, B.C 254 Rolling River Band, Birtle Agency, Man., . G. H. Wheatley 142 Round Lake Boarding School, Assa., Rev. H. McKay 3S2 Rupert's Land, Industrial School, Man., J.Thompson 316 St. St. Albert Boarding School, Alta., Sister L. A. Dandurand 385 St. Augustine Boarding School, Smoky River, " Sostene 383 N.W.T., St. Bernard's Mission Boarding School, Lesser Rev. A. Desmarais, O.M.I 372 Slave Lake, N.W.T., St. Boniface Industrial School, Man., Rev. J. B. Dorais 34S St. Francis, Que., Abenakis, A. O. Comire, M.D 42 St. John's Homes, Blackfoot Reserve, N.W.T., H. W. Gibbon Stocken 351 St. Joseph's Indian Home, Fort William, Ont., Sisters of St. Joseph 325 St. Mary's Band, N.B., James Farrell 66 Mission Boarding School, B.C., Rev. J. Tavernier, O.M.I 418 St. Regis, Que., Iroquois, Geo. Long 49 S. Saddle Lake Agency, N.W.T., Geo. G. Mann 187 Band, " 187 Sakimay's Band, Crooked Lake Agency, N.W.T., Magnus Begg 160 Sanitation, gee side heading ' Health and Sanitation,' in each report Sarcee Agency, N.W.T., A. J. McNeill 1S9 Boarding School, Alta., Ven. J. W. Tims ^. . . . . 383 Sarnia, Ont., Chippewas, A. English 5 Savanne Agency, Ont., r. s. McKenzie 105 Saugeen, Ont., Chippewas, John Scoffield 39 Schools, ,<^pp sifie heading ' Education ' in each re- '•. port : also page 323, Part I, and pages 3-57, Part II Scoffield. John, Chippewas of Saugeen 39 Scott. John R., Metlakahtla Industrial School, B.C 43S Scott, W. D. B., Montagnais of Lower St. Lawrence. .. .. .56 Scugog. Ont., Mississaguas, A. W. Williams 19 Seekaskootch Band, Onion Lake Agency,N.W.T.,W. Sibbald 173 Seine River Band, Ont., J. p. Wright 89 Semmens.^^Rev. John, Berens River Agency, Manitoba Suptcy... 81 Clandeboye Agency, Man 84 Serpent River Band, Ont., S. Hagan 39 Seven Islands Band, Que., A. Gagnon 55 Shawanaga Band, Ont., , W. B. Maclean 30 Sheguiandah Band, Ont., C. L. D.Sims IP Shelburne County, N.S., Micmacs, R. G. Irwin . . Sheshegwaning Band, Ont., Robert Thorburn Shingwauk and Wawanosh Homes, Sault Ste. Marie. Ont., Geo. Lev King.. .. a EX ERA L IXDEX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 S — Concluded. Pagi:. Shoal Lake Bands, Sask., Jos Courtney 91 Band, Man., R. S. McKenzie 100 Sibbald W., Onion Lake Agency, N.W.T 173 Sibbald'. H."e., Stony Agency, N.W.T l!tl Simonin, Rev. H., Isle a La Crosse Boarding School 370 Sims, Chas. L. D.'. Manitowaning Agency, Ont 11 Sinclair Rev. J. A., Regina Industrial School, Assa 401 Sister L. A. Dandurand, St. Albert Boarding School, N.W.T 385 Marv Amy, Squamish Mission Boarding School, B.C.. 420 " McDougali, Holy Angels Boarding School, N.W.T 369 Sostine, Smoky River Boarding School, N.W.T 383 " Superior Amy, AH Hallows Boarding School, Yale, B.C.. 421 " Tiburce, Wabiscow Lake R.C. Boarding School 387 Sisters of St. Joseph, ' St. Joseph's Indian Home, Ont 325 Six Nation Indians, Brantford, Ont., -E. D. Cameron 36 Smith Thos. B., Micmacs of Colchester County. N.S 70 Smoky River Boarding School, N.W.T., Sister Sostine 383 Snake Island, Ont., Chippewas, John Yates 2 Somerset Rev. C. E., ^^^^ Deer Industrial School, X.W.T.. .. 399 South Bav Band, Ont., ^C- L. D. Sims 15 Spanish River Band, Ont., S. Hagan and C. L. D. Sims 40-14 Squamish Mission Boarding School, B.C., Sister Mary Amy 420 Standing Buffalo Band, Qu'Appelle Agency, W. M. Graham 1S4 N.W.T., Stangecoming Band, Ont., J- P- Wright 88 Statistics, Agricultural and Industrial, See ' Agricultural and Industrial Statis- tics,' Part II, pages 96-158. " Vital, 'S'ec side heading ' Vital Statistics ' in each report, Part I ; also ' Census Re- turn,' Part II, pages 61-95. Stocken, H. W. Gibbon, Blackfoot Boarding Schools, N.W.T 351 Stony Agency, N.W.T., H. E." Sibbald 191 " Band, Battleford Agency, N.W.T., J. P. G. Day 138 Sturgeon Lake Band, Ont., J- P- Wright 89 Sucker Creek Band, Ont., C. L. D. Sims 14 Lake Band, Ont., " 14 Survev Report, British Columbia, P. A. Deveroux 321 Man. and N.W.T., A. W. Ponton, D.L.S 243 J. Lestock Reid, D.L.S 242 Sutherland, S., Chippewas, Munsees and Oneidas of the Thames 6 Sweet Grass Band, Battleford Agency, N.W.T., J. P. G. Day 13'! Swinford, S., Portage la Prairie and Manitowapah Agencies 95 Sydney Band, N.S., Rev. D. M. MacAdam 78 T. Tahgaiwinini Bard, Ont., C. L. D. Sims 13 Tavernier, Rev. J., O.M.I., St. Mary's Mission Boarding School. B.C. 418 Taylor, Rev. Jas., Emmanuel College, Prince Albert, Sask. 363 Timiskaming Band, Que., A. Burwash 58 Temogaming Band, Ont., W. B. Maclean 33 Thackeray, John, Mississaguas of Alnwick, Ont 16 Thames River, Ont., Chippewas, S. Sutherland 6 Moravians A. R. McDonald 21 " Munsees, S. Sutherland 6 " Oneidas " 6 Thessalon Agency, Ont., S. Hagan 37 River Band, Ont., " 38 Thompson, J., Rupert's Land Industrial School 346 Thibaudeau, Rev. J. E. S., Muscowequan's Boarding School, Assa.. 373 Thorburn, Robert Gore Bay Agency, Ont 9 Thunderchild's BancV, Battleford Agency, N.W.T,. J. P. O. Day 138 Thunderchild's Boarding School, Rev. H. Delmas, O.M.I 386 Timiskaming Band, Ont., A. Burwash 58 Tims, Ven. J. W., Sarcee Boarding School, Alta 383 Tobique Band, N.B. Jas. Farrell C4 Touchwood Agency, N.W.T., H. Martineau 192 Treaty No. 8, N.W.T., H. A. Conroy 234 Turtle Mountain Sioux Band, Birtle Agency, Man., G. H. Wbeatley 141 Tyendinaga Band, Ont., Wm. R. Aylsworth 19 DEPART.yf'XT OF tXlHAX AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. i904 Valley River Band, Birtle Agency, Man,, Victoria County, X.S., Micmacs, Viger, Que., Amalecites, Vowell, Arthur W., V. Page. G. H. Wheatley 142 A. J. Macdonald 79 Edouard Beaulieu 45 Indian Superintendent for British Colum- bia 314 Indian Reserve Commissioner, B.C 320 Wabigoon Band, Ont.. R. S. McKenzie 104 Wabiscow Lake C.E. Boarding School, N.W.T.,Chas. Riley Weaver 388 R. C. ■' Sister Tiburce 387 Wabuskang Band, Ont., R. S. McKenzie 101 Wahspaton's Band, Carlton Agency, N.W.T., J. A. Macarthur 155 Wallace, Alonzo, Micmacs of Hants County, N.S 73 Walpole' Island Agency, Ont., J. B. McDougall 41 Watha or Gibson Band. Ont., W. B. Maclean 34 Wawanosh Home, Sault Ste. Marie, Out., Geo. Ley King 330 Waywayseecappo's Band, Birtle Agency, Man.,G. H. Wheatley 142 Weaver Chas. Riley, Wabiscow Lake C. E. Boarding School, N.Vv^T 388 Weemistikooseahwasis Band, Onion Lake Agency, W. Sibbald 174 West Bay Band, Ont., Robert Thorburn 9 West Coast Agency, B.C.. Harry Guillod 299 Whalen, W. H., Micmacs of Yarmouth County, N.S.. .. 79 Wheatley, G. H., Birtle Agency, Man 140 White, C. D., Lesser Slave Lake CT E. Boarding School. 370 White Bear's Band, Moose Mountain Agency, ' X.W.T., W. Murison 171 Whitefish Bay Band, Man., R. S. McKenzie 104 Lake Band, Ont., C. L. D. Sims 12 " River Band, Ont., " 11 Wikwemikong Industrial School, Ont., Rev. J. Paquin, S.J 332 ^^ild Land Reserve, Ont., J. P. Wright 87 William Charles' Band, Carlton Agency.N.W.T.J. A. Macarthur 155 William Twatt's Band, Carlton Agency,N.W.T., " 151 Williams, M., , Gordon's Boarding School, N.W.T 367 Williams, A. W., Mississaguas of Scugog, Ont 9 Williams Lake Agency, B.C., E. Bell 303 " Industrial School, Rev. H. Boening 441 Wilson, A. E., Elkhorn Industrial School, Man 344 Wilson, James, Blood Agency, N.W.T 149 Wilson, R, N., Peigan Agency, N.W.T 177 Woodstock Band, N.B., Jas. Farrell 65 Wright, John P., Fort Frances Agency, Manitoba Suptcy.. S5 Yale (All Hallows) Boarding School, B.C., Yarmouth County, N.S., Micmacs Yates, John, Y. Sister Superior Amy 421 W. H. Whalen 79 Chippowas of Georgina and Snake Islands, Ont 2 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1904 OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS FOE THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1903. Department of Indian Affairs^ Ottawa, December 7, 1903. The Honourable Clifford Sifton^ Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the report of the Department of Indian Affairs for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. As you are aware, my supervision of Indian matters only began towards the close of the first half of the term reviewed by the various ofiicials and agents whose reports are herewith submitted, to which together with the appended statistical statements I beg to refer you for more detailed information. If the year has not been one of uniform prosperity, what has been lacking in some directions has been fully made up in others, so that on the whole there has been abund- ant cause for gratitude. No doubt participation, direct or indirect, in the benefits accruing from the peculiarly flourishing condition of business throughout the Dominion has helped to increase the average of the prosperity enjoyed by the Indians, but there have not been wanting evidences of progress of a nature less liable to fluctuation. Advancement in the acquisition of the habits, methods and pursuits of civilization is most readily recognisable among Indians least distant from the aboriginal con- dition, and a careful perusal of the reports submitted can hardly fail to create the con- viction that, in the younger provinces, habits of providence as well as the spirit of enterprise and self-reliance are steadily extending. , Development in these directions is necessarily somewhat slow and more or less retarded by the condition of tutelage necessary for the protection of the Indians, in their earlier stages of development, against the superior acumen of the dominant race. 27 — B xvii ;xviii DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAK AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 ^OBe the less it is necessary to exercise great caution relative to releasing Indians from the restraints imposed by the provisions of the Indian Act, and it has been found in recent years that, in not a few instances where individuals in the Xorthwest Terri- tories were prospering under control of their respective agents to an extent to sug- gest the advisability of allowing them a tentative, unrestricted conduct of their own affairs, the experiment turned out to have been premature. Among such of the Indians of the older provinces as have for long been in close •contact with civilization the question is as to progress of a somewhat higher order. There is much entering into the composition of the type of citizen which the department's policy is designed to produce, with regard to which progress is very hard to gauge, for the adoption of the underlying spirit of citizenship is by no means neces- sarily contompoi'aneous with the assumption of the garb of civilization, and is ac- quired, if at all, by almost intangible gradations. The case of the Six Nations band may be cited as an illustration of what is meant. The conditions on their reserve with respect to equipment for the pursuits of their calling, their dwellings and farm buildings, compare not unfavourably with the aver- age obtaining among other agricultural communities in the province. An agricul- tural society, controlled by themselves, holds yearly ploughing competitions and annual shows, at which exhibits could well compete with those of any ordinary township fair, and they not only attend in considerable numbers, but take intelligent part in discussions at meetings held on their reserve by the local ' Farmer's Institute.' They have an organization for the conduct of public affairs, including boards of health and education, with duly appointed executive officers. Religious services are conducted at some sixteen points on the reserve. They furnish a considerable contingent to the county militia, accompanied by a brass band from the reserve when they go into camp. Despite, these evidences of an advanced form of civilization, when the spirit of citizenship is sought, it is found that these Indians so far from taking advantage of the provisions of the Advancement Act, as a step towards enfranchisement, cling ten- aciously to tribal customs which tend to perpetuate their position as a distinct com- munity of a separate race. Their loyalty to the dominant race cannot be questioned, having been mani- fested whenever opportunity has occurred, but the spirit seems rather that of alliance than of amalgamation. As an example of the same condition in the sister province of Quebec, the Indians of St. Regis may be pointed to. The only unusual event during the year calculated to permanently affect any considerable section of the Indian population, was the first approach of the tide of set- tlement which seems on the eve of overflowing the prairie provinces. This, among other consequences, will speedily bring outlying bands into close contact with settle- ment, and face to face with the necessity for making a radical change in their mode of life. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT GENERAL xlx SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 There will, of course, be the danger of some local friction and minor complications arising between the races, thus somewhat abruptly brought together; but, remember- ing how readily all similar difficulties were overcome at an earlier stage in the history of the provinces concerned, when conditions were less favourable for the establish- ment and preservation of a good understanding, nothing more need be anticipated than what can readily be prevented or adjusted by the exercise of ordinai-y vigilance and tact. Happily for all concerned, the strict pursuance of that policy which has had for one of its most prominent features, the protection of the Indians in the tenure of their reserves as well as in all their other rights and liberties, enables them to contemplate with equanimity the prospect of an influx which they feel assured will not submerge, although it may surround them. Health. The general health of the Indians has been comparatively good. A vigilant outlook had to be kept against the reappearance of small-pox. which came from the United States two years ago, and has subsequently effected an occasional entrance into the reserves. During the year a few cases broke out at Restigouche, River Desert and Lake St. John, in the province of Quebec; but strict quarantine prevented the spread of the disease, and only one death ensued. In the province of On- tario but one reserve was attacked, viz., the Tyendinaga, near Deseronto, where twenty- three cases occurred, but happily without any resultant fatality. In British Columbia there were a few scattered cases among the Squamish bands, as also among bands in the Northwest Territories, but on the Blackfoot reserve alone did the disease get any serious hold, as the result of having naade headway before its presence was detected. The tyi)e continued to be wonderfully mild, although the tendency to assume greater virulence when neglected became apparent among the Blackfoot Indians. Whooping-cough, in a somewhat malignant form, was responsible for some excep- tional juvenile mortality at River Desert, Walpole Island, Norway House and Saddle Lake. Grippe continued to hover over the reserves in a somewhat erratic fashion, as it has done ever since its appearance about a decade and a half ago, but fortunately with diminishing severity of character. It was more or less epidemic among the Indians in Nova Scotia, at Mingan on the lower St. Lawrence, also in the Port Arthur, Gore Bay, Crooked Lake and Norway House districts, in the last mentioned of which it assumed much of its old-time virulence. Scarlet fever broke out among the Six Nations, and in the Northwest Territories on a few reserves in the Crooked Lake, Battleford and Duck Lake agencies. Vital Statistics axd Population. The following tables will show respectively the number of births and deaths 27— BJ DEPARTMENT OF ISDIAIJ AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 recorded, and a comparative statement of population for the past and immediately- preceding year. Ontai-io Quebec . . . Nova Scotia New Brunswick. . . . Prince Edward Island. British Columbia. . . . Manitoba Northwest Territories iirths. Deaths. Loss. Gain. 619 523 96 265 188 77 80 81 1 88 60 28 8 16 8 .... 547 522 25 296 227 69 408 526 118 2,311 2,143 12'; 295 Census. 1902. Ontario 20,983 Quebec 10,842 Nova Scotia 2,067 New Brunswick 1,644 Prince Edward Island 316 British Columbia 25,500 Manitoba 6,754 Northwest Territories 17,922 Athabaska District 1,239 Outside Treaty Limits 20,845 1903. Increase. Decrease 21,093 110 11,066 224 .... 1,930 .... 137 1,699 55 .... 301 15 25,582 82 6,829 75 .... 17,649 273 1,239 20,845 108,112 108,233 546 425 It will be seen that births have exceeded deaths by one hundred and sixty-eight, and that there has been a net increase in the population of one hundred and twenty- one, the difference without doubt being accounted for by the usual migrations. I observe that, in the report made to you live years ago, it was pointed out that even in the provinces where the Indians had come under civilizing influences compara- tively recently,; the foot of that numerical decline which first results from the new environment, (the operations of which were described at some length) appear to have been reached and the upward grade to have been entered upon. Statistics for subsequent years, including those just given, have on the whole justified that contention. While that is true and the birth-rate seems satisfactory, the death-rate remains proportionately high, and consequently the aggregate increase in the population falls short of what might be expected. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT GENERAL xxl SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 To account for this there are several causes at work. In the first place it is observed that some of the largest bands in the Xorthwest Territories do not appear to have yet fully adapted themselves to their new environment, and that the process of selection under the law of ' survival of the fittest ' seems to be still in operation. The Indian Commissioner in his appended report points out how the rate of mortality seems to threaten the extinction of one or two bands at no very distant date, without any particular reason being apparent for such condition of things. There seems to be some idiosyncrasy of constitution in some particular tribes reluctant to accommodate itself to changed conditions of life, and it can only be hoped that in their case, as with the majority, the turning point will soon be reached. Again among Indians in the older as well as/ the younger provinces the deaths resulting directly or indirectly from tuberculosis and infantile diseases continue to unduly inflate the death-roll. With regard to infantile mortality, when the immediate cause of death can not be determined, it is customary, and doubtless generally correct, to ascribe it to some positive or negative errors on the part of inexperienced mothers often far too young for the responsibility of maternity; but in view of the prevalence of tuberculosis, it seems highly probable that some of the unexplained mortality might more justly be attributed to brain fever caused by the tubercle! germ. There appears to be a consensus of opinion among medical men that although tuberculosis is curable, at any rate in its earlier stages, its successful treatment is practically impossible in the homes of the poorer classes, and as the alienation of affected Indians is, under existing circumstances, equally impossible, it only remairs to hope that the keen interest in the subject awakened of recent years, may ere long resnlt in the discovery of some method of treatment of a more generally available character. Inasmuch as concerns the prevention of the propagation of the disease, it is so far satisfactory to know that the steady if gradual improvement in the directions of diet, clothing, cleanliness of habits, provision of air-space, ventilation and sunlight in the dwellings is always tending to the formation of constitutional resisting power to infection, and the production of a soil less favourable for the growth of the germ. In this connection it is observed that for the first time the respective reports of the Indian Superintendent for British Columbia and the Inspector for the Lake Mani- toba Inspectorate call attention to an improving condition with regard to this pre- valent scourge, and it may be added that the ameliorating influence on the death- rate would have been more apparent during tha past decade but for the counteract- ing tendency of grippe and its after-effects, more particularly during the earlier part thereof. Agriculture. The improved condition of the labour market for some years past has had the effect in tha province of Quebec of somewhat retarding that growth of agricultural xxii DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 industry, whicli had been stimulated by the curtailment of hunting and trapping and the loss of a market for certain Indian manufactures. None the less the area under crop was some 1,682 acres, and the harvest of grain and roots 42,763 bushels more than for the preceding year. There is, moreover, some little improvement noticeable in the methods of hus- bandry and in the quality as well as quantity of agricultural implements, and live stock. In Ontario, south of Parry island on the west and of Golden lake on the east, where the Indians depend mainly upon agriculture, there has not been anything s.pecially worthy of notice during the year. These Indian farmers are very much like the whites of the same class with respect to their methods of farming, their produce, their implements, machinery and buildings, although the last mentioned may be of somewhat smaller dimensions. Attention to farming is gradually somewhat extending among the Indians along the north shores of Lake Huron. The aggregate area in the whole province under crop was extended by something over 500 acres, while there was an increa-se of over 93,000 bushels in the quantity of grain and roots harvested. In Manitoba the strong demand for labour somewhat deflected the attention given to husbandry in the Clandeboye and Portage la Prairie agencies, and in the southern part of the province, where alone the Indians farm to any extent, the aggregate crop was reduced by about 6,500 bushels. In the K'orthwest Territories the extent of country involves considerable variety of climatic conditions and in some districts a late spring, followed, by a cold wet June, resulted in some disappointment at harvest-tii!ne, but in other districts the grain crop was most abujidant, and in the aggregate the harvest exceeded the generous one of the preceding year by some 30,000 bushels. In British Columbia the practice of husbandry is a. good deal handicapped, more particularly in the Northwest Coast, West Coast and Kwawkewlth agencies by the comparatively circumscribed extent of arable lands, but where facilities exist, increas- ing attention is being paid to the cultivation of the soil, and the distinct! progress in the methods employed is observable. The aggregate increase of area under culti- vation was 266 acres, and of crop 2,541 bushels. After deducting small decreases in the maritime provinces, the net increase in area cropped for the whole Dominion was 4,560 acres, and of bushels harvested 159,871. Ln'E Stock. What has already been said as to farming Indians of the older provinces differ- ing but little as agriculturists from their white neighbours includes their tenure and treatment of live stock, consisting of horses, cattle, hogs, sheep and poultry. Some, of course, are not as well provided as others; but the tendency is in the direction of improving what stock they have and acquiring more. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT GENERAL xxlil SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 In these provinces the supply of hay was quite up to the average, and sufficient to meet the winter's requirements. In Manitoba the fanning Indians, where conditions are favourable, are making fair progress in the direction of raising live stock in connection with their more strictly agricultural pursuits. In the Lake districts and more particularly in the Pas, wh;6re the character of the country permits of little beyond gardening in the way of husbandry, some of the bands engage more or less in stock-raising; but during the year this was carried on under exceptional difficulties in consequence of the at all tirojes limited extent of hay swamps and pasture-lands having been further curtailed by another wet season. It is in the Northwest Territories that stock-raising assumes its greatest import- ance and proportions, for there the Indians have not the other resources natural or artificial enjoyed by their brethren elsewhere, and are very much tied up to agricul- ture and stock-raising for their maintenance. The m'ajority of the bands engage in mixed farming, and as a rule now have as many cattle as they can handle, and although they do not derive the benefit they should from dairying, none the less they have learned the value of their stock suffi- ently to induce them to take good care of it. In some districts, notably in Treaty No. T, climatic conditions render the culture of cereals a very precarious source of maintenance, and of late years the Indians con- cerned have been wonderfully awakening to the possibilities of cattle- raising as an industry, and showing increasing avidity to acquire stock. The herds throughout the Territories have not alone been steadily increasing numerically, but in consequence of the supply by the department, or the purchase by the Indians themselves, when in a position to make such, of pedigreed bulls, the stand- ard has, generally speaking, reached no small degree of excellence. The danger of encouraging the naturally roving tendency of these Indians for long precluded any effort to improve the breed of the numerous ponies which con- sumed pasture required for more profitable stock. Conditions, however, have of late years so changed as to suggest the advisability of experiment in the direction of grading up these ponies to a serviceable and market- able standard, and the result opens up a prospect of a by no means inconsiderable source of revenue. As in parts of Manitoba, the wetness of several successive seasons has more or less submerged the sloughs and swamps upon which the Indians depend for their hay, and interfered with the curing of the prairie grass, to which they had to turn for their supply. It certainly speaks well for the acquired industry of the Indians that, despite these difficulties and the somewhat unusual prolongation of the winter, they managed to put up such a supply of hay as, supplemented by the straw carefully preserved after xxiv DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 tJie threshing of their grain, brought their cattle through with but little addition to the percentage of loss which under the most favourable conditions must necessarily occur. In some of th« herds some cases of anthrax appeared, and in others mud fever, produced by the wetness of the season, was somewhat prevalent; but on the whole the cattle were healthy and in good condition during the year. In British Columbia, stock-raising, like husbandry, is affected by the extent of suitable lands available ; but, as a rule, districts which furnish arable lands provide in proximity thereto natural meadow-lands and grazing tracts along the slopes of the foot-hills sufficient to afford hay and pasture for live stock. Where conditions are favourable, the cattle are increasing and the breed greatly improving, more especially that of the horses. In this province as in the Northwest Territories, notwithstanding that the winter, although not otherwise particularly severe, set in early and lingered longer than usual, no excessive losses have been reported. Natural Resources. The importance to the Indians of their natural resources, the principal of which are hunting, trapping and fishing, will be apparent when it is stated that the returns from these sources closely approximated a million dollars. In the province of Quebec the year was on the whole a favourable one in these directions, the returns having aggregated $90,754, and thus nearly recovered the drop made the year before to $56,447 from the amount of the preceding year's earnings, which was $101,738. Unfortunately this was not very equally distributed, for the Indians along the lower St. Lawrence, who have little if anything else to rely upon, were unfortunate. The marten, the fur which forms the mainstay of their catch, all but disappeared, having made one of their periodical migrations induced by the scarcity of rabbits and partridge, upon which they prey. As a consequence, many of the trappers were unable to repay the advances made by the traders to carry them to the woods. In Ontario the Indians of the same class, along Lakes Huron and Superior and in the Rat Portage district, earned $75,414 by fishing and $115,145 by hunting and trapping, the former somewhat more and the latter a little less than for the preceding year. In Manitoba fish, fur and game are reported to have been very plentiful. In the Pas district the wet seasons of late years have restocked waters which had become somewhat denuded and have had the further effect of greatly multiplying the number of musk-rats. Despite these facts, the agent reports a large decrease in the earnings from these sources, but the discrepancy is readily accounted for by the fact that, having been REPORT OF THE DEPUTY S'UPERINTENDENT GENERAL xxv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 recently appointed, he has not had time to get into touch with the necessary sources of information, which it is by no means easy to obtain from Indians, especially in the outlying districts. In the ISTorthwest Territories the Indians, since the disappearance of the buffalo some five and twenty years ago, have had few natural resources to depend upon. There are, however, some outlying bands whose sole maintenance is derived from these sources, and individuals in many other bands who still manage to support them- selves by such pursuits. In the Saskatchewan district as in the Pas, musk-rats were unusually plentiful, in fact so much money was to be made from their pelts that in places fanning operations in the spring- were more or less interfered with. On the whole, however, the earnings, which aggregated $135,684, fell short of the preceding year's amount by $34,400. In British Columbia the salmon form a most important part of the Indians' food-supply, being to them what in days gone by the buffalo was to their brethren in the prairie country. The salmon, furthermore, afford many of them a means of earn- ing wages at the canneries. In the Fraser river the run of blue-back or sock-eye salmon, mainly used for commercial purposes, was very disappointing, having been late in arriving and far from plentiful. As a consequence the Indians of the district as well as those from the Cowichan, Kwawkewlth, and Williams Lake agencies, who repair to the canneries near New Westminster, got very poor returns. Fortunately for themselves, the Indians of' the northern division of the Kwawkewlth agency elected to go to Kivers and Smith's Inlets, where the run was good, and the Indians of the West Coast agency found em- ployment nearer home, provided by the establishment of a new cannery in the vicinity of the Albemi canal. The Indians of the Northwest Coast agency, and from as far inland as Hazelton in the Babine agency, go to Skeena and Nass rivers canneries, but this year fared little better than their brethren at Fraser river. As to the home runs in the fall, upon which the Indians depend to put up their winter's supply, the fish in the Skeena and Bulkley rivers were plentiful and fat, but in the Kamloops-Okanagan district the run was below the average, and in the Williams Lake agency was very poor, thei*e being hardly a fish visible in waters generally black with them. Oulachon, the oil manufactured from which is largely losed by the Indians in the coast agencies for culinary pui-poses, and as a substitute for butter, were unusually plentiful. » Game and fur animals, especially bears, were fairly numerous, and prices for fur quite up to the average. xxvi DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Wages and Various Earxixgs. In addition to agriculture and natural resources, wages earned and various minor industries contribute very materially to the maintenance of the Indian population. The following table will show the relative aggregate amounts derived during the year from the sources referred to : — Value of farm produce $1,094,492 Fishing, hunting, &c 990,765 Various minor industries 576,310 Wages earned 1,278.394 Probably Indians combine benefit to the commonwealth and themselves to a greater extent as wage-earners than in an^^ other way, for in some directions and localities they furnish labour which, under existing conditions, it would be difficult if not impos- sible to supply from any other source. There are comparatively few mechanics or artisans among them, although the industrial schools turn out a certain proportion; but for unskilled labour they are in good demand, and as a rule reliable under proper guidance, and in some cases prove themselves capable of occupying positions of responsibility as foremen of gangs at various works. As a rule they do not care to go very far from home, so the requirements of the district in which they live control their choice of occupation. Their most congenial employments are those of working for fishing companies or canneries, herding cattle, freighting, guiding sportsmen and tourists, &c., and perhaps their next preference is for something in connection with the lumbering industry, either working in the camps or saw-mills, stream-driving or lading vessels. However, they readily adapt themselves to circumstances, and in the neighbour- hood of towns the younger people are to be found in considerable numbers in the factories, while in the vicinity of railways they work at the depots or as sectionmen, and in agricultural districts as farm labourers, or at pulling flax or gathering hops and fruits, and in fact turn their hands to anything that offers. In Manitoba and British Columbia the main employment is with the fishing companies and salmon canneries, lumbering, picking hops and fruits, freighting and packing, and in the Northwest Territories their opportunities are pretty much limited to selling hay and fire-wood, freighting, and working as farm labourers. Minor industries include the manufacture of mittens, moccasins, baskets, lacrosse- sticks, snow-shoes snow-shovels, axe-handles, barrels, mast-hoops, boats, canoes and various other articles, as well as a large variety of Indian wares the production of which is peculiar to themselves. The pursuit of these industries is of course govsrned by the market, and although some of them are carried on more or less ext son, another by Matthew Sampson, both prosperous farmers. By thrift and industry these Indians keep themselves well supplied with money. I have, &c., ROBERT THORBURX, Indian Agent. Province of Ontario, Manitowaning Agency, Manitowaning, June 30, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have thq honour to submit the following report concerning the Indiana of this agency for the year ended June 30, 1903. WlilTEFISH river BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated near tli'^ mourli of the Whitefisb river on the north shore of the Georgian bay. It contains an area of about ten thous- and six hundred acres. 12 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — This band has a population of ninety-four, consisting of twenty-one men, twenty women and fifty-three children. During the year there were five births and one woman joined the band by marriage, and there were five deaths, making a total increase in the number of persons comprising this band of one for the year. ■ Ilccilth and Sanitation. — The general health of the band during th^ past year has been good ; no epidemic has prevailed and all necessary precautions have been observed in respect to cleaning and whitewashing their dwellings and outbuildings.. Resources and Occupations. — A large portion of the land on this reserve is suit- able for agriculture, the remainder is woodland. The occupations engaged in b.\ these Indians are : farming, lumbering, hunting, berry-picking, fishing, basket-mak- ing and sugar-making. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Their buildings are of log and frame construction and are kept in a good state of repair. What stock they have is well cared for, and the Indians have all the farm implements they require. Education. — There is one day school on this reserve, which is fairly well attended, and the children are making fair progress in their studies. Religion. — These Indians belong to the Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and law-abiding, and are making fair progress. Temperance and Morality. — A few of the members of this band are addicted to the use of liquor. Their morality, except in one or two cases, is good. I'OIXT GROXDIX BAXD. Reserve. — This reserve is located east of Collins inlet, on the north shore of Georgian bay. Tribe. — These Indians are Ojibbewas. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is fifty-six, consisting of twelve men, twenty-one women and twenty-three children. During the year there was one birth and one woman joined the band by marriage, and there was one death, making a total increase of one in this band for the year. Health and Sanitation.— The health of these Indians for the past year has been good, and the sanitaiy condition of their dwellings is quite satisfactory. Resources and Occupations. — The resources of this reserve are timber, agriculture and fishing. These Indians farm on a very small scale, fish, hunt, pick blueberries in the summer, and work in the lumber camps in the winter. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have very comfortable log dwel- lings, have very little stock and but few farm implements. Education. — They have no school on the reserve ; the children attend school at Wikwemikong. Religion. — The majority of these Indians are Roman Catholics, and are spiritu- ally ministered to by the visiting missionaries from Wikwemikong. Characteristics and Progresst — As a rule these Indians are industrious, but they ^. and on surveying parties, while a few follow hunting and trapping. This band supplies most of the natural talent for L. 0. Armstrong's ' Hiawatha ' (^ompany, which has successfully toured most of the great cities of the continent, and which presents this popular drama in the neighbourhood of its supposed scene at Kens- ington Point during the summer months, where excursions are run daily from the Sault and other towns during the season. Besides the industries enumerated above, sugar-making is carried on to some ex- tent in the spring and berry-picking during the season for these fruits ; while the women manufacture baskets, birch-bark, deer-skin and sweet-grass curiosities, which obtain a ready market during the tourist season. Buildings. — The dwellings are either frame or log, manj' of them neatly white- washed and looking neat and comfortable. Stables and bams, with few exceptions, are constructed of logs. The public buildings consist of a council-house of two storeys, containing two large rooms, an upper and lower, and a small lock-up where delinquents await trial. Stock. — The stock, which is mostly of common breeds and requires improvement, consists of horses, cattle and swine. Farm Implements. — These embrace a fair number of ploughs, harrows, hay-rakes, fanning-mills and ordinarv tools, with several mowing-machines and one threshine- mill. Education. — There are two schools on the reserve. The Roman Catholic school is under the supervision of the resident priest, who is assisted by two ladies. The average for the last half year was thirty-six, with fifty pupils on the roll. They have a comfortable two-roomed building, which adjoins the church and rectory. The Protestant portion of the children are taught in the Church of England school A new two-storey building was erected last year, containing school-room on the ground floor and living-rooms on the second floor for the teacher. It was first occupied at the resumption of school in August of last year. This school is now under the principalship of Mr. L. F. Havdyman, who has, dur^ ing his short term of tenure of the position, made many decided improvements. There was last half year an average attendance of over sixteen, with forty-two pupils on the register. Religion. — The religious denominations of the band are Church of England and Roman Catholic and one Methodist. The Roman Catholics are the most numerous. Both the Anglicans and Roman Catholics have neat churches, which are well attended at their regular and special services. Characteristics and Progress. — Many of the band are industrious and doing fairly well ; others work only when necessity demands, and are inclined to be improvident. Nearly all are very liberal to their friends and neighbours when they have plent.v, being ready to share with their needy neighbours to the last. The most of them ai'e very good citizens. Temperance and Morality. — A good many of the band are temperate and well- behaved ; others, when opportunities occur, indulge in intoxication, which certainly has an injurious effect on the morality of the number who are thus addicted. I have had to punish four or five members of the band for drunkenness during the year. 21 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 BATCHAWAXA BAND. Eeserve. — This band owns part of Whitefish or St. Mary's island, at Sault Ste. Marie, where a few families live. At Goulais bay, a small reserve has beeu purchased for them, in the township of Kars, containiDg about one thousand acres. Tribe. — They are of the Ojibbewa tribe, a portion of them being half-breeds of French extraction. The Agawa branch of this band reside chiefly on the west shore of Batehawana bay and are nearly' all pure Indians. Vital Statistics. — The Batehawana band numbers three hundred and sixty-seven persons, consisting of ninety-three men, one hundred and twelve women, eighty-seven boys and seventy-five girls, of which fifty-nine parsons b3lo:ig to th?' Agawa brarch, made up of sixteen men, thirteen women, nineteen boys and eleven givh. There has been an increase in this band during the year of seven. Health and Sanitation. — The year just closed has been very favourable to sanitary conditions. ISTo epidemic has appeared and the health of the members of the band has been exceptionally good. Most of the dwellings are clean and well-kept ; and sanitary regulations, as a rule, very well observed. Resources and Occupations. — Upwards of one-half of this band occupy a portion of the Garden River reserve where they cultivate small holdings of a few acres each. They engage in all kinds of labour, working in the woods, on the rivers, on survey- ing and exploring parties. In spring they make a considerable quantity of sugar ; while the women manufacture baskets, moccasins, made of deer-skins, and fancy articles made of sweet grass. The Goulais bay and Batehawana members of this band are also engaged in fishing most of the year, and early in the winter in hunting and trapping. Xo farming is done to any extent except at Garden river by any of this band. Buildings. — The houses are chiefly log, with a few frame, and are generally com- fortable and clean. Stock and Implements. — Considerable stock is kept by the members of the band residing at Garden river, consisting of cattle, horses and pigs. At Goulais bay and Batehawana only a few cows and pigs are kept. The imjile- ments are ploughs, harrows and other ordinary farm and garden implements. Education. — This band has no schools of its own. At Garden river nearly all the children attend the Roman Catholic school. Application has been made for a school at Goulais bay and a building secured, but so far a teacher has not been available. The Indians of that place are very anxious to have a school. Religion. — Nearly all the Batehawana band are Roman Catholics. They have a small church at Goulais bay and another at Batehawana, but no resident priest. They have periodical visits from a priest, when they have services at each of these points. Temperance and Morality.-— The members of the band are generally temperate and moral, except a few who were residents on St. Mary's island. These appfiared to be addicted to drunkenness and immorality. At the outlying points very little complaint can be made. Characteristics and Progress. — The members of this band appear to be intelligent and industrious. MICHIPICOTEN BAND. Reserve. — A small reserve on the north shore of Lake Superior, west of the mouth of the Michipicoten river, which originally embraced an area of ten thousand and eighty acres, but which is now reduced to about eight thousand and fifty acres by surrenders to the consolidated companies, belongs to this band, on which some four or five families reside, including the ex-chief, James Cass. i OJIBBEWAS OF LAKK SUrElllOn. ICASTKHX DIVISIOX 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The lake terminus of the Algoma Central railway occupies a surrendered portion of this reserve. Tribe. — These Indians are of the Chippewa tribe, and embrace among- them French, English and Scotch half-breeds. Vital Statistics. — There are three hundred and forty-three persons in the band, consisting of seventy-nine men, eighty-eight women, seventy-seven boys and ninety-- nine girls, an increase of ten over the previous year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the band has been good during the past year, five deaths occurring, and no epidemic attacked any portion of the band. The few houses on the reserve appear to be neat and clean. Occupations. — Many of the Indians of this band occupy themselves in hunting, fishing and trapping ; the greater number ai'e employed in the summer months as canosmen by the Hudson's Bay Company and others, and by exploring and surveying parties. None of them engage in farming. They are excellent canoemen and packers, and their services are generally in demand. Buildings. — There are only five houses on the reserve, one frame and four log dwellings. They all appear to be neat and comfortable. Stock. — There is no stock of any kind on the reserve. Some of the members of the Michipicoten band own a few cattle. Education. — Education among the greater number is in a very backward state. There is a small school at Michipicoten river, which is fairly well attended by the children of that place ; and the Indian children at Missinabie have an "arrangement made to attend the public school there, which they are taking advantage of, and a very fair attendance results. Religion. — The members of this band at Michipicoten are of the Eoman Catholic faith. They have on the reserve a neat, new, frame church where they have occasional services ; and at the Michipicoten reserve there is a small church in which occasional services are also held. At Missinabie and Chapleau, where a majority of the Indians of the band reside, the greater number belong to the Church of England. They have no place of worship of their own at these places, but attend English Church services at the regular churches, where the services are held in the Indian language. Characteristics. — The members of this band appear to be happy and contented and they gave me a hearty welcome on my first and only visit. Temperance and Morality. — The members of this band, as a rvile, are temperate and moral, although occasional infractions of the regulations occur. SHINGWAUK AND WAWAXOSH HOMES I cannot close my report without referring briefly to the above institutions and expressing my appreciation of the excellent work that is being carried on by them under the discreet management of Principal King and his amiable wife. At present there are sixty-one pupils in the school : forty-three boys and eighteen girls, who, besides their regular school studies, are educated in various industries ; the boys in farming, carpentry, shoemaking, tailoring and other trades, and the girls in sewing, baking, cooking, laundry work, &c. These institutions are under the control of the Church of England, and are largely dependent upon voluntary subscriptions to supplement the per capita grant of $60 annu- ally received from the department, and which has, unfortunately, lately been inadequate to make such improvements in the buildings as have become a necessity. The boys and girls have separate playgrounds and dormitories, but are taught in the same class-rooms and take their meals together in the same dining-room. Neat- ness and cleanliness prevail throughout eveiy department. The pupils appear to be progressing, and are healthy, contented and happy. Unfortunately, owing to the press of other official work, I have been unable to make frequent visits to these institutions, which certainly is a pleasant duty, but hope 26 DEPARTMEIiT OF ISDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 in the future to have more frequent opportunities of becoming more intimately ac- quainted with the work which they are doing. I have, &c., WM. L. NICHOLS, Indian Agent. Province of Oxtario, Ojibbewas of Lake Superior, Western Division, Port Arthur, August 7, 190;}. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report concerning the Indians of this agency for the year ended June 30, 1903. fort WILLIAM band. Reserve. — The reserve is situated along the Missiion and Ivaministiquia rivers, and contains fourteen thousand five hundred acres, the land along the rivers is of good quality, being a sandy loam ; the'back land is still very wet. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population is two hundred and ninety-one, and consists of sixty-three men, eighty-seven women, seventy-four boys, and sixty-seven girls. Dur- ing the year there were six births and eight deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the band has been good ; there has been no serious epidemic as was the case last year. In the spring all refuse is burned and houses are nearly all whitewashed. Resources and Occupations. — The occupations of this band in summer are : farming, fishing, acting as guides, exploring for minerals and picking berries ; in winter, cutting wood and working in lumber camps. The great amount of Avork being done by the railways has given employment to many. Buildings. — The houses are small, but clean and comfortable ; the stables are small also, but "afford ample protection to their stock. Stock. — The quality is improving, but the number remains about the same. Farm: Implements. — There is now machinery enough owned by members of the band to answer all their requirements. Education. — There are two school^ on the reserve, the Indian boys' and girls' day school, and the St. Joseph's Orphanage. The teachers are Sisters of St. Joseph. The progress of the children is fair, but results would be much better if the parents insisted on more regular attendance. Religion. — There are two hundred and thirty-five Roman Catholics, and fifty-six pagans in the band. There is a Roman Catholic church on the reserve with a resi- dent priest and three Brothei*s ; there is also a convent in charge of the Rev. Mother Superior and four Sisters. Characteristics and Progress. — They do not take enough interest in farming. Work at good wages being plentiful, they can secure employment at any time and prefer a quicker return for their labour than the land affords. Temperance and Morality — They have been remarkable for their sobriety during tJie past year ; there has been no case of immorality reported. i OJIBBEWAS OF LAKE SUI'Einon, WE^STEHX DIVISION 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 RED RUCK BAND. Reserve. — This resei-ve is situated on the Nipigon river near Late Helen, and con- tains four hundred and eighty-six acres. Tribe. — These Indians* are of the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is two hundred and fourteen, con- sisting of forty-eight men, fifty-seven women, sixty boys and forty-nine girls. There were five births and eight deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band generally, has been good ; some of the houses were whitewashed,, and old refuse burned. Kesources and Occupations. — The principal occupation of these Indians is acting as guides to the tourists who go up the Nipigon river fishing. Some cultivate small patches of land and during the winter they engage in hunting and lumbering. At present quite a number are engaged in taking supplies to the engineers surveying the route of the proposed Grand Trunk Pacific railway. Buildings. — Their buildings are small, but comfortable and clean. . Stock. — Their stock is first-class. Farm Implements. — They own all the implements used in harves.ting their crops. Education. — There is a school at the Roman Catholic mission, which is attended fairly well ; there is also a school-building on the reserve, which has been closed for several years. The parents take very little interest in educational matters. Religion. — Of this band thirty-eight are Anglicans, and one hundred and seventy- six are Roman Catholics. They seem quite attached to their church. Characteristics and* Progress. — They are industrious and make a very good liv- ing ; they are intelligent and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — There have been numerous reports of intoxication, but none of immorality. CHURCH OF EXGLAND MISSION. This reserve was not visited this year, as the Indians were awi-y. Most of them were seen at Gull bay and they reported that the gardens were planted as usual, but on account of the great amount of rain, results would hardly be as good as last year. They had a fairly prosperous winter and looked with a great deal of pleasure on the fact that the Rev. B. Fuller would take up his residence with them. XIPIGOX BAND. The principalv reserve of this band is situated on Gull bay, Lake Xipigon, and contain? nine thousand eight hundred and twenty-five acres. It is well wooded along the banks of the Gull river, which runs through it. The soil is light. There is an- other reserve at Jackfish island, near the Hudson's Bay Company's post, and one at Island point, containing one hundred and thirty-five acres. Tribe. — These Indians are of the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — This band numbers four hundred and ninety-nine, consisting of seventj'-eight men, one hundred and ten women, one hundred and sixty-six boys, and one hundred and forty-five girls. There were fourteen births and twenty-six deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The death-rate has been very large and is attributed principally to consumption and grippe. Resources and Occupations. — Hunting is the principal occupation of this band. Some act as guides for the tourists on the Xipigon river, and some are working with the surveyors of the proposed Grand Trunk Pacific railway. Buildings. — There were no buildings erected this year ; some that were started last year are not yet completed. 28 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Tanii Implements. — They have implements sufficient for their present needs. Education. — The school on Jackfish island has been closed for some time and the Indians show no great desire to have it re-opened. Eeligion. — Of this band sixteen are Anglicans, one hundred and aeventy-eight Roman Catholics, and three hundred and five pagans. There is a Roman Catholic church on Jackfish island where mass is held occasionally. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and law-abiding, but take only a sanall interest in agriculture. Temperance and Moralit>,. — As far as can be judged, they are of good morals, they have no opportunity to procure intoxicants, if so disposed, being so far removed from where liquor is sold. PAYS PLAT BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on Pays Plat river. Lake Superior, and con- tains six hundred and five acres. Tribe. — The Indians are of the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population is forty-three, consisting of six men, thirteen women, fourteen boys, and ten girls. There was one death during the year, and one person married out of the band. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band has been good ; the reserve is kept very clean. ^ Resources and Occupationsj. — The occupations of these Indians are fishing, hunt- ing, exploring, and chopping wood ; they also sell large quantities of berries. Buildings. — Their houses are small, but comfortable and clean. Stock. — At present they have no stock. Parm Implements. — They have every implement necessary to their present wants. Education. — The school isi closed at present ; some are anxious to have it re- opened. Religion. — All the members of this band are Roman Catholics ; there is a church on the reserve, where mass is held occasionally. Characteristics and Progress. — They are fairly industrious and seem able to turn their hand to any kind of work that presents itself. Temperance and Morality. — They are both temperate and moral, PIC BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the Pic river. Lake Superior, and contains eight hundred acres, divided into twenty-five farms, facing the river. Tribe. — These Indians are of the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population is two hundred and nine, consisting of forty- five men, fifty-seven women, fifty-six boys, and fifty-one girls. There were three births and four deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been good ; the reserve is in a very sanitary condition. Resources and Occupations. — They do some farming, considerable hunting and fishing, and some exploring ; they also aell large quantities of berries. Some are at present employed conveying supplies to the surveyors engaged in running the line for the proposed Grand Trunk Pacific railway. Buildings. — Their houses are comfortable and well kept. Stock. — The horse supplied by the department died last winter, but the chief purchased another a short time ago. Farm Implements. — They have all the implements necessary for the kind of farming they engage in. Education, — There is a school on the resei*ve, which has a fair attendance ; the parents take considerable interest in their school. i PA BRY SO UXD S Ul'ERIS TEXDENC Y, OX T. 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Religion. — Of this baud five are Anglicans and two hundred and four are Roman Catholics ; there is a church on the reserve, where mass is held occasionally. Characteristics and Progress. They are law-abiding and fairly industrious. There has not been much advancement made this year ; the loss of their horse has been a great drawback to them. Temperance and Morality. — The morality and sobriety of the band is excellent. LONG LAKE BAXD. Reserve. — This reserve is situated at the northwest end of Long lake and con- tains six hundred and twelve acres. Tribe. — These Indians are of the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population is three hundred and forty-one, consisting of sixty-three men, eighty-six wornen, eighty-two boys, and one hundred and ten girls. There were sixteen births, and five deaths during the year. Health. — The health of this band has been remarkably good. Resources and Occupations. — This is essentially a hunting band. They transport the goods of the Hudson's Bay Company from Lake Superior. At present some are taking supplies to the engineer^ engaged in surveying for the proposed Grand Trunk Pacific railway. Education. — There has never been a school on this reserve ; they are, however, showing some interest in educational matters the last few years. Religion. — Of this band sixty-five are Anglicans, and two hundred and seventy-six Roman Catholics ; there is a church on the reserve, where mass is occasionally cele- brated. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and intelligent, but take very little interest in anything but hunting. Temperance and Morality. — They appear to be a veiy moral and sober people. I have, &Q., J. F. HODDER, Indian Agent. Province of Ontario, Parry Sound Superintendency, Parry Sound, August 28, 1903. The Honoui'able The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report and statistical statement, showing the condition and progress of the various bands in this superintendency, for the year ended June 30, 1903. PARRY ISLAND BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the eastern shore of the Georgian bay, near the town of Pai-ry Sound. It contains an area of twenty-seven square miles. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of this reserve (exclusive of those Indians re- siding on the reserve who do not belong to the band) is one hundred and four, con- sisting of twenty-one men, thirty-five women and forty-eight children. During the 30 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 year there have been three births and one death, making a total increase in the number of persons in the band of two for the year. Health. — The health of the Indians of this band for tJie year has been very good, cnly one death having been recorded. " Resources and Occupations. — The resources of this reserve are agTiculture, hunt- ing and fishing. The lumbering operaitions of several large concerns at Parry Sound, together with the works in connection with the Canada Atlantic railway at Depot Harbour located on the resei-ve, enable the members of this band to secure employment at almost any time they may desire it. The members of this band have exceptional means of earning a livelihood. Besides tneir agricultural pursuits, which are gradually being improved, tliey secure consid- erable employment acting las guides to tourists who visit the adjacent summer resorts during the season, and in winter they can secure work in the lumbering camps located within easy reach of the reserve. Building and Stock. — The improvements in these are not as noticeable as I should wish. There is, however, one very good farm on the reserve owned by James Wallcer, a former member of the Cape Croker band, but who now belongs to the Parry Island band, and I am endeavouring to induce the other members of the band to emulate this Indian in their agricultural pursuits. Education. — The educational affairs of this band are in a fairly satisfactory con- dition. There are two schools on the reserve, each taught by a female teacher, holding a third-class certificate. There are nineteen children of school age on the reseiTe, besides those children residing on the reserve who do not belong to the band, some of whom attend school, so that the attendance has been fairly good during the past year. The progress of the pupils has been as good as could be expected. Religion. — The religious denominations are represented on the reseiTe as fol- lows : forty-five Methodists, thirty-nine Roman Catholics and twenty pagans. The Methodists have a very good church on the reserve, and the services, which are con- ducted by the Rev. Richard Black, the resident missionary on the reserve, are visually well attended. The Roman Catholics receive occasional visits from one of their clergy; the services at such times being held in the Roman Catholic church at Skene village. Characteristics. — The Indians of tiiis band are a very well behaved and law-abid- ing people, and morally they stand ver^^ high. Temperance. — The members of this band are a most temperate bodj^, as no ease of intemperance among them during the year has been reported to nie; theii- conduct in this respect has been quite satisfactory. SIIAWANAGA BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated about four miles inland from the joastern shoi'c of Shawanaga bay, on the east side of Georgian bay, and twenty-three miles north of (he town of Parry Sound. It contains an area G)f fourteen square miles. Resources. — ■The lesources of this reserve comprise : farming, which, however, is not carried on to any great extent, fishing, and the gathering and selling of wild fruit, &c. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — This band has a population of one hundred and nine, consisting of twenty-five men, thirty-three women and fifty-one childreai. During the year there have been two births and two deaths, which leaves the population of the band the same as last year. Health.— The health of this band for the past year has been comparatively good, only two deaths being recorded. Occupations. — Farming to a limited extent forms one of the occupations of this band. Fishing and hunting are, however, the means adopted by most of them in earn- ing a living. The Buffalo Fish Company, which has a depot at Pointe au Baril, em- i PAHRY SOUXD SUI'ERINTENDENCY, OXT. 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ploys quite a few of the members of this band in the capacity of fishermen, at which they make good wages. Buildings. — The buildings of this band are small, and of an inferior type. ]Most of them are built of logs, and of such dimensions that they do not allow of the proper housing of the occupants. Education. — The children of this band are taught in a school-honse on the reserve, wliere the exercises are conducted by a female teacher holding a third-ckiss certificate. The course of studies is that authorized by the department. The number of children of school age is twenty-eight. The progress of the pupils during the past year has been fair. Religion. — The religious denominations are represented in this band as follows : seventy-six Methodists and thirty-three Koman Catholics. There are two churches on the reserve ; the one belonging to the Methodists, which is now completed, being a very creditable structure ; the other, belonging to the Roman Catholics, is not near com- ])letion yet. Services have frequently been held in the new Methodist church, and they have been well attended. Characteristics. — The Indians of this band, while not as industrious, collectively, iis they might be, appear to be a bright and intelligent body of people. A few of them o- stables, but little else in the way of outbuildings, and being labourers, have little iise for them. Stock. — They have a few horses, mares and colts, and some pigs and poultry, and seem to have a desire to acquire more. Farm Implements. — They have a few ploughs, and a lot of shovels, spades, hoes and rakes — sufficient for their requirements. Education. — They have an excellent school. The attendance is fairly good, and the parents seem to take an interest in education. They have an exceptionally good teacher, Miss Josephte de Lamorandiere. Religion. — The members of this band are Roman Catholics. They have a church, and appear to take an interest in their religious instruction. Characteristics and Progress. — They are verj' industrious and are law-abiding and progressive. Temperance and Morality. — They are very temperate, abstain from intoxicants, and are moral in their habits and conduct. 40 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 SPANISH RIVEU BAND, Reserve. — This reserve is situate on the north shore of the I:\orth channel of Lake Huron, along the south bank of the Spanish river. It is bounded on the south and west by the waters of the said North channel, and on the north by the Spanish river, and contains twenty-eight thousand acres. This band, as to residence, is divided into three communities. Two of these dwelling on the reserve are in my charge, viz., at Sagamook, a beautiful point running out into the North channel, and on the left bank of the Spanish river in the easterly end of the reserve. The third community is on Manitoulin island, under the jurisdiction of Indian Agent Sims. Tribe. — These Indians are of the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The number of souls in the two communities within tlie juris- diction of my agency is three hundred and twenty-two, consisting of fifty-five men, sixty-five women, and one hundred and forty children. There were nine births and seven deaths during the yeai-. Since my last report my estimate is that sixty-two indi- viduals of these bands have come, by direction of the department, under the oversight as to payment of annuities and otherwise, of Indian Agent Nichols, of Sault Ste, Marie. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been exceptionally good during the year. Their premises have been kept clean and their houses have been whitewashed. Resources and Occupations. — Many of them work as farm-hands, a goodly number as labourers, and many follow fishing and hunting for a living. The women and children gather berries and make baskets for sale. Buildings, — Their buildings are exceptionally good, and with outbuildings are kept in a good state of repair. Stock. — They have a good assortment of stock, consisting of horses, cattle, pigs and poultry, and they are continually improving the quality. Farm Implements. — They have a few ploughs and harrows, and a lot of spades, hoes and rakes, sufficient for their needs. Education. — They have two good schools, one at Sagamook, well attended and in charge of Miss Lenseh, the best school in my agency, and the other at Spanish River, ably conducted by Miss Morley. The parents of the children are taking considerable interest in education. Religion. — Tliose residing at Sagamook are nearly all Roman Catholics, and those residing at Spanish River are mostly Anglicans. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are an industrious class, and are peaceable and law-abiding, and have made considerable progress during the year. They are well clothed and are making a comfortable living. Temperance and Morals. — They are temperate, mostly abstaining from nil ir toxi- cants, and, as far as I am able to judge, a comparatively moral people, GENERAL REMARKS. There is continued improvement in all the bands in the direction of civilization and the adopting of the methods of the white people. This is noticeable in their dress and business dealings. None of them have, however, taken to farming exclusively. I have, &c., SAMUEL HAGAN, Indian Agent. i WALPOLJsJ ISLAND AGEXCY, UNT. 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 puovtnce of ontario, Walpole Island Agency, Walpole Island, September 16, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit my annual report on the Chippewas and Pot- tawattamies of Walpole island for the year ended June 30, 1903, together with a statistical statement for the same period giving the census returns of both bands taken in the months of August and September, showing the increase and decrease in the population, progresis in agriculture and other industries whereby the Indians make their living. Health and Sanitation. — The Indians have been generally healthy during the year, no epidemics having appeared among them except whooping-cough and mumps among the children, which have been the cause of a good many deaths. The Indians are giving a good deal of atlention to cleanliness in and around their premises ; there is a marked improvement in this respect each year. Population. — There has been a decrease in the population of the Chippewa band of twenty-one, there being now six hundred and four ; the Pottawattaraies have in- creased seven during the year and now have a membership of one hundred and eighty-six. Education. — There are three schools on the reserve taught by native-born teachers, but the schools are not as| well attended as they should be on account of the parents not taking the interest that they should in sending the children to school. There are a number of the larger scholars attending the Mount Elgin Institute and the Shingwauk Home. Religion. — There are two churches on the reserve, an Anglican and a Methodist. Divine service is held every Sunday, both morning and evening, and both churches have a good attendance. Characteristics and Progress. — Generally speaking, the Indians of this reserve are industrious and law-abiding, and are making fair progress. Temperance and Morality. — It is to be regretted that a few of the Indians use intoxicating liquor, and the marriage law is not observed as well as it should be, but there has been a great improvement in these matters during the past year. Agriculture. — Generally speaking, the crops are poor on account of so much rain ; there is sufficient for their wants, although there will be very little to market, but in this respect they are no worse off than the farmers on the mainland. Special mention might be made of the names of Nagonub James Williams, Henry Knaggs aii'l several others for the marked improvements m their farms and buildings the last few years. Other Industries. — The Indians make fancy baskets and mats out of splints and sweet g'rass ; also canes, bows and arrows^ and small bark canoes, which they sell to the summer visitors and excursionists, who come here in large numbers from all parts of the United States, during the whole summer season, and are a means of a large revenue to the reserve. Public Improvements. — The Indian Department has built a residence for ihe agent, and the Customs collector has built a residence and office on the River St. Clair, which makes quite an improvement to the appearance of the reserve. I have, &c., J. B. McDOUGALL, Indian Agent. 42 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAK AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Province of Quebec, Abenakis of Becakcour, Becancour, August 10, 1903. 'J'he Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit my annual report and statistical statement for the year ended June 30, 1903. Reserve. — The i-eserve of the Abenakis of Becancour is situated on the western side of the Becancour river in the parish of Becancour, Nicolet county. The area of the reserve is exactly 148 -03 acres. Tribe. — The Indians of this band call themselves the ' Abenakis of Becancour.' Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is forty-nine (including absentees), consisting of eleven men, twenty-five women and thirteen children. There were two deaths during the year, but no births. Occupations. — The principal occupations of the Abenakis of Becancour consist in cultivating the soil, working in the shanties and on the drives, and in making baskets and other fancy wares. Most of them are poor. The government assists the most des- titute among them, especially the widows, and in relieving these unfortimate persons it does a great act of charity. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — There has been little change in the buildings this year. The number of the stock remains about the same. The Indians are purchasing more implements and of a better class. Health land Sanitation. — There has not been any epidemic on the reserve. The health of the Indians is satisfactorj' generally and sanitary precautions are fairly well observed. Education. — The school on the reserve is closed on account of the small number ■^f children of school age. The department gives these children the privilege of attend- ing a public school very close to the reserve ; but they take very little advantage of it, owing to the negligence of the parents about sending them. Religion. — All the Indians of this band are Roman Catholics, but some of them are not very attentive to their religious duties. They attend the parish church. Characteristics. — These Indians are fairly industrious, and easily obtain work at good wages ; but their conditions of life remain stationary, owing to their lack of economy and improvidence. Temperance and Morality. — There has been but little change in respect to tem- perance. The morality of the Indians is fairly good. I have, &c., H. DESILETS, Indian Agent. Province of Quebec, Abenakis of St. Francis, St. Francois du Lac, July 16, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report and statistical statement for ihe year ended June 30, 1903. i A B EN A K IS OF ST. FBAXCIS, QUE. 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Reserve. — The resen^e of the Abenakis of St. Francis consists of several pieces of land, situated in the seigniories of St, Francois du Lac and Pierrevillc. Its total area is eighteen hundred and nineteen acres and fifty-two perches. The portion of the reserve inhabited by the Indians is designated by the iSI"o. 1217 on the official plan of the parish of St. Thomas de Pierreville, and contains twelve hundi-ed and twenty-eight acres. The village is situated on the bank of the St. Francis river, about six miles from its mouth in Lake St. Peter. It has a very picturesque site. Tribe. — The Indians of this tribe call themselves the ' Abenakis of St. Francois de Sales.' Vital Statistics. — This band is composed of three hundred and forty-five persons^ consisting of eighty men and eighty-six women over twenty-one years of age, and eighty- nine boys and ninety girls under that age. During the year there were seventeen births and thirteen deaths. Health. — There has not been any contagious disease or epidemic during tlio year. Occupations. — The principal occupations of the Indians are basket-making and fancy work. They make baskets all winter, and about the month of June most of the families go to sea-side resorts in the United States, especially to the Atlantic coast, and to the "White mountains, as well as to resorts in the province of Ontario, to sell their wares. They return in autumn. This business is their chief source of revenue. There are also some families that hunt as well as sell baskets, but the number of those that follow this pursuit is diminishing each year more and more, in proportion as game becomes rare. Agricultui'e is only a secondary oocupation among the Abenakis of St. Francis. Some of them even do not farm at all ; others raise some vegetables such as potatoes, corn, &c. Some families cultivate a little more, but the sale of their baskets, which compels them to be absent during the greater part, of the summer, prevents their jnving to agriculture the attention required. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements.— The buildings are for the most part lairly good, and there are in the village some houses that are veiy pretty and very comfortable. The Abenakis own some hoi-ses, a large number of good cows, and some pigs. They have veiy few farm implements. Education. — The education of the children receives much attention. Most of the Indians can read and write, and a good many of them have taken a course at college or at some other higlier institution of learning. There are two schools on the reserve, the Roman Catholic school, under the dii-ection of the Rev. Sisters Marie Josephine and Jeanne Fmngoise, and the Protestant school, under the charge of the Rev. H. O. i.oiselle. These two schools are well conducted, and afford an excellent education to a large number of childi-en. Religion. — The Abenakis belong to various religjious faiths : two hundred and sixty are Roman Catholics, fifty-two are Anglicans, and thirty-three are Adventists. There are three churches on the reserve : one, Adventist, conducted by the Rev. Pierre Emmett, another, Anglican, by the Rev. H. 0. Loiselle, and the third, Roman Catholic, by the Rev. Joseph de Gonzague. Characteristics and Progress. — The Abenakis as a rule -are hard-working and in- unstrious. The making and sale of baskets brings them a good deal of money, enabling them to live comfortably, and some of them are rich. Each family returns in the fall with a pretty good sum, and if they were more economical and less improvident, they might put money aside for a rainy day. However, several of them have built large houses for themselves, and the village presents a very pretty aspect. Temperance and Morality.— There has been very little disorder caused by the use of liquor, and the morality of the Abenakis is generally good. General Remarks. — These Indians are as civilized as the white people of the sur- rounding district, and live in harmony with the latter. Very few of the members of this band are pure-blooded Indians : all have more or less white blood in their veins. 44 DEPABTMEXT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 jiany of them have lost the characteristics of the red uiau, and it is very difficult for those seeing them for the fii-st time, to recognize them as Indians. Nearly all of them speak English and French, and use one or other of these languages in their dealings %\ith white men, but in the family and at their meetings and council, they speals -vbenakis, which they preserve with religious care. I have, &c., A. 0. COMIEE, M.D., Indian Agent. Province of Quebec, Algonquins of Kiver Desert, Maniwaki, August 25, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. ' Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report and statistical statement for the year ended June 30, 1903. MANIWAKI RESERVE. Eeserve. — The reserve of this band is situated in the northern part of the county of Wright, at the confluence of the Desert river with the Gatineau, and contaics an Area of forty-four thousand five hundred and forty-eight acres, three roods and twenty- six perches, excluding therefrom fifty-four acres, three roods and twenty-four perches, sold to the Ottawa JSTorthern Railway Company. Tribe. — The Indians of this band belong to the Algonquin tribe. Vital Statistics. — There are three hundred and eighty-six persons belonging to this band — ninety-seven men, one hundred and four women and one hundred and eighty-five children. There have been ten births and fourteen deaths during the year, making a decrease of four since my last report. The causes of death were : six from whooping-cough, three from old age, one from pneumonia, two from consumption, one from small-pox and one by drowning. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians since the spring has been exceptionally good, but during the months of July, August and September, 1902, there was a virulent epidemic of whopping-cough, which augmented the death-rate to a con- siderable extent. There were also a few cases of small-pox during the early part of the year, one of which proved fatal, but the disease has completely disappeared from this locality now. The usual sanitary precautions have been obseiwed, and a number of the Indians are beginning to take interest in the cleanliness of their habitations. Resources and Occupations. — The chief occupations of the Algonquins are farm- ing, hvmting and working in the woods for the lumber companies ; the latter industry furnishes an ample supply of remunerative labour. There are some of the Indians who still follow hunting, but this number is growing smaller every year. There are two Indians of this band who hold responsible positions as foremen for the local lumber companies, and others who are expert bush rangers and obtain high wages. The older Indians who reside on the reserve during the winter season make snow-shoes and axe-handles, and the women make baskets, moccasins, mittens and fancy work. Buildings. — One frame house, bam, stable and storehouse were erected during the year. i AMALhVITJi-S OF VIGER, ■ u, th? teacher, is well liked by the Indians and is doing good work in the school. Characteristics and Progress. — Some of these Indians are making progress. I might mention Abram Clare, John Joseph, Tom Joseph and some others who are beginning to improve their condition. There are, however, a great number who do not trouble themselves about their condition. INDIAN ISLAND BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated near the mouth of the Riehibucto river, Kent county, and contains one hundred acres. About twenty-five acres are cultivated, the remainder being covered with small spruce and fir. The land is low and sandy. Vital Statistics. — The population is thirty-three, a decrease of one. There were three deaths and no births during the year. Four from this band joined the Big Cove band. Two moved to this reserve from Burnt Church and four from Buctovicho. Health and Sanitation. — There have been several cases of sickness among these Indians, chiefly pulmonary comi^laints. The old chief, Peter Barlow, died last winter after several months of sickness. He had been chief of this band for many years. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians chiefly engiige in fishing, but do some farming. The reserve is well situated for them to engage in smelt, oyster, eel and all other kinds of fishing. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Their dwellings are small. They have a church on this reserve. They have very little stock and very few farm implements. Education. — These Indians take more interest in education than most other Indians in this agency. There are ten children of school age belonging to the band and seven of these attend school. Six attend the white school near the reserve and one attends the grammar school in Riehibucto. i XEW BRUNSWICK, XORTHEASTERX DIVISIOX 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and some of them are progressing. Peter Barlow, Thaddy Saulk and others are amongst the most in- dustrious. BUCTOUCHE BAXD. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the north side of the Buctouche river, Kent count3% about three miles above the village of Buctouche. It contains about three hundred and fifty acres, of vphich about fifty are cleared. The land is very fertile. Vital Statistics. — The population is eighteen, a decrease of nine. There has been one death, four have removed to Indian island and four others have left the district. Health. — There has been much sickness among these Indians during the winter iind spring. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians do a little farming, some fishing, and manufacture Indian wares, but they live largely by begging. Buildings and Stock. — They live in small frame houses and have no stock. Education. — The children do not attend school. Characteristics and Progress. — They are making no progress, OTHER RE.SERVES. The remaining reserves in this agency are not occupied by Indians, except Fort Folly reserve, in Westmoreland county, on which three Indian families reside. Pock- mouche reserve, in Gloucester county, and Tabusintac reseiwe, in Northumberland •county, belong to the Burtn Chui'ch band. Pockmouche reserve contains two thousand four hundred and seventy-seven acres, chiefly woodland, growing small pine and spruce. Tabusintac reserve contains eight thousand and seventy acres of wood and timber land, growing spruce, pine, cedar, hemlock and hardwoods. Half of the Big Hole reserve, in Northumberland county, belongs to the Red Bank band and half to the Eel Ground band. It contains six thousand three hundred and three acres, part of which is covered with wood and timber, and part with scrub pine. There is a valuable salmon-fishing privilege in connection with this reserve, and also one in connection with the Pabineau reserve, in Gloucester county. Renous reserve, consisting of one liundred acres of woodland, belongs to the Eel Ground band, and Indian Point reserve, <;ontaining also one hundred acres of woodland, belongs to Red Bank band. Fort Folly reserve, on the Petitcodiac river, contains sixty-two and a half acres of land, only a strip of which along the river is fit for agriculture, the remainder consisting of high, stony land covered with spruce wood, INDIANS NOT SETTLED ON RESERVES, There are a number of Indians at Dorchester, Shediac. iloncton and Salisbury, in. Westmoreland county, not settled on reserves. Including the three families at Fort Folly, they number seventy-two, a decrease of one. There have been three deaths and two births. They reside in shanties and live by begging and the manufacture and sale •of Indian wares. The three families at Fort Folly live in frame houses and do some farming. They are not making any progress. Religion. — The Indians of this agency are all Roman Catholics. They are deeply attached to their church and their clergymen have much influence over them, I am much indebted to Rev, Father Bannon, missionary at Big Cove. Rev. Father Morrisey, missionary at Burnt Church, and other clergymen attending other bands, for assistance •given me in matters relating to Indian affairs. All these Indians obseiwe the festival of Ste. Anne and keep up the festivities for two or three days. Temperance and Morality. — Many of these Indians are total abstainers from in- toxicants. There are some, however, in all the bands who succeed in obtaining liquor 64 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 despite all efforts to prevent it. Several prosecutions have taken place during the year against white men for selling it to them and against Indians found intoxicated. These Indians are, as a general rule, moral, peaceable and law-abiding. I have, &c., WM. D. CAKTEK, Indian Superintendent. New Brunswick, xorthern and western divisions, Frederictok, July 13, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report and statistical statement for the year ended June 30, 1903. XORTHEKN DIVISION. EDMUNDSTON RESERVE. Reserve. — This reserve is situated in Madawaska county. It contains an area of seven hundred and twenty acres, of which five hundred and twenty are forest-lands, covered chiefly wiih spruce, fir and hardwood. The remainder of the reserve com- prises high and intervale lands fronting on the St. John river, all of which is excel- lent for farming purposes. Vital Statistics. — The population of the band is forty-seven, an increase of one for the past year. Resources and Occupations. — The employments engaged in by these Indians are milling, hunting, acting as guides, stream-driving and making Indian wares. A few of the band give considerable time to farming. Their cropsi consist chiefly of oats, potatoes, buckwheat, com and hay, and usually are a fair average. Most of the Indians, however, prefer hunting and acting as guides to any other means of earning a livelihood. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians, excepting an aged Indian who has been ill for twelve months past, has been remarkably good. No disease of a contagious nature made it.^* appearance amongst them during the past year. Their dwellings are of modern finish, and are neatly kept. Sanitary measures are strictly attended to as soon as the spring-time permits of it. Since my last report one Indian has erected a new dwelling, which when finished will cost at least $1,000 ; at the present time it is well advanced. Temperance and Morality. — The habits and morals of these Indians are good. Education. — A few children occasionally attend the free school in the district. Others, owing to their peculiar habits, cannot be induced to attend school. Religion. — All these Indians are Roman Catholics. Their spiritual affairs are attended to by the Rev. L. C. Damour, of Edmundston. TOBIQUE BAND. Reserve. — This reser^'e is situated at the junction of the Tobique and St. John rivers, in the county of Victoria. It consists of about fifteen thousand acres of farm- i NEW, BRUNSWICK, NORTHERN AND WESTERN DIVISIONS 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 :ng and forest lands. The lands north of Tobique river are very fertile, fi-ee from stone, and well adapted for farming. The land south of Tobique river, owing to hills iind its uneven nature, is not, unless in certain sections, etjual to the first named land for farming, but is noted for the fine growth of timber thereon. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is one hundred and ninety-five, a decrease of three for the past year. Resources and Occupations. — The resources from which the Indians derive their living are fanning, acting- as guides, work in the woods, stream-driving, rafting lum- ber, and running rafts from Tobique river to Fredericton. Acting as guides in season, is engaged in by the majority of the band. As a rule, work such a^ j-eferred to, is plentiful in this section of Xew Brunswick, and th.e services of Indians are in good .demand at the best wages. Others of the band give considerable attention to farming. Their crops are principally oats, potatoes, buck- wheat, turnips and hay, and are a fair average. They are owners of some fine horses and cattle. Health and Sanitation. — During the year the band was subject more or less to sioktiess of an ordinaiy nature. During last fall many of the children suffered from an erifdemic similar to measles. Happily there were no fatal resvdts. Although many >:;arts of this province have been visited by small-pox, I am pleased to report that none of this band as yet have been stricken with the disease. With reference to the sani- tary condition of the resei"ve, I may say that every part of the same is in good con- dition. The dwellings and premises of the Indians are clean. The water-supply for domestic use is carried from boiling springs at the rear of the reserve by two aqueducts, «o that everything has been done to protect the health of the Indians. Temperance and Morality. — The majority of the Indians avoid the use of intoxi- cants. There are, hc^ever, a class that will, at times, indulge too freely in the use of liquor. In morals their habits are good. Eeligion. — All the members of this band are Roman Catholics. They pride them- selves on their church, a neutly finished edifice, which they attend regularly. The Rev. 3e. Consumption was the cause of five deaths. Sanitai-y regulations have been complied with by cleaning in and about the dwellings, whitewashing the same and burning the refuse. 72 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAX AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 lieiources and Occupations. — The Indians derive their support from hunting, trapping, basket-making, making fancy work of different kinds, farming, river-driving ::!id canoe-making. Buildings. — The buildings are of frame ; most of them are in good repair, and comfortable. Education. — The Indians have 'a good school-house on the resei-ve. The attendance IS very good ; the pupils learn quickly and are making good progress. Religion. — The Indians in this band are all Roman Catholics. They have on • fhurch on the reserve, where they worship. Characteristics. — "With few exceptions the Indians are industrious and law- abiding. Temperance. — With few exceptions they are temperate. Measures have been taken to prevent the sale of liquor on the reserve. I have, &c., JAS. H. PURDY. Indian Agent. Nov.\ Scotia, MicMACS OF Halifax Couxty, fc. Sheet Harbouk, August 31, 1003. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit my annual report and tabular statement for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — This agency comprises the whole of Halifax county. The Indians reside at various places, principally Sheet Harbour, Elinsdale, Wellington, Windsor .1 unction, Bedford, Dartmouth, and Cole Harbour. Population. — The population of this band is one hundred and sixty-one. The increases and decreases in population by births and deaths respectively, are few. The changes in population are attributable to the fact that a great many are continually shifting their places of abode. Health. — The Indians of this agency, though having escaped epidemics, have suf- fered considerably from ordinary ailments. Some of them live at a great distance I'rom the nearest physician, and so, in cases of repeated visits, the medical accounts are brought to a high figure. Education. — Since the closing of the school at Cole Harbour, no distinctiveiy Irdian school has been in operation in the county. Occupations. — The principal sources of income are lumbering, fishing, hunting and basket-making. Religion and Morality. — The Indians of this county are all of the Roman Catholic fiith. They are generally law-abiding and sober, though some cases of crime have oven drawn public notice. I have, &c., CHARLES E. McMANUS, Indian A gen I. i MICMACS OF IXVERXESS COUNTY, X.S. 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 XovA Scotia, MicMACS OF Haxts County, Shubexacadie, June 30, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report and tabular statement for the year ended June 30, 1903. Vital Statistics. — During the year there has been a deci'ease of ten in the band under my care, making the present population eighty-one. Health and Sanitation. — The. health of the Indians during the year has been fairly good, especially has this been the case with those residing on the reserve, owing no doubt to the persistence of Dr. McLean in calling the attention of each family visited by •him to the necessity of strict observance of the regulations concerning sanitation. Several bad accidents were reported from other parts of the county, such as fractured limbs and gun-wounds ; these were attended to by the nearest physician. One woman, becoming insane, was placed in the asylum for the insane. Occupations.- — Besides farming, the principal occupation of those residing on the reserve during the year has been the manufacture of the popular Micmac hockey-stick, which is becoming every year a more permanent industry among those who are not pro- minent in agriculture. Education.— Notwithstanding the many disadvantages to be encountered and pre- judices to be overcome, education has made itself apparent in the youths of the band. Not only in their conversation, but in their dress and general deportment, do we find an Indian of an advanced type and, although I cannot report an attendance which the number of children of school age warrants, still each year brings the conclusion that in lh^ school lies the future hope of the Indians. Temperance. — No case of intemperance has been reported during the year. Religion. — All the Indian^: are Roman Catholics and attend sei-vices in their church on the reserve. Father Young is their spiritual adviser. I have, &c., ALONZO WALLACE. Indian Agent. Nova Scotia, MiCMACS OF IXVERXKSS CoUNTY, Glexdale, June 30, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit mv annual report for the year ended June 30. 1903. Reserve. — This agency comprises two reserves, Whycocomagh. having an area of fifteen hundred and fifty-five acres, and Malagawatch, twelve hundred acres. Vital Statistics. — The Whycocomagh band numbers one hundred and thirty-five, the Malagawatch, forty-one, in all one hundred and seventy-six souls. The increase at 74 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Whycocomagh was two, there having been seven births and five deaths. The increase at Malagawatch was nine, there having been two births, one death and eight persons having joined the band. Health. — As a rule the Indians of this agency enjoyed good health during the year. Consumption is the Indian's greatest enemy. Because of poverty, and its com- mon attendant, lack of cleanliness, proper precautions are not taken to prevent the disease germs of this scourge taking hold of new victims. Once it has invaded one of these cramped homes, it is next to impossible to check its progress. The one small room usually serves as kitchen, dining-room and dormitory to the family and as hospi- tal for the patient. The agents, in following out the instructions of the sanitary cir- cular as well as of the medical attendants in their visits, can do much in pointing out to these poor people the necessity of ventilation, of cleanliness and of care in disposing of sputum and such-like. Resources and Occupation?. — A small number, perhaps a single family, has learned to look to the soil for all its support. It is to be hoped that this spirit will be emulated by others. Mr. Simon Basquer, chief of the Whycocomagh band, has displayed un- common enterprise in setting out a large orchard of young fruit-tr^es. It is to be hoped that his energy will be well rewarded and that others may be incited to follow his ex- ample. The booming of the towns hereabouts has been felt even by the Indians. Many of them command good wages in unloading ore ships and in many other ways. Basket- making, bead-work, coopering, fishing, trapping and begging are the avocations that sustain these people, besides the means already mentioned. Buildings. — The homes of the Indiana of this agency are mostly frame houses, but a large number of them are small and poorly adapted to sustain the attacks of frost. Consequently, the occupants of these suffer not a little. Education. — There is a school kept on the Whycocomagh reserve. It is difficult to keep Indian childi-en at school regularly ; as a result their progress is retarded. Eeligion. — All the Indians of this agency are Roman Catholics, and they are faithful children of the Church whose creed was first preached to them by the early French missionaries. Temperance and Morality. — The morals of these people are, for the most part, good. The number of bad Indians is small. Intoxicants| are shunned by all but a few. When the young men go to the towns to work, many of them display great desire for 'fire-water,' taking to it most greedily. A few convictions have been had through the department, and it is to be hoped that this line of action will be pursued. I have, erintendent General of Indian Aft'airs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended June 30 lf'03. Reserve. — The reserve is situated on the north of Starr's road, about two miles from town. It contains twenty-one and a quarter acres ; of this about five acres are 80 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 cleared. It I'aise* a ton and a half of hay per acre. There are but three families liv- ing on the reserve; the rest of the Indians are scattered all over the county, some at Tusket, Tusket Forks, Salmon riA-er, Pubnico and Hectanooga. Vital Statistics. — The population of this agency is eighty-one, a decrease of one, there having been one birth and two deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians is poor. They observe the sanitary regulations with regard to their dwellings verj' well. Occupations. — The Indians are engaged in making baskets, mast-hoops and axe- handles. They go fishing and hunting, and act as guides for parties fishing or hunting; some work in saw-mills and do generad work. Education. — The children of the reserve have a very poor chance to go to school, but at Tusket and Pubnico they attend quite regularly. Religion. — All the Indians are Roman Catholics. General Remarks. — The Indians with few exceptions are temperate and law- abiding. I have, (fcc, W. H. WIIALEN, Indian Agent. Prince E&ward Island, MicMACs OF Prince Edward Island, HiGGiNS Road, August 20, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs^ Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit my annual report and statistical statement lor the year ended June 30, 1903. Reserves. — There are two reserves in this superintendency, Lennox Island reserve and Morell reserve. The former is an island in Richmond bay. It contains one tliou- scnd thi-ee hundred and twenty acres. The Morell reserve is situated on lot 39 in King's county. It contains two hun- dred and four acres of good laud. Population. — There are in this superintendency, comprising both reserves and other localities in Prince Edward Island, three hundred and one souls, a decrease of fifteen since the last census ; this decrease is partly owing to migration. Health and Sanitation. — There was a good deal of sickness among the Indians last winter ; no less than sixteen died during that period, but now their health has };reatly improved. Occupations. — The principal pursuits of the Indians are farming, the manufac- ture of Indian wares and fishing. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — The Indians who reside on the re- serves occupy frame houses, but those scattered off the reseiTes live in camps or shanties, which afiord very little comfort. Those residing on the reserves keep horses, cows, sheep, pigs, and poultry. They are well provided with farm implements, such as ploughs, spring-tooth harrows, etc. Education. — There is but one school situated on T^nnox island, and attended by twenty-four children. Religion. — These Indians are all Roman Catholics. They have a church on Lennox island, built seven years ago, which is a credit to them. They have erected a wire and board fence around the chapel and burial-ground, of a substantial nature. i BEREXS RIVER AGENCY, MANITOBA SUPERINTENDENGY 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 and have planted a number of trees. This makes the surroundings very pretty and attractive. Temperance. — On this subject I am happy to be able to report that the Indians residing on the reserves are sober, excepting a few. They organized a temperance society some years ago on Lennox isiland, and it has done a great deal of good on this Toserve. I have, &c., JEAN O. ARSENAULT, Indian Agent. Manitoba Superintendexcy, "Berens Eiver Agency, West Selkirk, September 10, 1903. Tlio Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for my late agency for the year ended June 30, 1903. Reserves. — There are twelve reserves in the Berens River agency, which, counted from the south, are named as follows : — Black River, area 2,000 acres ; Hollowwater River, 3,316 acres ; Loon Straits, 3,369 acres, (abandoned) ; Bloodvein River, ^,185 acres, (thesie four occupied by Saulteaux) ; Fisher River, 9,000 acres, (Crees) ; Jackhead River, 2,860 acres ; Berens River, 7,400 acres ; Little Grand Rapids, 4,920 acres ; Pekangekum, 2,080 acres ; Poplar River, 3,800 acres, (these five occupied by Saulteaux) ; Xorway House, 10,840 acres, and Cross Lake, 7,760 acres, (occupied by Crees). Vital Statistics. — The population of the several reserves is made up as follows : — Black River has fifteen men, twenty women, thirteen boys and fourteen girls, making a total of sixty-two. Hollowwater River has twenty-two men, twenty-eight women, thirty-three boys and twenty-two girls, making a total of one hundred and five. Bloodvein River has nine men, twenty-two women, eighteen boys and eight girls, making a total of fifty-seven. Fisher River has ninety-five men, one hundred and three women, ninety-three boysj and ninety girls, making a total of three hundred and eighty-one. Jackhead River has fifteen men, twenty-two women, twenty-three boys and eight girls, making a total of sixty-eight. Berens River has fifty-eight men, sixty-three women, one hundred and seven boys and seventy-two girls, making a total of three hundred. Little Grand Rapids has twenty-six men, thirty-three women, forty-nine boys, and twenty-nine girls, making a total of one hundred and thirty-seven. Pekangekum has twenty men, twenty-six women, thirty boys and thirty-seven girls, making on© hundred and thirteen. Poplar River has twenty-eight men, thirty-nine women, fifty boys and thirty-five girls, making the total one hundred and fifty-two. Norway House has one hundred and seventeen men, one hundred and fifty-seven women, one hundred and forty-three boys and one hundred and thirty-three girls, making a total of five hundred and fifty. Cross Lake has seventy-one men, eighty-nine women, eighty-four boys and eighty- four girls, making the total three hundred and tenty-eight. This shows a grand total of two thousand two hundred and fifty-three, showing an increase of thirty for the year. 27— i— 6 82 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Health and Sanitation. — The general health in the agency has been good, but at Norway House there has been special trouble from some eruptive disease, probably chicken-pox, which occasioned a good many deaths. An attack of grippe added to the list of victims, and that fell destroyer, consumption, made the list of ailments complete. Ample provision has been made for the supply of medicines at convenient points, and careful dispensers havQ done their best to treat the various sufferers ; but it is almost impossible to secure either the proper diet or efficient nursing. Even the medicines supplied are not administered as directed, and in many cases are not given at all, and not unfrequently complications are brought on by the combined use of Indian and white medicines. Every effort has been made by personal visitation and direct counsel to induce the people who have adopted stoves of late instead of fireplaces, to admit of proper ventilation overhead, so that the heated air may have some proper chance of escape, but, while they seem disposed to listen, as a matter of fact they are slow to practise the lessons given. Resources and Occupations, — Most of the people have ample chances to earn money at almost every season of. the year. There are saw-mills or cord-wood camps, where workmen are always in demand. The niimber of boatmen required is constantly on the increase. Fishing is a very remunerative industry and the fur trade has shown signs of unusual activity. Any man who wants to work and has strength sufficient, might now live in luxury almost anywhere in the agency. Buildings and Stock. — We have reached an era of decided advance in the class of buildings that are being erected. The old Red River style of house has almost disappeared and in its place is found the finer and more durable house, dove-tailed at the corners, roofed with boards and shingles, supplied with floors and ceilings, and ill every way suggestive of comfort. The furnishings also and the tidiness of everything within contrast pleasantly with the old-time homes of these people. This improvement extends also to the stables and byres where the stock is housed. More care is taken of domestic animals than formerly. Oxen and even horses are being used more and more in place of dogs formerly in service almost exclusively. The tendency is distinctly forward. All this is particularly true of Fisher River, the most progressive reserve in the agency. Education. — There is a considerable number of day schools provided for the in- tellectual improvement of the young. The only places not supplied are Little Grand Rapids and Pekangekum. The people at these places are pagan for the most part and are wholly nomadic. Only for three months in summer while the men are employed freighting for the Hudson's Bay Company, could a school be successfully carried on. However, the request this year was strong and emphatic, and I hope something may speedily be done to aid the children of these people. Speaking generally of the question of education of the Indians of this north country, it is impK^rtant to note that the favourable conditions of the great west do not apply. We have no rich prairie soil, no large ranges of pasture-land, no market either for meat or cereals. Some of the children who have been favoured with in- dustrial school training come home and find that advantage gained at school is of small account in practical life as it is in the wild north-land. They have been edu- cated for agriculture and commerce ; and must live where there is neither agriculture nor commerce. They are taken from fishing and hunting at the foiTnative age, and after years of careful training for a different mode of living, return to fish and hunt. In some respects they are worse off than if they had continued in normal conditions. Of course it is admitted that intellectual training gives mind-power, and mental force is of value in any line of life. So far so good, and yet it is clear to my observation that strong elements of discontent are introduced into the lives of those who but for a brief space enjoy advantages which can never be theirs again. It is an important question whether the boarding school on the reserve is not after all likely to accomplish the greater good. i BEREXS RIVER AGENCY, MANITOBA SUPERINTENDENCY 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 It is found almost impossible to obtain eflELcient teachers for the day schools of the Lake Winnipeg country. The demand for first-grade ability in the rapidly ex- tending west is one reason for this, and another is the larger salaries paid within the more densely populated parts of the country. Men of worth can hardly be expected to give up $500 a year and all the advantages offered by modem life at home for $300 and the slight social advantages of a wilderness. For this reason the schools are closed for months at a time when they should be in full swing. Attendance at the day schools is also very unsatisfactory, owing, principally, to the migratory character of the parents who live largely by the chase and must needs be here and there. I cannot but refer to the boarding school at Norway House, which is doing a good work indeed and seems to be under excellent management. The building is being en- la tged and more room is much needed. Keligion. — There is small lack of religious advantage on this agency. The Metho- dists have a missionary at Cross Lake, at Norway House, at Berens River and at Fisher River. They have also a missionary teacher at Poplar River. Other missionaries of this church are just outside of the agency at Oxford House and Nelson House. From all these centres good influences go out which are helpful to our people and indirectly beneficial to the department. I can only speak highly of their work as I observe it. The Church of England also is doing active work at Black River, Hollowwater River and Jackhead River. Although there is no ordained clergyman stationed in the iield, the Rev. Mr. Thomas, of Fort Alexander, pays frequent visits to the points last named, and he has, acting under his direction, lay readers who conduct worship on the Sabbath days and help the people in many ways. The Roman Catholics have commenced a vigorous campaign at Cross Lake and deserve great credit for the energy displayed by them in erecting a large church and school within the space of two years. Judging from the work accomplished in a short period of time, I can clearly foresee the increase of religious advantages for these peop'le. Characteristics. — The Indians of this agency are, as a rule, law-abiding and in- diistrious. Many will not work and, as a consequence, live on the border line of stai-vation. The great majority, however, have enough and to spare, because they are willing to work for their living. It is more and more noticeable that the popular man, the most highly respected man on a reserve, is the man who hustles and succeeds. Idleness is now looked upon as disgraceful, and the man who has nothing is rated as a worthless person whose misfortunes are deserved. Intemperance is not a marked feature of the social life here. At times liquor has been brought in and unfortunately some have rushed into great excess, but this is or'ly brief, and order is speedily restored. White men of a certain class, who indulge in intoxicants themselves, will persist in sharing with the Indians with whom they associate, and in one case at least death has been the result. I trust this unfortunate ci;cumstance will have its effect in prejudicing the native mind against liquors of all kinds. The morality of these people is not sufficiently developed to merit high praise. It is the outcome of old associations and old methods of living. Theie are many good people, but it is to be feared that the rising generation have somewhat low ideals of life. The advance of commerce always carries with it certain evil influences which in the outset are specially pernicious. Every sensible man regrets the presence of forces that blight human lives in the very bloom of youth. It is not easy to correct wrongs which are winked at by the elders of a tribe. It is regretful when the power of a bribe 13 greater than the power of the moral law. However, we will hope that society is moving out of darkness into light and knowledge and that the future will bring a purer social condition. I have, &c.,' JOHN SEMMENS, Indian Agent 27— i— 6* 84 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Province of Manitoba, Clandeboye Agency, West SELKUiK, September 10, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Afiairs, Ottawa. SiK, — I have the honour to submit for your information my report for the year ended June 30, 1903. Reserves. — There are three reserves in Clandeboye agency, viz. : St. Peters, Brokenhead Eiver and Fort Alexander. The first mentioned has an area of eighty square miles ; Brokenhead has nearly twenty-two square miles ; Fort Alexander has nearly thirty-two square miles. The distance from north to south ig about one hundred miles, and the reserves can be reached by sail-boat or steamer in summer, and by dog-train or horse teams in winter. All three of these places are situated in areas of excellent land suitable for farm- ing and stock-raising purposes, while at the same time they are adjacent to water so that the natives may enjoy all the advantage of sailing and fishing. All conditions appear to contribute to the welfare and happiness of the people. Vital Statistics. — At St. Peters are found two hundred and sixty men, two hun« dred and eighty women, three hundred and seven boys, two hundred and seventy-two girls, making a total of one thousand one hundred and nineteen. At Brokenhead are fifty-two men, fifty-two women, thirty-five boys and thirty- one girlsi, making a total of one hundred and seventy. At Fort Alexander there are one hundred and tw^enty-five men, one hundred and thirty-seven women, one hundred and twenty-eight boys and ninety-eight girls, mak- ing a total of four hundred ai:id eighty- eight. This shows a grand total of one thousand seven hundred and seventy-seven, and increase of sixty-three for the year. Health and Sanitation. — This year has been marked by excellent health through- out the agency, as last year wasr marked by ill health. There has been no epidemic. The conditions have been uniformly fortunate. Deaths have occurred, of course, but nothing out of the usual run. Fifty-five deaths have occurred, outbalanced by eighty- eight births. Most of the peoplei of this agency are well-to-do. They live in well built, well ventilated houses and have about them every evidence of thrift and comfort. We have tried to teach them to observe .the regulations of the department which have reference to the preservation of health, and for the most part have had their co- operation. Resources and Occupations. — There are found on this agency advantages not tisually associated with Indian reserves. Some of the best soil in Manitoba is to be found in St. Peters. All this is protected by a fringe of woods to the west and north- west. There is no reason why ten thousand bushels of wheat should not be raised here, and I suppose five hundred would measure the crop this year. This arises from lack of energy, and lack of capital in part, but more from the spendthrift habits into which many have fallen. Much money is earned from one source a.nd another, but as soon as there is a small accumulation on hand, it is wasted in debauchery. The most of our people have no ambition to do more than live from hand to mouth. I am glad to say that there are a few exceptions to be found, who deserve great praise. There is work for all and good wages for all, and the best of success is possible to all. Buildings and Stock. — I have found that the homes of the people are of very re- spectable order, being for the most part well built and warm, but there are also many i liAINY RIVER DISTRICT, FORT FRANCES AGENCY, MAN. 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 evidences of lack of thrift and energy. I do not despair of making the people see this in time, and of bringing about a much improved state of affairs. Considerable stock is raised and the quality of the cattle will compare favourably with the larger herds of the plains. Sheep are not extensively raised. Almost every- body has a horse, and not a few good buggies are noticed on the reserve. Education. — There are eight day schools in operation in the agency and the at- tendance is very encouraging indeed. The educational work is under the direction of the Church of England and Roman Catholic denominations, the former having five schools and the latter three. Many of the children from these reserves are found in the Middle Church, the St. Boniface, or the Elkhorn industrial, schools, and quite a number of pupils have re- turned, whose ability to read, write and speak English reflects great credit on their training. Much friction occurs over the funding of moneys of children attending the insti- tutions, and for some reason few, if any, consent to part with the annuities of the children. Religion. — Anglicans, Baptists, Roman Catholics, and minor sects, such as Seventh Day Adventists and Pbonouth Brethren, have entered this field. The three larger bodies have beautiful churches with resident clergymen and organized work. The smaller bodies have occasional services conducted by lay agents. The Indian, as I find him, is a religious person; and well disposed toward that which is good. He, however, has but little root in himself and in time of temptation readily falls away. We should not judge him by the standards used in judging white people. Considering his training, he measures fairly well. The one vice prevalent here is the curse of drink. Intemperance is wild and not only among the men, but also among the women of the tribe. In this wretched habit I find that the young men, from whom we might expect the best things, are the very ones who manifest the most lawlessness. They are often fined for being the worse of liquor on the street, but this leads to the sale of an animal from the herd, and the family suffers. Some more stringent measures must be adopted in order to the ade- quate correction of this curse. The payments of this agency were made this year in connection with those of the Berens River agency and the same expense measured the demand of both. I have, &c., JOHN SEMMENS, Indian Agent. Manitoba Superintendency, Rainy River District^ Fort Frances Agency, Fort Frances, Ont., August 24, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for this agency for the year ended June -30, 1903. Agency. — The agency buildings are situated at the mouth of Rainy lake, on what is known as Pithers point, about three miles east of Fort Frances, and the agency comprises the following bands, viz. : — Hungry Hall, Xos. 1 and 2 ; Long Sault, Xos. 1 and 2 ; Manitou Rapids, Xos. 1 and 2 ; Little Forks, Couchiching, Stangecoming, 86 OBPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Niacatchewenin, Nickickousemenecanning, Seine River, Lac la Croix and Sturgeon Lake, being fourteen in all. HUNGRY HALL BANDS, NOS. 1 AND 2. Reserves. — These reserves, Nos. 14 and 15, are situated near the mouth of the Rainy river, and contain six thousand two hundred and eighty acres. The timber on reserve No. 15 is of poor quality, as fires have frequently run through it during past years and destroyed most of the merchantable timber ; but on reserve 14 there have never been any fires and there are large quantities of tamarack, spruce and cedar. Tribe. — All the Indians in this agency belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of the two bands is forty-six, consisting of thirteen men, nineteen women, seven boys and seven girls. There has been one birth and one death during the year. Health and Sanitation. — Typhoid fever broke out among several families of these bands who were living at Rainy River last fall. Only one death occurred. Dr. A. A. McCrimmon, of Rainy River, attended them with good success. All the Indians have been vaccinated. Occupations. — The majority of these Indians work at the saw-mill and lumber camps, where they can always get employment at good wages. Religion. — The majority of these Indians are pagans ; a few belong to the Church of England. Education. — There is no school in operation on these reserves. Temperance. — These Indians are addicted to the use of intoxicants, which they get principally on the American side. LONG SAULT BANDS, NOS. 1 AND 2. Reserves. — These reserves, Nos. 1 and 2, are situated on the north bank of Rainy I'iver, opposite the rapids of that name. Their combined area is eleven thousand four hundred and thirteen acres. The land is a rich, black loam with a clay bottom, and \i) well adapted for farming and stock-raising. Vital Statistics. — There are twenty-three men, twenty-six women, twelve boys and nineteen girls in these bands, making a total of eighty in all. There have been five births and two deaths. =. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good. All the Indians have been vaccinated. Occupations. — They work at saw-mills, lumber camps, on steamboats, clearing Innd for settlers, and during last* winter took out a large quantity of cord-wood and some ties. Education. — There is a very good d-.y school here under the auspices of the Church of England. The attendance has been fairly good during the time the school was open, but owing to the difficulty in getting a good teacher, the school was closed during n portion of the year. Religion. — The Church of England has a very good church here, with a resident missionary. Rev. J. Johnson, who looks after the religious welfare of all the bands on Rainy river. Temperance. — I regret to state that these Indians are intemperate, and, owing to their close proximity to the American boundary, can get all the liquor they want. MANITOU RAPIDS BANDS, NOS. 1 AND 2. Reserve. — These bands occupy reserve No. 11, which is situated on the north bank of the Rainy river opposite the rapids of that name. The area is five thousand seven hundred and thirty-six acres. The land is a rich clay loam. The merchantable timber i RAINY EIVER DISTRICT, FORT FRANCES AGENCY, MAN- 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 on this reserve was sold by public auction to the Rat Portage Lumber Company. Dues amounting to $951.82 have been collected and placed to the credit of these bands for the timber cut last winter, and there is yet another season's cutting. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of twenty-four men, twenty-nine women, thirty boys and twenty-four girls, making a total of one hundred and seven. During the year there were four deaths and two births. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians are all good axemen and good work- ers, and can always get employment in lumber and tie camps at good wages. They also make a good deal of money clearing land for settlers, and hunting and sturgeon- fishing. They sold a large quantity of cord-wood last winter, for which they got a good price. Education. — There is a day school on this reserve, under the auspices of the Church of England, which is taught by Mr. R. H. Bagshaw. Religion. — They are all pagans in these two bands. Temperance. — These Indians are very much addicted to the use of intoxicants. LITTLE FORKS BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the north bank of the Rainy river, twelve miles east of Fort Frances and opposite the mouth of the Little Forks river,, and is designated as reserve No. 10. It contains an area of one thousand nine hundred and twenty acres. The land is a rich clay loam. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of eleven men, fifteen women, ten boys and twelve girls, making a total of forty-eight. There were two births and two deaths during the year. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians took out a quantity of ties and saw- logs from the dead timber on the reserve, and some began cutting green timber ; I then cancelled all permits. The young men work in lumber and tie camps, and for the settlers. They also were successful at hunting. Education. — The day. school on this reserve has been closed owing to the small average attendance of pupils. Temperance. — These Indians are intemperate, and as there is a ' blind pig ' kept on the American side of the river opposite the reserve, there has been a good deal of drinking done there during the year. WILD LAND RESERVE^ NO. 15M. Reserve. — This leserve, consisting of twenty thousand six hundred and seventy- cne acres, is owned in common by all the above mentioned Rainy River bands. It adjoins the Hungry Hall reserve, near the mouth of the Rainy rivei'. This reserve is well timbered with pine, spruce, tamarack, cedar and poplar. The land is a rich clay loam. COUCHICHING BAND. Reserve. — The reserves of this band are situated on Rainy lake and Stangecoming bay, three miles north of Fort Frances, and are designated as 16A, 16D, and 18B. They contain an area of fifteen thousand nine hundred and forty-seven acres. There is considerable good land, but the greater portion is rocky and broken. There is very little merehant?.ble timber on these reserves, owing to frequent fires in the past having destroyed the best of the timber. Vital Statistics. — Thirty-three men, forty-two women, thirty-three boys and thirty girls constitute the population of this band ; making a total of one hundred and thirty- e^ght. There were five births and one death during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of this band has been good. 88 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN' AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Resources and Occupations.— The resources of this band are many, but they principally consist of working in lumber camps, cutting cord-wood, river-driving, working on steamboats, fishing and hunting. A number of the Indian women get considerable work at washing and scrubbing at Fort Frances. These Indians sold a lai'ge quantity of dry cord-wood last winter, for which they got a good price. Buildings. — The houses are well-built and very comfortably furnished, and all are kept clean and neat. Education. — There is a good well-furnished day school here. It is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church. The attendance has been fairly good, and progress fair. Religion. — The majority of this band are Roman Catholics. They have a very good log church. The Rev. Father Allard has charge of this mission. • Progress. — These Indians arc principally French half-breeds, and are an industri- ous and law-abiding people. Temperance and Morality. — On the whole this band is a fairly temperate and moral community. STANGECOMING BAND. Reserve. — This reserve, No. 18 C, is situated about eight miles north of Fort Frances, on Rainy lake, and contains three thousand eight hundred and sixty-one acres. The greater portion is barren rock, and the timber of poor quality. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of six men, eight women, fourteen boys and twenty girls, making a total of forty-eight in the band. During the year there have been two deaths and one birth. Occupations. — These Indians live principally by fishing, hunting and working in lumber camps. Education. — There is a day school here under the control of the Roman Catholic Church. Temperance and Morality. — Thej^ are a fairly temperate and moral people. Religion. — Excepting about ten persons all the Indians in this and the following bands are pagans. NIACATCHEWENIN BAND. Reserves. — The reserves attached to this band are 17 A and 17 B, and are situated f.bout twenty-six miles northwest of Fort Frances, on Northwest bay tn Rainy lake. The area of these reserves is six thousand two hundred and one acres. There is considerable valuable land, but the greater portion is rocky and broken. Vital Statistics. — There are eleven men, thirteen women, fourteen boys and nine- teen girls in this band, making a total of fifty-seven. There have been two deaths and one birth during the year. Resources and Occupations. — The able-bodied men of this band get employment in lumber and tie camps, but they principally make their living by fishing and hunting. Education. — There is no school on this or the following reserves. NICKICKOUSEMENECANNING BAND. Reserves. — This band owns reserve 26 A on Red Gut bay, reserve 26 B on Porter inlet, and reserve 26 C on Sandy Island river and Rainy lake. The combined area is ten thousand two hundred and twenty-seven acres, a considei-able portion of which is heavily timbered. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band consists of six men, thirteen women, seventeen boys and ten girls, making a total of forty-six. There have been eight deaths and no births. i SAINY RIVER DISTRICT, FORT FRAXCES AGENCY, MAN. 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Health and Sanitation. — There has been a great deal of sickness in this band, principally during the early spring. I had Dr. Moore visit this resen-e, and he in- formed me that the deaths had occurred from various causes ; principally scrofula and consumption. There was no epidemical disease. Occupations. — This band lives principally hy hunting and fishing. SEINE RIVER BAND. Reserves. — This band has two reserves : No. 23 A, extending from Wild Potato lake to Stui-geon falls on the Seine river ; No. 23B is at the mouth of Seine river. They contain a combined area of eleven thousand and sixty-three acres. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of twenty-nine men, thirty-four women, thirty-one boys and thirty-five girls, making a total of one hundred and twenty-nine. There were four births and two deaths during the year. Resources and Occupations. — Only a few of these Indians reside on their reserve. They live principally by fishing and hunting. LAC LA CROIX BAND. Reserve.— The reserve. No. 25 D, belonging to this band, is situated on Lac la Croix, near the boundary, and contains fifteen thousand three hundred and fifty-three acres. Vital Statistics. — There are nineteen men, thirty-one women, twenty-six boys and thirty-three girls, making a total of one hundred and nine in this band. There has been one birth and no deaths during the year. Occupations. — The principal occupations of these Indians are trapping, hunting nnd fishing. KAWAWIAGAMAK OR STURGEON LAKE BAND. Reserve. — The reserve allotted to this band is situated on Kawawiagamak lake, and contains an area of five thousand nine hundred and forty-eight acres, the greater portion of which is heavily wooded with pine, spruce and tamarack. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of eight men, nine women, eleven boys a lid four girls. No births or deaths occurred during the year. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians depend entirely upon their hunting and fishing for a living. GENERAL REMARKS. The Indians in the ag-ency live principally by hunting, fishing, cutting cord-wood and railroad ties, working in the lumber camps and on steamboats, and make a very comfortable living, which they could improve if they were not so addicted to the use of intoxicants, spending their money for liquor instead of necessary supplies for their families. This is the principal drawback we have to contend with. and. owing to their close proximity to the United States, it is very difficult to suppress this evil, but every efFort is being made to do so. During the past ten months two Indians have been drowned and two killed on the railway through being intoxicated. I have, &c., JNO. P. WRIGHT, Indian Agent. 90 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Manitoba Superintendency, Pas Agency, The Pas, Sask., July 6, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the report of the Pas agency for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. THE PAS BAND. Reserve. — The Pas reserve is situated on the Great Saskatchewan river, about one hundred and forty miles from the mouth. It contains eight thousand one hun- dred and twenty-eight acres, part of which is on the north and part on the south side of the river There is no farming land here. The country all around is low and flat, and for the last three years the river has overflowed its banks and only the highest spots have been above water. Tribe. — The members of this band belong almost exclusively to the Swampy Crees. Vital Statistics. — The population at last treaty payments was four hundred and twenty-six, made up of ninety-four men, one hundred and fourteen women, one hun- dred and eight boys and one hundred and ten girlsi Eighteen births and twenty-one deaths occurred during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of this band has improved during the past year. Since the appointment of Dr. Larose as a resident physician here, they are all anxious to consult and be treated by him. Many serious cases have been successfully dealt with, which in the absence of a skilled physician would undoubtedly have proved fatal. It has proved to be a boon ajid a blessing to the Indians and others of this district to have such a skilled, courte- ous and obliging physician stationed here. A great improvement is noticeable, both in their houses and persons. They seem to vie with each other as to who shall be the tidiest and cleanest. Resources and Occupations. — The only resources here are hunting and fishing. It is to be regretted that during the entire summer months there is but little employ- ment to be found for these Indians. Many of them would be only too glad to earn some money, but the work is limited to the few that are required for a short season on the Hudson's Bay Company's 'boats. During the winter months all those that are able to leave the reserve can realize a fair amount by hunting and trapping. Buildings. — The dwelling-houses that are now under construction are a great im- provement on the old ones. Stock. — For the last three years it has been very discouraging for stock-raising here, all the hay-land within reasonable distance has been under water, and even the pasture isi now limited to a few acres, consequently we have had to reduce the number of head in proportion to the extent of feeding-ground. Education. — There are two schoolsi on this reserve and both are at present sup- ))lied with good teachers, which has proved to be a great inducement to the parents to send their children regularly to school and become more interested in their education. Religion. — Nearly all of this band belong to the Church of England. They have a fine, commodious and well equipped building to worship in. They are much devoted to their religion and attend the services regularly. Characteristics and Progress. — The life of a hunteii and trapper is more or less conducive to indolence, and these Indians are not proof against the tendency to that i PAS AGENCY, MANITOBA SUPERINTENDENCY 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 failing. No doubt if they were situated in a place where they could get work and earn money, many of them would take advantage of it and give up their careless, indolent ways. Under the present circumstance^ their progress can only be very limited. Temperance and Morality. — There is no trouble in any way about intemperance here. They are, generally speaking, most obedient and law-abiding, and their general behaviour is fairly good. SHOAL LAKE BAND. Reserve. — The Shoal Lake reserve lies between the Carrot river and the Pas mountain, about eighty miles southwest of the Pas. It contains two thousand two hundred and forty acres, a large portion of which is covered with timber. The re- mainder consists of swamp and hay land. Tribe. — This band belongs to the Swampy Crees. Vital Statistics. — Fourteen men, fourteen women, twenty boys and fifteen girls formed the population on this reserve last August. During the year there were three births and no deaths. Health and Sanitation. — Last year an epidemic of small-pox broke out amongst this band. They were promptly quarantined and strictly looked after while domiciled in tents away from the reserve, thereby preventing the disease from spreading to other bands. No deaths occurred, and since they were released from quarantine on August 23 their general health has been exceptionally good. Befdre returning to their houses, every thing offensive or likely to carry contagion was burned, and the rest of their belongings thoroughly disinfected. The few that escaped the disease were vaccinated this spring. Resources and Occupations. — This little band is now taking quite an interest in stock-raising. They grow large crops of potatoes, make canoes, fish and hunt. Buildings. — The houses here are well built, and kept neat and clean. Stock. — Raising and attending to cattle was a new employment for these Indians, and it took quite a while to get them to take any interest in that kind of work ; but it is satisfactory to know that the effort has at last succeeded and that the herd is now rapidly increasing. They have also a few brood mares, and raise some fine ponies. Education. — The school here is held in the Church Missionary Society's building. There is a suitable teacher and a regular attendance, but, as the children never hear a word of Englislj spoken outside of the school, they do not seem to derive much benefit from the teaching. Religion. — ^AU the members of this band belong to the English Church and are very attentive to their religious duties. Characteristics and Progress. — There is an inclination to be industrious here as far as their surroundings permit. They are quite comfortable and much better off than they were some years ago. Temperance and Morality. — The drinking habit is unknown at Shoal lake, and I have never known of a case of immorality. RED EARTH BAND. Reserve. — About ten miles west of Shoal lake as the crow flies (but twice that dist- ance by water, which is the only way to get there) is the Red Earth reserve, situated ,>n the Carrot river, at the foot of the Pas mountain. It contains four thousand seven hundred and sixty-nine acres, some of which would make good farming land if cleared of brush and timber. Tribe. — This band is a mixture of the Plain and Swampy Crees. Vital Statistics. — Last August there were twenty-nine men, twenty-nine women, thirty boys and thirty-one girls, making a population of one hundred and nineteen altogether. There were six births and six deaths during the year. 92 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Health and Sanitation. — Early this spring the whooping-cough broke out on this reserve and the majority of the children were affected. Previously this disease has been very disastrous amongst the children of this agency, but in this ease it passed off comparatively easily, only a few fatal cases occurring. Thexe has also been a good deal of other sickness here during the year, principally throat and lung diseases. These Indians were all vaccinated last spring and a general cleaning up enforced. , Eesources and Occupations. — There is no opportunity for this band to get any out- side work, being so far out of the way. They raise large crops of potatoes, and with the aid of the gun and trap they can make a good living if so inclined. Buildings. — There are a few comfortable dwelling-houses here, but the tent is in use the greater part of the year, and, therefore, the houses are not much attended to. Stock. — A few individuals have cattle and horses of their own. but they are not enough interested to allow them to increase. Education. — Although the school on this reserve is kept supplied with a teachei and all other requirements necessary, there does not seem to be any good results. The principal inducement for the pupils' attendance is the two biscuits which each reeeive!5 daily. Religion. — Foi; the first time in the history of this band the majority are Christ- ians. There are now sixty-eight members of the English Church and only forty-two pagans. Last year there were forty-nine Christians and seventy pagans. The practices of the medicine-man hav% been abandoned, and demon -worship has about disappeared. A few more years and paganism at Red Earth will be a thing of the past. Characteristics and Progress. — Indolent habits are prevalent amongst the older people, but the young men are clever and active when called on to do anything. They are peaceably inclined, and seem to be contented, getting neither richer nor poorer. Temperance and Morality. — Intemperance and immorality are unknown amongst this band, CUMBERL.\XD BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the shores of Pine Island lake, adjoining the far-famed Hudson's Bay Company's post known as Cumberland House. It contains four thousand and twenty-five acres, composed of rock, swamp, brush and timber lands. Tribe. — All the members of this band are Swampy Crees. Vital Statistics, — The population at last treaty payments was one hmidred and fifty-two, made up of twenty-nine men, forty-seven women, forty-two boys and thirty- four girls. During the year there were seven births and twelve deaths. Health and Sanitation. — There has been a complication of ailmenls amongst the children and young people of this band during the past year, principally throat and skin diseases. Very few families live on the reserve for any length of time. Thej' are always on the move and no proper treatment or attention can be given to them. I'hey have all been vaccinated and attended to as well as circumstances would permit. Resources and Occupations. — The principal means of making a living here is by hunting and fishing. The Hudson's Bay Company gives employment to a few who are willing to work. Education. — Up to the present time the money spent on keeping up the school here has been wasted. Religion. — Nearly all these Indians belong to the Church of England. They have a handsome little church, which is well attended when the members are within reach. Characteristics and Progress. — Those of the band that are employed are indust- rious and trustworthy, and some of them are in comparatively good circumstances and are improving, but the majority are at a stand-still. Temperance and Morality. — Considering the temptations and surroundings, these Indians are no worse than anv other community would be. i PAS AGENCY, MANITOBA SC PERINTKNDENCY 93 i SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 MOOSE LAKE BAND. Reserve. — The main portion of this reserve is situated on the west shore of Moose hike ; five miles out in the lake is Big island, which makes up the balance of six thou- sand three hundred and forty-two acres. In years of low water thei\> is a large extent of hay-land h;'re ; tlic other portion is covered with brush and timber. Tribe. — The members of this band are descendants of the Swampy Crees. Vital Statistics. — Last August there were thirty men, forty-two women, Iwenty- nine boys and thirty-four girls on this reserve, making a population of one hundred and thirty-five. During the year there wei'e six births and two deaths. Health and Sanitation. — Some years ago this was "the most unhealthy band in the agency and the death-rate was alarmingly high, caused principally by their careless- ness in adopting the sanitary measures inculcated for their benefit. For the last few years there has been a steady improvement in their habits and way of living and they have now the lowest death-rate in the agenc.v. Resources and Occupations. — Hunting, fishing and boating are their only means of support. Buildings. — Tents are more in use here than houses. The greater part of the year they are away from the reserve, and consequently very little time is spent in improving their houses. Stock. — Since the years of high water commenced it has been a hard struggle to keep any cattle alive on this reserve, all the hay-ground being under water. After the water froze up last winter they managed to cut enough hay on top of the ice to keep the best of the cows and one bull alive. Education. — The school is held in the mission building and has been well attended this last year, but the parents taice no interest in the education of their children and their progress is very slow. Religion. — These Indians all belong to the Church of England and of late have taken more interest in religion. Characteristics and Progress. — Taking this band as a whole they are at present in better circumstances than they ever have been. Thej' are not lazy when there is anything for them to do. Temperance and Morality. — The drinking habit is lanknown here, but their morals cannot be classed as exemplary. CHEMAWAWIN BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated at the mouth of the Great Saskatchewan river where it enters Cedar lake. It has an area of three thousand and forty acres, made up of rock, swamp, brush and timber lands. Tribe. — These Indians are all Swampy Crees. Vital- Statistics. — The population last August was one hundred and sixty-two, made up of thirty-seven men, forty-eight women, forty-four boys and ihirty-tln-ee girls. Five births and two deaths occurred during the year. Health and Sanitation. — Although there has been no epidemic of any kind amongst this band, there have been a great many deaths during the year. Scrofuln seems to be :he great evil amongst them, very few families being clear of it. Their houses on the reserve are kept clean, but they spend so much of their time away from the reserve, crowded in tents or miserable shanties, that it is impossible to adopt any course of treatment that would be of any permanent benefit. Resources and Occupations. — Sturgeon-fishing in summer jiiul hunting and trap- ping in winter form their main employment. A few get work for a short season on the Hudson's Bay Company's boats plying between Grand Rapids and the Demi Charge, 94 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS , i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Education. — There is a commodious and comfortable school-house here, which used to be well attended, and the pupils made good progress, but, unfortunately, this last year there has been a falling off and no progress has been made. Eeligion. — The members of this band all belong to the Church of England, and attend the services regularly when within reach of the reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are good and willing workers when they get a job that suits them. At present they are well provided for and better off than formerly. Temperance and Morality. — No drinking or immorality has been reported during the year. GRAND RAPIDS BAND. Reserve. — The eastern terminus of this agency is at Grand Rapids, at the mouth of the Great Saskatchewan river where the reserve is situated. It covers an area of four thousand six hundred and forty-six acres, a large portion of which is good hay- land. Some small patches are fit for cultivation and the rest is brush and timber land. Tribe. — All the Indians here are Swampy Crees. Vital Statistics. — Last September there were twenty-two men, twenty-five women, thirty-six boys and twenty-five girls belonging to this band, making a population of one hundred and eight. During the year there were five births and five deaths. Health and Sanitation. — There has been very little disease amongst Ihese Indian? this last year. They are a comparatively healthy lot. Their houses are kept clean and neat. Resources and Occupations. — Many of them have gardens here, in which they raise potatoes and vegetables, but their principal means of making a living is fishing for whitefish and sturgeon. Buildings. — The houses on this reserve are fairly good and still improving. Education. — There is a good school-house here, well equipped, but there are so many changes of teachers that the pupils do not advance as well as they otherwise might do. Religion. — This is an old established mission of the Church of England. A fine new church was completed last year. The Sunday services are well and regularly attended. Characteristics and Progress. — Many of the Grand Rapids Indians are progressive and take a pride in following the white man's ways. They all understand the English language and the majority of them speak it fluently. Temperance and Morality. — There have been no bad reports from this baud during the past year. PELICAN NARROWS BAND. As Pelican Narrows is more accessible from the Pas agency, the department has decided that the supervision of this band should be transferred from the Carlton to the Pas agency. Not having had any previous knowledge concerning the affairs of this band, and not having been able to make a visit since the transfer took place, I am unable to give any report for the past year. I have, &c., JOSEPH COURTNEY, Indian Agent. i PORTAGE LA PliAIBIE AND MANITOWAPAH AGENCIES 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Province of Manitoba, Portage la Prairie and Manitowapah Agencies, September 2, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the follovping annual report of my agencies for tlie year ended June 30, 1903. portage la prairie agency. Treaty No. 1. Reserves. — There are five reserves in this agency. Roseau river reserve, situated at the confluence of the Red and Roseau rivers, has an area of about five thousand six hundred and seventy acres. It is well adapted for grain and stock-raising, as the soil is rich and there is plenty of hay. Along the streams there is enough wood for fuel, and timber for small buildings. Last spring the band surrendered to the government twelve sections of this reserve, and it was sold at public aucton for the benefit of the band. Roseau River Rapids reserve, situated on the Roseau river, about eighteen miles from the mouth, has an area of eight hundred acres, and is well adapted for grain- growing. It is in the Green Ridge settlement, and, as a good class of farmers own the adjoining farms, the Indians get the best kind of instruction in the example shown. Long Plain reserve is situated about fifteen miles southwest of Portage la Prairie, on the north side of the Assiniboine river, in township 10, range 8, west of the 1st meridian. It has an area of ten thousand eight hundred and sixteen acres, is well wooded, and there is some good farming land, but, taken generally, it is too sandy for farming. Swan Lake reserve is situated on the north side of Swan lake, in township 5, range 1], west of the 1st meridian, and contains nine thousand six hundred and thirty-four acres. It is well adapted for grain and stock-raising, as there is plenty of hay and water, and it is in a good wheat-producing district, although up to dat« it has been troubled with summer frosts. Indian Gardens reserve is situated near the south bank of the Assiniboine river. It comprises section 11, in township 9, range 9, west of the 1st meridian, and contains six hundred and forty acres. It is all first-quality arable land without any wood, and very little hay. Tribe. — The Indians in this agency are all of the Ojibbewa tribe, with more or less strain of white man's blood. Vital Statistics. — The population of the different bands is as follows : — Roseau, including the Rapids, two hundred and seventeen ; Swan Lake, including Indian Gardens, one hundred and twelve ; Long Plain, one hundred and tnirteen ; inaking a grand total of four hundred and forty-two. At Roseau River and Rapids there were twelve births and twelve deaths ; at Swan Lake and Indian Gardens three births and nine deaths, and at Long Plain, five births and three deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians this year has been better than usual ; the only epidemic was an attack of measles at Swan Lake reserve ; but happily this passed without any fatal results, and this spring the Indians seem to be in better health than I have ever seen them before. The usual sanitary precautions have been taken on all the reserves, such as clean- ing up and burning refuse. But nearly all the Indians move into tents in the spring. 96 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 which, in mj' estimation, is the surft^t sanitary precaution tliey can take against any accumulation of dirt or filth, as continuallj^ moving their tents short distances en- sures clean and healthy surroundings and plentj^ of good sunlight, which is absolutely necessary for their constitutions. Eesources and Occupations, — On the Roseau River reserve grain-farming and stock-raising are both carried on to some extent, but the hard, steady work necessary for successful farming, which is contrary to the Indian nature, and the ready demand for intermittent labour for cash wages, amongst the settlers, just suits the Indian ; consequently the farming operations do not reflect credit, considering the length of lime the Indians have received assistance and instruction. On the Roseau Rapids reserve grain-farming is followed principally, but the attraction of cash wages offered by, the surrounding settlers induces the Indians to put in their crop in a hurried, slovenly manner that is not conducive to successful farming. They also have a small herd of cattle and cannot increase it very much on account of shortage of hay-lands. Tiiese Indians are good hunters and make a good living in the winter. On the Indian Gardens reserve grain-farming, only, is carried, on, as there is only - sufficient hay to support their ponies. At Swan Lake reserve, both grain-farming and stock-raising are followed successfully, and, if the Indians would only stay at home and stick to it, I have reason to believe they would soon be independent. But farm labour being scarce, the settlers hold out such inducements to the Indians that they cannot withstand the temptation, and their farms suifer in consequence. On the Long Plain reserve grain-farming is carried on, but only on a small scale, as it is impossible to keep these Indians on their reserve long enough to look after the crops properly. The steady demand for farm labour at good wages makes these Indians perfectly in- dependent during the summer season ; consequently they take but little interest in putting in their own crop, with the possible chance always of not getting any return. Taking into consideration their disposition towards each other, I feel certain that ibe present generation will do better, and be more contented, working for white set- tlers, than they will working, or waiting for each other to work, on the reserves. Of course the youii^er generation growing up will be of a different caliber altogether, but whether better or worse, time alone will prove. Buildings, Stock, and Farm Implements. — The walls of all houses and stables are cf logs. The old pole and mud roof still predominates, with a lumber floor, but the shingle roofs are increasing very fast, particularly on the Swan Lake reserve. The log house with lumber roof and floor is all that can be desired for the Indian. It has to be replastered or mudded every fall to some extent, and it nearly always gets a coat of whitewash on top of this, which is the most sanitary cleansing it could get. On the other hand, if they were frame and lumber walls, they would be left untouched until the animal nature inclosed would nearly carry them away. Nearly all the Indians live in tents in the summer, and after living amongst them^for a few years, it is quite iipparent that it is greatly to their benefit. They take fairly good care of Iheir cattle, which are increasing slowly, but the adults do not take naturally to stock-raising, and it is to the younger generation that we must look for any great success that may be achieved in this line. They are well supplied with implements and tools to cari-y on their work, and year by year show a growing disposition to buy these articles for themselves. Education. — There is only one day school open in the agency ; it is at Swan Lake reserve. The teacher, Mr. Kemper Garrioch, is a native of the country, speaks the language of the Indians, and has their confidence, yet he finds it most difficult to get the pupils to attend regularly. Another day school has been built at Roseau Rapids reserve, and I expect it will be opened shortly. Religion. — At Swan Lake reserve the teacher has sui>ervision of the general spir- itual w^elfare of the Indians, under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church, and, al- t-hough it is a very slow process at best, he is making an impression. A priest of the Roman Catholic Church visits periodically, and atteiid< to the spiritual wants of the Indians at Roseau River reserve. But at Roseau Rapids, PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE AND MAyiTOWAPAII AGENCIES 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Indian Gardens, and Long Plain resei'ves, the old forms of pagan worship still flourish, waiting for a missionary with sufficient zeal to expend his efforts on virgin soil. Characteristics and Progress. — They are certainly making progress although very slowly, and to those who are not familiar with them it is in many cases invisible, but to us it is quite apparent. Much progress can be made in this generation with but little to show for it to the casual onlooker. To uplift the Indian, his Avhole character has to be reformed, and how this is going to be accomplished on an Indian reserve with its usual surroundings, I fail to see. But if an Indian with his family goes off the reserve to work for a good class of farmer for a year or two, his development in char- acter is quite apparent to any one ; and if this is carried on, it will in time produce the ' survival of the fittest ' and the next generation will develop on the character of their parents. Temperance and Morality. — There is considerable intemperance and consequently immorality. Pines and punishment of the Indians seem to have no effect, and there are always low charactei's around them who are only too Avilling and anxious to obtain liquor for them, and it is next to impossible to persuade the Indian to tell where he got it, regardless of what punishment he may avoid by doing so. If they were allowed to purchase liquor under the law, I doubt whether, after six months, they would drink as much liquor or squander as much money over it as they do now. General Remarks. — Last winter at Long Plain the Indians lived in plenty, as there was a great demand for dry wood right at their doors ; on the other reserves they lived better than usual and in the spring they all did well. The improve- ment in their health and surroundings over ordinary springs was quite noticeable, and I never saw them look so thriving as at the annuity payments this year. PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE SIOUX. These Indians own and live on a tract of land, about twenty-six acres, purchased by themselves within the town limits. They also have lot No. 14 of the parish of Port- age la Prairie, given to them by the Dominion government. They are, physically, big, strong, healthy Indians, i.e. the adults ; many of the children show more or less signs of scrofula, which will in time develop, the same as in other bands. They have good houses and gardens^ and, as they have nothing to look for from the government, they simply go out to work for the farmers and earn a good living. They get liquor occas- ionally and proceed in their own way to settle family difficulties, which usually causes some trouble. But they are a better class of Indians all round than the others in the agency, and, were it not for the visiting Indians and loafers at their village, we should have little trouble with them. The Presbyterian Church attends to their spirittial welfare and a weekly service is held in their village church. There is a Sioux boarding school in the town, with accommodation for forty pupils, that receives a per capita grant from the government for twenty pupils. The principal, Mr. W. A. Plendry, and his sister, as teacher, are much interested in the institution and are unsparing in their efforts to carry on a very successful work. MANITOWAPAH AGEXCY. There are ten reserves in this agency, of which Sandy Bay is in Treaty Xo. 1, and Shoal River in Xo. 4 ; the rest are in Xo. 2. Reserves. — Sandy Bay reserve is situated on the southwest shore of Lake Mani- toba, in township 18, range 9, west of the 1st meridian. ■ It has an area of twelve thou- sand one hundred and sixty acres, the greater part of which is covered with ^icrub and 27— i— Y • 98 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 bush. It is not suitable for grain-farming, although there is sufficient good land for gardens and a good supply of hay. Lake Manitoba reserve is situated on the northeast shore of Lake Manitoba, in township 22, ranges 8 and 9, west of the 1st meridian. It has an arjea of nine thousand four hundred and seventy-two acres. It is much broken by arms of the lake, is cov- ered by a heavj' growth of brush and timber, and quite unsuited for farming. There is enough good land for gardens and a good supply of hay. Ebb and Flow Lake i-esei-ve is situated on the west shore of Ebb and Flow lake, in townships 23 and 24, ranges 11 and 12, west of the 1st meridian. It has an area of ten thousand eight hundred and sixteen acres. It is unsuitable for fanning, but has a good supply of hay and plenty of timber. Fairford reserve is situated on the Fairford river, in townships 30 and 31, range 9, west of the 1st meridian. It has an area of eleven thousand seven hundred and twelve acres. It is well. supplied with good timber and hay, and has plenty of good land for gardens ; but up to the present time grain has not been grown with any de- gree of success. Little Saskatchewan reserve is situated on the west shore of Lake St. Martin, in township 31, range 8, west of the 1st meridian, and has an area of three thousand two hundred acres. It is well supplied with wood and hay, but is not adapted for farming. Lake St. Martin resei-ve is situated on the north end of Lake St. Martin, in town- ship 32, ranges 7 and 8, west of the 1st meridian, and has an area of four thousand and thirty-two acres ; is well wooded and has a fair supply of hay, bvit is not adapted for farming. Crane Eiver reserve is situated on the east side of Crane river, in township 29. range 13, west of the 1st meridian. It contains seven thousand nine hundred and thirty-six acres. There is a quantity of good spruce timber and sufficient good land for gardens. Being a little short of hay-land, a piece of land across the river, with good haj^ meadows, has been reserved for the use of the band. Waterhen River reserve is situated on the south end of Waterhen lake, in township 34, range 13, west of the 1st meridian. It has an area of four thousand six hundred and eight acres. It has a good supply of timber and hay, but is unsuited for fann- ing. Pine Creek reserve is situated on the west shore of Lake Winnipegosis, in towai- thip 3.5, ranges 19 and 20, west of the 1st meridian. It is well supplied with hay and timber, but is not adapted for farming. Shoal River reserve is composed of one small resei-ve on Swan lake, and four small reserves near the mouth of Shoal river, which is situated at the south end of Dawson bay on Lake Winnipegosis. They have an area altogether of about five thousand five hundred acres. They are all well wooded with poplar and some spruce inter- mixed ; they have sufficient hay-land, but are not adapted for farming. Tribe. — Nearly all the Indians in this agency are Saulteaux, but the members of the Shoal River band are principally Cree^*. There are a number of French, English. and Scotch half-breeds ; in fact there are veiy few pure-blooded Indians in the agency. Vital Statistics. — The population of the whole agencj- is thirteen hundred and fifty-seven ; during the year there were fifty-one births and forty-one deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians generally has been better than usual. On three of the reserves there was a slight epidemic of eczema or itch, but with treatment it all disappeared There were a few cases of measles that passed Glf without any fatal results, and over and above that there was nothing but coughs, colds, scrofula and consumption, which are to be found on all reserves every winter. T attribute the better health of the Indians to the supply of work there was to be had outside the reserves last winter, at the gypsum mines, lumber camps, saw-mills, and cord-wood camps. Then they had their winter fishing to attend to, and a good i PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE AXD MANITOWAPAH AGEXCIES 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 spring hunt brought them through the winter in good health, well clothed, and in better condition generally than I have seen them before. The usual sanitary precautions have been carried out, such as cleaning up and burning rubbish, but nearly all the Indians move into tents at the first sight of bare ground in the spring, and this I think is the best sanitation possible. Resources and Occupations. — As grain-farming with anydegree of success is out of the question on these reserves, stock-raising is about the only other civilized in- dustry that the Indians can be induced to take any interest in, and at this they are (ioing fairly well, and would do better were it not for the advice of ' sharks ' visiting the reserve, to kill or dispose of some of their live stock on the sly. However, their stock is increasing, as is also their interest in it, and it is only a matter of time before they will look upon their herd of cattle as their protection against hard times. There are plenty of fish in the lake, and considerable game in the bush yet, so there is no actual need for the Indians to suffer for want of food in the winter-time, if they are not too lazy to hunt or fish. Last spring they made a good deal of money digging £enega-root, and in the summer-time they do veiy well, picking berries, fishing, •freighting with sail-boats, or working on the lake steamers ; and as soon as harvest is ready, there is plenty of work at good wages for all of them until winter sets in. Buildings and Stock. — All buildings are of log ; some of the houses have shingle I'oofs, and nearly all have lumber floors. The stables simply have log walls with poles and hay on the roof, and when they !;re re-mudded or plastered in the fall, they fulfil their requirements exactly for the winter. I think the log building suits the Indian best, as it is easier to renew and also to repair than a frame. And they will abandon their houses for very trivial reasons, such as sickness, trouble, or a death in the family — I know of a case where an Indian burned his house down because he had quarrelled with his wife in it, under the impres- sion that there was a spirit in the house that instigated the apparent cause of tlie quarrel. In overhauling their houses in the fall, the mudding or plastering they give them, And the whitewash afterwards, are sudden death to the vermin, and the best sanitary cleansing the Indians are capable of. Xow, if they had'frame houses, the walls would get so full of vermin in a few years that they could not live in them. The cattle did not come through the winter in as good condition as usual, and on some of the reserves there were several deaths, not from want of hay, altogether, hut from the quality. The water being high in the lake, their usual hay meadows were flooded, and they had to go further back and cut meadows with a great deal of dead grass bottom. With that kind of feed, it takes the very best of care to bring live stock through the winter, in fact much better care than the Indians yet know hew to give. This summer the water in the lake has gone down and there is every indication of a plentiful supply of hay. The Indians that take an interest in their cattle are making a success of them, and those who do not take an interest in their stock and are only keeping a few head of cattle just to oblige the government and give them an excuse to ask the agent for assistance, will gradually lose the few head they have and retire from the business. Education. — There is a day school on each of the reserves, and two at Fairford, tiiat have been kept open and taught regularly, with the exception of Waterhen, which was re-opened on April 1. The attendance at the day schools is very irregular, and it cannot be otherwise as long as the parents have to go from place to place get- ting work or hunting ; consequently the children do not show a very advanced stage of education. There is a large stone boarding school adjoining the Pine Creek re- serve, owned and conducted by the Roman Catholic Church, with a staff of professional ti-achers from the order of the Rev. Franciscan Sisters. The department allows this 5chool a per capita grant for fifty-five boarding pupils and fifteen day scholars 27— i— Yi 100 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 This school always has the full number of the grant and many extra boarding pupils supported by the institution. There is also a saw-mill and planer, and a black- smith shop in connection with the school. First-class work is being done here in all branches, and the institution is worthy of all the support it gets, and more. Eeligion. — The Church of England has churches at Upi>er Fairford, Little Sas- katchewan and Shoal River, and also catechists at St. Martins and Crane River ; the Baptists have churches at Lower Fairford and St. Martins ; and the Roman Catholics at Sandy Bay, Lake Manitoba, Waterhen River, and Pine Creek ; and a catechist at Ebb and Flow. It is most difficult to express any opinion regarding the results of the missionary's efforts. To an outsider it seems to be that the missionary who can pro- duce the greatest ocular demonstration in support of his doctrine, gets the most adherents, at least for the time being. But far be it from me to make light of the missionary's efforts ; there is a result that has an influence upon the whole character of the Indian, but it is beyond my efforts to explain what it is. Progress. — As long as the Indians can make a fair living by hunting, trapping, and fishing, there are many that will follow such a life in preference to any other kind ; consequently in this agency progress is bound to be slow, i.e., in civilized farming pursuits, because there is good fishing and fair hunting around all the re- serves. But, as the hunting gradually fails, the Indian will by degrees take up his share of the white man's burden if he is not pampered, fed, and clothed too much. But as long as he is given assistance by the government, and there is a ration-house ill sight, too much must not be expected of him. Temperance and Morality. — I am glad to say that I have not heard of any liquor being on the reserves, with the exception of Waterhen River, where a trader and his two sons were arrested for selling liquor to Indians and were fined $150. Unfor- tunately we had not a teacher on that reserve, and it gave these low characters a f-hance to operate. If it were not for the teachers on the reserves, there is little doubt that liquor traders would often find their way there and cause drunken sprees and consequent immorality, but I hear very little in the way of immorality amongst them, and not 'a single case of prostitution. General Remarks. — When visiting each reserve this year to make the annuity payments, I examined all the houses, stables, gardens, and all the live stock that could be gathered together at the time, and found everything in a prosperous con- dition. The Indians themselves were in better health, and better clothed than usual, nnd I consider them to be progressing satisfactorily. The teachers on all the reserves have rendered me all assistance in their power. I have, &c., S. SWINFORD, Indian Agent. Manitoba Superintexdency, Rat Portage Agency, Rat Portage, Ont., September 9, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the Rat Portage and Sav- anne agencies for the year ended June 30, 1903. The headquarters of these agencies is situated in the post office building, in the town of Rat Portage, Ontario. i RAT PORTAGE AGENCY, MANITOBA &UPERiy TENDENCY 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 RAT PORTAGE AGENCY. This agency comprises eleven bands, designated as follows : — Rat Portage, Shoal " Lake No. 39, Shoal Lake No. 40, Northwest Angle No. 33, Northwest Angle No. 34, Northwest Angle No. 37, Buffalo Bay, Big Island, Assabaska, Whitefish Bay and Isling- ton. RAT PORTAGE BAND. Reserves. — This band has three reserves, which are designated as No. 38, A, B and C. The first named is situated on Clearwater bay. Lake of the Woods — area, eight thousand acres ; 38 B is situated on Matheson's bay, near the town of Rat Portage — area, five thousand two hundred and eighty t^cres, and 38 C at the Dalles, on the Winni- peg river, a distance of about ten miles north of the town of Rat Portage. These re- serves are heavily timbered with poplar, spruce, jack-pine and a small quantity of Norway pine. On reserves A and B, there are several veins of rich gold-bearing quartz ; amongst them, the Sultana and the Ophir ; the remainder consisting of bottom-lauds producing hay. Tribe. — These Indians are of the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band was, at payment in 1902, one hun- dred and twenty-nine, as follows : thirty-three men, forty women, thirty-three boys nnd twenty-three girds. There was one birth, and five deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been fairly good. There are a few cases of consumption, sore eyes and scrofula in this band, which is regularly at- tended to by Dr. Hanson. Sanitai-y measures are fairly well observed. Resources. — Hunting, fishing and berry-picking are their main resources. Buildings.— Such of their buildings as I have seen are built of logs. They are small and not very comfortable. Education. — The day school on reserve No. 38 C remains closed for want of pupils. Religion. — Thirty of these Indians are members of the Church of England ; thirty- four are Roman Catholics, and sixty-five are pagans. Temperance and Morality. — The Indians of this band are addicted to the use of liquor ; but, as a close watch is constantly kept on them, they find little chance to get any. • SHOAL LAKE BANDS, NOS. 39 AND 40. Reseiwes. — The reserves allotted to these two bands are on the west shore and northwest of Shoal Lake and partly in the province of Manitoba. The area of these is sixteen thousand and five acres, which is timbered with cedar, spruce and poplar. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of these two bands at payments of 1902, was one .Vnnidred and forty-five persons, as follows : thirty men, thirty-nine women, forty-two boys and thirty-four girls. There were nine births and seven deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians, on the whole, has been good. Sanitary precautions have been fairly well carried out. All the Indians have been vaccinated. Resources and Occupations. — Fishing, hunting and berry-picking are the princi- pal resources by which they make a living. A few of them find work in the lumber camps and with the mining companies. Education. — There is no day school on these reseWes, but there is a boarding school under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church, which is doing good work, and which many of the children attend. 102 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Temperauce and Morality. — On the whole, these bands are fairly temperate. There are a few of them who will make use of liquor whenever they can get it. Otherwise they are fairly moral. XORTHWEST AXGLE BAND NO. 33. Resei-ves. — This band has two i-eserves, Xos. 33 A, on Whitelish bay, and 33 B, at Northwest Angle. The combined area is six thousand three hundred and ninety acres. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of these bands at the last payment was fiftj'-four, a? follows : twelve men, sixteen women, thirteen boj's and thirteen girls. There were four births and three deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the band has been good. Sanitary precautions have been fairly well observed. All the Indians requiring vaccination have been attended to by Dr. Hanson. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians make a living by hunting, fishing and tvorking in the lumber camps, and a few of them have small gardens. Education. — There is no school on the reserve, the Indians being opposed to anj^ form of education. Religion. — All the members of this band are pagans. Temperance and Morality. — This band may be considered both temperate and moral, with the exception of two families, who are addicted to the use of intoxicants whenever they can in any way procure them. XORTHWEST ANGLE BAND NO. 34. Reserves. — The reserves attached to this band are the following : 34, Lake of the Woods ; 34 A, Whitefish bay ; 34 B, first and second parts on Shoal lake, and 34 C, Xorthwest Angle in Manitoba ; also, 34 C, Lake of the Woods. The total area is five thousand two hundred and forty-eight acres. On all these reserves, there is a quantity of timber, namely, poplar, spruce and tamarack. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at payment of 1902, was eighteen, as follow^s : five men, nine women, one boy and three girls. There was one death and no births. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band has been good. All the Indians have been vaccinated. Resources and Occupations. — Berry-picking, fishing, hunting and looking after their gardens are the occupations of these Indians. Stock. — Their stock is in good order and appears to be well taken care of. Education. — There is no day school on this resei-ve. Religion. — All members of the band are pagans. Temperance and Morality. — This band may be considered both temperate and moral. NORTHWEST ANGLE BAND NO. 37. Reserves. — This band has the following reserves : Xo. 37 on Big island, Xo. 37 on Rainy river ; 37 A, on Shoal lake ; 37 B, at Xorthwest Angle of the Lake of the Woods ; 37 C, at Xorthwest Angle river in Manitoba. The area of these reserves, is nine thousand three hundred and forty-five acres. Tribe. — The Indians of this band belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at last payment, 1902, was ninety- five persons, as follows : twenty-one men, twenty-eight women, twenty-one boy^s and twenty-five girls. There were five births and nine deaths. i EAT PORTAGE AGENCY, MANITOBA- SUPERINTENDENCY 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Health, and Sanitation. — The health of the band has been satisfactory. All the Indians have been vaccinated, and sanitary measures have been 1 airly well observed. Eesources and Occupations. — Their main resources are fishing, hunting and berry- picking ; and a few of them do a little gardening, principally on Xo. 37 Rainy River. Stock. — Their cattle are in good order, and more attention has been paid to them than formerly. Education. — There is no school on the reserve. The Indians are strongly opposed to education. Religion. — There are ninety-one pagans, three Anglicans, and one Roman Catho- lic in the band. Temperance and Morality. — This band is fairly temperate and moral. Com- plaints are seldom heard as to their conduct on or ofi" the reserve. BUFFALO BAY BAXD. Reserve. — This reserve is located on Buffalo bay, Lake of the Woods, in the pro- vince of Manitoba. Its area is five thousand seven hundred and ?ixty-three acres. This reserve is well timbered with different kinds of wood. There are also extensive hay-lands. Tribe.— These Indians belong to the Ojibbewa. tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of the band, at last payment, 1902, was thirty- five, as follows : nine men, eleven women, nine boys and six girls. There were two births and no deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been fair. They keep their houses fairly clean and tidy. All the Indians have been Taccinated. Resources and Occupations. — Hunting, berry -picking and fishing are their occu- pations ; and a few of them do a little gardening. Education. — There is no school on the reserye. Religion. — All these Indians are pagans. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are both temperate and moral. BIG ISLAND BAXD. Reserves. — This band has the following reserves allotted to it : 31 A, on Xan- gashing bay ; 31 B and 31 C, Lake of the Woods ; 31 D, E, F, on Big island ; 31 G, Lake of the Woods ; 31 H, and part of 31 G, Big island, on Lake of the Woods. The combined area is eight thousand seven hundred and thirty-seven acres. These reserves are timbered with merchantable timber, and a large quantity of mixed wood. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. • Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at last payments, was one hun- ersons, as follows : thirty-six men, forty-four women, thirtj'-one boys and forty-three girls. There were six births and five deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band has been fair. There was quite a number of cases of measles on the reserve during the winter, but, with the warm weather, that disease disappeared. Sanitary measures have been fairly well carried out in -ome cases, but in others it has been very improperly done. All the Indians requiring vaccination have been operated on by the doctor. Eesources and Occupations. — Hunting, fishing, working in the lumber camps and with mining companies, are the principal resources of this band. Stock. — Their stock is in good condition and well taken care of. Education. — There is a day school on reserve 35 H, with a good attendance. Eeligion. — One hundred and fifty of these Indians are pagans, and four are Christians. Temperance and Morality. — Many of these Indians are addicted to the use of in- toxicants, but, owing to the distance they have to go to get liquor, and a few of the offenders having been punished, there is an improvement in respect to temperance and morality. ISLINGTON BAND. Reserves. — This band has the following reserves allotted to it, namely, Islington, on the Winnipeg river ; Swan Lake reserve, on Swan lake ; One Man Lake reserve, on One Man lake. The combined area is twenty-four thousand eight hundred and i RAT PORTAGE AC EXCY, MANITOBA SUPERINTEXDENCY 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ninety-nine acres. These reserves are well timbered with spruce, poplar, jack-pine and other wood. The ground is rough and stony. The soil, however, is good. Grain and vegetables can be successfully grown, if properly cultivated. There is a large quantity of hay on these reserves. Tribe. — This band belongs to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of the band at the last payments in 1902, was one hundred and sixty-six persons, as follows : forty-five men, forty-five women, forty- five boys and thirty-one girls. There were six births and six deaths. Health and Sanitation.- — There have been several bad cases of scrofvila in this band which required medical treatment on several occasions. Otherwise, the health of the Indians was fair. Their houses are neat and clean. Sanitary measures have been fully complied with. All the Indians have been vaccinated, and all precautions against disease taken. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians earn considerable money in picking berries, fishing, hunting and freighting for the Hudson's Bay Company. They have some very fine gardens and potato-fields, which are well cultivated. Buildings. — Their houses are built of logs. They are of good size, well finished, and on approaching the resen^e present a neat and cheerful appearance. The whole reserve at Islington is a credit to the band. Stock. — The cattle are in fine order and evidently have been well taken care of durirg the past winter. Education.— The school on this reserve is, at present, closed owing to the small attendance and lack of interest the Indians take in the education of their children. Religion.— There is a good church on this reserve, built by the Church of England. One hundred and fifty members of this band are Anglicans, one is a Roman Catholic and eleven are pagans. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians give but little trouble as regards in- toxicants. A strict watch is kept on them while they are in Rat Portage. Generally speaking, they are moral and law-abiding. GENERAL REMARKS. I was transferred from the Pelly agency to this agency, and only took charge here on June 10 last. I am, therefore, unable to give an intelligent report on the characteris- tics and progress of the several bands of this agency. SAVAXXE AGENCY. This agency comprises seven bands, as follows : Lac des Mille Lacs band ; Wabi- goon, Lac Seul, Wabuskang, Grassy Narrows and Eagle Lake. LAC DES MILLES LACS BAND. Resei-ves. — The reserves of this band are 29 A 1, on Lac des Mille Lacs, and 22 A 2, on Seine river, with an area of twelve thousand two hundred and twenty-seven ncres. Tribe. — The Indians of this band belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at treaty payments in 1902, was eighty-two, consisting of thirteen men, seventeen women, seventeen boys and thirty- five girls. There were five birthsi and no deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band has been good, and there was no epidemic amongst them. With few exceptions, all have been vaccinated. The sanit- ary regulations of the department have been fairly well carried out in all respects. Resources and Occupations. — Hunting and fishing are their main occupations. They are seldom on the reserve during the winter months. 106 DEPARTME'ST OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Buildings and Stock. — Their cattle are in good condition, and appear to have been properly taken oare of. Their dwellings are of logs, well built, and are neat and clean. Education. — There is no day school on this reserve, at present, the continual roaming about of these Indians being the cause of such a small attendance as not to warrant the opening of the school. Eeligion. — Eighty-one members of this band are pagans, and one is a Roman Catholic. Tempei-ance and Morality. — The morals of the band are fairly good, but many of the Indians will use intoxicants whenever they can in any way procure them. WABIGOOX BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on Little 'W^'abigoon lake. Its area is twelve thous.and eight hundred and seventy-two acres, well timbered with poplar, spruce and tamarack. Tribe. — The Indians of this band belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at the last annuity payment?, wag eighty-eight, consisting of sixteen men, twenty-five women, nineteen boys and twenty- eight girls. There were four births and four deaths. Health and Sanitation. — There have been a few cases of chicken-pox and measles in the band, without any serious result. All the Indians have been vaccinated, and sanitaiy. precautions have been well complied with. Resources and Occupations. — Hunting and fishing are the principal occupations of the band, while they earn considerable money picking berries for the merchants. A few find work in lumber and mining camps, and some have small gardens;. Buildings. — Their houses are built of logs, are of good size, are fairly well furn- ished, are kept clean and comfortable, and would compare very favourably with those of any of the settlers in that district. Education. — There is a day school on this resierve, with a good average attend- ance. Many of the pupils are able to read, write and converse in English. Religion. — Eightj'-three are pagans, and five are Christians. Temperance and Morality. — I regreti to state that the majority of this band are addicted to the use of intoxicants, which they procure when visiting the towns in the vicinity of the reserve. LAC SEUL BAND. Reserves. — The reserve of this band is situated on the southeast shore of Lac Seul or Lonely lake. A fragment of the band, known as ' Frenchman's Head,' is stationed about fifteen miles south. There is, also, another fragment on Sawbill lake, four miles north of Ignace station, on the Canadian Pacific railway. The reserve proper has an area of forty-nine thousand acres. The greater portion is well timbered with birch, poplar, jack-pine and spruce. A portion of the reseiwe is adapted for cultivation, the soil being sandy and clay loam. The remainder is rough and stony, with aome good hay swamps. Tribe. — The Indians of this band belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The combined population of this band at last treaty payment in 1902, was five hundred and eighty- two, consisting of one hundred and thirty-four men, one hundred and twenty-eight women, one hundred and sixtj--nine boys and one hun- dred and fifty-one girls. There were thirty births and eleven deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good, they having sufFered only from minor ailments. There have been a few cases of scrofula and con- sumption. With the exception of a few stragglers, all have been vaccinated. i RAT PORTAGE AGENCY, MANITOBA SUPERINTENDENCY 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Resources and Occupations. — The main occupations of these Indians are fishing for home consumption and trapping and hunting for trade, and some of them are em- ployed by the Hudson's Bay Company as boatmen. Several, also, have small gardens and potato patches. Buildings and Stock. — Their buildings are of logs, covered with birch bark, with the exception of three houses which are shingled. They are all in fairly good condi- tion, and the majority are neat and clean. Their cattle are in good order and properly attended to, and were sheltered during the winter. Education. — There is a day school at Canoe River, but the attendance is so small that I fear it>will have to be closed. Religion. — Four hundred and twenty-three are Anglicans, one hundred and five are Roman Catholics and fifty-four are pagans. Temperance and Morality. — I am pleased to say that there have been no complaints as to intemperance, and no cases have come to my notice, and so far as I am aware, they are moral. AVABUSKANG BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on Wabuskang lake. It contains an area of eight thousand and forty-two acres, heavily timbered with poplar, spruce, jack -pine and other species of wood. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at last treaty payment was sixty- seven, consisting of thirteen men, seventeen women, fourteen boys and twenty-three girls. There were five births and six deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good and they have been exempt from any epidemics. Their houses are kept fairly clean, and some of them are neatly furnished. The usual sanitary measures have been well observed. Resources and Occupations. — A small amount of gardening is done, with good results. This, with fishing and hunting, is their main resource. Owing to their situation, the resources of this band are vei*y limited. Education. — There is a day school on this reserve. The attendance is verj'^ small. Religion.- — There are thirty-one Anglicans, ten Roman Catholics and twenty-six pagans. Temperance and Moralitj\ — A few cases were reported of Indians of this band having been indulging in intoxicants while visiting at Eagle River station. It has been impossible to obtain suflficient evidence to prosecute them, and their morality is doubtful. Otherwise, their conduct is good. GRASSY NARROWS BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on English river, and it has an area of ten thousand two hundred and forty-four acres. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at last treaty payment was one hundred and fourteen, consisting of twenty-seven men, thirty-two women, twenty -nine boys and twenty-six girls. There were five births and two deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been fairly good and they haves been free from any form of epidemic. All the Indians have been vaccinated. Sanitary measures have been properly attended to. Their houses are small, and not any too comfortable, but they are fairly clean. Resources. — Hunting, fishing and berry -picking are their main resources, while some of the Indians have fairly good gardens of potatoes, turnips and other vegetables. Education. — The day school on this reserve has been closed for some years, as the Indians took no interest in education. 108 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Religion. — Of these Indians sixty-six are Roman Catholics, nine are Anglicans and thirty-nine are pagans. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are temperate and moral. EAGLE LAKE BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the east side of Eagle lake, and contains an area of eight thousand eight hundred and eighty-two acres. There is a quantity of good merchantable timber on this reserve, and the soil is good for raising vegetables. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at annuity payment of 1902 was seventy-three, consisting of eighteen men, fifteen women, twenty-three boys and seven- teen girls. There were seven births and two deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of this band has been good. Ther* has been no epidemic amongst them. There are the usual cases of scrofula, sore eyes and consumption. Sanitary precautions are ft^irly well carried out. Their houses are neat and clean and fairly well furnished. Resources and Occupations. — A number of these Indians find employment in thts lumber camps in the vicinity of the resei-ve. This, with hunting, fishing and berry- picking, is their chief employment. They have some very good gardens, also potato and turnip patches. I also noticed some very nice corn. Buildings and Stock. — Their dwellings are of logs, neatly built, and most of them fiave shingled roofs and are kept in good repair and comfortable. Their stock is in good condition, and well provided for, both as to food and shelter. Education. — The day school on this reserve has been going backward, the Indians taking no interest in the education of their children ; consequently the school had to be closed* Religion. — There are six Roman Catholics, four Anglicans and sixty-three pagans in this band. Temperar.ce and Morality. — The members of this band are much addicted to the use of liquor, and I understand there are many temptations put in their way by un- scrupulous white men and half-breeds, both at Eagle River and Vermilion Bay. The morality of these Indians, except a very few, is good. GENERAL REMARKS. Characteristics and Progress. — Only having taken charge of this agency on June 10, 1903, I am unable to speak on this subject, or say what progress has been made during the year. I may, however, say that I find sc»ne of these Indians above the average in intelligence, and they compare favourably with any Indians with whom I liave come in contact. I find them law-abiding, and ready to listen and take good advice, but, unfortunately, they are easily led astray. The most lajuentable thing in this agency is the continual traffic in liquor with the Indians, at the towns and stations on the line of the Canadian Pacific railway. I have, &c., R. S. McKEXZIE, Indian A gene. i LAKE MANITOBA INSPECTORATE 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Manitoba Superintendency, Lake Manitoba Inspectorate, Portage la Prairie, September 15, 1903. The Plonourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I hare the honour to present my sixth annual report upon Indian affairs in this inspectorate, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903, and to the date above mentioned in the present fiscal term. This inspectorate includes four agencies, namely : Portage la Prairie, Manito- wapah, Birtle and the Pas. The first three are in the province of Manitoba, and the last in the district of Saskatchewan, with the exception of one band which takes its annuity at Pelican iSTarrows in the district of Athabaska. This band has no regular reserve, but congregates at Pelican ISTarrows, in unceded territory, once a year to receive its annuities. Birtle agency has been lately added to this inspectorate, and up to this time I have been unable to make an inspection. POKTAGE LA PEAIEIE AGENCY. The reserves of this agency are all conveniently situated to this office, and are frequently visited. The population at the last annuity payments was four hundred and twenty-four. During the last fiscal year there were twenty-three births and twenty-four deaths, as compared with twelve births and twenty-two deaths the previous year. The Indians of this agency are all of the Ojibbewa tribe ; about one-third have a strain of white blood. LONG plain band. Resei*ve. — This reserve is situated on the Assiniboine river, about fifteen mile from this town. About one-third of it is in the valley of the river; here the land is nearly all heavily timbered, and the soil is excellent. On the higher lands the soil is quite sandy, but supports a fine growth of poplar timber. During the past spring a fire ran through a portion of it, doing considerable damage. The Indians of this band have a splendid heritage in their wood if properly handled. A branch of the Canadian Northern I'ail- way is being built adjacent to the reserve, which will give good shipping facilities. Resources and Occupations. — The Indians of this band make a good living from their stand-point, and are quite independent of departmental aid. All they expect is their treaty stipulations. They do a little fanning, but most of their earnings are from labour with the surrounding farmers. In winter they make considerable money from the sale of dry wood. Buildings.— Their dwellings are poor log shacks in winter, and tents in sum- mer. They are well clothed, contented, and happy, but if they continue their present mode of life, they will soon pass away. They are too close to civilization in the shape of bad whisky, and the lowest degradation of the white man. I fear but little can be done for them in their present environment. They live in a fool's paradise, and warnings fall on deaf ears. * Religion and Education. — They are all pagans, will have nothing to do with schools or churches. This is a startling statement to make of a band situated so close to this office and living in the midst of a Christian community within sixty- live miles of the capital of the province, but it is a fact. Missionaries of various 110 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 denominations have tried at different times to work amongst them, but without effect ; of late years they have been left to themselves. Population. — The Indians of this band number one hundred and thirteen. SWAN LAKE BAND. Eeserve. — The principal reserve of this band is situated on the Canadian Northern railway (Morris and Brandon branch). Indian Springs station and post ojfice are situated near the centre of it, both of which are a great convenience to the band. There is also an auxiliary reserve known as Indian Gardens, being section 11, town- ship 9, range 9, west of the principal meridian. This is the home of the old chief. Yellow Quill, and his family ; it is a beautiful section of grain-land over- looking the Assiniboine river. The principal reserve is well adapted for mixed farming, the land is high rolling prairie, interspersed with bluffs of poplar and willow. In the valley of Swan lake, which lies to the south of the reserve, there are large hay meadows. The reserve as u whole is a model one for Indians who wish to quit their old mode of life and apply themselves to agricultural pursuits ; they have good grain and grazing lands, plenty of fire-wood, abundance of hay, and first-class water. Progress. — I am pleased to be able to state that this band is still progressing. These Indians have built a number of new and improved houses this year. They have two hundred and fifty acres of crop at the principal reserve, and seventy-five at the gardens. I am sorry to say that the crop is not as good this year as last, but still the prospects are there will be a fair yield. As the threshing is not yet done, I can- not give the return. Labour has been in good demand and all who are able and wil- ling to work have made good wages with neighbouring farmers. Senega-root has commanded high prices, and a veiy considerable revenue has been derived from this source. These Indians have a fine herd of cattle, and are now beginning to realize the benefits of stock-raising. This year for the first time they have a few head of beef cattle to dispose of. The outlook for this band is encouraging. Religion and Education. — Mr. Kemper Garrioch acts as day school teacher and inissionaiy. I am pleased to report considerable progress in both branches. Most of the band are still pagan, but are veiy considerate and kind to the missionary. Malcolm Campbell is farm instructor and is doing his best to advance their temporal interests. During the past summer the missionary teacher has been provided with a residence by the Missionary Society of the Presbyterian Church. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and ten. There were three births and nine deaths during the year. ROSEAU BAND. Reserve. — The principal reserve of this band is situated at the confluence of the Red and Roseau rivers. There is an auxiliary to this reserve, consisting of eight hundred acres, located on the Roseau river, about eleven miles from the main reserve. The land of both reserves is first-class, and capable of supporting a much larger population than they have. Wood and hay are abundant, and plenty of open prairie for cropping. Last winter the band surrendered seven thousand seven hundred and eight acres of the principal reserve. It was sold for the benefit of the Indians last May, realizing $99,782.50-, or nearly $13 per acre. The siale was regarded as highly satisfactory. According to the terms of the surrender ten per cent of this, less; the cost of management, was expended for their immediate requirements. Progress. — I cannot report much progress ; at the best they are a poor miserable stubborn lot, and surrounded as they are by a number of towns, where liquor can be procured, their total extinction is only a matter of time. i LAKE MAXITOBA lySPECTORATE HI SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Those residing at the Rapids, or auxiliary reserve, are more thrifty. They are surrounded by a better ckiss of settlers, and further away from liquor. The dwellings on both reserves are poor ; logs for building purposes are scarce, and the high price of lumber prevents their building frame structures. It should not be inferred from this that they are in distress, far from it, they are quite contented, and satisfied with their lot, so much so that all the advice given them is patiently listened to and for- gotten as soon as our backs are turned ; they are improvident to the last degree. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is two hundred and one. During the year there were fifteen births and twelve deaths. Religion and Education. — Seventy-five are Roman Catholics, and the rest pagans. All the Roman Catholics reside on the reserve proper except two. At the principal reserve there is a comfortable Roman Catholic church, but no regular missionary. I understand that a priest from Letellier holds services every two weeks. A new sohool-building has been erected by the department at the Roseau Rapids. As yet a teacher has not been found for it. It is the intention to make it non-denominational. GEXERAL RE:MARKS. To sum up, the outlook for Portage la Prairie agency is discouraging, except at Swan lake ; this was formerly a very ' tough ' band, but owing to its situation and the work of the farm instructor, and teacher, it has improved very much. It is hoped that the best members in other bands of the agency will desire to join this band. MANITOWAPAH AGEXCY. As the similarity is so mai-ked between all the reserves of this agency, I will report upon the agency as a whole instead of by reserves. The agency consists of ten reserves, namely, Sandy Bay, Lake Manitoba, Ebb and Flow Lake, Fairford, Little Saskatchewan, Lake St. Martin, Crane River, Water- hen River, Pine Creek, and Shoal River. ^ These reseiwes are all on water fronts on Lakes Manitoba and Winnipegosis and) contiguous waters. Reserves. — The land of all the reseiwes is inclined to be low, and in most of them vei'v stony ; it is not at ail adapted for grain-growing, but there is plenty of land for garden purposes. All are more or less timbered, and are well supplied with hay zneadows. During the last few years, owing to high water, the hay-lands have been largely submerged, but this year the water has fallen, and hay is abundant. Tribe. — All ;n"e Oiii^l v^wns e>L-ein at Sh'^al i!ive;' ; i;ie:se are mostly ("roes. Vital Statistics.— The population at the last annuity payments was thirteen hundred and thirty, as compared with twelve hundred and ninety-six last year. There were fifty-eight births and forty-six deaths. Progress. — The past year has been a prosperous one for this agency. Indians say themselves that they never were so well situated before as they are at present, labour at high wages has been in good dfemand for all who eared to go from home for work. Fishing has been good and prices high. Fuvs have alsi-. brought good prices, while the commodities in general use amongst them are getting cheaper year by year owing to better transportation, and competition ii;L trade. Gardening. — As before stated, i^Q reserves are not adapted for farming on an extensive. scale, but the gardens are good. Potatoes are the staple crop, with a few turnips, carrots, and onions. The gardens as a rule are kept very clean^ and are well fenced. Cattle. — All the bands of this agency have horses and cattle. The herds are ii^ creasing slowly. Cattle do not do so well on these low lands as on the pi-airies. The grass does not possess the same nutriment, and the flies of many kinds are very hard on them ; in fact for two months from the middle of June, until the middle of 112 DEPART ME2;T of INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 xWigust, they lose flesh at the very time they should, uuder ordinary circumstances, pat it on. The Indians of the Little Saskatchewan band tried the experiment of sheep-raising two years ago, and are delighted with the result so far. They put them oft' on an island in the summer, away from the dogs, and bring them in for the winter. Tl. has been hard work to have the Indians take an interest in stock-raising, but they are now more interested, and from this out I have no doubt the herds will increase more rapidly. The great trouble with them is that they want to sell before the cattle are of full market value. Buildings. — Considerable improvement is noticed in the construction of the dwellings and stables; many of the houses are very comfortable, furnished with stoves, housekold furniture, sewing-machines, clocks, lamps, &c. They are also kept much cleaner than formerly, and more attention is paid to sani- tary regulations. The bands of this agency are becoming more provident year by year, they spend their earnings with more care in providing for the future. Eeligion. — Nearly all the Indians of this agency call themselves Christians. The denominations represented are : Church of England, Roman Catholic, and Baptist. The two former largely predominate. The Eoman Catholics have a commodious church adjacent to Sandy Bay res,erve ; they also have churches at Lake Manitoba, and Waterhen River reserves. At Pine Creek the church is within, ai:id a part of the boarding school building. The Anglicans have churches at Fairford, Little Saskat- chewan and Shoal River ; the Baptists, at Lake St. Martin, and Lower Fairford. On the other reserves the school-houses are used for religious services. Education. — There are day school buildings on all the reserves except Pine Creek ; here thei day school is incorporated with the boarding school. A difficulty is found in securing teachers for some of the schools. I am pleased to report an improvement this year in some of the schools, notably the day schools at Sandy Bay, and Ebb and Flow Lake. At Pine Creek boarding school a decided improvement is noticed ; the class-room work done here will compare favourably with the best of the industrial 5-chools. Father Bousquet is to be congratulated on the great success attending his efforts. Morality. — I am pleased to report that there has not been a case of actual crime brought to my attention the past year. The bands of this agency have fully main- tained their reputation as a law-abiding and peaceful people. There was a little trouble at one of the reserves through a trader suppb^ing liquor to a white traveller, but no Indian, so far as I could find out, was implicated. The general moral tone of these Indians is all that could be expected, and I doubt if there is a white commun- ity in this broad Dominion where there is less real crime. Health. — The past has been a healthy year for this agency. Closer attention to sanitarj' matters, larger and better ventilated houses, better food and clothing are, I think, accountable for this. Tubercular troubles are not so much in evidence as form- erly. A small stock of medicines is kept at each reserve, and dispensed by the teachers ; this is much appreciated by the Indians, and no doubt it is of great bene- fit to them at times. PAS AGENCY. There are seven regular reserves in this agency, all situated within the district of Saskatchewan. Besides these there is the Pelican Narrows band, in the district of Athabaska. This band is not yet located on a reserve, and is not likely to be. These Indians are all hunters, and spread over a large area in their hunting pursuits. They gather yearly at the place before named to receive their annuities, and dispose of their peltry. The reserves are : Grard Rapids, Chemawawin, Moose Lake, the Pas, Shoal Lake, Red Earth, and Cumberland. ; LA KE MA XI TO BA INSPECTOR A TE 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The physical features of all these reserves are very similar to those mentioned in the preceding agency. They are not at all adapted for farming, but on most of them it is possible to find sufficient garden ground. Communication is all by water in summer, and by dog-train in winter. The lower Saskatchewan and ti'ibutary v/aters have been very high the last few years. This year they are not so high as last, but still above nonnal. Progress. — I have lately returned from an inspection of all the bands and re- serves in this agency, and am pleased to report the continued prosperity of the Indians. Notable progress is being made at the Pas, and Moose Lake ; a large number of new iiouses completed and under way at both places, besides other evidences of thrift. The same may be said of the other reserves in a lesser degree. The scarcity of sawn lumber, and shingles, is a serious drawback to building operations. Prince Albert is the nearest point where lumber can be procured, and to bring it from there makes the cost almost prohibitive. A saw-mill at the Pas would be a great boon to the entire agency. Sturgeon-fishing is the princijDal industry at present ; two strong companies are operating, and competition is very keen between them, much to the benefit of the Indians. The catch of furs was also good last winter, and high prices obtained.^ Strong competition exists between the Hudson's Bay Company and outside traders,, creating lower prices for goods and higher prices for furs. How long this state of affairs will last is hard to say; both fishing and hunting are precarious, but while it lasts, the Indians are making the most of it. Some of ihem have now considerable simis to their credit. Even in the far north at Pelican Xarrows, I was informed that the hunters could not trade out all that was coming to them, and had left considerable balances to their credit notwithstanding that flour was $14 per hundred, and other goods proportionately high. The Indians of this agency are all hunters or fishermen, or dependent on these pursuits for their livelihood ; the country that they live in could not support them in any other way, consequently they will always have their ups and downs, according to the seasons ; high water is in their favour, low water against them. May the good times continue ! These people have many times suffered terrible privations through lack of food and clothing. Stock. — Stock-raising is at a stand-still. The water has been so high the last three years that the meadows have been overflowed, and even summer pasturage has been very scarce. All the reserves are backed by swamps, and the cattle have had no place to graze except on the small ridges on which the villages are located. Last winter the loss from poor hay, and starvation, was large. Until the waters subside, there is very little use in trying to increase the herds. Education. — There are day schools on each reserve, but owing to the lack of efficient teachers, and the roving habits of the parents, the result is not encouraging. The school at the Pas is an exception ; here I found an excellent school with ^Ir. E. A. McDougall in charge. A strong effort was made this year to secure recruits for the industrial schools, but with indifferent success, parents objecting to send their children so far away from honae. From my experience of Indian day schools in this inspectorate, I am more and more convinced that the monej^ expended on them could bo used to better advantage under some other system. I have yet to find the pupil of an Indian day school located away from white settlements that understands or sx>€ak3 English, although in some cases there have been mission schools on the re- serves for over sixty years. Cree is the language of the agency, and will continue to b.? such until some other system of education is adopted. Religion and Morals. — The bands of this agency are nominally all Christians of the Anglican Church. They are a law-abiding, moral people. Serious crime is almost unknown. There is no trouble here through the use of intoxicants. The Church Missionai-j- Society maintains ordained missionaries at three reserves, and lay readers at the other reserves. They also have churches at all the reserves. 27— i— 8 22^ DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 Health.— I am pleased to report that the general health of the agency has been pood. There have been no epidemics of any kind except an outbreak of whooping- cough at Cumberland. Dr. Arthur Larose is medical attendant, and resides at the Pas or principal reserve; hir, services are a great boon to the people, and are much appreciated. Small stocks of medicines are placed with the school teachers at the outside re- forves, and are very beneficial. Tubercular troubles are decreasing, owing, I pre- sume, to stricter sanitary regulations, and the fact that the Indians are better clothed, fed, and housed than formerly. General Eemarks. — The agency headquarters are located at the Pas. This re- serve is conveniently situated to the other reserves in the agency, and is the centre of the religious, moral, social, and business life of the agency. The Indians residing here are of a superior class, and show the effect of sixty years of missionary work. 'Mr. Joseph Courtney is agent, assisted by Dr. Larose as clerk. For Indians following the old Indian mode of life, this is an ideal agency. They are far removed from the ?lluring and contaminating influences of white settlements. Game of many kinds, fc'sh, and fur-bearing animals are generally abundant. This state of affairs is likely to continue, as there is nothing in the cotmtry to induce settlement to any extent. The Indians are well contiented with their lot, and easy to handle. They ask for but little aid from the department. BIETLE AGENCY. As this agency has been lately added to this inspectorate, I have not yet had an oxjportunity of making an inspection ; I hope to do so shortly. PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE SIOUX. This band is still making substantial progress. These Indans have quite recov- ered from- the disastrous flood of April, 1902, when their village was ovei-flowed by the waters of the Assiniboine river. They are a hard-working, industrious people, and their labour is of considerable benefit to this town ; both men and women find con- stant employment. The only trouble we have with them is fi'om liquor, a few of them are addicted to its use, and it is almost impossible to prevent their getting it. The mission church in the village is well attended ; Mr. W. A. Hendiy of the Presbyterian Sioux boarding school, acts as missionary. The boarding school con- tinues to do good work under the principalship of Mr. Hendry. Twenty- two pupils are now in attendance. The school is popular with the Indians. While on this ques- tion I would say that boarding schools are much more popular with the Indians than industrial schools. GENERAL REMARKS. The past year has been an uneventful one in this inspectorate. I have recently returned from my annual trip of inspection over the Manitowapah and Pas agencies. I started on July 14, and returned on the 9th instant. The trip was a most successful one in every respect. The journey was all by water, and the distance covered about two thousand five hundred miles. I have to thank the officials of the Hudson's Bay Company in the Pas agency for many kindnesses. I have, &c., S. E. MAELATT, Inspector of Indian Agencies. i LAKE WINNIPEG AND RAT PORTAGE INSPECTORATE 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Manitoba Superintendexcy, Lake Winnipeg and Eat Portage Inspectorate, Stonewall, Man., September 28, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — In submitting my first annual report of inspection, I have the honour to congratulate the department upon the general prosperity and contentment prevailing among the different bands of Indians visited by me in the Lake Winnipeg portion of this inspectorate. Owing to the demand for hibour by the various fish companies doing business on Lake Winnipeg, every Indian wanting work has had no trouble in getting employment, either to work by the day. or catch fish for himself and sell to ihe companies at a stated price. Fish of all kinds have been plentiful this season, iuid the Indians have been making as much as $5 and $6 a day for each skiff employed in the fishing. There is also a great demand for Indian labour by the lumber com- panies that are getting out cord-wood and logs during the fall and winter months. Anting on instructions from the department, I made the trip this year with the Rev. John Semmens. agent for Clandebo^•e agency, and acting agent for the Berens River agency. I assisted at all the payments on the various reseiwes, and by so doing got an insight into a great many matters that will be useful in my future work. I had council or band meetings on all the reserves, and found that the Indian resembles the white man in so far as having a great deal to complain of. CLANDEBOYE AGENCY. This agency is in the province of Manitoba, and comprises three bands of Indians, nstmed as follows : St. Peter's, Brokenhead, and Fort Alexander, all beautifully situated in the best parts of the province. If this agency does not prosper, it is not tlie fault of the location. ST. Peter's band. Reserve. — The reserve for this band is located on both sides of the Red river, i'd joining the parish of St. Clements on the south, and extending down the river for about ten miles to near where it empties into Lake Winnipeg. The ai-^a is about forty thousand acres, or nearly two townships, and is all first-class land, rich black soil of great depth. It is a mixed open and bush country, ,with some very fine hay-lands on the north part of the reseiwes. Along the river banks there is also a considerable amount of box elder or ash-leaf maple, and elm, though the main bush is mostly white poplar, with a sprinkling of scrub oak. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are a mixture of the Ojibbewas and Swampy Crees, and a great many of them have white blood in their veins, and are A-ery little different from the half-breed population that have homes among them on land alien- ated from the reseiwe. A large number of the treaty women are married to non- treaty half-breed men. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at the last treaty payment was one thousand one hundred and nineteen, made up as follows : two hundred and sixty- five men, two hundred and eighty-eight women, three hundred and two boys, and two hundred and sixty-four girls. There were fift^'-ninc births and thirty-nine deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health recently of the Indians of this band will com- pare most favourablv with that of the white and half-breed populations in the 27— i— Si 116 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIBS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 vicinitj'. All the houses inspected on this reserve were neat and clean, and certainly show signs of advancement on the part of the Indians. From the stand-point of cleanliness and comfort, the houses are very much improved in recent years, and this must have a good effect on the general health of the Indian people. Dr. Steep was present during the treaty payment, and seems to take a great interest in keeping every one in a good state of health. Resources and Occupations. — The Indians of this reserve are almost altogether occupied in working for wages and being employed by outside parties. A very large number catch fish for the different fish companies that have headquarters at Selkirk. In the spring and summer a great many were engaged in catching cat-fish, for which they got good prices, and made large amounts of money. In the harvest-time a great many go out to the surrounding whitei settlements and work for the farmers ; the Tounger men get well paid for this class of work, and if it were not for whisky being so plentiful and easy to get, these Indians could save a lot of money. They are nearly all good workers and give good satisfaction, but will not work steadily: as soon as they get a little ahead, they give up work and go in for a good time. At the treaty pay- ments this year I endeavoured to get from them the amount they earned in the past year, but found it an impossibility within the short time at my disposal. Though these Indians have one of the finest reserves in Canada, it seems to be very uphill work to get them to stay on their farms and try and make a living off them. They own about two hundred acres for each family of five, and yet last year, everything they produced from the land outside of hay, could be raised on sixty acres. From inform- ation received in the week ended July 11, 1903, all they harvested in the fall of 1902, was one hundred and twenty-nine bushels of wheat, one hundred and seventy-three bushels of barley, eight hundred and fourteen bushels of oats, and three thousand four hundred and seventy-seven bushels of potatoes. They sell quite a lot of hay in i^elkirk at good prices, thp hay being easy to get and of a good quality. During the winter they hauled a very large amount of dry wood into Selkirk, which came off the reserve, but the supply will soon be exhausted if they keep on cutting at the rate they cut last winter. An effort will have to be made to induce these people to try tc live off the products of the land, and not depend so much on outside work. Fur is a thing of the past for the Indians of this reserve, with the exception of the musk-rat, of which a large number are still caught around Nettly lake, and near the mouth of the river. Ducks are also plentiful in their season, in the marsh which lies north of the reserve, and the prairie chicken can still be got in considerable numbers. The Indians on this reserve own one hundred and fifty-eight skiffs, which are used in their occup- ations of fishing and hunting. They have broken up fifty acres of new land since the treaty payments of 1902, which will make a little improvement for the next year. Buildings. — The buildings on this reserve are mostly of logs, one and a-half storeys in height, with roof s^ shingled and floored with pine or .spruce. Some of them are nicely painted inside and out on the casings, doors and windows, with the logs whitewashed. As a rule all their houses are whitewashed, the floors are kept clean, and quite a number are fairly well furnished. Several sewing-machines are to be seen, and an odd organ. A great many of the Indians prefer tents in the summer time. They pitch them near their houses, and stay in them till the weather gets cold. The stables are not very large, but are still fairly comfortable. They are usually built of logs, and plastered on the outside with lime or mud plaster. Since the 1902 treaty payment, thirty-three new houses and four stables are reported to me as having been built on the reserve, and are as a rule for the younger men, who are getting married and striking out for themselves. Stock. — This industry is in a fairly pi-osperous condition, the cattle on the resei-ve are looking well, having come through the past winter in good condition. The reserve cattle show quite an admixture of shorthorn blood. At a meeting held by me with the band, one of the councillors brotight up the question of a creamery building, and wanted to know whether the government would aid such an enterprise. This shows that the i LAKE WINNIPEG AND RAT PORTAGE INSPECTORATE H? SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 subject of co-operation is receiving their attention, and some action will likely be taken in the near future. These Indians have a large number of horses and oxen, somewhere over three hundred, with which they do their farm work,, make hay, and haul wood and hay to market. There is a great field on this reserve for the raising of stock, and dairy produce ; fine pasture and lots of the very best marsh hay being in great abundance. Farm Implements. — Farm implements of nearly eveiy sort are to be seen on every hand on this reserve. These Indians have a large number of mowers, hay-rakes, ploughs, harrows, wagons and sleighs, as well as a great variety of the smaller implements, such as hoes, garden-rakes, spades, scythes, &c., Mhich are used in their farming and garden- ing operations, and give them great assistance in earning a living. Most of the large machinery, I regret to say, is not sheltered, as a rule : where they cease using an im- plement it remains till the next time it is wanted, to the great benefit of the machine companies, but to the detriment of the machinery. Education. — There are five day schools on St. Peter's reserve, four under the auspices of the Church of England, and one under those of the Koman Catholic Church. They are situated at convenient points for the children to attend, and the situation of the schools is no valid excuse for the poor attendance. The attendance at the various schools (with the exception of South St. Peter's) is nothing like what it should be from the number of children on the reserve, and some means will have to be devised to make the parents send their young folks more regularly. My experience so far is that the schools are in a very backward state ; taking the best and brightest children to the in- dustrial schools, is giving a bad blow to the day schools, and is very discouraging to all the teachers on the reserve. Religion. — About three-fourths of the Indians on this reserve belong to the Church of England, the other fourth adhering to the Roman Catholic and Baptist Churches. There are also a few who belong to the Plymouth Brethren, and about a score of pagans. The Anglicans have five places of worship, while the Roman Catholics and Baptists have one each. The Anglicans and Baptists have a resident clergyman, while the Roman Catholics are supplied from Selkirk. A great many of the Indians are very devout people, and take a great interest in their religious services ; during the treaty payments there were two or three outdoor meetings going on every evening, held by the various Protestant denominations. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians on this reserve are making progress, but onlj^ in the matter of buildings, horses, buggies and sleighs, and in the general appearance of the individual. In the farming line they are a long way behind their record of ten years ago ; they do not raise half the grain and vegetables they did in those days. Now, these Indians, as a rule, are industrious and we do not have far to look for the reasons of this going back in the matter of cultivating the soil. It is simply the high price of labour at the present time. The Indian thinks he can make more by working for others than in working for himself and he adheres to that opinion in the meantime. Temperance and Morality. — Too many Indians are only sober when whisky is not to be had. In Selkirk liquor is sold, and indirectly the Indians get it, and it seems almost impossible to get the evidence from them to convict, and all, as a rule, that is being done is to fine the poor Indian for being drunk. The Indians are fairly moral, as a rule, they keep straight, but there are exceptions to every rule and that is the case in this instance. They are subject to a great deal of temptation in being so close to a large town. Everything at present is in fairly good order and no cases of desertion were reported to us at the treaty payment. BROKENHEAD RIVER BAND. Reserve. — The Brokenhead River reserve is situated along the banks of a river of the same name, which flows into Lake Winnipeg in its southern part. The area is 118 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 about thirty square miles, of good quality of soil, but principally covered with a thick growth of white poplar bush. Near the lake there is a very large marsh, the drier por- tions of which yield a great quantity of fine hay. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are also a mixture of Ojibbewas and Swampy Crees, and they also show signs of white blood. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at the last treaty payment was one hundred and seventy, made up as follows : fifty-three men, fifty-three women, thirty- four boys and thirty girls. There were six births and four deaths. There were also I wo absent who were present at last treaty payment. This leaves the population the same as last year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band is good and they have had no terious sickness since last report. Dr. Steep was along with us and reports everything in good condition. The houses on this reserve are kept clean and the Indians seem to have found out that cleanliness is an aid to health. Resources. — Some of the people on this reserve are doing a little farming, but they depend almost altogether on what fish and game they can catch. There are plenty of cat-fish in the river and they sell their surplus to Ewing & Fryer, who keep a small trading store on the reserve. A good many of the younger men work at the different lumber camps, of which there are a number in the vicinity of the reserve. The marsh near the mouth of the river is a great resort for the wild duck, of which they shoot large numbers ; rabbits are also very plentiful ; so taking it all round, there is no lack of provisions on this reserve. Four new houses and one stable were built last year and there are several more projected. The Indians own twenty-two horses, eight oxen, eight cows and fourteen young animals. Henry Flett takes charge of the only bull on the reserve ; it belongs to the band. They raised last year eight bushels of barley, four hundred and fifty-three bushels of potatoes, and they cut and stacked two hundred and eighty-four loads of hay, which put their animals through the winter and gave ihem a small surplus, which they could sell to the lumbermen. They own thirty-five skiffs, which are used by them for visiting and in the prosecution of their daily work. They report having broken up last year fifteen acres of new land in different places and no piece bigger than two acres. Buildings. — The houses are all of log, plastered inside and out with mud or lime plaster, and make very comfortable buildings for the winter. Most of them are white- washed. Stock. — The stock and horses in sight were in fair order, but this is not an ideal reserve for the raising of stock ; there is too much bush, and I would say that the mosquitoes are thicker here than in any other part of Manitoba, making it very bad for horses and stock. As they get more land cleared vtp it will imp^ovs. in this respect. Farming Implements. — There are very few implements on this reserve, and so far not many are required ; what they have — ploughs, harrows and small tools — are in fair condition, but as usual everything is out of doors. Education. — There is one school on this reserve and I understand from the chief i^nd council that the late teacher gave good satisfaction. The holidays were on at ihe time of the treaty Diyments, so I had no opportunity to inspect the school. Religion. — There is both an Anglican and a Roman Catholic mission at this point ; roughly, five-sevenths are Anglicans, one-sevenlh Roman Catholics, and one-seventh pagans. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band are making very little, if any, progress. They are making a good living and appear to be satisfied with that. They are not paying the attention to their gardens that I would like to see ; but, iis the fish and game decrease, they will have a good reserve to fall back upon. Then it Vv'ill be necessary to have a travelling farm instructor to teach them how and when to plant the seeds and grain. Temperance and Morality. — The Indians of this band will compare favourably vvith the other bands in this agency. Not a sign of liquor was to be seen during my visit, and at the band meeting they were all anxious to have soberness prevail. i LAKE WINNIPEG AND RAT PORTAGE INSPECTORATE 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 General Eemarks. — White settlement is encroaching on this reserve, and the Ifidians are thinking of having the boundary line of their reserve better defined, so that they would be in a better position than at present to protect their property. They have a very valuable asset in their wood, and wish if possible that it should be pre- served, and their suggestion is that iron posts be placed say every half mile on their outside boundary. These Indians, while extremely friendly to the white population, icalize the rights they have in their reserve, and the value it may be to them and tiieir children, in the near future. FORT ALEXANDER BAND. Eeserve. — The reserve for this band is on the Winnipeg river, where it empties hito Lake Winnipeg at the southeast side of the lake. They have about thirty-two square miles on both sides of the river. The banks are high and well wooded, the Jand is number one and will produce first-class crops of grain and vegetables. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are a mixture of Ojibbewa and Swampy Crees, and most of them have a strain of white blood. They are related all through with the half-breeds who live among them and around the lake shores. Vital "Statistics. — The population of this band at the last treaty payment was four hundred and eighty-eight, made up as follows : one hundred and twenty-six men, one hundred aiul thirty-eiaht women, one hundred and tweiity-seven boys and ninety-seven girls. There were twenty-three births and twelve deaths. There were also twenty-two present who were absent last year and fourteen absent who were present at last treaty payment. This makes an increase of nineteen in population ever last year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band is good and about on a par with the other bands in this agency. The buildings as seen appear to be in good repair and are clean and comfortable-looking. There was no serious epidemic during the past year, only the usual complaints of colds, rheumatism, diarrhoea, &c. Resources and Occupations. — Among the Indians of this reserve there is still a good deal of hunting for the fur-bearing animals, and with a good deal of success during the past year. Moose and deer have been plentiful, which is a large item in their living. Rabbits, ducks and partridge are also in abundance. This reserve is nearlj^ stationary in the matter of cattle and it seems hard work to get members of the band to increase their herds. Whitefish are increasing in the portion of Lake Win- nipeg which is tributary to this reserve. The fishermen informed me that not for ten ^•ears have the whitefish been so plentiful in the south part of the lake, and yet the Indians complain that their food-supply is small. At a band meeting held after the treaty payments, Chief Mann and Councillors Kent, Mariel, Kanard and Henderson all pressed upon me the justice of restoring to them one resource that was theirs for over twenty years but had been taken away ; they referred to the provisions that used to be furnished them at treaty-time by their great mother the Queen. One councillor said the Queen must have been dead about ten years. The members of this band would also like some one sent to teach them how to farm, as they are seeing the necessity of turning their attention in that direction. They raised more potatoes last year than any other band on Lake Winnipeg, taking the population into consideration. Twenty- five acres of grain was all they had in last year, and about twenty-five acres of potatoes. They have also broken thirty acres of new land, which will materially increase their grain and potato crop for next year. The women and children earn a lot of money every year by the picking of fruit, of which there is great abundance at or near their reserve. Black and red currants, gooseberries, raspberries, blueberries and Saskatoons grow most luxuriantly near this part of Lake Winnipeg. Buildings. — This reserve has a quantity of good building timber on it and in conse- quence the houses are good. They are all of log with shingle roofs and board floors. A great many of them are nicely whitewashed and make a good appearance, situated 120 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 as they are so beautifully on the high banks of the Winnipeg river. The stables are as comfortable as they can be made, with spaces chinked and plastered inside with mud, and very often outside with manure. Stock. — From what the chief and council told me at the band meeting, they are barely holding their own in cattle, though they have four times the number of horses that they had a few years ago. They are also losing ground in the raising of pigs, there being only twenty-seven on the reserve, while they say that a few years ago they had over double that number. Their stock is in good condition ; cows, oxen and young stock all look well, what there is to be seen. Farm Implements. — They have plenty of implements to carry on all the farming they are now doing, though they mentioned to me their want of an extra heavy plough tor breaking up bush-land. The agent, Rev. Mr. Semmens, made a note of this want, and will endeavour to see if such a plough can be had. They are anticipating the time when more broken land will be necessary to them. Education. — There are two day schools on this reserve, one Roman Catholic and one Anglican. The holidays were on at treaty-time and the schools were closed. I had at talk with Mr. Gow, the teacher of the Roman Catholic school, and he tells me the great difficulty is non-attendance of those on his roll. The only time there is a good attendance is from the middle of l^ovember to the middle of March ; in this latter month the people become uneasy and begin to disperse for the musk-rat hunt, which ends about May 1. They then return to the reserve, put in their gardens and are oif again for the bear-hunt, nothing more being seen of them until the treaty-payment. As soon as this is done, they again leave for the duck-hunt and berry-picking, and never put in an appearance until they are driven back by the cold weather. Such is the chronic state of affairs, and he asks me how under such conditions can he be expected to show much improvement in his school, as the children forget while away nearly all they have learnt while present. Mr. Gow, with all his experience, could not suggest a remedy for this state of affairs. From what I have seen this summer, the boarding school on each reserve or group of reserves is the only solution of this very difficult question. Religion. — This band is about evenly divided between the Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches, with about a score of pagans. They attend their church services very well when on their reserve and appear to think a great deal of their clergymen, who certainly are painstaking and worthy men. Characteristics and Progress. — The chief and council are a very intelligent and bright lot of men, who are fast becoming civilized. They know what they want and also know how to ask for it. They realize the disadvantages they labour under at the present time, lack of education and trades ; but do not see how to bring the rank and file of their people to realize the same thing. Temperance and Morality. — The people of this band are in no whit different from the other bands in this agency in their love for strong drinl:, and the great majority of them will drink when they can get it. The fish and lumber companies are, as a rule, very particular in seeing that no whisky comes on the reserves, but unfortunately some of their employees are not so, and more or less whisky gets out to this reserve. The morals of this band are what may be called medium to good ; as long as the white man tempts, there will be some to fall, and though such is the case among a few, the bulk of the people are sound, and largely owing to the teach- ing of religion by the different clergymen. BERENS RIVER AGENCY. This agency is partially in the province of Manitoba and partly in the district of Kecwatin. It consists of eleven reserves, of which Black River, Hollow.vfilor River, Fisher River, Jackhead River, Berens River and Little Grand Rapids are in the province of Manitoba, and on the shores of Lake Winnipeg. Poplar River, Pekange- • i LAKE WINNIPEG AND RAT PORTAGE INSPECTORATE 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 kimi, ISTorway House and Ci-oss Lake are in the district of Keewatin. The area of the above named reserves is about fifty-eight thousand acres, and with the exception of Fisher Kiver reserve, which is on the west shore of the lake, it is nearly all a very poor district for farming-. BLACK RIVER BAND. Reserve. — The reserve laid out for this band is on the east shore of Lake Winni- peg where the Black river empties into the lake. There; is a good deal of rock and ?wamp, but still good lands can be had for gardens when the bush is cleared. There is some good spruce on this reserve, which can be utilized for lumber if fires do not destroy it. The area is two thousand acres. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are nearly all Ojibbewasi, they talk the same language that prevails in the Clandeboye agency. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at last treaty payment was sixty- two, made up as follows : fifteen men, twenty women, thirteen boys and fourteen girls. There were four deaths (one man and three boys) and no births. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this reserve has been fairly good during the past year, they have suffered only from minor ailments. Resources and Occupations. — Fishing and hunting for home consumption is the main occupation of this band. A number of the younger members of the band work out in the lumber camps, and others catch fish for the fish companies, which Siend a tug around at stated times to buy what fish they have for sale. They do very little gardening, only eighty-seven bushels of potatoes were raised on the reserve last year. They have nine head of cattle and it took forty-six loads of hay to put them through the winter. Though living from hand to mouth, they made no complaint and appeared happy and comfortable. They must figure on having some money this fall, for they made a special request that I would try to get a trader to go out and see them in the early winter with traps, nets, groceries, underwear and dresses. Buildings. — Their buildings are of log, plastered both inside and out. The chief's house is a very comfortable one. The few stables seen were small and badly built. In contrast, the school is a very well built and comfortable building. There were thi-ee new buildings put up during the year. Stock. — They have only a few head of stock so far, and the prospects for increases i.re not good, as the pasture-land is scarce. The chief desired me to thank the de- partment for the gift last year of a yoke of oxen ; the Indians are well pleased with them and promise to give them the best of care. Farm Implements. — They have very few implements, but still as many as they require for the small quantity of land under cultivation. Education. — There is one day school on the reserve, which is fairly well attended during the winter. Religion. — The members of this band are mostly Anglicans, with some few pagans. There is a church on the reserve, which is well attended when the Indians are at home. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians on this reserve are making no pro- gress as far as worldly goods are concerned. They are making a good living and .-••eem satisfied with that. They own sixteen skiffs and two canoes, with which they do a great deal of visiting to the neighbouring reseiwes. They have broken no new land on the reserve since the treaty payment of 1902. Temperance and Morality. — The Indians of this band are fairly moral people, and if the white man could be kept off the reserve, there would be no difficulty in their remaining so. General Remarks — The chief and band would like to have the band increased h\ about fifty, if the department will allow. They inform me there are a number of 122 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 non-treaty Indians who would like to n'oin the band ; they are more or less related to them aijd they report them as being Christians. IIOLLOWWATER RIVER BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the Wanipigow or Hollowwater river, which flows into Lake Winnipeg on the east shore not far from Black island. There is plenty of rock and bush ; in the pockets or lower places there is some land where vegetables can be raised. The area is three thousand three hundred and sixteen acres. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are a branch of the Ojibbewas, and talk the same language as the St. Peter's band. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at the last treaty payment was one hundred and five, consisting of : twenty-two men, twenty-eight women, thirty- three boys and ^twenty-two girls. There were five births and five deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the band is very good. Colds and rheumatism seemed to be the general complaints. Resources and Occupations. — Fishing in the summer and hunting in the winter take up nearly all their time ; though a number of the men work in the lumber camps, where they make good wages. Fish have been in great plenty during the past season ; whitefish, pike and pickerel in particular, and the Indians can get a market for all they want to dispose of. Only five men grew any potatoes last year, and at that, only a total of eighty-eight bushels. Buildings. — The houses are in a fair condition, being built of logs, and most of them have shingled roofs and board floors. There was only one new dwelling-house built during the year, but one Indian reported having built an ice-house, which shows they are going to try to save their surplus fish, when the tug does not get around on time. Stock. — They have a few cows on this reserve, and they are looking well. The Indians report having harvested forty-one loads of hay, which wintered all the stock belonging to the band. Fai-m Implements. — They have all the implements they can use at the present time, though the chief says they would like to have a set of bob-sleighs. Education. — They have a good school and the teacher, Mr. Sinclair, is doing very good work ; but the same complaint of non-attendance being the drawback, is heard here. Religion. — The people of this reserve are Anglicans, and Mr. Sinclair, the teacher, acts as missionary for that church. Characteristics and Progress. — These people are making no progress as far as faiTn- ing is concerned, though in some other respects they are improving ; for instance, they are better clothed than formerly, men, women and children, more in accordance with white fashion, they make quite a respectable appearance while on the treaty- grounds. Their houses inside also show signs of progress, a good many of them have chairs, tables and good cook-stoves. Temperance and Morality. — The influence and example of a resident missionary can be seen in this band. They appear to be a very sober and moral people, but there are some exceptions here. BLOODVEIN RIVER BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the Bloodvein riA'er, just northeast of the narrows of Lake Winnipeg, and is very low and swampy where the treaty payment is made, with plenty of granite rock and water in sight. The area is three thousand three hundred and sixtv-nine aci'es. • i LAKE WINNIPEG AND EAT PORTAGE INSPECTORATE 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 * Tribe. — The Indans are the same tribe as the Ilollowwater River and Jackhead River bands, and up to a recent date had one chief for the three reserves. Vital Statistics. — The population of thisi band was, at the last treaty payment^ fifty-seven, made up as follows : nine men, twenty-two women, eighteen boys and eight girls. There were two deaths and one birth during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band is fair ; there was no sickness during the year. Resources and Occupations. — Fishing and hunting fill in nearlj'- all their time. There is considerable fur in the country east of their reserve, which gives them em- ployment in the winter. They also work for the fish and lumber companies. There was five bushels of potatoes grown by this band last year. They have no stock, and they broke up no new land during the year. All the seed they put in the ground in the season of 1901, was destroyed by heavy rains, so they were left without seed in 1902, and that accounts in some degree for the small quantity of potatoes raised in that year. Buildings. — What few houses there are on this reserve are of the usual kind ; hewed logs, generally poplar or spruce. Two new houses were built last year. They finished a good school-building in August, 1902. We paid treaty in this building and all it wants is to be sheeted or plastered inside to make a first-class school-room. There is one large room finished upstairs that will answer for a teacher to live in. Stock. — No stock is kept on this reserve at the present time. The question came up at the band meeting held after the payment. The councillor and other members of the band expressed a desire to have some cattle if it could be arranged for. Farm Implements. — They have quite a number of hoes, rakes and spades, all they require is some carpenter's tools. Education. — There is no school yet on the reserve, they are anxious to have a teacher sent as soon as possible, as the school-building is ready for occupation. Religion. — The bulk of the people of this band are pagans, but they are so con- nected with the Christian Indians surrounding that they are not at all bigoted. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians seem willing to make progress, but so far have found it difficult, they being a small band on a poor reserve ; they are law- abiding and industrious enough to provide food for their families, and there they stand. They would like their new chief, whoever he may be, to be a man who would take an interest in the band. Temperance and Morality. — Complaints were made to me by a trader, who has his headquarters near this reserve, that a number of the women are prostitutes. As will be noticed by the ' Vital Statistics ' of this band, there are only nine men to twenty-two women, which maj^ account for the trouble. During the band meeting ap- plications were put in for five men who want to join the reserve, of which a note was made by the acting agent. Rev. John Semmens. FISHER RIVER BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is located on Fisher river, which empties into Fisher bay, a very large bay on the west shore of Lake Winnipeg. It extends from the bay inland for several miles on both sides of the river and is a vei-y choice location. The land is as good as the best in Manitoba ; the only drawback being that when the water is high in the lake, it floods the lower part of the reserve for say a mile up the river, but in ordinal^ seasons they are not bothered in this way. The area of this reserve is about nine thousand acres. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are Crees and speak that language. They origi- nally came from Norway House district and are related to that band. Nearly all have more or less white blood and a great many of this band speak English. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at the last treaty payment was three hundred and eighty-one, consisting of ninety-five men, one hundred and three women,. 124 DEPART MEST OF INDIAN AFFAIBS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 ninety-three boys and ninety girls. There were eleven births and four deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians is what may be called good. They have had no serious sickness during the year, and the small run to the doctor's tent, during the treaty payment, was only what might be expected from a people who have the benefit of medical advice only once a year. The houses are neat and clean, and some of them are quite well furnished. Resources and Occupations. — Nearly all of this band are working in one way or another for the various fish, wood and lumber companies who are doing business in that vicinity. At time of writing, over twenty families are moved over to Snake island, about forty miles from their reserve, and* are chopping wood for a Mr. Ray- mond, who supplies the lake steamers with cord-wood. This gentleman buys pick- erel from the Indians, and a short time since while calling there on the steamer Prrmu'r, I saw shipped one hundred and ninety boxes of fish, each box containing one hundred and fifty pounds. There is also a large lumber mill at Humbug bay, about twenty-five miles from their reserve, at which a large number of them work. They make a f^reat deal of money at this work ; the great trouble is, their home work is neglected; their gardens are looking very poor with a very few exceptions. I was at this reserve twenty-four years ago during a treaty payment, and at the council meeting this year I said to the acting chief : ' Wliy, your gardens are not near as good as when I was here before.' His answer was that his people would not stay at home and look after them. Only three Indians raised any grain last year, the total being thirteen bushels of barley and thirty bushels of oats. Buildings. — They have a lot of good houses on this reserve, and they made a fine appearance from our schooner as we sailed up the river, being thickly located along the banks. The houses are well built of logs and all neatly shingled, a good many of them being painted. Most of them are whitewashed on the logs, and present a neat and clean appearance. The stables and outhouses are also of log, and nearly every Indian has some outbuildings besides his house. Stock. — A large number of cattle and horses are kept on this reserve, and they are looking well. The only difliculty the Indians have is likely to be a shortage of hay, as white settlement gets closer, and they are asking for a few sections of hay-land which lie near, but outside their reserve. Farm Implements. — They have ploughs, harrows and small implements in plenty on this reserve ; also a few mow^ers. Most of the implements as usual are kept out of doors. Education. — A good many of the grown-up people on this reserve show the benefit of the past education. There is a school here and it is fairly well attended. It was closing the day we arrived, and Ihe treaty payment being on, the attendance was small. The children in attendance are in a very backward state. I got the teacher to put the children present through their ordinary work, and I must say with dis- appointing results. They can read a little, but poorly at that, and it is simply mechanical ; though they make the sound of the words, when examined as to the meaning, they could not give any explanation. In arithmetic they could do small sums in addition, and that is as far as they had got. Writing seems to be their forte, their copy-books are neat, well written and show good powers of imitation. Religion. — ISTearly all the members of this band are Methodists. There is a very nice frame church and a fine large parsonage occupied by the. Rev. E. R. Steinhaner, an Indian who was educated in the east. Understanding their language and customs so well, he ought to be able to do good work on this reserve. Dr. McLeod left a supply of medicines with him, and he will do the dispensing where it is ne- cessaiy. A native Baptist lay preacher named John Passage was at the reserve during treaty-time, doing some preaching ; he belonged to the St. Peter's reserve, but applied for membership ard wa« taken into Fishpr River ^'eservo at a band meeting held during our presence. As a good many of the Indians are willing to i LAKE MiyNIPEG AND RAT PORTAGE INSPECTORATE 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 change their religion at any time, no doubt shortly we shall hear of some Baptists on this reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this reserve are making no progress as far as farming and gardening are concerned. In 1897, statistics show that they raised one hundred bushels of wheat, six bushels of oats, eleven hundred and twenty bushels of barley and four thousand four hundred and forty bushels of potatoes ; as against in 1902 thirteen bushels of barley, thirty bushels of oats and seven hundred and twenty-four bushels of potatoes. In cattle they have remained about stationary for the past five years, though they have twenty-nine horses now and only one at that time. They are progressing in other respects, nineteen new houses have been built during the year, and they report having broken up thirty-nine acres of new land, also, since last treaty payments. As a shin- ing example, I might point out James Crate, sr., and family, who have good buildings and report being the owners of six horses, one bull, ten cows, and thirty young ani- mals. They raised in the fall of 1902, thirty bushels, of oats, one hundred bushels of potatoes, and cut and saved two hundred loads of hay, they also broke up five acres of new land during the year. They also own a large sail-boat and several skiffs, which they use in fishing. Almost every Indian family owns a train of dogs (four* to the train) which they use in winter-time for hunting and fishing, iri fact the dog is in- dispensable. Temperance and Morality. — They are blessed with an acting chief- on this resei^ve who is a man of very high character and who sets a good example to the band. The people are away so much and have so much association with the whites that the morals of a good many of the women are not the best. The Indians are temperate when they cannot get liquor ; but when it is to be had, they do not seem able to resist temptation. ' General Kemarks. — A Mr. Eogers has a general store on the reserve and he tells me that there are some good hunters in this band. They have killed a great many moose in the country west of the reserve, during the past year. The unlawful destruc- tion of the moose in this country should be stopped. I am informed that the game guardian seized twenty-nine quarters of moose at one of the lumber camps last winter, laiid only fined the man in charge $20 and left him all the meat except two quarters. The chief of this band is getting* very old and helpless, David Rundle by name, he is unable to do any of the work, which throws all the responsibility on the councillor. JACKHEAD RIVER BAND. 41 Eeserve. — The reserve for this band is situated on a small river of the same name, about forty miles north of Fisher Eiver on the west side of Lake "Winnipeg. The land is low and not much of it is fit for cultivation. Close to the banks of the river are some dry spots which are capable of growing garden roots. The area is about twenty-six hundred and eighty acres. Tribe. — This band is a part of the band living at Bloodvein and Hollowwater, and speaks the same language (Ojibbewa). The chief of this divided band has been dead for three years^ and councillor George Travers, a very intelligent Indian, has charge of matters affecting the tribe, (the Jackhead branch). Vital Statistics. — The population consists of fifteen men, twenty-two women, twenty-three boys and eight girls, making a total of sixty-eight. There were two births and two deaths during the year, and no other changes. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band is good, there having been no epi- demic of any kind during the year. Eesources and Occupations. — The Indians of this band live by hunting and fish- ing. They have a large tract of unsettled country to the west of them, and it is a good place for gamp, both large and small. They also make a considerable amount of money by working for the fish and lumber companies that have industries in their vicinity. 126 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 Buildings. — Their houses are of log and fairly comfortable, eight new houses hav- ing been built during the past year. Stock. — They have a small number of cattle (twelve head) and do not depend much on this branch of industiy at the present time. Hay is scarce, and they would like to get the right to cut hay on two square miles near the reserve, so that they could in- crease their herd of cattle. Farm Implements. — The members of this band have very few implements that are of any use and ask that a plough be sent them for use next summer. They informed me that they had had a plough, but that Mr. Short, the late agent, took it away. Education. — They have a school-house, but school was not in operation when I was on the reserve. The councillor is anxious that a good teacher should be sent. Religion. — There is a small Anglican church on this reserve, which is usually looked after by a student from St. John's College. About half the population is Angli- can, the other half being pagan. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band are a fairly intelligent lot of people and seem desirous of making progress. At a band meeting held after treaty, the question of the election of a chief for the three bands of Hollowwater River, Bloodvein River and this band was brought up. Councillor Travers said, 'As regards the matter of electing the chief for these three reserves, I say it would be very improper to m.ake much of a reserve which is not a reserve, as Bloodvein is. There is not a fence there, no gardens and not one Indian there except at treaty-time. On the other hand, this reserve is advancing, there are over half a dozen houses being put up, our gardens are in good condition and our childrei:! well cared for. It would be wrong to have this reserve, which is the best of the three, managed by a chief living in the other reserves.' They feel very strongly that a chief should be appointed. Temperance and Morality. — This reserve is about on a par with the other reserves of the agency. The Indians are anxious that peace and quietness should prevail. They asked me whether it would be possible to have a policeman appointed so that all the regulations laid down by the government should be carried out. BERENS RIVER BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the Berens river, near where it empties into Lake Winnipeg. It is a very rocky and bold-looking country on the banks of the river, but back from the shore the country gets low and swampy, and is covered with a heavy growth of small tamarack and spruce timber, suitable at the present time for fire-wood. There are pockets of good land suitable for gardens, but they can never raise much grain on this reserve. The area of the reserve is seven thousand four hundred acres. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are mostly of the Ojibbewa tribe ; there is a con- siderable mixture of white blood among them. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band at the last treaty payment was three hundred, made up as follows : sixty men, sixty-four women, one hundred and five boys and seventy-one girls. There wei'c nineteen births and eleven deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — Chief Jacob Berens informs me that the general health of his band has been good during the past year. This reserve having been the head- quarters of the agent for a number of years, the Indians of the band have been well taught in the subject of keeping their houses clean, and as a nile they are all in a good state from a sanitary stand-point. Resources and Occupations. — The Indians of this band depend on the soil for very little, only eight bushels of potatoes being raised during the past year, their main dependence being on fishing and the chase; along the Berens and Pigeon rivers game is still plentiful and they get quite a lot of fur, for which the price has been good. Quite a large number fish for the company that has a freezer at the mouth of the i LAKE WINNIPEG AND RAT PORTAGE INSPECTORATE 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 river. Fish have been plentiful and the price given allows the Indians to make good wages. There is a Hudson Bay store at this point in charge of Mr. Disbrowe, who reports the Indians to be all in good circumstances. At treaty-time they paid all their debts and had quite an amount over, which they spent with the traders, who are always on hand about this time. Buildings. — The houses are good, being built of fine large logs, nicely hewed. Xearly all of them are shingled, and I noticed some of them with the gables also shingled. The stables are mostly small, very few cattle being kept. A number of the he uses are whitewashed with lime, and present a very pleasing appearance. Twelve ntw houses are in course of construction, some of them of quite a size. The new school-house is finished all but the inside lining ; it wants either plastering or paper and sheeting. It will then be a good building. The Hudson's Bay Company asks $40 per thousand for common lumber, and $8 for shingles. Stock. — This is not a stock country, want of hay being the difficulty, and a hard one it will be to overcome. The total amount of stock on the reserve is : one horse, tv-'O oxen, five cows and six young animals. Farm Implements. — Their implements are of the smaller kind, of which they appear to have enough. Education. — They had no teacher at treaty-time, school having closed about six weeks before. They would like school kept up all the year, instead of as at present, only in the winter and spring. Chief and council say that the industrial schools are hurting the day schools, taking the children away who ought to be taught at home. Tl)ey would like a boarding school on this reserve, and then it would be possible to see them once in a while. Religion. — Two-thirds of the Indians on this reserve are Methodists, the rest being divided between Roman Catholics and pagans. The Methodists have a good church and a very fine parsonage ; the Rev. James MacLachlan was in charge. I have just heard from the acting agent. Rev. J. Semmens, that Mr. MacLachlan, an Indian guide, and five Indian children that he was bringing in to the Brandon industrial school, were all drowned on Lake Winnipeg near Big island, on or about September 12 ; all the bodies but one have been recovered. This will be a great affliction for this reserve, losing their minister and six members of the band. We had eight members of this band to man our canoes on the trip to Little Grand Rapids ; every night before re- tiring they sang a hymn and had prayers in their own language. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this reserve are making some pro- gress in a great many things that go to make for good citzenship : obedience to law and to those in authority, attention to their religious duties, and strictness in paying their debts, are some of the characteristics that I saw in this band. In material pro- gress they are making some advance in their houses, living and clothing more es- pecially. Temperance and Morality. — The morals of this band with some exceptions are good, and from what observation I had, they would be just about the same as the other bands, if tempted by strong drink. There are so many strangers now visiting the reserve that the chief would like the old school-house made into a jail, more as a warning than for use. All he asks for is one hundred and fifty feet of five-eighths iron to put bars on the windows. POPLAR RIVER BAXD. Reserve. — The reserve for this band is situated in the district of Keewatin, on the ea'st shore of Lake Winnipeg, at the mouth of the Poplar river, about forty miles north of Berens river. There is plenty of rock on this reserve, but also a good many pockets of good land, where the Indians can and do have gardens. The area of the reserve is three thousand eight hundred acres. 128 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD Vli., A. 1904 Tribe. — The Indians of this band are more or less mixed, the majority of the blood being Ojibbewa. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of thirty-two men, forty-one women, forty-six boys and thirty-three girls, a total of one hundred and fifty-two. There were ten births and six deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band has been vei-y good during the past year. Resources and Occupations. — The Indians of this band depend very little on their gardens, though twenty heads of families report having raised potatoes, in quantities from one to twenty bushels. Fishing for sale and home consumption, hunting game and fur are their main resources and occupations, and by them they make a good living. Buildings. — There are ten new houses in course of construction. Those already built are of log, vei-y comfortable and well put together. Stables are few and far be- tween on this reserve as yet, not being required. Stock. — Stock-raising is not one of their industries ; a start is being made, one ox, one cow and one young animal being reported, and the councillor mentioned the need of a bull. Farm Implements. — "What implements they have are in fair condition and mostly of the smaller kind. Education. — At a meeting of the band, the question of the teacher came up, and they were anxious that their children should be well taught, and seemed to realize the benefit that the children receive by attending the school. Religion. — About three-quarters of these Indians are Methodists, the rest being pagans. The Methodists have a mission, which is usually managed by a lay teacher. The mission is under the supervision of the minister who is stationed at Berens River. Characteristics and Progress. — This band is making progress. The Indians are building new houses, putting in floors and shingled roofs, and are evidently coming to the concluson that the log house is more comfortable than the teepee, especially in winter. They are naturally a very quiet and honest people and desire to live on terms of friendship with eveiy one who settles near them. Temperance and Morality. — They are on a par with all their neighbours in these two respects, which means they are fairly moral and temperate. NORWAY HOUSE BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated in the district of Keewatin. It is on the east branch of the Nelson river, about twenty-four miles from its source and also partly on Little Playgreen lake. There is plenty of rock and water, but also plenty of good land in pockets not large, but having a good depth of rich soil. The finest garden seen by me on the trip was at the Hudson's Bay post at Norway House, which adjoins this reserve. They had, in perfection, every vegetable usually grown in Manitoba. The area of this reserve is ten thousand eight hundred and forty acres. Tribe. — The members of this band are principally Swampy Crees and speak the same language as the Fisher River band. There is a great deal of white blood in this band, some of the Indians taking treaty being almost pure white in appearance. Vital Statistics. — The population at treaty payment was five hundred and forty- nine ; consisting of one hundred and nineteen men, one hundred and fifty-nine women, one hundred and forty-one boys and one hundred and thirty girls. There were sixteen births and thirty-nine deaths since the last treaty payment. Health and Sanitation. — This band had a serious epidemic of grippe and pneu- monia during the year, which caused quite a heavy increase in the death-rate, but at treaty-time the health of the band was good, and things were back to the normal con- dition, j i LAKE WINNIPEG AND RAT PORTAGE INSPECTORATE 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Eesources and Occupations. — A veiy large number of these Indians work all sum- mer for the fish company which is operating' a freezer at Warren's landing. They make a large amount of money catching whitefish, for which they were receiving this year three cents each. They also catch a lot of sturgeon, for which they receive good prices according to the size. On August 10 I saw a tug arrive from the northwest cor- ner of Lake Winnipeg with four hundred sturgeon, and nearly all caught by these Indians. A large number of this same band work at Spider island, a small island about thirty miles south of Warren's landing, where the firm of Ewing & Fryer have a freezer, and buy all sorts of fish. Buildings. — The houses of the Indians are good; they are built of logs with floors made of pit-sawn lumber and some of thera shingled, but they are mostly thatched, as shingles come high in this part of the country. The buildings used by the Metho- dists for the boarding school are nicely located on a large point at Rossville, on the reserve, and make a good appearance. The main building has dining-room, two play- rooms, kitchen, principal's apartments, some small rooms for staff and separate dormi- tories for boys and girls. They are cramped for room at the present time, but are now preparing to build an addition at a cost of about $800, in which there will be a sick ward, an accommodation for the staff, this will give them much needed accommodation. The principal. Rev. J. A. G. Lousley, has also just about completed a new log stable, 28 X 30, all manufactured by himself and boys out of the rough material. There is a good day school at Rossville as well as one the same size belonging to the boarding school. Stock. — There is very little stock on this reserve, the reason being the difficulty of getting hay. All the hay harvested last year, one hundred and ninety-six loads (each load about half a ton), was cut in the water and put on the rocks to cure. Only thirty- five head of stock was reported as being owned by the whole band. Farm Implements. — They have quite a number of ploughs and harrows, and a lot of the smaller implements. Education. — Education is in a forward condition here compared with all the other reserves. The children attending both day and boarding schools make a very creditable showing. They can read plainly, explain the meaning of all the words, and do not drawl the same as most, if not all, the other schools, and this applies to all classes. They also have a good knowledge of arithmetic, and their copy- books are neat and clean, but this good writing is common to all the Indian schools. The staff' of the boarding school at the time of my visit, August 3, consisted of Rev. J. A. G. Lousley, principal. Miss C. A. Yeomans, matron. Miss H. T. Riley, seamstress. Dr. Lilian Yeomans, teacher, and Miss A. Brandon, cook. Fifty-two pupils were in attendance, twenty-four boys and thirty-one girls. They were all neatly dressed, both boys and. girls, and looked as if going to school agreed with them. As well as the ordinary day school education, the girls are taught to sew and knit both by hand and by machine ; they also learn the ordinary care of the house, such as bed-making, sweeping, dusting, etc., and have a further course in the kitchen, are taught how to cook properly the different vegetables and to make cakes and bread. The boys are taught how to make a garden and also the use of all the common tools, which will be useful to them when they leave school. All the children remain away from the regular school a certain proportion of the time, being detailed for work in the institution. The day school taught by Miss Laura R. Lous- ley, and the boarding school by Miss Yeomans are graded and run in connection with one another ; Miss Yeomans takes all the junior classes, while Miss Lously takes the senior. The reserve children outside of the school get the benefit of this grading. During the holidays the children are allowed to go to their homes. Religion. — !N"early all the members of this band are Methodists. They have a fine large parsonage and a capacious church. Rev. Mi*. Nelson is the pastor and he has a very large congregation. The Sunday I was present he preached in English, and Wm. Crate, one of the band, interpreted the sermon into Cree. The boai-ding 27— i— 9 130 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 scliool children looked well as they marched into church all well dressed. They gave the very best attention to the services and were a credit to the principal. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band are a law-abiding and industrious people. They have bought an organ for the Methodist church during the year at a cost of $70 ; this was by private subscription among themselves. Chief Sinclair has a very good organ of his own, and he is going to buy one for the English Church private school that has been started about four miles up the river from Ross- ville. They are progressing in the way of houses, twenty-five new ones are in course of construction on the reserve. One treaty Indian, Willie Moore (if he was seen on the streets of Winnipeg he would be taken for a Scotchman) had over two hundred bushels of potatoes last fall, and expects to have more this present season. Temperance and Morality.— The Indians of this band are among the best in the agency in their dislike of anything approaching immorality or intemperance. General Remarks. — A trader named Dalman, from Selkirk, brought some whisky into the district of Keewatin in August, which had a disastrous effect. The box con- taining the liquor was broken into at Warren's landing; some of it was brought on to the tug Ogema, on Aug. 3, which boat was being sent by the fish company to Rossville with their employees- (who are nearly all treaty Indians) so that they could get their money. There was a drunken row on the boat and James Beecham, a treaty Indian, was knocked down and hurt so badly that he died two days after. John McKay, the engineer on the boat, was the person charged with doing the damage. During the following day, August 4, the mother of the injured young man came to the pay-tent ;ind laid complaint against John McKay for injuring her boy. We sent the constable after McKay ; when he appeared he told us that when the steamer Premier landed at Warren's landing, the day before they came up, thirty-seven bottles of whisky had been stolen off that boat, and he said, ' I got my share.' Further he said that when Beecham was firing, he (McKay) came around to the engine and asked him how things were ; that Beecham called him a vile name, whereupon he gave him a crack, £nd started after him with a stick, but he thinks he was stopped ; and that they were drunk. We got the doctor's report, which did not lead us to expect a fatal result, the impression left on my mind being that the boy might be laid up for a short time. Our action was (no regular information being laid against McKay) to get McKay to sign qn agreement to the effect that he would support the mother (who is a widow) and Inmily till her son had recovered. The next morning we left for Cross lake, our next point for payment. On Friday, August Y, when on Playgreen lake, returning from Cross lake to Warren's landing, on our way to Little Grand rapids, two Indians met us with a letter from Chief Sinclair, informing us that Beecham was dead. After consultation with Mr. Semmens, we went back to Rossville and got the doctor to hold a post-mortem examination on the body. He found a crack in the skull, and decided that death was caused by that injury. I placed the matter in the hands of IT. M. Howell, K.C., who happened to be spending the summer in the vicinity of ]!^orway House ; Mr. J. K. McDonald, a justice of the peace for the district of Keewatin, happened to be at Norway House ; I laid an information before him charging McKay with the killing of Beecham. I then had a constable sworn in, and took him along with me in the tug Keewatin, to Warren's landing. On Sunday, August 9, McKay was arrested, and I had him taken back to Norway House, where we held the preliminary examination before Mr. McDonald. Mr. Howell acted for the crown, and I must here express my appreciation of his services. After hearing the evidence, the prisoner was committed to stand his trial, and was sent into the jail at Winnipeg. We sent Mr. E. Mclvor, who was our white constable at the treaty payments, in charge of the prisoner McKay. While I was away after McKay, Mr. Semmens had Dalman arrested, as information was laid against him for selling liquor to Indians. All the evidence produced was that he had sold one bottle of whisky. Mr. Semmens fined him $100 and took away his license to trade with the Indians. Shortly after my return from completing the pay i LAKE WINNIPEG AND RAT PORTAGE INSPECTORATE 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 meiits, 1 received a letter from Howell, Mathers & llowell, telling me that the time for the trial had been set and asking me to accompany them to Norway House. I submitted the letter to the Hon. David Laird, and by his letter, 59-28, of date Sept. 5, 1903, he approved of my going, and authorized me to make necessary arrangements to be present at the trial. The trial was held and McKay was acquitted. The jury was composed of two white men and four half-breeds, and though in my opinion the evidence was quite strong enough to convict, the jury seemed to take the view of its being a drunken row ; sympathy with the prisoner's wife and family also had quite an effect. Some examination of these boats should be made to prevent this whisky getting into the district of Keewatin. CROSS LAKE BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on Cross lake, about seventy miles down the Nelson river. There is a good deal of rock in this countiy and all the garden patches are just pockets among the rocks. There is any quantity of bush suitable for fire- wood, but trees big enough for lumber ai-e the exception. The area of the reserve is seven thousand seven hundred and sixty acres, of which a great portion is swamp. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are also Crees, with an admixture of white blood. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band consists of seventy-seven men, ninety-one women, seventy-eight boys and eighty -two girls, in all three hundred and twenty-eight people. There wei^e seventeen births and eleven deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — This appears to be a healthy band, very little complaint was made, and only a visit from a doctor once a year. The houses are of log, with thatched roofs, and are the poorest yet seen in the agencj-. Resources and Occupations. — Fishing for sale and home consumption is one of the main summer occupations. Ewing & Fryer have a small gasoline tug running on this lake and they buy sturgeon from the Indians, the price this last summer being seventy-five cents each, and even at that price the Indians made quite a sum of money. They also do a good deal of hunting for fur in the winter-time, and as a rule do well. The Hudson's Bay Company has a post here and there is opposition in a Mr. Hyer, who keeps a store and does quite a business in fur. The Indians raised last year six hundred and twenty-one bushels of potatoes, which was quite a help ; and their gar- dens look fairly well this year. Buildings. — The houses are of logs and very little different in appearance from the reserve at Norway House, only there are not as many shingled roofs. The log school- house is in an unfinished state, and a sheeting of boards, or lath and plaster, would improve its appearance. The Methodist church is a log building. The Roman Catho- lics have built a very fine chui'ch w'ith a house for the priest. The Father in charge tells me their buildings cost $2,600, and they are about half paid for. They have a school-building- also. Stock. — They keep stock on this reserve to a veiy limited extent, and from what I heard and saw, there is not likely to be much change ; want of hay is the trouble. There were only two. cows reported and no other stock. Farm Implements. — I saw two ploughs on this reserve, one of them lay in a fence corner and was in fair order; the other was outdoors, just behind the school-house. The handles were rotted off, and yet the plough had never been used. The present chief could not give me the date when it had arrived on the reserve. Education.- — There has been no teacher on this reserve for some time, and at the band meeting a desire was expressed that a teacher should bo sent as soon as possible. Religion. — The members of this band are divided between the Methodist and Ro- man Catholic Churches. The latter denomination is endeavouring to make its people contribute to the support of the church, and I have the best authority for saying that the Roman Catholic members of this band contributed last year one hundred and 27— i— 9i 132 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 twenty-five ininl<;-skins to assist in maintaining the mission. The benefits conferred by religion can be noticed in these people, in their general conduct and every-day life. When coming back from the trial of McKay on September 21 our party had to get a York-boat and crew from the Pludson's Bay Company to take us to Warren's landing, twenty-four miles, to catch the steamer Premier, which sailed early in the morning, necessitating our leaving Norway House at six in the evening. Chief Koss, of the Cross Lake band, happened to be at Norway House with two York-boat crews. He agreed to take us up, and picked a crew. When we got about half way to where the east branch of the Nelson river opens out into Playgreen lake, the trip appeared to be a dangerous one, as it was both dark and windy. About ten o'clock our Indian crew of eleven men went ashore on an island to make a cup of tea, our court party also had a lunch. When this was over, we went on board ; our Indians remained be- hind. Noticing this, we looked up on the bank and there surrounding the fire were our men on their knees, and one of them was offering up prayer. We sailed through safely and arrived a short time after midnight, and very glad were we to get through. Temperance and Morality. — Very little liquor gets through to this reserve and in consequence the Indians are temperate. The morals of the band are fair, a few cases of immorality were brought to my attention. Last winter they killed, without au- thority, an ox that had been given them by the department. Before payment started, the chief told us about it and gave me a list of the people who had a share of the ox and asked us to retain $1 from each. I collected $Y3 and handed it over to Mr. Sem- mens, who will buy two steers and send them up to replace the ox. No member of the band objected to this assessment, LITTLE GRAND RAPIDS BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated about one hundred and thirty miles up the Berens river. There is plenty of rock and also plenty of pockets of good land. The area is four thousand nine hundred and twenty acres. Tribe. — The members of this band are Ojibbewas, and they have some relatives in the Lac Seul band, Savanne agency. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band consists of twenty-six men, thirty- four women, forty-nine boys and twenty-eight girls, a total of one hundred and thirty- seven. There were seven births and one death during the year. Health and Sanitation. — This is a healthy band. I never saw a finer or a healthier lot of children than in this band ; they live mostly in tents. Eesources and Occupations. — They depend altogether on fur to procure them cloth- ing and groceries. They have plenty of fish and small game so they are never at a loss for something to eat. There is a Hudson's Bay post here, and most of the Indians work for that company, directly or indirectly. Last year they raised ninety-one bushels of potatoes. Buildings. — There are very few houses on this reserve. The Indians would like to assist in building a school at some central point. Stock. — The Indians of this reserve have no stock. At a band meeting they ex- pressed a desire to have a two-year-old heifer and a yearling bull sent to them so as to enable them to make a fresh start. Farm Implements. — They have some garden tools, such as rakes, hoes and spades, which they use in their gardens. Education. — This band has no school, but expressed a very strong desire to have one started. They say a school would be well attended during the months of May, June, July and August ; the remainder of the year they are away hunting. They would like a male teacher who understands their language. Here is a chance for one of the industrial school boys. Religion. — Two-thirds of these Indians are Methodists, the rest being pagans. The missionary from Berens River visits them occasionally. I LAKE WINNIPEG AND RAT PORTAGE INSPECTORATE 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Characteristics and Progress. — The members of this band are not making much progress. They have plenty to eat and drink and are well clothed. The acting councillor informed me that they do not want to change their reserve, as they can do well where they are. On inquiry later, I found that the chief, Jacob Berens, desires this band to change to where the Pigeon river empties into Lake Winnipeg. Temperance and Morality. — !N^one of the Indians of this band have much chance to taste liquor, they are so far inland. They are a fairly moral people, and have very little contact with the whites, outside of the Hudson's Bay Company's officials. General Eemarks. — I was congratulated by the acting councillor and band on being the first inspector they had seen at Little Grand Rapids. We made the trip in canoes ; it took nearly four days, and we had to unload and portage everything thirty-nine times, besides we tracked the canoes up five or six more rapids. There are fifty-two rapids between Berens River reserve and this one. PEKANGEKUM BAND. This reserve is situated about one hundred miles east of Little Grand Rapids, on the Berens river. The heads of the families came down there to meet us, and we paid them at that point. The population consists of twenty men, twenty-six women, thirty boys and thirty-seven girls, a total of one hundred and thirteen people. There were seven births and one death during the year. They report having raised three hundred and fifty-one bushels of potatoes, and having i^lenty of fish and garae during the year. The Hudson's Bay Company gives employment to most of these people. They are nearly all pagans. They ask that a councillor be appointed so that they will have some one they can hold responsible for the proper division of the supplies that are sent to the destitute by the department. AGENCY OFFICE. I inspected the ofiice at Selkirk, of the Rev. John bemmens, agent for Clandeboye, and acting agent for the Berens River agency. The books and files are neatly and correctly kept, and Mr. Semmens seems to be in touch with every department of the two agencies. The office building is a good one and suitable for the purpose. GENERAL REMARKS. I left Stonewall on Monday, July 6, and got back on Thursday, August 27, being absent just fifty-three days. Having only a sail-boat, we found it impossible to reach all of the different agencies on the dates fixed by the Indian Commissioner. We were two days late at Bloodvein reserve and wound up eleven days late at Little Grand Rapids reserve, the Norway House trouble accounting for four days of this delay. I have, &c,, S. J, JACKSOX, Inspector of Indian Agencies. 134 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Northwest Territories, ASSINIBOIA — ASSINIBOINE AgENCY, SiNTALUTA, August 15, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended June 30, iP03, accompanied by statistical statement and inventory of government property under my charge. ASSINIBOINE BAND, NO. 76. Reserve. — The reserve is a block of land, in size nine bj'^ eight miles, situated jibout eight miles south of the village of Sintaluta on the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway. The rese.rve is undulating and is partially wooded with a healthy growth of young timber. Resources. — The natural resources of the reserve are wood and hay ; also a little sc-nega-root. Tribe. — These Indians are Assiniboines, and are closely allied to the great Sioux tribe in language and customs. They are also known by the name of ' Stonies.' Population. — The population is two hundred and eleven, being an increase of one since last year. There are several absentees in the United States. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians on this reserve has been goo'3 during the past year. Dr. Boujou attends whenever wanted, and is very attentive to their necessities. There are a few of the older Indians who have no idea, of hygienic rules, and it is difficult to impress upon them the advantage of keeping themselves arid their dwellings in a cleanly condition. Most of the Indians, however, are begin- ning to see the value of good airy buildings, and are advancing in that direction as much as their means will allow them. Occupations. — About twenty families are engaged in farming and stock-raising, others work for settlers, sell fire-wood, feaioe pickets, and hay, while the women make something towards their support by tanning hides, knitting, &c. Buildings. — The buildings are all of logs, but those who are able to afford it have shingled roofs; such buildings are on the increase, as the Indians advance in their condition. All have board floors. Their stables are as good as they can malvc, with the material at their disposal, as the timber being small, they cannot get large logs. Most of the stables are, however, very comfortable, and they manage to bring their stock through the winter just as well as if they had brick bams. Stock. — Considering the difficulty in the past of getting these Indians to take inloivst in cattle, there is a good deal of improvement to chroni^,lo. The herd has doubled in the last few years, there being now two hundred head, and the natural in- crease was most satisfactory, there being forty-eight calves from fifty-two cows. I might mention that, besides the healthy increase in the cattle, the Indians have also supplied from their cattle the beef required for the reserve. Implements. — The Indians take good care of their tools and implements, and are constantly adding to their number, as their means permit. The following is a list of the principal implements, etc., purchased by the Indians out of their earnings during the year : two binders, seven mowers, one seeder, two heavy wagons, one democrat-wagon, two thoxisand five hundred pounds of wire for fencing, one force-pump and one hundred feet of piping, also a numerous lot of use- i ASSINIBOINE AGENCY, N.W.T. 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ful. articles such as axes, shovels, spades, hay-forks, hay-knives and household furni- ture, &c. Religion. — The Presbyterians have a very substantial stone building where service is held every Sunday. The attendance is variable at times, but on the whole may be considered good. A quantity of good warm clothing is distributed every fall to the ag-ed and infirm, which is very acceptable to these poor people. The Roman Catholics have also a frame building near the agency headquarters for service, which is used occasionally. Characteristics and Progress.— The progress of the Indians on this reserve has been most encouraging and more particularly in the case of several of the young men. The following are distinguished for progress during the year : Daniel Kennedy has fifty- six acres of wheat and eight of oats, also ten head of cattle; Chas. Rider has thirty- seven acres of wheat and eight of oats ; Oaksheppy has twenty acres of wheat and five of oats ; Medicine Rope has twenty-seven acres of wheat and. three of oats ; Frank Risingsun has twenty-four acres of wheat ; Wesecan has twenty-three acres of wheat. Daniel Kennedy, who is an ex-pupil of the Qu'Appelle industrial school, went for examination for an engineer's certificate and passed with flying colours. I was told by the examining inspector that his answers were equal to the best that he had examined. Among the other graduates of the schools I beg to mention the following as doing well on the reserve : Clara Williams, a graduate of Regina school, who was two years as assistant matron at the Presbyterian Home at Alberni, B. C, where she gave excellent service ; William Grant, a son of Chief Carry-the-Kettle, and also a gradu- ate of Regina industrial school. This young man is employed as interpreter for the agency and gives satisfaction by his honesty and industiy. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians do not go after liquor, there are a few that would take it probably if it was oifered, but on the whole their conduct in this particular is commendable. With regard to morality, while there are one or two who may be considered some- what " shady,' yet taking the band a^ a whole they are well-behaved. General Remarks. — The prospects for a splendid crop are at present very bright indeed, and should no accidents happen, it will be by far the largest ever gathered in the history of the reserve. This combined with the fact that we have now (through the kindness of the department) a threshing outfit of our own, will be a great encour- agement for further efi^orts. In the past the threshing was, very discouraging, as we had to wait till every one else was done. The reserve was inspected by Inspector Leveque last March, and he appeared pleased with what he saw. I beg to thank the department for the assistance it has generously granted, which has been a great help to the Indians. The agent's house has been refloored and the agency buildings fi*e?hly painted, and other minor repairs made where most required. SIOUX (mogsejaav). e These Indians still continue to make a living around Moosejaw and vicinity. They do not, however, get anything ahead and are not making any improvement. They would do better if they could be persuaded to go to some place where they could make permanent improvements. I have, &c., THOS. W. ASPDIN, Indian Agent. 136 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Northwest Territories, Battleford Agency, Battleford, September 1, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the affairs of the Battle- ford agency for the fiscal year ended June 30 last. This agency comprises seven reserves, situated at distances of from fourteen to forty-four miles from the town of Battleford. The buildings of the agency headquarters are coi^iveniently and centrally located on the Battle river, about two miles south of the town. RED PHEASANT BAND. Reserve. — This reserve consists of twenty-four thousand three hundred and twenty acres, and is located twenty-two miles southeast from Battleford in the Eagle hills. Tribe and Population. — These Indians are Crees, and number forty men, forty-one women, thirty-seven boys and thirty-five girls, making a total of one hundred and fifty- three. Resources and Occupations. — This reserve is adapted for the growing of barley and oats, but, owing to its situation and liability to summer frosts, is unsuitable for raising wheat. Hay is plentiful, water easily obtainable and the soil is good ; wood is scarce, on account of having been consumed, some years ago, by prairie fires. Raising live stock is the principal industry of these Indians, although they have, in the past year, earned quite a lot of money by freighting, working for farmers, catch- ing musk-rats and burning lime and charcoal. The crops on this reserve were fairly good last season. Stock. — The cattle belonging to this band number four hundred and thirteen head. These Indians are good stockmen and look after their cattle properly. Farm Implements. — A good proportion of this band own complete outfits of imple- ments, which they have acquired through their industry, and, consequently, they take very good care of them. Education. — There is a day school (Church of England) on this reserve under the charge of Mrs. Jefferson. The attendance is large and very regular. Good pro- gress has been made during the past year, as the teacher is well qualified, and the child- ren appear to be much interested in their studies and work. Religion. — The majority of this band belong to the Church of England ; the rest are Roman Catholics. Regular services are held in the mission church on this reserve by the Rev. Mr. Inkster. Characteristics and Progress. — Taken as a whole these Indians are very industrious, and are keenly alive to the value of dollars and cents, which is a long stride towards civilization ; they live much more comfortably now than in the past, and i:} conse- quence are healthier and much improved in appearance. Their morals are fairly good and temperance laws are observed. SWEET GRASS BAND. Reserve. — This reserve has an area of forty-two thousand five hundred and twenty- eight acres, and is located on the south side of Battle river, twenty miles west of Bat- tleford. i BATTLEFOHD AGEXGY, N.W.T. 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Tribe and Popiilation. — These Indiane are Crees. There are twenty-one men, thirty- two women, seventeen boys and fourteen girls, making a total of eighty-four. Resources and Occupations. — This reserve is well adapted for the raising of grain, and also sufficient hay for quite a number of stock. Enough wheat was raised last year to provide these Indians with flour. They were also able to sell wheat and oats and had sufficient grain to feed a number of piga for their own consumption. Some money was also derived from the sale of lime and chai'coal. Stock. — The stock here is of splendid quality, and, besides keeping all the men busily occupied looking after them, provides for the band. Farm Implements. — I may say that nearly every family of this band possesses a full complement of farm implements, of which they take very good care. Education. — There is no day school on this reserve, it having been closed per- manently on account of the want of children, but the boarding and indiistrial schools in this district have ample accommodation for any children who are of school age on this reserve. Religion. — Xearly all these Indians are Christians, belonging to either the Roman Catholic or Anglican Churches; the others are pagans, but I am glad to say that the latter class are diminishing. Characteristics and Progress. — The morals of these Indians are fiilly up to the usual standard of their kind ; and they seem earnest in their endeavour to make a living for themselves. POUNDMAKER AND LITTLE PINE BANDS. Reserves. — These two reserves, which join each other, are situated on the south side of Battle river, about forty miles west of Battleford ; they contain thirty-five thousand two hundred acres. Both these reserves are especially well adapted for the raising of grain. Tribes and Population. — All these Indians are Crees. There are fifty-five men, sixty women, fifty-nine boys, and forty girls, making a total of two hundred and fourteen in all. Resources and Occupations. — As stated before, these reserves are well situated for raising all kinds of grain, a fact of which the Indians take full advantage, so that, unless they encounter an unusually bad season, they will be able to provide them- selves with all the flour they require. Stock. — The Indians of these bands have a large number of cattle, which they look after very carefully ; although there is not nearly enough haj on the reserves for their cattle, they have hitherto been able to secure enough outside, on the vacant lands, for their use ; but now that these lands are being rapidly settled upon, some other means of procuring hay will have to be devised. Sheep and pigs are also raised very successfully by these bands. Farm Implements. — All implements are well looked after, and kept in good repair. They possess a goodly number of wagons, binders, mowers, rakes, ploughs, «nd other implements, all of which have been purchased by their own money. Education. — There are two day schools here, one on Poimdmaker reserve, con- ducted under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church ; and one on Little Pine reserve, under the Church of England. Both of these schools have a fair attendance, and the progress made is very credit- able to teachers and pupils alike. Religion. — There are a few pagans in these bands, but the greater number belong to the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches. Characteristics and Progress. — These people are very industrious and steady in their habits ; they are also thrifty, and ambitious to become self-sustaining. Their morals are fully up to the standard of the average white people. 138 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 STONY BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated fourteen miles south of Battleford. It con- l.-iins forty-six thousand two hundred and eight acres. Tribe and Population. — These people are all Stonies. They nmnber twenty-two men, twenty-seven women, sixteen boys and eight girls, making a total of seventy-three souls. Resources and Occupations. — On account of the liability to summer frosts, this reserve is not at all suited for growing wheat, but oats and barley api>ear to do well here. There is an abundance of hay and water, which makes it splendid for raising stock. As there was a great demand for freighters during the last spring, these Indians took advantage of the prevailing high rates and made quite a snug little sum for them- selves, which they expended in implements, clothing, seed and provisions. They also haul fire-wood into town, and earn a good deal of money trapping musk-rats and other small fur-bearing animals. Stock. — The cattle on this reserve are very well looked after, and as they always have a bountiful supply of hay, they are well wintered and kept in prime condition. Farm Implements, — These people have a good equipment of wagons, sleighs, mowers, rakes, ploughs, harrows and other implements they may require, and they are very careful in properly looking after them. Education. — A day school, under the management of the Church of England au- thorities, was opened on this reserve last spring. The attendance so far has been very meagre and not at all up to what was expected it would be ; but I trust that we may in the future be able to improve this condition of affairs. Religion. — The majority of these Indians are sun-worshippers ; there are, how- ever, a few who profess Christianity and are nominal members of the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches. MOOSOMIN AND THUNDERCHILD BANDS. Reserves. — ^Moosomin reserve is twelve miles west of Battleford ; it contains four- teen thousand seven hundred and twenty acres. Thunderchild reserve adjoins that of Moosorain, and is eighteen miles west of Battleford ; it comprises fifteen thousand three hundred and sixty acres, on the south side of the North Saskatchewan river, and five thousand four hundred and forty acres on the north side of the same river. In addition to these reserves there is a hay marsh for both of these bands, of nine hundred and sixty acres, at Round hill, twenty miles northeast of Battleford. Both of these reserves belong to these bands, are very well adapted for mixed farming, and have a good supply of growing timber in poplar. Resources and Occupations. — Some lime and charcoal are sold every year ; they also sell a fair amount of dry fire-wood to the townspeople, work for settlers, do a good deal of freighting, besides which they are very successful farmers and stock-raisers. Tribe and Popvdation. — These Indians are mainly of the Cree tribe, although there are a few Saulteaux scattered amongst them. In Moosomin band there are twenty-four men, thirty women, twenty-seven boys and twenty-seven girls, making a total of one hundred and eight. Thunderchild band consists of thirty-nine men, forty-one women, twenty-nine boys and twenty-four girls, a total of one hundred and thirty-three. The combined population of these two bands is therefore two hundred and forty- one. Stock. — The cattle belonging to these bands came through the winter with practi- cally speaking no loss whatever, and are in fine condition. BATTLEFORB AGENCY, N.W.T. 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Farm Implements. — These bands are pretty well supplied with all the necessary farm implements, which they use and care for in a very satisfactory manner. Education. — A day school, conducted under the management of the Church of England authorities, is situated on the Thunderchild reserve ; the attendance is small but I am glad to say that the children have made more progress than last year. There is also a boarding school adjoining the Thunderchild reserve ; it is under the management of the Roman Catholic Church, and is conducted by the Sisters of the Assumption. The advancement shown by the pupils of this school is surprising ; this institution itself is a model of cleanliness, order and comfort ; and the children have been transformed from dirty, unkempt little urchins, into neat intelligent and healthy-looking boys and girls ;*all this change and impi^ovement is due to the un- tiring efforts and devotion of these reverend sisters, for the betterment, spiritually and temporarily, of the Indians. The present attendance at this school is nineteen ; but the authorized number is onljr fifteen ; they have accommodation for more, and in view of the splendid work being done among the Indians and their children by this institution, it would be for the Indians' benefit to increase the number. Religion. — Services are regularly held in the Church of England day school, and at the Roman Catholic mission, adjoining Thunderchild reserve. Both places of worship have their regular attendants, and are doing good work. There is still a small number of pagans who will never change their views of religion, any more thali they will change their eolour. Characteristics and Progress. — These people are striving earnestly to better their condition ; they are making considerable progress, both morally and financialh^ and are industrious and temperate. Miscellaneous. — A new farmer was appointed for the Thunderchild band last spring, so that now pach of these bands has its own instructor. This was a move in the right direction, as one man could not possibly get over the large area of ground to be covered, between the different hay camps, and the reserves. I trust that the improvement shown in the condition of these two bands in the future will amply repay the department for the outlay. As these bands are now under different management, they will be reported upon ioparately next year. REMARKS APPLYING TO THE WHOLE AGENCY. Vital Statistics.— The number of Indians paid this year was seven hundred and sixty-five, being an increase of eleven over the number paid last year. There were forty-one births and forty-six deaths during the fiscal year. Health and Sanitation.— Taken as a whole, the health of the Indians has been fairly satisfactory, the deaths having principally been among the old people, and some weakly children. ISTo epidemic has occurred among our Indians during the past \ear. Last spring an outbreak of small-pox took place among the Saulteaux at Birch and Turtle lakes. I am thankful to say, however, that this dread disease did not si)read to our Indians. During the sickness among the Saulteaux they were unable to hunt or fish, so they were pi-ovided with food from our agency storehouse, until they were fully re- covered and again able to make their own living. Stock. — The Indians are very proud of their cattle, and they have just cause for being so, as they are a remarkably fine lot of animals ; they number nineteen hundred and seventy-one head. The calves are strong and healthy ; the natural increase this year will be over four hundred. The sheep and pigs are doing well, and are a constant source of revenue and food to the Indians. 140 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Horses are, in the majority of cases, of a poor class ; but I am glad to say tliey are gradually improving in weight and quality. Characteristics and Progress. — A marked improvement is slowly, but surely, tak- ing place among these Indians ; they are becoming more thrifty, cleanly and orderly in their mode of living ; since my report of last year, they have purchased, out of the proceeds of the sale of their beef, cattle and their own earnings, the following, viz., twenty-six wagons, eight mowers, four rakes, two binders, eleven ploughs, eleven sets of bob-sleighs, one disc-harrow, two sets of drag-harrows and twenty-six sets of har- ness. They raised and threshed last year twenty-seven thousand and eighty-nine bushels of grain ; and put up three thousand nine hundred and twenty-six tons of hay ; so that I think I am safe in saying that distinct progress has been shown for the past year. Temperance and Morality. — Very few cases of immorality have come to my notice, and these have been promptly suppressed as far as was possible. As for temperance I may say that every effort has been used to put a stop to the illegal supply of liquor to the very few Indians who are fond of the seductive but fiery beverage ; there were, however, some half-dozen cases, which were detected and promptly punished, the fines of which aggregated $445. I think this was a good lesson to these breakers of the law, and that it will put a most effective stop to this kind of nuisance. Miscellaneous. — The boundary lines of all the different reserves were surveyed this summer and new posts and mounds put in. This was very necessary, on account of the large influx of new settlers, and as the lines were choked with the growth of tim- ber and were undiscernibie. I may say that all the members of the staff have rendered me loyal service in their duties of carrying on the work of this agency. I have, &c., J. P. G. DAY, Indian Agent. Northwest Superintendency, BiRTLE Agency, BiRTLE, Man,, August 25, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to forward my annual report of this agency, together with agricultural and industrial statistics, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Headquarters. — The headquarters of this agency are located in the town of Birtle, which is on the northwestern branch of the Canadian Pacific railway. The Birdtail creek runs westerly through the town. Tribes. — This agency comprises nine reserves, and five are occupied by the Sault- eaux and four by the Sioux. The Dakotas, or Sioux, receive no annuity, but were given reserves and assistance in cattle and a few farm implements, so as to enable them 10 make their own living in farming and cattle-raising, which the majority are doing fairly well. i HI RTLt: AGENCY, X.W.T. 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The Saulteaux are a branch of the Ojibbewa tribe. These are the treaty Indians proper. They receive an annuity of $5 each and each chief $25, and headmen or councillors $15. BIRDTAIL SIOUX BAND, NO. 57. Reserve. — This reserve has an area of six thousand four hundred acres and is located at the junction of the Birdtail creek and the Assiniboine river. The land is a light loam and well adapted for grain-growing and root crops. The land in the valley is suitable for grain-growing, being heavier soil than the upland. The hay supply is secured in the valleys along the Assiniboine river and Birdtail creek. Dur- ing dry seasons the hay-supply is limited, but sufficient is secured, along with the wheat and oat straw saved after the harvest, to supply their cattle with feed during the winter months. There are about six hundred acres in wood, mostly scrub, consisting of oak, maple &nd small poplar. The Assiniboine river borders the south and west and the Birdtail creek runs through the northwest portion of the reserve. OAK RIVER SIOUX BAND, NO. 58. This reserve has an area of nine thousand seven hundred acres, and is located about six miles north from Griswold, a town situated on the main line of the Cana- dian Pacific railway. The soil is a mixture of light and heavj- loam and is well adapted for the raising of grain and roots of all kinds. On some of the hills the land is stony and sandy and is suitable for pasture. Th§re is about one thousand acres in wood, mostly elm, oak and poplar ; with the exception of elm, the growth is small. The Oak river runs through the northeast corner, and empties into the As- siniboine river. OAK LAKE SIOUX BAND, NO. 59. Reserve. — This reserve has an area of two thousand five hundred acres, and is located about four miles north of Pipestone, a small town on a branch of the Canadian Pacific railway. The soil is a sandy loam and there are about one thousand and fifty acres suitable for cultivation. There are about one hundred and fiftj- acres in wood, pi'incipally ash, elm, maple and poplar, and one thousand and fifty acres in hay-lands. The Pipestone creek flows through the eastern portion of the reserve. TURTLE MOUNTAIN SIOUX BAND, NO. 60. Reserve. — This reserve has an area of six hundred and forty acres, and is located on the northern base of the Turtle mountains. There are ten acres in wood and the remainder is suitable for cultivation and pasture-land. Deloraine, a 'small town on a branch of the Canadian Pacific railway, is the nearest town and post oifice. keeseekoowenin's band, no. 61. Reserve. — This reserve is located on the Little Saskatchewan river, and on the southern base of the Riding moiintains, and has an area of six thousand four hundred and forty ac^es. The Indians of this reserve have also a fishing station on the north- ern shores of Clenrwat?r lake, about twelve miles northeast of the reserve. The soil is a rich black loam and suitable for raising grain of all kinds and root crops. In the flats along the river there are large hay meadows irrigated by the Little Saskatchewan river, which runs through the reserve from north to south. The reserve is well adapted for raising stock. There are niimerous small lakes and ponds on this reserve. 142 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 There are one thousand acres in wood, mostly small poplar. Fii-es have destroyed most of the large timber. The Canadian Northern railway, from Neepawa, now runs through the southeast corner of the reserve. There will probably be a small town located in the vicinity of the reserve, in the near future. Strathclair is the nearest town to the reserve, being located ten miles south, on the Northwestern branch of the Canadian Pacific railway. WAYWAYSEECAPPO'S BAND, NO. 62. This reserve has an area of twenty-four thousand nine hundred and sixty acres and is located about fifteen miles in a northeasterly direction from Birtle, and on the Birdtail creek, which I'uns through the northeast corner of the resei-\'e. In the south- ern and western portions there are numerous lakes, ponds and hay meadows. The soil is a heavy, black loam and suitable for raising grain and root crops, and an ideal reserve for raising stock. Rossburn is the nearest village to the reserve, being about five miles east. VALLEY RIVER BAND, NO. 62^. This reserve has an area of eleven thousand six hundred and eighty acres and is located at the junction of the Valley river and Short creek and about fifteen miles west of Grand View, a small town on the Canadian Northern railway. The soil is a light loam and the pasture good and most suitable for raising stock. There are about two thousand four hundred and sixty acres in wood, mostly spruce and poplar. Eire has done great damage to the timber on this reserve. There is still good timber! on the reserve suitable for building purposes, railway ties, etc., also large quantities of fire-wood. There are a number of hay meadows along the Short creek and sloughs on the reserve, from which the Indians obtain their supply of hay. The Canadian Northern railway from Grand View, now runs through the reserve for a distance of about seven miles. A station is to be built on the reserve. Owing to the rough nature of the surrounding country, it is doubtful if a town will be located here. The lumber industry is quite active in the vicinity of the reserve. gambler's band, no. 63. This reserve has an area of eight hundred and twenty-five acres and is situated on Silver creek, which is on the east side of the Assiniboine river and about five miles southwest from Binscarth, a small town on a branch of the Canadian Pacific railway. The soil is a black loam with poplar bluffs and some scrub oak. The soil is well adapted for raising grain and root crops. ROLLING RIVER BAND, NO. 67. Reserve. — This reserve has an area of twelve thousand eight hundred acres and is located about eight miles north of Basswood, a small town on a branch of the Cana- dian Pacific railway. The reserve is undulating with a great deal of poplar and wil- low bush, burnt in patches. There are numerous lakes (four of which contain fish)7 ponds and hay meadows. The soil is a rich black loam suitable for grain-growing. Th^re are four thousand five hundred acres in wood. The Rolling river runs through the eastern portion of the reserve from north to south. The branch line from Neepawa, of the Canadian Northern railway, runs past the northern boundary of the reserve. Vital Statistics. — The combined population of the bands in this agency is as fol- lows : two hundred and thirt.v-one men, two hundred and seventy-five women, and thr^^o hundred and eighty-four young people under twenty-one years of age. There was a i BIRTLE AGESCY, N.W.T. 143 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 decrease in the population, during the year, of twelve, accounted for as follows : thirty- five births and thirty-nine deaths; twenty-nine joined this agency, transfers from other reserves, and thirty-seven left this agency, transfers to Portage la Prairie and Crooked Lake agencies. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians during the year has been fairly good, although measles broke out, and was accountable for the death of a number of the children of the Oak River Sioux band. Typhoid fever on the Waywayseecappo's reserve is accountable for the death of several adults there. There have been the usual cases of consumption and scrofula. The Indians have been repeatedly warned that all soiled linen used on scrofulous running sores must be burned, and sores kept clean. There is improvement in this line, but a number are quite careless, and do not realize this danger. The habit of expectorating on the floors of their houses has, to a great extent, been given up ; spittoons are now a, necessary article of furniture in every house. The sanitary condition of all the reserves in this agency is good ; all the refuse that accumulates during the winter months is raked up. in the spring and burned. The dwellings of the Indians in this agency are kept clean and tidij ; some of the house are exceptionally tidy and compare favourably with the average well-to-do white settler's. Resources and Ocupations. — The Sioux Indians, living- on the Birdtail, Oak River and Oak Lake reserves, earn their living principally by farming, having this season three thousand four hundred and eighty-eight and a quarter acres in crop, in wheat, oats, corn, potatoes and other garden roots. The prospects for a bountiful harvest are very bright. They add to their earnings by the sale of cattle, ponies, fish, wild fruits, baskets, bead-work and mats, which they sell to the merchants and white settlers in the vicinity of their resei'ves. Over <$2,000 for wild fruits alone wull be earned by tne Oak River Sioux Indians this season. The Saulteaux Indians are not expert farmers, like their Sioux brothers, but are improving slowly along that line. They earn their living by farming in a small way, fishing, hunting, cattle-raising, by the sale of wood, haj-, baskets, mats, senega-root, and working on the river-drives and for farmers in the vicinity of their reserves. A few of the Indians raise their own pork ; this industry could be of great advantage to them, but their roaming habits during the summer months constitute one of the greatest draw-backs we have to contend against. Buildings. — In this agency there are a number of frame houses on stone founda- tions, with upstairs apartments and kitchens attached. There are also a few frame stables and a number of granaries. There are also good log houses with shingled roofs, upstairs apartments, good floors, windows and doors. Mo^t of the houses have fairly good furniture. The progress in. house-improvement has been satis- factory. The new houses erected are large and more comfortable and are now taking the place of the old-time mud-roofed shanties, which are fast disappearing. Stock. — The cattle on all the reserves are in good condition. The thoroughbred bulls were well looked after during the winter months ; the Indians on the whole take good care of their animals. The necessity for a good-sized horse, to do the ploughing and seeding required, is now realized by them, and quite a number have purchased, . during the year, good-sized horses, suitable for this purpose. The past winter was very favourable for stock. Farm Implements. — The Indians on the difl'erent reserves have added greatly to their stock of implements, having purchased during the year, ploughs, both sulky and gang, disc-harrows, seed-drills, a land-roller, binders, horse-rakes and a steam thresh- ing-machine, also lumber wagons and bob-sleighs. The Oak River and Birdtail Sioux Indians have each a steam thresher, paid for out of their own earnings. The different reserves in this agency are well equipped with all farm implements required, according to the acreage broken, for cultivating the soil and harvesting their crop. Education. — There are two schools in this agency, one day school and one board- ing school. The day school isi on the Keeseekoowenin reserve and is called the Okanase day school. It is fairly well attended. The pupils are bright, and should 144 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 make progress. The teacher, Mr. McPherson, has resigned, and Mr. Macalister has been appointed in his place. The boarding school is located in the town of Birtle. It has an attendance of forty-five resident pupils. The progress made is fair. The girl pupils are taught general housework ; some are very apt to learn, and will be a credit to the school, while others are indifferent and do not seem to realize that all the care and tuition given to them by their instructors is for their benefit, and should be taken advantage of by them. The boys are taught gardening and the care of stock. There are about six acres attached to the school for gardening purposes. Children from this agency also attend the Kegina, Elkhorn, Brandon and Qu'Appelle industrial schools, and the Pine Creek and Cowessess boarding schools. The Indians as a whole are not interested in the education of their children. They object to the distance the schools are from their reserves, and the length of time the children have to stay, hav- ing once entered. Eeligion. — All the reserves in this agency, with the exception of the Valley River reserve, receive spiritual , instruction from missionaries. Services are held (Presby- terian) regularly on Sundays on the Birdtail Sioux, Oak Lake Sioux, Keeseekoowenin, Waywayseecappo and the Rolling Eiver reserves, and an Anglican service on the Oak Eiver Sioux reserve. The attendance at these services by the Indians of the Birdtail Sioux and Keeseekoowenin reserves is very good, and nearly all the adult members of the band take an interest in the services. On the Waywaj-seecappo reserve very little interest is taken in religious matters. On the Rolling River reserve they are all pagans. The new missionary, in charge, F. O. Gilbart, M.D., who resides on the reserve, is taking a great interest in the work ; religious services are held every Sun- day. He also attends gratis to their bodily wants, and great good should result from his devoted work. On the Oak River Sioux reserve religious services are held every Sunday morning, and in the absence of the missionary, services are held by the native lay reader, Itoyentanka ; the Sunday school is held in the afternoon in the school- house and is presided over by Itoyetanka; quite a number of the young men attend, Birdtail Sioux, Oak Lake Sioux and Waywayseecappo reserves have each a church (Presbyterian) ; Waywayseecappo's has also a Roman Catholic church, but no ser- vices are held by that denomination. The church at Oak River Sioux (Church of England) is on the reserve. Stones are now on the ground, for a new church to be erected on the reserve. The religious services on the Keeseekoowenin and Rolling River reserves are held, the former in the school-house and the latter in the missionary's house. Characteristics and Progress. — Throughout this agency the Indians are progress- ing, and I am very pleased to report that the improvement in the farming line is more than satisfacto^3^ The acreage under crop this year is three thousand four hundred and ninety-two and three-qiiarter acres, an increase over last year of six hundred and eighty-one and three-quarter acres. The grain yield last season, 1902, amounted to sixty thousand and fifty-eight bushels, thresher's measure, an increase over the previous season, 1901, of thirty-four thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine bushels, and over the season of 1900, the very large increase of fifty-two thousand six hundred and fifty- eight bushels. To secure the grain crop in this agency, season 1902, it took a little , over four tons of binder-twine, and it will take about five tons to secure this present season's crop. No rations are issued in this agency, except in cases of ill health where the bread-winner is unable to work. No flour has been asked for, for the present fiscal year, 1903-4, for this agency, as it will not be required. The Indians in this agency, on the whole, are industrious and law-abiding and are becoming well-to-do. As ex- amples of industry I might mention Moses Bunn and Sunka-ho-nahon, of the Birdtail Sioux reserve, who have good dwelling-houses and stables and have all the farm imple- ments required to work their land. They have good horses and cattle and have in crop two hundred and forty and a quarter acres, principally in wheat and oats. They also own a steam threshing outfit, purchased last season at a cost of $1,500. Caske- hanska, Itoyetanka, Wm. Wambdiska, Malpiyaska, Harry Hotanina, Kiny- i BLACKFOOT AGENCY, NW.T. 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 anwakan, Tunkancekiyaiia and Yuhaha of the Oak River Sioux reserve, have good frame houses and stables, two of the stables being frame buildings. They have good farm machinery, good horses and cattle, and have in crop eight hundred and sixty-six and a half acres. The first named Indian, Caskehanska, owns a steam threshing outfit. New houses have been erected on the Oak River vSioux, Birdtail Sioux and Oak Lake Sioux, also on the Waywayseecappo and Rolling River reserves. Other improvements are new stables, granaries and storehouses, erected during the year. The Indians of this agency are to be commended for their industry and good behaviour during the year. Temperance and Morality. — There were several cases of Indians of this agency, members of the Oak River Sioux and Keeseekoowenin bands, being arrested and fined for being drunk. There were several cases against liquor-dealers for selling intoxi- cants to Indians, but we could secure no convictions. ISTo liquor-drinking to my know- ledge is done on their reserves by the Indians. It is only when they visit the towns that they procure liquor, and it is then purchased for them, through the medium of the half-breeds, who are sometimes relatives of the Indians. The numerous fairs hell in the towns during the summer and fall months are a temptation to the Indians, n-; they invariably attend all in the vicinity of their reserves, and those who are addictel to the liquor habit generally manage to get some. It is almost impossible to convict, as the Indians will not identify the seller. The morality of the Indians in this agency I consider good ; of course there are exceptions. The old native custom of sendini:,' away their wives, and taking up others, in their places, when they choose, is still prac- tised on some of the reserves, but I am glad to note that this habit is dying out. Crops. — The weather and soil conditions were favourable this season for plough- ing and seeding. Towards the end of April the weather was cold, with frost, and little growth was apparent. May and June were good growing months and the rain-fall was sufiicient. The prospects for a harvest equal to last year's are very bright. Wheat-cut- ting commenced on August 15 this year, and will be general, with a few exceptions, on the 25th on all the reserves. General Remarks. — This year closed with the Indians on all the reserves being in good circumstances ; advancement on all the reserves has been made in a practical way during the year. The cost to the government (outside of employees' salaries, medicines and medical attendance to the Indians) has been very little. The annual supply of flour formerly received at this agency, is now discontinued. There is only . one farming instructor employed in this agency, who resides on the Oak River Sioux reserve. The annual meeting of the Young Men's Christian Association of the Sioux reserves was held this year on the Oak River Sioux reserve. The services were con- ducted by the Indians themselves and were very successful. The staff consists of the same members as last year, and these are faithful and at- tentive to their duties. I have, &c., G. H. WHEATLEY, Indian Aqcnt. Northwest Territories, Alberta — Blackfoot Agency, Gleichex, July 22, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report relative to the Jndian agency under my charge, together with a statistical statement and inventory of gov- ernment property, for the fiscal year ended June 30 last. 27—1—10 146 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 5 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Reserve. — The Blackfoot reserve comprises about four hundred and seventy square miles, an area of about one-quarter that of Prince Edward Island. It is situated about fifty miles east of the city of Calgary and just south of the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway. Although there is only one reserve and tribe of Indians thereon, at the time of making the treaty there were two head chiefs, occupying territories about ten miles apart. That formerly under the late Chief Crowfoot is located near the principal ford of the Bow river, known as the Blackfoot crossing, and is designated as the Crowfoot, Lower or South Camp, while the other section of the band, which gave adherence to the late Chief Old Sun, is located about ten miles further up the Bow river and is known as the Old Sun, Upper or North Camp. Of late years a number of the Indians have taken other locations on the river, yet the previously mentioned camps still maintain their existence. Topographical Features. — The Bow river enters the reserve on the western side, rear the northern boundary, and runs serpentinely across the reserve in a southeasterly direction, making its exit near the southeast corner. Crowfoot creek enters the north- ern limits and empties into the Bow river about ten miles from the eastern border of the reserve, and the two Arrowwood creeks flow through the southwestern portion, emptying, too, into the Bow. There are nxunerous low-lying portions of land here and there on the reserve, which now have considerable water therein, owing to the abundant rain-fall for several sea- sons past. On the north side of the Bow river, about midway between the eastern and western limits of the reserve, there lies a range of low dunes, and on the southwestern portion, to the south of the same river, are similar dunes. Near the southeastern corner is an- other group of hills, but they are of a rocky nature. On all these hills, and at points along the river and creeks, there is more or less scrub and small timber. The true banks of the Bow river vary in their distances apart. Here and there they come within half a mile of each other, while at other points they are a mile and more apart. At several points within the reserve, and on both sides of the river, are sharp- cut banks, which seem to rise considerably over one hundred feet above the water. Between these cut banks there are fertile valleys, or bottom-lands, part of which is clear open land and part covered with scrub. The upland portion of the reserve, with the exception of the three ranges of hills previously referred to, is a rolling treeless prairie, with a few stony ridges. Both up- land and bottom-land produce excellent pasturage, and a fair supply of grass sufficient- ly long for mowing can be found at intervals. Tribe. — The Indians on this reserve are the original Blackfeet. Vital Statistics. — There are two hundred and fifty men, two hundred and seventy- one women and three hundred and seventy-five young people under twenty-one years of age. The total population of the band, as counted at the last annuity payments, was eight hundred and ninety-six. There were thirty-four births, and one hundred deaths. The band decreased four and increased three through marriage with Indians of other bands. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians is now fairly good. During tlie month of December last a mild form of small-pox was introduced among them from some quarter, and for over two months the whole or part of the reserve was under quarantine. A number died, but I think the cause was more attributable to other causes than to the small-pox. The older members of the band passed through the small-pox epidemic of 1870, when about six hundred of the band fell victims to the disease, and those of that number who are now living would aiot admit that the late epidemic was really small-pox. With this notion prevailing among them, it was not an easy task to prevent them from visiting infected dwellings and persons, and in that way the difficulty of stamping out the disease was increased. i BLACKFOOT AGENCY, N.W.T. 147 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Refuse matter that collected about the dwellings during the winter months was raked up and burned, and, as teepees are generally resorted to during the warm months and these freguently moved, there is little to fear respecting the sanitary condition during the summer months. There is a hospital containing two wards at the Upper Camp. It is under the auspices of the English Church. A resident doctor is in charge of the hospital and he is assisted by two nurses. The hospital is very well patronized by the Indians who reside on the western portion of the reserve, and occasionally by members of the band whose home is at the lower or eastern portion. Dr. Lafferty, of Calgary, is the department's medical officer for the Indians here. Resources and Occupations. — The chief occupations are caring for stock, mining coal and hauling it to the local markets and to the line of railway for shipment, put- ting up hay for their own stock and for ranchers, farming and day labour of one kind and another. From all these sources the Indians earn considerable money. The sale of surplus cattle brought them about $3,200, the proceeds from sale of ponies about $5,000, by mining and hauling coal they earned $4,000, and approximately $2,800 was earned by working at haying. One rancher alone paid a section of the band over $1,100 for hay they put up for him. Their cattle are rapidly increasing in numbers, and this branch alone is yearly bringing the Indians a greater revenue, and the care of them a corresponding increase in work. The coal industry is capable of expansion away beyond the capabilities of these Indians, providing the capital to operate it to its full extent could be procured. There are millions of tons of the best quality of coal for domestic uses within the boundaries of the reserve, and there is a ready market for it within the boundaries of the western portion of our fair Dominion, which, to a large extent, is destitute of fuel. To operate it to the best advantage, and to compete with like industries at other points, a con- siderable investment of capital is essential. The little mining that was carried on during the year, principally to give the Indians employment, was done with very little money, and, consequently, only the simplest methods were within reach. Farming operations are not carried on to the extent I should like, particularly the growing of roots. The excuse given by many this last spring was, that they had neither the seed-potatoes nor the money to buy them. It is true potatoes were scarce and dear — $1 per bushel — but, ' where there is a will there is a way,' and it is' my opinion that the ambition to grow potatoes was as scarce as the potatoes. Buildings. — A few new habitations were put up, but none call for special attention through being superior to those previously in use. Farm Implements. — The number of wagons, mowers, rakes and team-harness has increased considerably. It seems to be the ambition of every head of a family to own a complete outfit. Education. — There are two boarding schools in operation within the reserve, one situated about the centre of the Lower Camp and the other in a similar position in the Indian settlement in the upper or western portion of the reserve. These schools are under the auspices of the Roman Catholic and English Churches, respectively. The Indians do not appear to be any more willing to encourage these schools than heretofore. The old Indian custom prevails here, to some extent, of bartering girls to those in quest of wives, and, when a girl is equivalent to so many horses in the matri- monial market, it is needless to say that those who have control are reluctant to place her outside the market referred to. An abominable feature of this ancient custom is that a girl under twelve years of age is frequently bartered for a pony, to be the wife of some one double the age, sometimes more, of herself. There are now thirty-nine boys and twenty-one girls at the two schools on this resei-ve. The child-traffic just referred to is the chief reason why so few girls are placed in the school. I am glad to be able to report that the pupils who are in attendance at these schools have made fairly satisfactory progress. 27— i— lOj 148 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS J 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Religion. — There are two places of worship on the reserve, both of which would compare favourably with like edifices in most of the towns throughout the Dominion. The newest one was completed since I wrote my last report. It was erected near the Crowfoot boarding school at the Lower Camp, and by the Eoman Catholic denomina- tion. The Anglicans have a neat edifice near the Old Sun boarding school in the Up- per Camp settlement. Both places of worship are attended by small congregations of Indians, the majority of the Indians still cling to the religion of their forefathers. Characteristics and Progress. — A chief characteristic of a majority of the Black- feet is similar to that of other Indians, and that is to get as much out of the govern- ment as is possible. Improvidence is another characteristic. Too many are prone to look out for to-day and let to-morrow care for itself. It gives me -nleasure to bear testimony that this class of Indians is yearly decreas- ing here. Their eagerness to acquire cattle and the output of coal during the winter months are, I think, ample evidences that there are quite a few willing workers among them. The band as a whole has unquestionably made some strides forward during the year. Temperance and Morality. — Some Indians argue that intoxicating liquor is veiy strong and good medicine, and to be deprived of its general use is a great hardship to the Indian. Many of them, I am sure, would use it for all kinds of ailments, if it could be conveniently procured. The department is aware, of course, that the per- mission to give it is restricted by the Indian Act to medical men and ministers of religion. Several members of the band were convicted of drunkenness during the year, and a number of white men were convicted of supplying the liquor to them. Giving the Indians, or that portion of the Indian Act that checks the traffic, due credit, I must say that the Indians are far more temperate than the surrounding whites. In morals these Indians compare favourably with most other Indians. It may be remembered that, in my last report, I expressed thankfulness that there had been no plural marriages during the preceding year. That report was barely out of mj^ hands •when I learned that three members of the band were dissatisfied with one wife each and had taken another. I immediately directed that the rations of these families be withheld until such time as they saw fit to obey the rules in this respect. One family missed one ration, and then decided that it was better policy to abide by the rules. The other two families held out for several rations, and then they succumbed and put away wife No. 2. The rationing of able-bodied men and women has many objectionable features to me, but I must confess that, in these three instances, it gave me a leverage to settle an objectionable custom, for the time being at least. General Remarks. — In conclusion, I beg to say thai I am fairly satisfied with the work that has been accomplished since I took charge of this agency, less than three years ago — November, 1900. The gratuitous issue of food has been considerably re- duced, as the department is aware. The Indians, too, are to-day in better circum- stances than ever before, and far more obedient to the rules and regulations that are pressed upon them, and pressed solely, I may say, with a view of making them better men and women. Practically since the consummation of the treaty between the government and these Indians — October, 1877 — there have been semi-weekly rations of beef and flour issued to men, women and children, regardless of their ability to provide these articles for themselves. A new system has lately been inaugurated here, which promises soon to do away with the gratuitous issue of food to able-bodied Indians. Only one free ration each wpek is now given, and the greater quantities to the weak, and the smaller quantities to the stronger. In addition there has been started a weekly ' self-support ' ration, and it is carried on in the following manner: any Indian is free to turn into the ration-house a beef animal and then take a due bill for an equal quantity of beef, i.e., if an Indian turns in seven hundred, and eighty pounds of beef he will be credited with that quantity and entitled to draw out fifteen pounds of beef every week during i BLOOD AGENCY, N.W.T. 149 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 the whole year. About twenty members of the band are taking advantage of this plan this year, and it is to be hoped that the number who will avail themselves of this ' self- support ' system will yearly increase as the cattle multiply, and that within the next three or four years this self-support method will entirely eliminate the free ration custom that has been in vogue here so long. I may say that I encourage giving that relieves distress or forms a basis for inde- pendence in the person helped, but I am not a believer in giving where it tends to create expectancy in the recipient and to make him the more a human parasite. I have, &c., J. A. MAEKLE, Indian Agent. * Northwest Territories, Alberta — Blood Agency, MACLEOD, August 19, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on this agency, together with accompanying statistical statement, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Reserve. — The reserve is situated between the Belly and St. Mary rivers, and runs in a southern direction for about forty miles to within fourteen miles of the inter- national boundary. It contains an area of over five hundred and forty square miles, or some three hundred and fifty-four thousand acres of splendid grazing land. The two rivers form our boundary lines on the north, east and west sides and give an abundant supply of fresh clear water. There is no timber upon the reserve, but the river bottoms in places have a few cotton-wood trees and a fair growth of willow, which form good cattle-shelters during the cold weather. Tribe. — These Indians are a branch of the Blackfoot nation, which comprises the Blackfeet, near Calgary, North Peigans, near Macleod, and the South Peigans, in Montana, U.S.A. Vital Statistics. — The population of the reserve at last annuity payments was eleven hundred and eighty-five, viz., two hundred and ninety-nine men, four hundred and thirteen women and four hundred and seventy-three young persons, being a de- crease of sixty-eight persons since last year. The births were forty-five, while the deaths numbered one hundred and ten. Health and Sanitation. — The generaL health of the Indians has been good during the year, but scrofula and consumption carry oif a large percentage year after year. Small-pox, which had been in the surrounding district for the two previous years in isolated cases, broke out upon the reserve. Fortunately the disease was discovered when only two persons had been attacked, and by forming a strict quarantine district the disease was confined to these two ; one patient, a woman, died of the disease. The medical officer succeeded in vaccinating and revaccinating some six hundred Indians, which no doubt prevented the disease from spreadicg. The hospital on the reserve is well looked after, and the average number of patients treated is about nine. The sanitary condition of the various Indian houses is good, and all refuse is carefully taken away in early spring. 150 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Resources and Occupations. — The district is not suited for crop-growing and con- sequently our resources are limited, cattle-raising, haying and freighting being our only means of making a living. ■ As in former years, our chief work was putting up hay, and the season of 1902 being a favourable one, a large quantity was got ; some two thousand two hundred and forty- one tons were cut and put up for use of our own herds, while over fifteen hundred and forty-seven tons were sold under contract, which gave us an average price of $5 per ton. During the fall and winter months a considerable quantity of coal and other freighting was done by the Indians for the ranchers and other white settlers in the district, which netted them a good round sum of ready cash ; a large number also go out and hire with the settlers in the district and thus earn good wages. Stock. — Cattle-breeding is now our most important industry. The Blood Indians first began to raise cattle in 1894, and since then, with the generous help accorded them by the department, their herds have increased very rapidly and, as a rule, they take good care of them. The herd now numbers over three thousand three hundred, and at the round-up on June 30, we branded six hundred and thirty head of calves, and had it not been for the severe snow-storm in May this number would have been very much greater. The department sent one hundred and fifty head of heifers, which were issued on the loan system to Indians, and thirty-two new men became cattle-holders for the first time. Twenty pure-bred pedigreed bulls and two stallions were also sent by the department for use among Indian cattle and horses. We began on August 1 to kill our beef -steers and fat cows, and our supply enabled us to fill the contract till the first week in January. The average weight of these animals was eight hundred and thirty-five pounds of dressed beef, which shows what good care and careful breeding will do even in the hands of Indians. None but pure- bred pedigreed bulls have been used in our herds since we began the business, and the results undoubtedly show it, not only in the quality of our stock, but in the weight of steers killed for beef. The amount received for these beef animals was over $8,300. The demand for Indian ponies still keeps up and during the year about twelve hundred have been sold, which brought in a sum of about $9,600, the largest amount ever received by these Indians as an income from their horses. Buildings. — The Indians are from year to year enlarging or renewing their build- ings, and although the number of houses is not increasing owing to the fact that Ihe old ones are usually turned into stables, still the description of house is much better and larger. Three new frame houses have been erected which cost in the neighbour- hood of $300 each for the material, while a number of the Indians have been flooring and shingling their new log houses. A new house was also erected for the farmer at the agency headquarters ; the main building is 32 x 32, cottage-roof, with kitchen and back kitchen attached, 32 xl4, and is a good comfortable dwelling. The whole of this work was done by graduates from the industrial school. Implements. — The Indians purchased twenty new wagons, seven mowers and twenly-two sets of harness, and will pay for these out of their own earnings. Better care is" taken of these implements, but there is still room for improvement. The reserve is fairly well supplied with wagons and other implements. Education and Religion. — There are two boarding schools and one day school upon the reserve. The Church of England has one boarding school with fifty resident pupils and a day school with an average attendance of about eight pupils. The Roman Catholic Church has a boarding school with twenty-eight resident pupils. Both boarding schools transfer their larger pupils to their respective industrial schools at Calgary and High River, The Churches find the Indians do not take a great deal of interest in educational affairs, and this of course makes it hard to get pupils. Educational work, however, is beginning to tell, and I have pleasure in reporting that this season in our round-up party of about thirteen Indians no fewer than six of them were graduates from these industrial schools, and I am also pleased to report i CARLTON AGENCY, N.W.T. 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 that their work would compare favourably with any white lad's of the same age brought up on any of the large ranches. There are two churches upon the reserve (one belonging to each of the above- mentioned denominations), but little interest is taken in religion, and with the ex- ception of the pupils and ex-pupils, nearly the whole tribe may be said to be pagans. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians, both old and young, show a willing- ness to work and there is never any difficulty in getting them to work if remuneration is in sight. Progress, as among all uncivilized natives, is not rapid, but it is there and for the future it will be to the cattle industry that we must look for any advancement. I can see no good reason why under careful management the herds of cattle at present in their possession should not place a large number of them, within a very reasonable period, in a self-supporting state. Stock-raising is the natural occupation of these Indians and with such a magnificent reserve, there is no reason why they should long remain a burden to the rate-payer. The annual income of the Indians is steadily increasing, while the value of their personal property has made rapid strides during the past few years. Temperance and Morality. — There is still a considerable amount of drunkenness among the Indians, and it is very hard to find means of putting it down. A good deal of horse-stealing has been going on during the past year, and in three cases the Indians were sentenced to three years' imprisonment each, which will have a good eifect upon the others. General Eemarks. — During the past year a large fence inclosing an area of a mile and a half square has been built at the upper farm for the purpose of holding our supply of beef-cattle for the winter months, while at the agency headquarters the two old fields have been enlarged and a new one about one mile by half a mile wide erected, which will give us at this point about six hundred acres of good pasturage. During the month of May we had a most severe snow-storm, which did an enor- mous amont of damage to stock. It began with heavy rain, which ultimately changed into snow, and on the second morning the ground was- covered to a depth •f two feet. The horse round-up by white settlers was going on at the time, and so severe was the cold that no fewer than eighteen head of their saddle horses died during the two days' storm. The staff continues the same as at date of last report and gives satisfaction. I have, &c., JAS. WILSON, Indian Agent. Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan — Carlton Agency, MiSTAWASis, September 10, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of this agency for the year ended June 30, 1903. AVILLIAII TWATT'S BAND, NO. 101. Eeserve. — This reserve lies to the north of, and twenty miles distant from, the town of Prince Albert. It contains some twenty-two thousand acres. Its northern por- 152 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 r-DWARD V|l., A. 1904 tion is heavily timbered with spruce and poplar, while the southern part of the reserve is suitable for agricultural purposes. Tribe. — These Indians are Crees. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of thirty-five men, forty-six women and sixty-one children, making a total of one hundred and forty-two. There have been six births, eleven deaths and two have joined the band, making a decrease of three during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians is generally good. Resources and Occupations. — The members of this band depend to some extent on hunting and fishing ; they are, however, good workers and earn considerable money in log-driving and supplying hay, etc., to the lumber camps. They farm to some extent and find a ready market for their produce in the lumber camps. Buildings. — A number of these Indians have good shingle-roofed houses, while a few are still content with the flat-roofed shanties. Stock. — They have a fine herd of cattle, of which they take fair care; the annual sale of their surplus stock adds to their income. Education. — In the past the school in use was at one end of the reserve and was not very successful. A new school-house has been built at the centre of the reserve, which I expect will produce much better results. Progress. — These Indians are progressing favourably and will, I expect, in a short time be self-supporting. Religion.— Those who are not pagans are attached to the Church of England. Temperance and Morality. — The men of this band come a great deal in contact with white men and liquor, but, considering their temptations, they behave very well. Their morality is not below the average. petaquakey's band, no. 102. Reserve. — This reserve has an area of forty-two square miles and is situated twenty miles northwest of Carlton ; the soil is rich and suitable for mixed farming. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Cree nation. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of eighteen men, twenty-two women and forty-one children, making a total of eighty-one. There have been three births and seven deaths, making a decrease of four during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been good ; they keep clean houses. Resources and Occupations. — Farming and cattle-raising constitute the chief occupations of the band. Buildings. — Most of the houses are substantial, neat and comfortable. Stock. — The cattle on this reserve are in fine condition ; they are well cared for. Earm Implements. — These Indians are well equipped with implements, purchased in almost all cases by themselves. Education. — There is no day school on this reserve, the children being sent at an early age to the Duck Lake boarding school. Religion. — These Indians are all Roman Catholics, and have a church on the reserve. Progress. — The majority of these Indians are doing very well and require very little assistance from the department. Temperance and Morality. — The members of this band are temperate and moral. MISTAWASIS BAND, NO. 103. Reserve. — This reserve is situated twenty-five miles north of Carlton, and has an ariea of seventy-seven square miles. It is well watered, hay is plentiful and pastures magnificent. i CARLTON AGENCY, N. W. T. 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Tribe. — The Indians of this band belong to the Cree nation. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of thirty-three men, thirty-seven women and fifty children, making a total of one hundred and twenty. There have been four births, thirteen deaths, two have joined and one has left the band, making a decrease of eight during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has not been very good, due in a large measure to inherited diseases. They are intelligent and carry out the doc- tor's instructions ; they also observe the sanitary regulations. Both small-pox and scarlet fever visited this reserve, and while no deaths were caused by either disease, a number of children died from, I think, the after effects of scarlet fever. Resources and Occupations. — Farming and stock-raising are the chief occup- ations of this band, little hunting or fishing being done. Buildings. — Most of the Indians on this reserve have good shingle-roofed houses, which they kgep in fair repair. Stock. — The cattle wintered very well, without loss, but not sufficient attention is given to the breeding animals in spring, with the result that their calf crop is always light. Implements. — These Indians own all the implements required for farming purposes. Eeligion. — Most of these Indians on this reserve profess to belong to the Pres- byterian Church. Education. — There is a day school on this reserve, at which the attendance is fair. Characteristics and Progress. — Some of the Indians of this reserve are doing very well, others not so well; they have been over-Indulged and lean too much on the department. Temperance and Morality. — They are neither as temperate nor as moral as they might be or should be, judging from the attention that they have received in the past from both the department and the church. AHTAHKAKOOP'S BAND, 2sO. 104. t Reserve. — The reserve of this band lies eighteen miles north of Mistawasis and contains an area of sixty-seven square miles, much of which is heavily wooded, but sufficient prairie-land is to be had for all purposes. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Cree nation. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of forty-three men, fifty-four women, forty-three boys and fifty-seven girls. There have been eleven births, twenty-two deaths, one has joined and one has left the band, making a decrease of eleven during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of this band has not been good, owing in most cases to inherited diseases. They keep their houses fairly clean and follow the sanitary regulations as well as possible. Resources and Occupations. — Grain-growing and stock-raising furnish them with work and maintenance, which they supplement to some extent by hunting and. fishing. Buildings. — The Indians have good houses in most cases. Stock. — These Indians have a nice herd of cattle numbering over three hundred head. They wintered very well ; they, besides, own a number of good horses. Implements. — These Indians have all the implements they require for their work. Education. — The day school on this reserve has a fair attendance. Religion, — The majority of this band are members of the Church of England. Progress. — Some of these Indians are industrious and are making fair headway ; the majority should soon be self-supporting. Temperance and Morality. — In a broad, liberal sense they are both temperate and moral. 154 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 kopwayawakekum's ba>d, xo. 105. Keserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the northern shore of Meadow lake, about one hundred and eight miles north of Battleford, and has an area of four- teen square miles. The Meadow river flows through the eastern portion of the reserve, which, as a whole, contains excellent soil, plenty of timber, good water, and possesses in its waters an exceptional abvmdance of fish. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Cree nation. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of sixteen men, twenty-four women, nineteen boys and nineteen girls. There have been three births, three deaths and one has joined the band, making an increase of one during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians is good, though the extent of their sanitary measures is limited to the guidance of their instincts in the frequent shifting of their tents. Resources and Occupations. — Their efforts in the direction of farming are limited to the cultivation of a few gardens; they find in trapping, fishing and the pursuit of larger game almost their sole support. Buildings. — There are a few buildings on the reserve and only two generally occu- pied, as these Indians leave the reserve during the hunting season of the year. Stock. — The stock is limited to less than a dozen head of cattle and twenty ponies. Implements. — Their farm, implements are limited in number, but su£S.cient for their needs. Education. — The day school on this reserve continues in operation, but the attend- ance is not very good and progress slow. Religion. — The majority of thii? band are Roman Catholics, their spiritual in- terests being under control of Rev. Father Teston, of Green Lake, who pays them regular visits. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians have several good gardens on the reserve, but they are expert hunters and trappers, and find more pleasure and profit in their favourite occupation than in attempting to farm. They are industrious and law-abiding, and are clean and neat in their personal appearance. Temperance and Morality. — The Indians of this band are temperate aild moral. KENEMOTAYOO'S BAND, XO. 118. Reserve. — This reserve is located along the Green Lake trail and lies twelve miles north of Sandy lake. Its area is forty-six square miles. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Cree nation. Vital Statistics. — The total population of the Big River and Pelican Lake sections of Kenemotayoo's band is one hundred and fifty-seven, (Big River containing one hundred and three and Pelican Lake fifty-four), composed of thirty-three men, forty- two women and eighty-two children. There have been five births and six deaths, and one has left the band, making a decrease of two. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been good. Resources and Occupations. — This band depends for a livelihood largely upon fish, but they have also started to farm and have gardens ; ^reat patience will have to be exercised with them before they become self-supporting. Buildings. — Their houses are not of much account, but they intend getting out logs this winter, and matters in this direction will improve. Stock. — They have not a very large herd of cattle, nor have they yet realized the value to them of stock-raising ; time no doubt will teach them. Implements. — They are kept furnished with such implements as they require. Education. — The day school on this reserve has been fairly well attended during the year. i CARLTON AGENCY, N.W.T. 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Religion. — ISTot much progress seems ih have been made in this direction, but the earnest efforts of the missions of both the Eoman Catholic Church and Church of England will no doubt in time show good results. Progress. — They are slowly advancing ; persistent, earnest effort on the part of the farm instructor, and agent will, without doubt, bring its reward. RESERVE NO. 106 A. Reserve. — This reserve is situated north and east of the Sturgeon Lake reserve, their boundaries being one mile apart. Its area is fifty-six and one-half square miles and its surface undulating, with a dense growth, in parts, of timber suitable for build- ing and sawing purposes, and some open country along the banks of the Little Red river, which traverses it from the northwest to the southeast. This reserve is intended for the use of any Indians of the Montreal Lake or Lac la Ronge bands who may desire to settle down and attempt the cultivation of the soil ; but so far only a few families, numbering in all about sixteen souls, have availed themselves of the opportunity ; they cultivate gardens, and have a small herd of about thirty head of cattle, but their chief sources of maintenance are fishing, hunting and root-digging, with the sale of hay to adjacent lumber camps and work in the same. waiispaton's band (sioux), no. 94 a. Reserve, — The reserve contains two thousand four hundred acres and is nine miles northwest of Prince Albert ; the soil is light and sandy and about three-fourths of the reserve is covered with brush scrub, jack-pine and poplar. Tribe. — These Indians are Sioux. Vital Statistics. — This band numbers about one hundred souls, but as only seven families dwell on the reserve, the remainder living near Prince Albert, exact details are not available. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians have about two acres in gardens and obtain their support chiefly from the sale of roots, berries, wood and hay to the conven- ient market of Prince Albert. , Buildings. — Their buildings are substantial, comfortable, and neatly kept. Stock. — Their stock of cattle and ponies, though small, is well attended and the animals are in fine condition. Implements. — They have a sufficient supply and are very careful of them. Education. — There is a day school on the reserve, but the attendance is not regular. Religion. — These Indians are adherents of the Presbyterian Church and divine services are held every Sunday in their own tongue by the missionary. Characteristics and Progress. — They are very industrious and are steadily advancing. Temperance and Morality. — In these respects they compare favourably with other bands. WILLIAM CHARLES' BAND. ^ These Indians live and hunt in the neighbourhood of Montreal lake. A few of them live continuously in a village situated on the shore of Montreal lake, where there is a day school, which is well attended. The population consists of thirty-six men, forty-five women and ninety children, making a total of one hundred and seventy-one. There have been nine births, six 156 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAX AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 deaths, three have joined and two have left' the band, making an increase of four dur- ing the year. While a few of the young men work for the Hudson's Bay Company, it may be said that the band depend entirely upon fishing and hunting. They all belong to the /Church of England, the work of whose missionaries among these people for good can- not be over-estimated. They had a good winter catch of fur, and the health of the band for the past year was very good. JAMES ROBERTS' BAND. The Indians of this band live in the neighbourhood of Lac la Ronge. The popula- tion consists of eighty-two men, one hundred and nine women, and two hundred and ninety-six children, making a total of four hundred and eighty-seven. There have been twenty-one births, nine deaths, three have left the band, and two have joined, making an increase of eleven. iSTearly all of these Indians belong to the Church of England and are exemplary Christians. Fishing and hunting are their sole means of support. They are a well-to- do people, in (for them) comfortable circumstances ; indeed a number of them have bank accounts. The health of the band for the past year has been excellent. Both the Montreal Lake Indians and those of Lac la Eonge have advanced beyond the necessity of com- ment on either their temperance or morality. GENERAL REMARKS. The past year in this agency has been one of general prosperity. Fur and game ,vere plentiful, crops were very good ; the agency mill having ground some fourteen hundred sacks of flour for Indians, besides which a considerable quantity of wheat was sold at Duck Lake by them. The cattle wintered very well and without preventable loss. Some four thousand log^ wei-e taken out in the winter on the different reserves and are now being turned into lumber. It is satisfactory to be able to state that in this agency, with its large population, no infraction of the law during the past year took place, and that the rules of the de- partment are respected. I have, &c., J. MACARTHUR, Indian Agent. Northwest Territories, Eastern Assiniboia — Crooked Lake Agency, Near Broadview, August 17, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, / Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report with agricultural and indus- trial statistics together with the inventory of government property under my charge up to June 30, 1903. Agency Office. — The agency buildings are situated on the northeast quarter of section 4, township 18, range 5, west of 2nd meridian, about nine miles northwest of the town of Broadview on the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway. CROOKED LAKE AGENCY, X. W.T. 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Reserves. — The reserves are as follows : Ochapowace, Xo. 71; Ivahkewistahaw, Xo. 72 and 72 A; Cowessess, IN'o. 73; and Sakimay and Shesheep, No. 74 and 74 A ; all lying north, of the Canadian Pacific railway and extending from Whitewood on the east, passing Broadview and running west nearly as far as Grenfell, bounded on the north by the Qu'Appelle river from below Round lake on the east to a short distance above Crooked lake on the west. There is also belonging to this agency. Little Bone reserve Xo. 73 A, situated at Leech lake about forty miles north of this agency. The total area of these reserves is one hundred and eighty-one thousand six hun- dred and seventy-six acres. OCHAPOWACE BAND, XO. 71. Reserve. — This reserve is on the eastern side of the agency and lies northwest of Whitewood, running from a short distance from the railway to the Qu'Appelle valley. It contains fifty-two thousand eight hundred and sixty-four acres. The southern portion is prairie with many hay swamps and bluffs of poplar and willow. The northern portion sloping to the Qu'Appelle river is thickly wooded with poplar and balm of Gilead, and is much broken by large ravines, which are all thickly wooded. The soilis very gravelly, being unfit for cultivation ; on the southern portion of this reserve, the soil is a sandy and clay loam with gravelly spots here and there. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are Crees. Vital Statistics. — There are on this reserve, thirty-one men, thirty-seven women and forty-three children, making a total of one hundred and eleven. There were four deaths and five births, one woman left the reserve marrying into Sakimay band, and one returned from a visit. Health and Sanitation. — There are a great many old people on this reserve, but the general health is good. Every endeavour is made to make them keep their houses well ventilated and whitewashed. Dr. J. R. Bird, the medical attendant, has been very attentive to the pupils at the boarding school and the Indians. Resources and Occupations. — They are occupied in farming, putting up hay for their cattle and for sale, fishing, gathering senega-root, tanning hides, selling fire-wood in Whitewood, and in all can make a good living, except the very oldest, who obtain some assistance from the department, which is only given to those not able to work. Buildings. — In many cases they have improved their houses and stables and are in a comfortable condition for the winter. Stock. — The cattle have been wintered in splendid condition, and there were no losses through casuailties. Farm Implements. — They have all the implements that are really necessary, and they purchase others from their own means when required. Education. — Three of the children are attending Qu'Appelle industrial school ; also four at Cowessess and nine at Round Lake boarding school. The boarding school at Round Lake (Presbyterian), which is situated off the northeast corner of this reserve, is well conducted by the Rev. Hugh McKay, principal, and Mrs. McKay, matron, assisted by a competent staff, who do everything possible to keep the school advancing, but it is not so well situated as the Cowessess boarding school, being at the lower end and off the reserve. I am glad to say there is a marked improvement in the children and that the buildings are kept neat and clean. Religion. — Some of these Indians profess to be Presbyterians, and are under the care of the Rev. H. McKay, who is assisted by Jacob Bear, a member of the band, and a native missionary. There are also a few Roman Catholics on this reserve, the remainder being mostly pagans. Characteristics and Progress. — On this reserve, I am glad to mention Henry Bear and Louis Henry, son and son-in-law of Jacob Bear, who have broken thirty acres and 158 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 put into crop about fifty acres, which is looking splendid. These young men were not very good workers before, but have now started energetically to work. I gave them some assistance and have no doubt that other young men will follow their example. Temper^ce and Morality.— I may say that their temperance is not as good as their morality, as it was necessary to fine a couple of them for being drunk, but taken altogether their record is good. KAKEWISTAHAW BAND, NO. 72. Reserve. — This reserve joins that of Ochapowace on the west side and lies north of Broadview, on the Canadian Pacific railway ; the Qu'Appelle valley is its northern boundary. There is also a small fishing station belonging to this reserve (No. 72 A) n the eastern end of Crooked lake, about ten miles distant. The reserves contain an area of forty-six thousand eight hundred and sixteen acres. The land is mostly undulating prairie of a fair quality, interspersed with many ponds and hay sloughs with bluffs of poplar. There are some very good hay-lands in .the southern part. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are Crees. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band consists of thirty-one men, thirty- eight women and forty children, a total of one hundred and nine. There were six deaths and five births. One woman left by marriage into the Sakimay band, one woman entered the band by marriage from File Hills, one by marriage from the Sakimay band and two returned after being absent from the reserve. Health and Sanitation. — With the exception of a number who are afflicted with f crofula and consumption, their health has been very good. All precautions are taken To keep the houses and premises in good order. Resources and Occupations. — Some are occupied in farming and raising cattle ; others sell hay and fire-wood in Whitewood and Broadview, while the older people sell senega-root and berries and make a fairly comfortable living. Buildings. — The houses and stables on this reserve have been improved and re- paired. They are in a very fair condition and are much more comfortable than in previous years. Stock. — The stock on this reserve continues to improve, the necessary thorough- breds having been furnished by the department. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with all necessary implements, and are always adding to the number as their acreage increases and to replace those worn <.ut. Education. — Eight of the children are attending the Qu'Appelle industrial school, one is at Regina industrial school, two at Cowessess' boarding school, and twelve at Round Lake boarding school. The Round Lake boarding school (mentioned in the report on Ochapowace's band) draws a good number of its pupils from this reserve, and although they do not object to sending their children, they are always wanting them at home during haying and harvesting time to assist in the work. Religion. — A few of these Indians attend the Roman Catholic services at the mission in the valley. Others attend the Presbyterian church on this reserve, where services are held every Sunday by the Rev. H. McKay or Jacob Bear. Most of the old Indians are pagans and do not attend either service. Characteristics and Progress. — I am glad to say that this band has improved, not only by breaking new land, but in working the old land into a better condition. I am pleased to report that Mesahcamaperness, Joseph Louison, Harry Favel and Andrew Alec, (the three latter being ex-pupils) have done good work at breaking new land and putting in a crop, altogether about eighty acres. Temperance and Morality. — With a few exceptions, their temperance and moral- ity have improved. i CROOKED LAKE AGESCY, N.W.T. 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 COWESSESS BAND, NO. 73. Reserve. — This reserve is also situated between the line of the Canadian Pacidc railway on the south, and the Qu'Appelle valley on the north, and is west of Kahke- wistahaw reserve. The area is forty-nine thousand nine hundred and twenty acres. The Weed creek runs through this reserve and empties into the Qu'Appelle river through a large densely wooded and steep ravine ; it is very tortuous in its course. The southern portion of the reserve is undulating prairie with a few good hay marshes. Tribe. — The majority of the members of this band are half-breeds, the remainder being Crees and Saulteaux. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is one hundred and sixty-seven, composed of thirty-five men, forty-nine women and eighty-three children. There were three deaths and nine births. One is absent and one returned. Four joined from St. Peter's band. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of these Indians has been good. Dr. Allingham, the assistant medical officer, has been vei-y attentive to them, and all pre- cautions were taken to prevent any disease, but there were a number afflicted with scrofula and consumption that required treatment, and some of these cases turned out fatal. In the month of January last small-pox broke out on this reserve. Doctors Bird and Allingham quarantined the reserve, including the officials at the agency. The woman who had the disease recovered, but died later on of other complications, but as such careful precautions were taken, no further cases occurred. Resources and Occupations. — The Indians on this reserve are in better circum- stances than others in this agency, being mostly half-breeds and looking further ahead.- They make a good living by farming, stock-raising and selling fire-wood and hay. The women are also good in making fancy bead-work, mats, wicker baskets, and moccasins. In all they are comfortable and do not require much assistance when crops are good. Buildings. — Some of the buildings that were getting old have been replaced and the stables also repaired. Stock. — The condition of the stock on this reserve is extra good. On account of tiiere being a large amount of hay at the stables, and also large quantities of good wheat and oat straw, the stock was well fed during the winter. The horses are small with a few exceptions, but the new thoroughbred stallion supplied by the department should improve the size. Farm Implements. — The Indians keep themselves well supplied with good imple- roents, and in most cases they are carefully kept under cover. Education. — Sixteen of the children of this band are at Qu'Appelle, and two at Eegina industrial schools. Twenty are at Cowessess and three at Round Lake board- ing schools. Cowessess boarding school (Roman Catholic), situated at the east end of Crooked lake on this reserve, is a credit to the agency, everything being up-to-date. Under the energetic management of the Rev. S. Perrault, Brother Eugene, and others of the &taif, assisted by seven reverend sisters, there can be no question of the success of the school. They now have accommodation for about sixty pupils, but have only authority for forty, who are at present in attendance. Religion. — The majority of this band, who are half-breeds, are members of the Roman Catholic Church, and attend the services at the Roman Catholic mission, which is on the reserve, in charge of the Rev. S. Perrault. A few attend the Presbyterian church on Kakkewistahaw reserve, where services are held every Sunday by the Rev. H. McKay. These reverend gentlemen are faithful workers and are doing their best for the Indians. 160 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 I am glad to saj' that nearlj- all the ex-pupils from the industrial schools who have returned to this agency to live have been legally married. Also in some cases where they have not been to school they have also been legally married, which I consider a great improvement towards morality, and this result is largely due to these reverend gentlemen. Characteristics and Progress. — One ex-pupil from the Qu'Appelle industrial school, William Trottier, has set a good example to the others ; the money funded for him in the savings bank gave him a chance to commence farming, and he is doing well. There are also several other young Indians starting into farming that have never done so before. It shows that they rea'lize the necessity of farming, and every assistance is given to the beginners that is possible. Temperance and ^Morality. — This reserve has a very good record for temperance and morality. SAKIMAY BAND, KO. 74. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the west side of the north half of Cowessess reserve, being bounded on the south side by that reserve and on the north by Crooked lake and the Qu'Appelle valley, a small portion of the reserve (No. 74 A), being on the north side of the lake and river. This reserve contains twenty-five thousand two hundred and eight acres. In ad- dition to this, these Indians have the Leech Lake (No. 73 A) reserve, situated forty miles north, containing six thousand nine hundred and seventy-six acres, which, being mostly hay swamps, bluffs and water, is very valuable to them, as the hay crop can be generally relied upon every season. Sakimay reserve is mostly undulating prairie with some bluffs of poplar and willow. In the northern part it is much broken by ravines, which are heavily wooded. There were formerly large ponds on this reserve which have been for some years mostly dried up, although some of them have again filled up with water. About one-half of the land is good loam, the other half being gravelly. There are some magnificent hay- lands at the west end of Crooked lake. Tribe. — Nearly all these Indians are Saulteaux with a few Crees. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of forty men, forty-nine women and eighty-seven children. There were eleven deaths and six births. Six persons are absent, and one married into the Kahkewistahaw band. One returned and two entered by marriage from the Ochapowace and Kahkewistahaw bands. Health and Sanitation. — In Shesheep's party there was an outbreak of measles in February last, but there were no fatal cases. This reserve has been particularly examined by the medical attendant and myself, as these Indians are travelling round a good deal, more particularly Shesheep's party, and liable to bring in disease. But altogether, with the exception of the outbreak of measles, they have had good health. Resources and Occupations.- — There are three parties combined at this reserve ; those at Goose lake are doing very well at farming and cattle-raising. Those at She- sheep's depend more on making hay and selling fire-wood. Those at Leech lake depend on hay only. Those at Sakimay's and Shesheep's catch a large number of fish in Crooked lake ; in all they make a comfortable living. Buildings. — The buildings compare favourably with the other reserve ; the timber is of good size, and the buildings are comparatively of a good size and well put up. The stables are utilized when necessary to winter cattle for white men or Indians on payment of $5 per head for the winter. Stock. — Their stock is always kept in good condition. In the summer it is herded and at night corralled into two large pastures, the Indians paying for the fencing and herding. On this account the cattle are not so wild as on reserves Nos. 71 and 72. Farm Implements. — The Indians buy these as they require them, and pay for some of them from the proceeds of their own labour and some from the money funded for the band from the sale of jyermits to cut hay at Leech lake. i DUCK LAKE AGENCY, N.W.T. 161 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Education. — Seven children attend Qu'Appelle and three attend the Elkhorn in- dustrial schools. Two are at Cowessess and six are at Round Lake boarding schools. Although a number of children are sent from this band to the different schools, and the department is going to start a day school in connection with the boarding school under the direction of the Rev. H. McKay, I cannot report that Shesheep's party are willing to let their children go to school;^ but as they are now intermarrying with Indians on the other reserves, and a day school being opened, I hope their old prejudices against boarding and industrial schools will soon disappear. Religion. — These Indians are nearly all pagans, particularly Shesheep's party. There are a few Roman Catholics, and also a few who are Presbyterians, for whom the Rev. H. McKay has opened a church where he holds services. Characteristics and Progress. — I am glad to report that an ex-pupil of Regina industrial school, Herman Nowekeseswape, has a good farm. I gave him a yoke of oxen, a cow and calf, and advanced him seed-grain to start with. He is a good car- penter and I think will do well. Acoose has also two sons from the Qu'Appelle school, and the three of them have put in nearly one hundred acres of grain this year. They woTxld also have broken more land, if they had had the money to buy more breaking-ploughs, but they will be able to purchase these from their crop if nothing happens to it. In all, this band has shown a marked improvement. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians have conducted themselves verj'- well considering the temptation of frequent visits to the near-by villages. General Remarks. — The Indians in this agency are improving both in morality and farming. They have a better class of houses, also a better grade of cattle and horses, this improvement being due to the department sending in thoroughbreds. Inspector Leveque made a thorough inspection of this agency. Mr. H. J. Elliott, M. D. V., the veterinary officer, also inspected all the cattle and horses for diseases. The Indians have not only made an increase in the total acreage under crop, but have broken a fair quantity of new land and have also done what summer-fallowing they could. I wish to express my satisfaction with the way Mr. J. W. Jowett has kept the books of this agency ; also for the work done by Mr. Sutherland, as engineer and miller, and with the others of the staff for the way they have worked during the year. v/hich has so much conduced to the progress of the Indians. I have, &c., MAGNUS BEGG, Indian Agent. Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan — Duck Lake Agency, Duck Lake, August 25, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. SiR^ — I have the honour to submit my annual report of this agency for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. ONE arrow's band, NO. 95. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is located to the east of the south branch of the Saskatchewan river, about thirteen miles from the agency headquarters, and has an area of sixteen square miles. It is considerably broken up with small lakes and sloughs. 27— i— 11 162 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD Vil., A. 1904 The soil is sandy and cannot be depended on during dry seasons. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are Plain Crees. The older ones are a poor lot and while they live will keep on in the old-fashioned way, but among them are some yoimg men, graduates of the industrial and boarding schools, whom these older ones cannot influence. The graduates are doing exceedingly well and with some help and care will succeed. » Vital Statistics. — The number of souls in this band is one hundred and one, com- posed of twenty-one men, thirty women, thirty-five boys and fifteen girls. There have been four births and four deaths, and fifteen have joined the band from other reserves, making an increase of fifteen. OKEMASSIS' AND BEARDY's BAXDS, KOS. 96 AND 97. Reserves. — The reserves for these two bands border chiefly on Duck lake and its hay-marshes, being about three miles from the town of Duck Lake, which, having its flour-mill and a good markel;, adds considerably to the advantages these bands have. The total ansa is forty-four square miles. On Okemassis and part of Beardy's the soil is sandy and poor, but the remainder is very good on the south and west sides ; these sections the Indians are now going to, for cultivation, with favourable results. Tribe. — These two bands are Plain Crees. Vital Statistics. — The number in Okemassis' band is twenty-seven, composed of seven mon, ten women and ten young people under twenty-one years of age. In Beardy's band they number thirty-one men, thirty-seven women and sixty-eighr children and young people under twenty-one years of age. JOHN smith's band, KG. 99. Reserve. — The reserve for this band lies on both sides of the south branch of the Saskatchewan river, fourteen miles from the town of Prince Albert, and consists of thirty-seven square miles. The soil is all that could be desired, with plenty of slough and upland hay, also having a large quantity of poplar timber for building purposes. Tribe. — This band consists of half-breeds and Swampy Crees. They are a very intelligent lot, but do not take that interest in farming that they should, being a sort of a neutral quantity in most matters, and being capable of enduring an immense amount of rest. Vital Statistics. — The number in this band consists of one hundred and thirty- three souls, composed of thirty-six men, thirty-four women and sixty-three children and young people under twenty-one years of age. JAMES smith's band, NO. 100. Reserve. — This reserve now includes part of the reserve formerly held by the Cum- berland band, 100 A ; the latter band surrendered part of its reserve and then joined with James Smith's band, making one band with one reserve now known as the ' James Smith Band, ISTo. 100.' This reserve is situated on the Big Saskatchewan river, near Fort a la Come, and contains a fraction over fifty-six square miles. There is a strip of it on the north side where the land is poor and sandy ; otherwise the soil on th<; rest of the reserve is of very good quality interspersed with small lakes, sloughs and hay meadows, but in all a splendid property. Tribe. — These Indians are Plain and Swampy Crees. ■ Vital Statistics. — James Smith's band, now that the old Cumberland band has joined with it, has two hundred and eleven souls, composed of fifty-six men, fifty-three women, and one hundred and two children and young people under twenty-one years of age. i DUCK LAKE AOESCY, N.W.T. 163 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The total population of Duck Lake agency is six hundred and six souls ; the num- ber of births was thirty-two, and the deaths thirty-two, including nine adults. There were twenty-one Indians absent at the payments, but they still belong to this agency. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been very good with One Arrow's, Okemassis', Beardy's and John Smith's bands. . At James Smith's an epidemic of scarlet fever prevailed during January and February, but with no serious results. The medical attendant gave it his attention and his directions were carried out. As for sanitary precautions, we have but little trouble, as the Indians now fully understand t]iP ••-.ocessity for them. All those who the doctors thought should be were promptly vaccinated. Kesources and Occupations. — Indians here are now chiefly divided either as hunt- ing Indians or those who continuously reside on their reserves and make their living by grain-growing and raising cattle ; but this last year the large number of musk- rats, and the very high price paid for them, from fifteen to twenty-five cents in cash, supplemented by the large yield of senega-root, which brought fifty cents a pound, cash, had a demoralizing influence on a large number of our Indian farmers, who could not resist the temptation to go off for a time to the detriment of their farms. No doubt it gave them some readj^ cash while it lasted, but on the whole our Indian farmers lost by it, and they know it now. All our Indians were occupied during the year and have done well, much better than has been the case in former years ; they have lived very comfortably. Buildings. — The buildings are generally being improved throughout the agency, as fast as the Indians can afford to purchase building-materials. Lumber is scarce and dear, but they prefer to wait until they can get this to build themselves respectable dwellings. Stock. — Their stock is improving in the class of animals now bred, and they take better care of them ; but the trouble with those having small herds is to keep them ^rn^^ depending too much on their cattle for any cash they may require. Farm Implements. — Useful implements are continually being purchased by the Indians, such as mowers, self-binders, seeders, disc-harrow^s, making a fair supply, but hardly sufficient. Education. — There are in this agency : one industrial school, Emmanuel College, at Pi-ince Albert, a boarding school, at Duck Lake, with one hundred pupils in attend- ance, one day school at John Smith's reserve, and one at James Smith's reserve. The industrial and boarding schools are doing good work. The day schools are doing fairly well, but they will improve as the Indians begin to see the advantages of an education, surrounded as they are by the great number of people coming into the country, Eeligion. — Those belonging to the Church of England number three hundred and thirty-two, the Presbyterians, sixteen, the Roman Catholics, one hundred and seventy- eight, and pagans, eight; in all six hundred and six. They have an Anglican church at John Smith's reserve, as also at James Smith's, One Arrow's is close to the Eoman Catholic church at Batoche, and those on Okemassis' and Beardy's attend the Eoman Catholic church at the Duck Lake boarding school. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians in the fall of 1902 had a much im- proved crop ; they threshed ten thousand five hundred and six bushels of wheat, eight thousand seven hundred and thirty-seven bushels of oats, fourteen hundred and thirty- four bushels of barley. They milled for their own use four hundred and fifty sacks of flour, and they realized from the cattle they sold the sum of $3,426 in cash. They also consumed from their own cattle to the value of $1,1Y4. Their earnings by labouring and freighting amounted to $3,160 ; the hunting Indians realized the sum of $18,864. They earned from the sale of senega-root, berries, &c., the sum of $4,872, and got fish for food amounting to $3,950. The Indians purchased and paid for three seeders, two double wagons, three ploughs, six sets of double harness, eight democrat-wagons, also cook-stoves and many 27— i— 114 164 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 other minor but useful articles, either from their sale of grain or cattle, or from their earnings. It will be seen that these Indians have been industrious and have had enough to make them very comfortable and contented. In all this the school graduates have made a very good and satisfactory showing. Temperance and Morality. — They have advanced considerably in these respects. A marked and favourable change shows itself particularly among One Arrow's, Beardy's and Okemassis' bands; John Smith's and James Smith's bands have also improved. The closest attention is given to check and punish all offenders. I have, &c., W. E. JONES, Indian Agent. Northwest Territories, Alberta — Edmonton Agency, Edmonton, August 3, 1903. 'J'he Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on this agency for the fiscal year en'ded June 30, 1903, together with statistical statement and inventory of govern- ment property in my charge. As Indian agent I have th« direction and management of five bands of Indians, occupying as many reserves, and am assisted by a staff consisting of a clerk, three farmers and an interpreter. Besides these a physician is employed to look after the health of the Indians, and two day-school teachers attend to the educational needs of llieir children. ENOCH'S BAND, NO. 135. Reserve. — Upon this reserve are situated the agency office and stores, and here the agent, clerk, interpreter and one of the farmers have their residences. The re- serve (marked ' Tommy la Potac's ' on the map") lies about eight miles west of Ed- monton. It consists of nineteen thousand five hundred and twenty acres of land, quite equal fo the best in the famed Edmonton district in point of fertility and natural advan- tages. Tribe. — The Indians of this reserve are Crees. Vital Statistics. — One hundred and twenty-nine Indians, members of this band, were paid annuity in October, 1902. The deaths recorded for the year between the payments of 1901 and 1902 numbered four, while the births for the same period reached twelve. Health and Sanitation.— The general health of the band, apart from some scro- fulous and consumptive cases, always to be expected, was good. No contagious or epidemic disease touched the reserve since my last report. The usual sanitary pre- cautions were taken in the spring, all refuse and garbage being gathered and burned. The requisite visits by the medical officer were punctually made, and all cases arising in the intervals between visits were prescribed for at his office in Edmonton. i EDMONTON AGENCY, N.W.T. 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Resources and Occupations. — Grain-growing and cattle-raising continue to be the principal avocations of the band. Ready money is realized from the sale of dead limber for fuel, posts and such purposes, and the returns from sales of surplus hay and beef-cattle are considerable. Some money is earned as wages among lumbermen, and the neighbouring farmers, and some is derived from the sale of berries and wild fruit. Buildings. — While not much change is noticeable since my last report, the pro- pects for improvement are brighter. Some have the material for, and others have in contemplation, the erection of more commodious, better lighted and better ventilated houses than in the past. One house, a storey-and-a-half high with shingled roof and well floored, has been built within the year, and is now occupied. The stabling for stock is much improved. Stock. — The breeding stock of this band now numbers eighty-four cows and up to June 30, forty-nine calves were branded. The remainder of the season will add considerably to the increase, and I look for a satisfactory showing. Surreptitious killing of immature animals continues, but in a decreasing degree. Now that some iire turning in steers fit for beef, the price they are realizing constitutes the strongest appeal to the offenders to discontinue the practice, and they are beginning to appre- ciate it. . Education and Religion. — There is no school on this reserve, the children, wHen they have attained a suitable age, being sent to the boarding schools at St. Albert, Red Deer or Hobbema. The majority of the band profess allegiance to the Roman Catholic faith and are provided with a church and looked after by the priests of that denomination. The remainder are, nominally, Methodists without a settled missionary. Temperance and Morality. — In common with the majority of our western Indians, the sobriety of this band is largely dependent on the facility or difficulty of obtaining intoxicants. Owing to the display by them of a sort of immoral loyalty in shielding those who supply them liquor, they are always able to procure it, and a conviction of the guilty parties is always impossible. Although more cases of drunkenness have come before me and been dealt with this, year than last, I do not think the evil is increasing. With respect to their morality, I regret I cannot characterize it as other than lax. Progress. — While not entirely fulfilling the expectations based on the splendid equipment secured by them last year, the results, so far, are not discouraging. This year they have three hundred and ninety acres of crop as against one hundred and twenty-two acres last year ; fifty-five acres of new land have been broken and two hundred acres more brought under fence. This season, thus far, has been most pro- pitious and the prospects of an abundant harvest are very cheering indeed. Should no unforeseen casualty arise, the success that will come from this year's labour will be a stimulus to those so rewarded, and an inducement to the others who have not wrought or prospered to imitate their example. Mr. Blewett, the farmer in charge, has been unremitting in his efforts for their advancement. Michel's bakd, no. 132. Reserve. — This reserve, designated 'Michel Calahoo's' on the map, lies about nine miles northwest of the agency headquart.ers, but owing to bad roads, twenty-four miles are usually traversed in reaching it. The post office and market are at St. Albert, some ten miles distant. The area of the reserve is twenty-five thousand four hundred and eighty acres, about half of it being good agricultural land. The remain- der is timbered with pine, tamarack and nonlar of considerable commercial value. Tribe. — This band may be described as a fusion of the Iroquois and Cree tribes. They are descendants of a small party of Iroquois who migrated froA near Montreal about a hundred years ago and have intermarried, more or less, with their Cree neighbours. 166 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Vital Statistics. — At the annuity payments, last October, eighty-six members of this band were paid. The deaths for the preceding year were two, the births for the same period being three. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians is good. The customary sanitary precautions are observed and stated visits made by the physician. Their mode of living and the character of their dwellings are conducive to healthfulness. Resouices and Occupations. — These people are farmers and derive their support from the products of their woods and farms, their pigs and poultry, much as their n-hite neighbours do. They are practically self-supporting. Buildings. — Their houses are suitable to their condition in life and their stables I' re adequate for the protection of their stock. Stock. — Their cattle are well cared for summer and winter, and in consequence they thrive and increase. They could extend their opei*ations had they more horses, but are making the best of what they have. Education and Religion. — In religion they are Roman Catholics, regular attend- ants at church and attentive to the services. They appreciate the benefits of educa- tion and arj3 anxious to secure its advantages for their children. There is no day school on the reserve, but, St. Albert boarding school being convenient, their children go there. , Temperance and Morality. — Unlike the Indians of the other reserves, these may bo characterized as both temperate and moral. Progress. — These Indians have an ambition to reach a higher level. They see the means to accomplish it close at hand and have, I believe, the energy and diligence necessary to achieve it. They are progressive, as their surroundings testify. Alexander's band, no. 134, Reserve. — This is known as 'Alexander's reserve ' on the map. It lies to the north of MicheFs, from which it is distant but four miles, yet twenty-five miles have to be Travelled, when the roads are bad, to reach the house of the farmer in charge. The reserve contains twenty-six thousand two hundred and forty acres, about equally divided between agricultural and wooded land. Tribe. — With the exception of a few Stonies, these are Cree Indians. Vital Statistics. — At the enumeration of last October, the population was one hundred and sixty-eight. The deaths for the year were four and the births ten. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band is good. Sanitary precautions i commence. Much was realized from a bountiful hay crop, ready sales of which were made in Ponoka and Wetaskiwin. The fishing at Pigeon lake was most successful, and prices very satisfactory. The 3iew settlements around the reserves became excellent markets for fish, and beyond these, three car-loads were sent to Calgary to supply that market. Before this work was completed, a great demand by fur-traders for musk-rat skins opened up another f-ource of income. The Indians caught and traded, after using the flesh for food, thirty thousand skins at an average of eleven cents each and were enabled to purchase, be- sides necessary groceries and clothing, some wagons, bob-sleighs, and double harness. The augurs in another way were signally fulfilled. But because just now at the beginning of another year, the aci*eage under culti- vation is not less but a little more than it was a year ago, it would not be correct to suppose that the Indians were not discouraged after the great hail-storm. It took much persuasion and even pressure to get many of them to purchase seed and try again. It was done. The seed is now under the surface of the ground and once more the prospect is good. Stock. — There was a further source of income from the cattle industry. The total number of cattle in round numbers is one thousand head, and of cattle- owners one hundred and thirty. The number of beeves slaughtered was a hundred 170 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 and forty, making a total weight of eighty-one thousand eight hundred pounds for food. Of this qiiantity the department purchased for the old and. sick and other in- oapables forty thousand pounds, and the balance of forty-one thousand eight hundred ^vas used by the owners for feeding themselves and families. The whole of this beef was taken into the agency stores and distributed in quant- ities of about ten pounds each, as required. The herd, while not allowed at present to increase beyond the present number, has vastly improved in quality. Fine young bulls of good breed were recently purchased, making now a total of twenty-five bulls distributed through the wljole band. The stock is in excellent con- dition and excites favourable comment. Buildings. — A fair advance has been made in the general comforts of the houses. Eight hundred saw-logs were cut and hauled by the Indians to their own saw-mill at this agency, and with the assistance of one white man, a sawyer, who was paid by the department, these logs were converted into lumber and shingles. Five new houses were erected. Many were improved by repairs and additions, and in many ways the Indian felt the benefit of such useful materials. Education. — The schools on the reserves are in charge of two denominations, the Methodist and Roman Catholic. The Methodists have two day schools and the Roman Catholics one boarding- school. The progress of the children in the latter is a treat to see. The attendance at the boarding school being regular and the care and supervision by the teachers being constant, make the progress of the pupils most marked and gratifying, not only to ihe teachers and parents, but to all who have any interest in Indian education. My monthly visits to the school during the past year have exhibited to me a step-by- step progress which hast demonstrated the immense advantage of a boarding school, where the influence of the teachers is constant and the home influence nil, over a day school, where the influence of the teacher is only a few hours a day, while the home influence is constant in another direction. I have been strongly impressed by the significance of the two systems. Religion. — Only a few of the Indians in this agency are pagans, and they mostly of the Montana band. The main body of the Indians are now about equally- divided between Roman Catholics and Methodists. There is a general interest in religious affairs. The days ■narked for holy days are generally kept and the religious ceremonies strictly ob- i^orved, excepting only when such ceremony is in opposition to some ingrained Indian custom handed down from anciertt times such as the ' sun dance,' and even in this pagan rite some compromise is g-enerally agreed upon. So they are really and properly (Christian Indians. Temi)erance and Morality. — Since my last annual report I have had ten cases • .f drunkenness brought before me. This number m a population of six hundred for the period of twelve months among a people with some taste for ' fire-water ' is not excessive. I only regret that in every case I was not able to secure the seller of the ■ ntoxicant or the 'intermediate' between the buyer and the seller. As to the tribe's morality, very little is ever heard against it. General Progress. — There has been progress both materially and mentally. The material progress is best recognized by the purchasing power the Indian individually has secured. Purchases from year to year overlap. I have recently made out a list of imple- ments, harness and heifers purchased by my Indians during the last three years. These purchases have together included seventeen wagons, fifteen bob-sleighs, fifteen mowers, nine horse-rakes, twenty-four double harness and thirty heifers, the total cost .'.mounting to $3,910. One-third of this, $1,300, shows the last year's material progress. So long as the Indians are advancing materially their environment is happily situated for mental progress, and they have also for their guidance the lamp of de- i MOOSE MOUNTAiy AGEXCY, X.W.T. 171 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 X)artmental experience. I have learned after associating with Indians for twenty-two jears not to expect too much. I have also learned the necessity of the continued ex- ercise on my part, first, last and all the time of continual patience. I have, &c., W. S. GRANT, India)! Agent. is'orthwest territories, East Assiniboia, Moose Mountain Agency, July 1, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the operations in this- agency, together with statistical statement and inventory of all government property under my charge, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. WHITE bear's band. Eeserve. — The White Bear's reserve is situated at the east end of the Moose moun- tains, about nine miles north of the town of Carlyle, and comprises an area of thirty thousand two hundred and eighty-eight acres. A large portion of this reserve is covered with poplar woods, hay meadows and lakes, in some of which fish are caught, such as pike and pickerel. The southeastern part of the reserve is fairly level, the soil is heavy clay loam, and isl well adapted for grain-raising. The reserve on the whole is well adapted for mixed farming. Logs of a good size and quality for building purposes are easily obtained. Tribe. — -The Indians occupying this reserve are a mixture of Crees, Saulteaux and Assiniboines. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of sixty-one men, sixty-nine women, forty boys and thirty-one girls, making a total of two hundred and one. There were eight births and nine deaths during the year, and three persons joined the band by marriage, which makes an increase of two for the year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good during the year, with the exception of the month of March ; all through that month grippe was prevalent, but no deaths occurred from the effects of this disease. Dr. Hardy was in attendance, and visited and prescribed for those requiring it. Dr. Hardy is the medical officer for this agency and has inspected the Indians regularly every month during the year ; he has been very attentive in the performance of his duties, and has always responded promptly when called upon. The sanitary condition of the Indian houses and premises has been well looked after ; the houses were whitewashed, and the Indians have nearly all provided them- selves with factory-made bedsteads. Those who could not afford these articles built raised beds for themselves out of poles and lumber. They have also by their industry been able to provide themselves with a better quality, and more variety, of food than formerly, and I think that this accounts in a great measure for the good state of health enjoyed by the band in general during the past year. 172 ' DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Resources. — The resources of this ag-ency are the growing of grain and root crops, cattle-raising, sale of dry fire-wood, logs, poles and willow posts. The fish obtained in some of the larger lakes form a valuable source of food-supply. Occupations. — Apart from farming and stock-raising, and the sale of wood already mentioned, the Indians derive much of their support from the digging of senega-root, dressing cow-robes for white settlers, and from the sale of fish and wild fruit. A little fur is still obtained during the fall and winter months, but this is not important now. The Indians also earn considerable by working for the neighbouring settlers during the harvest season. Their main occupation during the summer months, consists in the breaking of new land, weeding their gardens and making hay for the use of their stock during the winter months. The past year has been an exceptionally busy one for them ; material to construct a fence around the entire reserve, consisting of forty-six thousand pounds of barbed wire, eight hundred pounds of staples, and four thousand seven hundred and ninety cedar posts, had to be freighted from Carlyle to the agency, a distance of nine miles. The work of fence-building was started about June, and the portion of fence already completed (over twelve miles), consists of cedar posts placed thirty-five feet apart, and sunk three feet in the ground, with willow posts between placed about seven feet apart. Four strands of barbed wire are strung on these posts, which makes a very sub- stantial fence. This work was performed by the Indians themselves under direct sup- ervision from the agency staff, and the work has been well and neatly done. The material used in this fence was all paid for out of the proceeds of lands surrendered by the Indians in 1901. Buildings. — The Indians are gradually improving their buildings ; old houses are being replaced with new ones of a better class, and those who can afford it are roofing their houses with lumber and shingles. Stock. — The cattle were looked after during the past winter, and very few losses w'ere sustained. The fodder provided was ample for all requirements, and sufficient was left over for use during seeding. Six thoroughbred bulls are used in the 'herd. These valuable animals were cared for during the winter months by my assistant, Mr. tlack, at the agency headquarters, and they were in the best of condition when turned out with the herd. Farm Implements. — The Indians have provided themselves with an ample supply of farm implements, which are kept in a good state of repair. Education. — The White Bear's day school was opened on October 28, last. Miss Edith McDonald is the teacher, and although this has been her first experience at leaching Indian children, she has been very successful. Nineteen pupils are on the loll, and the average attendance has been very good. The pupils look clean and tidy and have made good progress. The school building is a frame structure 20 x 30 feet, lilaced on a stone foundation, and is well lighted with six windows, and provided with good ventilation. The Indians appear to take an interest in the school and visit it frequently. Religion. — Mr. Dodds, Presbyterian missionary, holds services for the benefit of the Indians every Sunday at the mission house. The attendance at these services is good ; a number of the Indians attend very regularly, and take a real interest in hear- ing the Scripture read and explained to them in their own language. Both Mr. and Mrs. Dodds are untiring in their efforts to raise the moral standard of the Indians, whose respect and confidence they have succeeded in gaining. Characteristics and Progress. — I feel justified in saying that most decided ad- vancement has been made in this agency during the past year. This year there are two hundred and forty acres of land under crop, one hundred and one acres of this being land cropped for the first time ; so far sixty acres of new land has been broken Tip this year. The Indians being more industrious, have increased in personal pos- sessions and comfort. No attempt was made to hold a sun, gift or other objectionable i ONION LAKE AG EXCY, X.W.T. 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 dance during the past year, and I am glad to be able to say that there is not a dance- house in this agency. During over ten years' experience in dealing with these Indians, I have never known them to be so contented with their lot and treatment. Two years ago councils were frequently held for the purpose of making complaints, and demands for food on the government, but during the past year the tone has entirely changed in this re- cpect. A more united effort has been made to make their own living, and their only requests have been for tools and implements to do this with ; this in itself I consider an evidence of progress. Temperance and Morality. — I have not had to deal with a single case of intem- perance amongst these Indians during the year, and have had no cause to complain of their moral conduct. General Remarks. — The buildings at the agency headquarters have been put in a good state of repair. Some additions were made to the stabling, and stone founda- tions were placed under the granary and farmhouse. Two convictions were obtained f- gainst white men for offering Indians liquor. I am pleased to say that in both cases the Indians refused to take the liquor, and by notifying me they assisted in bringing the men to account. Mr. L. J. A. Leveque, inspector of Indian agencies, audited the books, and made a thorough inspection of the agency in March last, and appeared to be well satsified with things in general. I have, &c., W. MURISON, Indian Agerit. Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan — Onion Lake Agency, Onion Lake, July 1, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the affairs of this agency for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903 ; also a tabular statement of statistics and an inventory of government property under my charge. The following are the reserves belonging to this agency: Seekaskootch, ISTo. 119; Weemisticooseahwasis, No. 120 ; Ooneepowhayo's, No. 121 ; Puskeeahkeeweein's, No. 122; Keeheewin's, No. 123; Chipewyan, 124. seekaskootch band, no. 119. Reserve. — This reserve contains an area of thirty-eight thousand four hundred acres, and is situated to the north of Fort Pitt on the Saskatchewan river. The north- ern portion is hilly and is wooded with poplar and pine. The centre is flat and has some marshes from which, in favourable seasons, a considerable quantity of hay is procured ; to the south there is fairly good pasture. Vital Statistics. — The population of this reserve is two hundred and seventy-six, made up as follows : fifty-nine men, seventy-four women and one hundred and forty- three children and young people under twenty-one years. Eleven births and thirteen deaths occurred and three were added to the band through migration. 174 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIBS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 WEMISTICOOSEAHWASIS BAND, NO. 120. Reserve. — This reserve adjoins Seekaskootch resei-ve on the western side, and contains fourteen thousand and eighty acres. The surface is rolling, the soil is light and it has numerous poplar groves and some good hay swamps. Vital Statistics. — The population is ninety-six, made up as follows : twenty- three men, twenty-four women and forty-nine children and young people. Three hirths and ten deaths occurred, and a further decrease of four was caused by migration. OONEEPOWHAYO'S BAND^ NO. 121. Reserve. — This reserve is situated round the south end of Frog lake, and contains an area of twenty-one thousand one hundred and twenty acres. The southern portion is hilly, and has numerous poplar groves intermixed with spruce ; towards the north it isi less hilly, and all over the soil is sandy loam. Hay is plentiful. Vital Statistics. — The population is ninety-two, made up of twenty-two men, twenty-eight women and forty-two children and young people. SijC births and seven deaths occurred and one was added to the band by migration. PUSKEEAHKEEWEEIX'S BAND, NO. 122. Reserve. — This reserve is on the west side of Frog lake and adjoins Ooneepow- hayo's reserve on the north and partly on the west. It contains an area of twenty-five thousand six hundred acres of undulating land Interspersed with poplar and spruce. The northern portion is swampy and in favourable seasons there are many spots where hay can be cut in considerable quantities. The soil is sandy loam. , Vital Statistics. — The population is thirty-one, made up of four men, ten women and seventeen children and young people. There was one birth and no deaths took place. keeheewin's band, no. 123. This reserve is situated about thirty-five miles northwest of Frog lake, and con- tains an area of seventeen thousand nine hundred and twenty acres. A large alkaline lake extends into the northern portion, which contains an island wooded with spruce and some birch. The southern part is hilly and covered with poplar, with here and there a few clumps of spruce. The interior is undulating land of rich loam. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and twenty-two, comprised of twenty^five men, thirty-two women and sixty-five children and young people. Six births and six deaths took place, and an increase of one is due to migration. Tribe. — The Indians belonging to the five resei-ves so far described belong to the Cree nation and are dealt with as one band under the head of * Seekaskootch band, No. 119.' The most industrious of these Indians have been collected on the two reserves ad- joining one another, known as Seekaskootch and Weemisticooseahwasis reserves ; on the former of which the agency headquarters are situated. On these two reserves the Indians do a little farming and keep a considerable number of cattle. The remaining members of the band derive a fairly good living by hunting, fishing, collecting senega- root, and freighting and doing other kinds of work for traders and settlers. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the Indians has been good and there are but few, with the exception of the very old and the blind, who are not able to do work of some kind ; but scrofula and consumption are more or les=; evident in the majority of families. Mortality has been chiefly among the young children. The i ONION LAKE AGENCY, N.W.T. 175 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 i-eserves have been free from epidemics, and particular attention is given to the clear- ing up of refuse and tilth in the spring, which is so apt to collect during the winter. Kesources and Occupations^ — The main industry of these Indians is cattle-raising, and the greater part of their surplus stock is profitably disposed of locally to the Hud- son's Bay Company and the respective missions, also to some of the settlers ; and this year the Indians supplied the greater part of the beef required for the agency ; they also occasionally butcher an animal for their own use. Farming is carried on only to a small extent, but the grain that is raised meets with ready sale locally. A small crop of wheat was raised, from which seventy-two sacks of flour were derived besides the proijortionate amount of bran, which was traded for flour and other provisions. Potatoes sufficient for their own requirements were grown ; but with regard to other root crops, few were gathered. Hunting is not altogether disregarded by these work- ing Indians, and the women gather roots, which they trade for provisions, clothing and other necessaries. An additional source of income has come within the reach of the Indians in the sale of lumber to the British colonists settled south of Fort Pitt. Dur- ing the winter and the early part of spring the Indians hauled logs to the department's saw-mill, some from the department's timber limit and some from other Dominion lands. In the neighbourhood of seventy-five thousand feet of lumber was cut in the spring, and the first sales, amounting to about twenty thousand feet, were made during the month of June just ended. It is expected there will be a ready sale for the re- mainder. Buildings. — There is an improvement noticeable in many of the Indian houses, but there is still much room for more. One very substantial house has been erected under the supervision and with the help of an agency employee. The erection of this was chiefly undertaken to set an example to the rest of the Indians, who have the same advantages at their disposal, and it is hoped they will follow it. There is not much improvement in their stables, but two good stables will be put up during the coming fall. Stock.- — The cattle owned by the Indians are well bred and are usually in first-class condition. The number at last round-up was five hundred and twenty-three. There is also a government herd, numbering six hundred and seventy head, cared for by these Indians, but it is intended to distribute about three hundred and seventy of these among the Indians, and after making provision for three years' beef -supply' to dispose of the remainder by sale. With the increased number of cattle in the hands of the Indians, it is hoped that they will, before long, be able to beef enough for their own requirements, which means the discontinuance of beef rations except, perhaps to a few old and helpless people. Two young thoroughbred bulls were supplied this year by -the department. There has always been feed enough to support these cattle," but last season the hay-lands on the reserves and in the vicinity were severely taxed to o-et what was required. Pai-m Implements. — The Indians have at present implements sufficient for thjeir requirements. Three mowers, one horse-rake and two wagons have been purchased out of their earnings during the past year ; two first-class bob-sleighs were also pur- chased. Education. — There are two boarding schools situated close to the agency head- quarters— one under the management of the Church of England and the other under +he management of the Eoman Catholic missions. Eighteen Indian children attend the former and forty-five the latter. In addition to these, however, there are some half-breed children boarding at the schools, and a few day scholars from the immediate ]'eighbourhood attend. Satisfactory progress is being made at both schools and in most cases the advantages gained by the pupils are appreciated by the parents. Religion. — At both the Church of England and Roman Catholic missions there are churches which are fairly well attended. The latter 'denomination predominates, -"nd in each there are certainly some who take an interest in the worship. 176 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Ciiaracteristics and Progress. — On the whole these Indians are industrious and law-abiding, and although they do not farm much, still many of them find work in ihe neighbourhood and are always on the look out for an opportunity to earn some- tliing. I can safely say that at present they are in better circumstances than they have been since I have been in charge here. Temperance and Morality. — I have no reason to think that any of the Indians are addicted to the use of intoxicants ; but with regard to morality, it is a virtue upon which they do not place suflacient importance. CHIPEWYAN BAND, NO. 124. Reserve. — These Indians are settled about sixty miles north of the agency head- quarters in a district through which flows the Beaver river and in the vicinity of Cold lake. They have not yet been allotted a reserve, but one will be surveyed for them during the coming fall. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Chipewyan tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population of the band is two hundred and fifty-six, made up as follows : fifty-two men, seventy-one women and one hundred and thirty-three c-hildren and young people under twenty-one years of age. Twelve births and eleven deaths have taken place and two have been added to the band through migration. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians have not been troubled with any epidemic during the past twelve months, several of them are afiiicted with consumption and umong the aged there are many blind ; otherwise the band may be considei-eid fairly healthy. Many of the houses are kept nice and clean, while others are the reverse. In spring there is a general cleaning up of all the rubbish and filth that have accu- mulated round the houses during the winter. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians receive very little assistance from ihe department, but procure a good living by hunting, trapping, fishing and working for the Hudson's Bay Company and other traders. They also keep cattle, from which they derive their beef-supply, but they only kill when they cannot get animal food !.)v hunting. Buildings. — The Chipewyan houses are of a superior kind to those of the Creea of this agency ; they all have pitched roofs and some good worlonanship is displayed m the building. The stables, with few exceptions, are remudded every fall and made snug for the winter. Stock. — Considering that these Indians are left almost entirely to their own resources, they look well after their cattle. It is true that some of them ran short of hay last winter, but it had been an unusually long and cold one and many of the places where formerly they used to cut were last fall too wet to mow. The number of cattle owned by these Indians at present is about three hundred and twenty-six. Farm Implements. — This band is well supplied with mowers, horse-rakes and wagons, which they have purchased with their earnings. Education. — There are at present six children of the Chipewyan band boarding at the Roman Catholic school at Onion Lake, there not*being any school in the neigh- bourhood. Formerly there was a day school at the settlement, but it was closed on account of the poor attendance. It is a noticeable fact that most of the ChipewyanI Indians speak Cree, while it is a rarity to find a Cree who can speak the Chipewyan language. Religion. — All these Indians belong to the Roman Catholic Church, under the auspices of which there is a mission and church in their midst. They seem devoted to their religion, and paganism is extinct amongst them. Characteristics and Progress. — The Chipewyan are a well behaved and law-abiding people. They are good hunters and trappers, and in such pursuits they are industrious. 1 PEI9AN AOESCy, X.W.T. 177 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 and owing to their good fox-tune in that direction, they have been in good circum- stances during the past twelve months. Temperance and Morality. — Intemperance is not a vice of these Indians ; and morally they conduct themselves in a manner that compares favourably with most Indian bands. I have, &c., W. SIBBALD, Indian Agent. Northwest Territories, Alberta — Peigan Agency, MACLEOD, August 30, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the report of this agency for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903, together with the usual statement of agricultural and industrial statistics covering the same period. Reserve. — The Peigan reserve is situated on the Old Man's river, west of Macleod. Its form is almost square and its area one hundred and eighty-one and two-fifths square miles, or more than one hundred and sixteen thousand acres. In addition to the reserve proper, the Peigans have, in the Porcupine hills, a timber limit containing eleven and a half squaie miles. The Crow's Nest railway passes through the reserve from the northeast to the southwest corners, there being fifteen miles of track and two sidings (Xos. 5 and 6) within the reserve limits. This reserve is composed of undulating prairie-land and untimbered hills, all being suitable for grazing purposes. Favourably situated among the hills are several large springs of good water, to which the range cattle have easy access throughout the year, while the Old Man's river, which flows through the reserve, and Beaver creek, which enters from the north, afford an abundance of water during the open season. Tribe. — The Peigans are a portion of one of the three tribes, Blackfeet, Bloods and Peigans, which form the Blackfoot nation or family in the great Algonkian linguistic stock. These Peigans are commonly, and more accurately, designated the 'North Pei- gans ' in order to distinguish them from the larger branch of the tribe, the ' South Peigans,' who are United States Indians located in Montana. Population. — The population of the reserve is five hundred and nineteen, consist- ing of one hundred and sixty men, one hundred and sixty-eight women and one hun- dred and ninety-one children under sixteen years of age. Further details in connection with this subject are shown in the tabular statement. Health and Sanitation.— The general health of the Peigan Indians has been some- what better during the year than it was last year, though some twenty-five deaths have been reported since the annuity payment in November. Th^t scourge of the Indian race, consumption, in its various forms, notably that of scrofula, is responsible for much of the heavy death-rate. Resources ard Occupations. — The cattle industry has been chosen as the principal occupation of the Peigans because their reservation is so peculiarly suitable for that business and also because the people themselves are naturally inclined to the care of live stock. Cattle. — The disastrous snow-storm which occurred in May had the effect of redu- cing the calf crop throughout the whole district including this reserve. Our branding 27— i— 12 178 ■ DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 numbered three hundred and sixty-three calves, which is estimated to be about one hundred short of what would have been branded but for the May snow-storm. Following the custom adopted five years ago, the Indian cattle were counted this year, and were found to total seventeen hundred" and twelve head as compared with fourteen hundred and twenty-three last year, a not unsatisfactory showing, taking all things into consideration. As an indication that the Peigans have in late years used more intelligent methods in the handling of their cattle, it might be noted that these Indians began their stock-raising in the early eighties with several hundred cows, but after an experience extending over a decade and a half — long enough for their herd to increase to thousands — they had but five hundred and sixty-seven head in 1898, which, however, increased to seven hundred and seventy-four in the following year, nine hundred and fifty-seven in 1900, twelve hundred and six in 1901, fourteen hun- dred and twenty-three in 1902, and over seventeen hundred this year, making in all a five years' record sufficiently encouraging to justify a belief that, by means of ^.he cattle industry, the Peigans can be made a self-supporting people. The time necessary to accomplish this result will be long or short according to the care with which the pre- sent herd is managed and to the amount of assistance rendered by the department in the form of heifers with which to start in business those Indians who are still quite destitute. The quality of the cattle on this reserve has been greatly improved by the introduc- tion of thoroughbred bulls from Ontario. In fact it is recognized that the Indian cattle compare well with ranchers' herds in this important respect. Buildings and Implements. — The continuous home consumption of lumber from our saw-mill is making its mark on the reserve, and frame houses are becoming more conspicuous on every hand. Among the many Indian houses erected during the last year are Bad Boy's cottage, 30 x 30, and Heni-y Potts' house, 30 x 30, with a full half- storey upstairs. Some wagons were as usual purchased during the year, and a number of mowers and rakes as well as harness. Education. — The Church of England and the Roman Catholic boarding schools, in which are forty Indian pupils, still continue with commendable zeal their efforts to elevate the mental and moral standard of the children entrusted to their care. Fence. — The fencing of the reserve was completed this year by the erection of twenty miles of fence on the north and west boundaries. The Peigan reserve is now completely inclosed by fifty-two miles of four-wire fence, substantially built with red- fir posts and interlaced droppers at intervals of a few feet, each dropper being fastened with baling wire to all the fence wire, thus making a strong durable fence. Hay-making. — In addition to the usual supply of hay for the wintering of their own cattle, the Indians put up by contract a large quantity for white people. Sixty Indians cut, hauled and stacked fifteen hundred and nineteen loads in twelve days' actual work, though some of the hay was stacked twelve miles from the cutting ground ; the best day's work was one hundred and fifty loads, which measured more than seventy-five tons. Saw-mill. — On account of fence-building and other work the saw-mill cut was smaller this year than usual, one hundred and thirty thousand feet being the quantity manufactured, of which fifty thousand feet was made into matched flooring and sid- ing. Since the saw-mill was purchased four years ago, it has been in operation each spring for a short period of from one to three months, the quantity of lumber manu- factured aggregating one million one hundred and twelve thousand feet. I have, &c., R. N. WILSON, Indian Agent. i rnLLY AGENCY, N.W.T. 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Northwest Territories, AssiNiBOiA — Pelly Agency^ Cote, July 31, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my first annual report from this agency, to- gether with the tabular statement and inventory of government property under my charge. I arrived here from the Edmonton agency on May 27, last ; consequently my report will necessarily be limited. Reserves. — There are three i-eserves in this agency, viz. : Cote's, No. 64 ; Key's, No. 65 ; Kisickonse's, No. 66. The total area of the three reserves is seventy-eight thousand seven hundred and eighty-four acres; about thirty-one thousand acres of this is nearly all covered with small poplar, unfit for timber, but on the west side of Key's reserve there is considerable good spruce, suitable for log buildings. All the reserves are well watered, there being numeroiis small lakes and creeks, the latter flowing from the Duck mountains and emptying into the Assiniboine river, which bounds the three resicrves on the west. Most of the soil is a deep clay loam, with the exception of a small portion of Kisickonse's reserve, which is sand, known as ' The Sandy Knolls.' The country is rolling and part of it is park-like and picturesque. cote's band, no. 64. Reserve. — The nearest or south, edge of this reserve lies forty-five miles north- east of the town of Yorkton, and comprises fifty-six and a-half square miles, or thirty- six thousand one hundred and sixty acres. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Saultea\ix nation. Vital Statistics. — The actual number of souls in this band, taken at the annuity payments completed here this month, was two hundred and fifty-five, consisting of fifty-seven, men, sixty-three women, seventy-four boys and sixty-one girls. There were, during the year, eleven births and sixteen deaths, thirteen of these being infants ; the three adults died from, consumption. Health and Sanitation. — I learn that the health of the Indians in the agency has been good during the year, there having been no epidemic. There are the usual cases of the Indian's bane, scrofula and consumption, to be found amongst them. Tuberculosis appears to have carried off most of the children. Dr. Cash, the medical attendant, who has just been up for the annuity payments, appears, from what I have seen, to be very painstaking and careful in his work. Education. — The children of this reserve are educated at the Crowstand boarding school, which is situated close to the southeast corner of the reserve. A few are at the Regina industrial school. Religion. — One hundred and sixty-four of these people are Presbyterians ; they have a church on their reserve, which they attend very regularly. Rev. Mr. Mc- Whinney, the principal of the Crowstand school, is their pastor. There are twenty- three Roman Catholics, who attend the church on Kisickonse's reserve, and sixty- eight pagans. key's band, no. 65. Reserve. — This reserve lies three miles west of Fort Pelly, and is about seventy :!niles from Yorkton ; its area is thirty-eight square miles or twenty-four thousand three hundred and twenty acres. 27— i— 12* 180 DEPARTMENT OF I^WIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Tribe. — These Indians are Swampy Crees. Vital Statistics. — This band has a population of seventy-five, made up of seven- teen men, eighteen women, seventeen boys and twenty-three girls. During the year there were six births and five deaths, all adults, one from old age, one from heart disease and three from consumption. Education. — The children attend the day school on the reserve very regularly. Religion. — There are thirty-three members of the Church of England on the reserve ; they have a very neat little church under the charge of the Rev. Owen Owens, who is missionary and school teacher. There are six Roman Catholics and thirty- .six pagans. kisickonse's band, no. 66. Reserve. — This reserve adjoins Cote's on the north and runs two miles northeast of Fort Pelly, bounded on the east by the Duck mountains and west by the Assini- boine river. It is about sixty-five miles from Yorkton. It contains twenty-eight and a-half square miles or eighteen thovisand three hundred and four acres. Tribe. — These people are Saulteaux, the same as Cote's band. Vital Statistics. — There are one hundred and forty-eight souls in this baud, com- prising thirty-four men, forty- two women, thirty-five boys and thirty-seven girls. 'Ihere were eight births and five deaths during the year ; four children and one adult died from cancer. Education. — There is no school in operation on this reserve, the day school having been closed about a year ago. A large boarding school which is being built by the Roman Catholic Church is nearing completion ; it is situated just off the east edge of the reserve, and should be ready for pupils by September. Religion. — The religious denominations are represented on this reserve as follows : sixty-seven Roman Catholics, sixteen Anglicans, sixteen Presbyterians and forty-nine pagans. The Roman Catholics have a church on the reserve, under the charge of the Rev. Father de Corby. The services are well attended. The Rev. Father contemplates moving the church and his own residence up to near the site of the new boarding school. This will not be so convenient, as it will be four miles from the majority of the people. Resources and Occupations. — I would say from what I see that the Indians on the three reserves have, in the past, made their living by cattle-raising and hunting, helped by the little fishing they do in the Assiniboine river. A good deal of sugar is made for home consumption from the maple-trees that grow along the river bank. Farming has been gone into to a small extent. They had a very good crop of oats last year, which gave them encouragement to increase the acreage from two hundred and thirty- three to three hundred and two acres. A number of the young men earn considerable money in log-driving on the rivers and working in saw-mills and for surveyors. The Canadian Northern railway, which is now grading its new road through the south part of Cote's reserve, is giving a large amount of employment to Indians who have horse- teams to put on the work. This work gave these people a good market for hay they had over from last winter, which sold to the railway company at $7 and $8 a ton. The women earn a good deal of money from the sale of bead-work, which they sell in the towns of Yorkton and Swan River. However, as I have said, cattle-raising is their chief means of living ; during the past year they sold to a cattle-buyer niiety-four head of cattle, comprising sixty three-year-old steers, thirty cows and four oxen, for which they were paid in cash $3,777. Besides these, one hundred and three head were sold or killed and consiimed for food, at a money valuation of $3,000, making a total derived during the year from their cattle of $6,867. Buildings. — These are of a very fair class taking them as a whole ; they are nearly all one and a half storeys high ; there are two which are two storeys and five have shingled roofs, the remainder being thatched. i FELLY AGENCY, N.W.T. 181 SESSIONAL PAPLft No. 27 Stock. — The cattle on these reserves are a splendid lot, as may be judged from the average vreight of the sixty three-year-old steers sold last year, viz., 1,270 pounds, the best one weigliing 1,520 pounds, which brought tiie owner $54.72. These steers sold at $3.60 per hundred, live weight. The average weight of the shipping steers was 1,346 pounds. I took over from my predecessor six hundred and fifty-eight head of cattle on the three reserves, not counting this year's calves. There are seventeen pure-bred shorthorn bulls on the reserve. Farm Implements. — I find these people very short of the most necessary farm im- plements ; they may have had sufficient to answer their requirements in the past, but now upon the advent of the railway, I trust to see them settle down to steady farming. They have been so generously treated by the government in the past, in the supply of implements, which were allowed to rot, that I have been trying to impress upon them to buy what they require for themselves, and cease asking the government to ' Pay, pay, pay.' I am pleased to be able'^o report that my efforts have not been all in vain, as the Indians have got me to purchase for them already, four ploughs, four disc-harrows, a wagon, a mowing-machine, three horses and a new twelve-horse power for their threshing-machine. Characteristics and Progress. — Prom what I have seen, I should say these people are a law-abiding, quiet lot, seemingly very willing to have their condition improved. They go neatly dressed and keep their persons very clean and tidy ; as they do the large majority of their houses. I cannot speak of their progress, owing to my short sojourn amongst them, but I have induced them to break up over one hundred acres of new land, which area would have been much larger, had it not been for the railway work going on on the reserve, where all men who had good horse-teams were working. It may be thought progress on the part of the Indians that two of them got me to insure their crops for them against hail this year. Temperance and Morality. — I regret I cannot write favourably on these subjects, as I find there is considerable intemperance on the reserves in this agency, esipecially on Cote's reserve. Certainly my short experience points that way, for already I have had five convictions; fortunately I have been able to get to the source of the trouble, and get convictions against the hotel-keepers who supplied, the Indians with the liquor, both in the towns of Yorktown and Swan River. Their morals compare favourably with other bands, but there is much room for improvement. General Eemarks. — It is said that wheat will not grow here successfully, although the Doukhobors ripen it aci'oss the river ; therefore I consider that with proper culti- vation it can be grown here. Oats are the only grain sown here this year, and at the date of writing most of the fields look very promising. There are a number of school graduates in this agency, who are very anxious to begin fanning, but have not the necessarj- implements or horses to do so. I trust that some arrangements can be made whereby these young men can get an outfit on pay- back-so-much-a-year system to start them. As can be imagined, the Indians are much excited over the advent of the railway and talk of the company wanting a piece of land on Cote's reserve for a townsite, where the road crosses the Assiniboine river. The staff here consists of a clerk, Mr. P. Pischer, who also acts as interpreter and storekeeper, an Indian labourer and myself. I have, &c., H. A. CARRUTHERS, Indian Agent. 182 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 'Northwest Territories, assiniboia, Qu'Appelle Agexcy, August 17, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the lionour to submit my annual report for the year ended June 30, together with statistical statement and inventory of government property in my charge. The following are the reserves included in this agency : Piapot, No. 75 ; Standing Buffalo, No. 78; Pasquah, No. 79; Muscowpetung, 'l!^o. 80; Peepeekeesis, No. SI; Okanase, No. 82 ; Star Blanket, No. 83 ; and Little Black Bear, No. 84. piapot band, no, 75. Reserve. — This reserve comprises the whole of township 20 and a portion of township 21, in range 18, west of the 2nd meridian, and contains a total area of fifty- eight square miles. The farming land on this reserve is light, and in dry seasons it is difficult to grow grain. The valley portion of the reserve contains an enormous amount of hay, a large portion of which is cut by the Indians every year, to be fed to the stock or sold at a high price in Regina and elsewhere. Tribe. — The Indians of this band, with one or two exceptions, belong to the Cree tribe. Vital Statistics. — The population numbers one hundred and forty-five, consisting of forty-four men, fifty-three women, twenty-six boys, and twenty-two girls. There were two births and seven deaths during the past twelve months. Health and Sanitation. — Generally speaking, the health of this band for the past year has been good. The sanitary regulations of the department were carried out as tar as it was possible to do so. Occupations. — Grain-growing and stock-raising and putting up large quantities of hay for stock and sale are the principal occupations of these Indians. Buildings. — The buildings here are not large, but they are comfortable. During the year a great many houses and stables were torn down and new ones were built on different locations, and I am pleased to say that in many cases the Indians h^ve built off by themselves, away from the village. Stock. — The cattle on this reserve are a fine lot and are increasing steadily. The natural increase this year will be even greater than it was last. The Indians of this band own a great many ponies which are of little or no use ; in fact they are a draw- back, as time is lost in putting up hay and feeding these animals. Education. — These Indians are perhaps taking a little more interest in the educa- tion of their children. I am quite safe in saying that the opposition to schools on this reserve is not nearly so strong as it was a few years ago. Implements. — These Indians purchased six new wagons, six bob-sleighs and a seed-drill during the year, all of which were paid for by the Indians themselves. Characteristics and Progress. — I can safely say that this band has made good ])rogress during the year. Their crop last season amounted to six thousand three hundred and eighty-six bushels, which was far more than was grown any previous year. The fact that they sold a large quantity of cattle, beef, hay and wood in addi- tion to their crop shows that the Indians have worked well during the year, and it is a satisfaction to know that the proceeds of the sale of this grain, beef and. hay, «^c., were well spent. i QV'AFPELLE AGENCY, N.W.T. 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 No rations were ifeued to these Indians excepting to a few old women w'ho are uiiable to provide for themselves. Temperance and Morality. — A few cases of intemperance have come to my notice during the year. The liquor was supplied by half-breeds in most cases. MUSCOWPETUNG BAND, NO. 80. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the Qu'Appelle river, between Piapot and Pasquah reserves, and contains an area of fifty-eight square miles. That portion in the "\ alley of the Qu'Appelle contains a large quantity of hay, and the upland portion is lirst-class farming land, being far superior to the land on Piapot reserve adjoining. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of twenty-four men, thirty-one women, seventeen boys and eighteen girls. There were four births and seven deaths during Jbe year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the band throughout the year has been fairly good and the sanitary regulations of the department are well carried out. Resources and Occupations. — The occupations of these Indians are about the same as those of Piapot band, viz., mixed farming, stock-raising and putting 'up hay for sale, &c. Stock. — The Indians of this band have a fine herd of cattle, some two hundred and sixteen head, an increase of thirty-four head over last year, after deducting what was sold and beefed for their own use. This band had a large crop last year and the area under crop this year is nearly doubled. Sufiicient grain was sold last year by these Indians to equip themselves with several new ploughs and other small implements. They sold quite a few cattle to buyers, and as a result had quite a sum of money to spend during the winter, with which they purchased provisions and clothing. About one hundred and seventy-five acres of new land were broken this spring and about one hundred and fifty acres of land ploughed last fall, and a large amount of new wire fencing was built. The stock was well cared for last winter and came through in fine order. Buildings. — The buildings on this reserve are small but comfortable. Education.— These Indians take very little interest in the education of their children, although I must say that the opposition to schools is not nearly so strong as it has been in the past. Implements. — The band is now fairly well equipped w'ith implements, which are carefully housed every fall. Religion. — Xearly all the Indians of this band are pagans. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band have w^orked well during the year ; many of them have ploughed new fields and built new wire fences, and from the fact that no assistance whatever has been given to them by the government, although they have lived better, taken better care of their stock and doubled their acre- age, I think I can safely say that substantial progress has been made. A glance over the reserve will show this at once. Temperance and Morality. — I have pleasure in saying that no cases of intemper- ance or immorality in this band have come to my notice during the year. PASQLAH BAND, NO. 79. Reserve. — This resei-ve lies about six miles west of the village of Fort Qu'Appelle and has as its northern boundary the upper Qu'Appelle lake. It extends back about eight miles and covers an area of about sixty square miles. A large portion of this reserve lies in the valley of the Qu'Appelle, and, although the supply of hay is not so great, still there is sufiicient for what stock the Indians have. The upland portion of the re;=erve contains some beautiful farming lands. There is quite a lot of timber on 18 i DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN' AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 this reserve and the Indians have no difficulty in obtaining suitable logs for building purposes as well as a large quantity of fire-wood for sale. Tribe. — The Indians here belong to the Saulteaux tribe with a slight admixture of Cree. Vital Statistics. — There are thirty-one men, fifty women, eighteen boys and thirty- five girls in this band, making a population of one nundred and thirty-four. During the year there were five births and nine deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of this band throughout the year has been good, no epidemic of any kind having visited them. The Indians of this band are, as a rule, very cleanly in their habits, the women keep nice clean houses and their children are always neat and tidy. Xearly all, if not all, of these Indians are vacci- nated. Resources and Occupations. — The Indians of this band depend almost entirely on mixed farming for a livelihood and some of tliem are now what would be classed a3 well-to-do farmers, growing from twelve hundred to two thousand bushels of grain each year. They have broken over a hundred acres of new land this spring, as well as ploughing a large amount of summer-fallow. They have also built a large quantity of new wire fencing, and the reserve has quite a thrifty appearance. Last year the Indians had a record crop, and the prosjTects for a much larger one this year ?.re good, as the acreage under crop is considerably increased. Buildings. — The buildings on this reseiwe are far superior to those on the two reserves first mentioned ; in fact they are quite as good as many of those of the white settlers surrounding. As I said before, the resen^e contains some fine timber and the Indians can easily obtain good building material. Implements. — This band is well equipped with farming machinei-y. During the year three wagons, three seeders, one binder, two sleighs, one gang-plough and three sets of disc-harrows were purchased and paid for by themselves out of the proceeds of the sale of their crop and cattle. Education. — The Indians here take more interest in the education of their children than either of the two bands above-mentioned ; there is hardly a child of school age in the band that is not attending school. Stock. — The cattle here are shorthorn grade stock and are a fine lot. Many of the Indians own good horses, there being three or four teams owned en the reserve that could not be bought for $400 to-day. Religion. — Most of these Indians profess Christianity, and the Roman Catholic and Presbyterian bodies have neat little stone churches on the reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this reserve as a whole have made good progress during the year. I may mention particularly Thomas Stevenson, who threshed twelve hundred and thirty bushels of wheat, three hundred and seventy-two bushels of oats and ploughed about one hundred acres of land. This ?nan owns five or six heavy horses and twelve head of cattle. Sam. Cyr threshed fourteen hundred and thirty-four bushels of wheat, and three hundred and thirty-eight bushels of oats. .With the proceeds of his c'op he purchased a fine team of heavy Canadian mare^^, valued at $375 and a set of disc-harrows. He also purchased lumber for a new addition to his house. George Thome, Pierre McDonald and Wm. Dubois have also made good pro- gress during the year, each having increased his farming operations considerably. Temperance and Morality. — 'No cases of intemperance or immoral itv have come to my notice during the year. STAXDIXG BUFFALO BAND, NO. VS. Reserve. — This reserve is situated in townships 21 and 22, in range 14, wost of the 2nd meridian, and contains an area of seven square miles. The soil is light, and unless the season is wet, it is difficult to grow grain. i Q U'A PPEL LE A GENC Y, N. W. T. 185 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Tribe. — The Indians of this reserve belong to the Sioux or Dakotas, and many of them were formerly residents of the United States. Population. — This band has a population of two hundred and twelve. Health and Sanitation. — The Indians here are very healthy ; in fact there is less sickness on this reserve than on any other of the eight reserves in the agency. I notice very little scrofula or consumption among them. The houses are exceedingly clean and the yards and premises are thoroughly cleaned and the debris burnt every spring. On no reserve in the agency do the Indians keep themselves neater and cleaner than do these Sioux, and this remark applies to eveiy man, woman and child. They are cer- tainly a neat and clean lot of Indians, and it is a pleasure to visit them in their houses. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians depend entirely on grain-growing and working out for white farmers as a means of earning a livelihood, there being no sur- plus wood or hay on their reserve that could be sold. As farmers they have been fairly successful, and last year was a very prosperous one indeed for tliem, they having threshed out the largest crop they ever had, and the area under crop this year has been increased by one-half over what it was last year, and from the present outlook I should say that the crop will be equally as good. This spring a large area of new land was broken, which means that there will be a still larger area under crop next year. In the fall a great many of these Indians go out to work for farmers and receive as much as two and a half dollai's a day for their work. These people are energetic and are never in want, as they can always find work in the neighbourhood and command good wages. A large amount of wire fencing was put up this spring and the reserve has a I)usiness-like look about it. These Indians take good care of their cattle as a rule, and I never have occasion to find fault with them for neglect of their stock. The Sioux women are good gardeners and nearly every old woman on the reserve has a potato and corn patch, which is well kept. Buildings. — On account of not having building logs on the reserve, the houses are not very large ; they are very comfortable, however, and are well built. Implements. — The band is well supplied with farm implements and during the past twelve months two new binders and several wagons were purchased by the Indians. The Sioux take good care of their implements. Eeligion. — Most of the Indians of this band profess the Eoman Catholic faith, and many of them are regular attendants at church. Education. — Nearly all, if not all, of the children of school age belonging to this band are attending school. Many of the Indians of this band can read and write, and it is not a difficult matter pointing out to these people the advantage of having their children educated. Temperance and Morality. — !N"o cases of intemperance or immorality have come t'l my notice during the year. FILE HILLS BANDS. Reserves. — The Indians of these bands occupy four reserves, viz., Peepeekeesis hand occupies reserve ISTo. 81; Okanase band, No. 72; Star Blanket band, No. 83; and Little Black Bear band. No. 84. The four reserves comprise a total area of one hundred and twenty-six square miles, situated about twenty miles northeast of Fort Qu'Appelle. Tribe. — The Indians of the four bands belong to the Cree tribe. Vital Statistics. — The total population of the four bands is two hundred and fifty souls, made up as follows : seventy-three men, sixty-seven women, forty-three boys and sixty-seven girls. Twenty-five Indians returned to the reserves during the year and seven left the limits of the agency. Resources and Occupations. — The natural resources of these reserves are hay and •wood, of which there is a large quantity. The main occvipation of the Indians here is 186 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 mixed farming, at which they have been most successful. The herds of cattle have largely increased, after selling a large number of steers to buyers and beefing what cattle they require for their own use. They also grew some fourteen thousand five hundred bushels of grain and with the proceeds of sale were able to purchase for them- selves a new J. I. Case threshing engine, separator and tank, all of which were paid for at once, and in addition to this many of them purchased new wagons, mowers, binders and other articles of machinery. The Indians of Peepeekeesis and Okanase bands, as well as those in the school-boy colony, have worked well during the year, and as a result the area under crop this year will be nearly double what it wris last year, and this spring over seven hundred acres of new land have been broken, which means that the land ready for crop next spring will be increased largely over that of this year. We have five or six young men in the school-boy colony who have only been in the colony one year and yet have from forty to fifty acres of crop, and there are three young men who have only been in the colony two years who have over ninety acres of crop and are still increasing their acreage each year. A number of the boys in the colony are putting up new buildings and are paving for the same out of their earnings through work, or from proceeds of their crop. About six new lumber granaries, each 16 x 20, and three new log stables will be built next month, the material being now on the ground. Several hundred acres of new land were broken in this colony this spring and several of the boys who were iillotted eighty acres have broken this up and are now on their second allotment. The Indians of these bands have built a large pasture fence, inclosing some four- teen thousand acres of land, at no expense whatever to the department. The cattle are now inside this fence, and I expect to have very little trouble in the future hunting lip cattle. Stock. — The stock belonging to these Indians is improving steadily in quality and rhe herd now numbers some ten hundred and fifty head. These Indians have been ti.-ing a thoroughbred Clyde stallion for the last two years, and, as they own a fine lot of heavy brood mares weighing from ten to fourteen hundred pounds, they should, in a short time have a fine lot of young horses. Education. — These Indians are taking far more interest in the education of their children than they did formerly ; in fact there is now no opposition to schools. A large number of children attend the Qu'AppeUe industrial school and about sixteen attend the File Hills boarding school. Temperance and Morality. — Xo cases of intemperance or immorality have come to my notice since my last report. In conclusion I can say that the Indians of the whole eight reserves in this agency have made good progress during the year. Little or no assistance has been asked for from the department, and still the Indians were never in such a prosperous condition. The whole staff has worked hard and faithfully and the work of the agency has greatly increased during the year. I have, &c., W. M. GEAHAM, Indian Agent. i SADDLE LAKE AGEyCY, X.W.T. 187 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Northwest Territories, Alberta — Saddle Lake Agency, Saddle Lake, July 1, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended June 30, 1903, with statistical statement and inventory of government property. saddle lake band, no. 125 (including blue quill's, no. 127). Eeseive. — This reserve is situated in townships 57 and 58, ranges 10, 11, 12 and 13, west of the fourth meridian. The area, inclusive of Blue Quill's reserve, Xo. 127, ad- joining it to the west, is eighty-two thousand five hundred and sixty acres. The surface to the north and west is rolling prairie-land, while to the southeast it is comparatively level. There are numerous small hay swamps scattered over the reserve, some of which produce a good supply of hay ; of timber, poplar groves abound all over, with an occasional clump of spruce. One of the best features of the reserve is its adaptability for stock-raising. Saddle lake is situated close to the northern bound- ary about midway between the northwest and northeast corners. Tribe. — The Indians occupying this reserve belong to the Cree nation. Vital Statistics. — The population, including Blue Quill's band, IsTo. 127, numbers two hundred and forty-five souls, consisting of sixty-four men, sixty-eight women and one hundred and thirteen children. There was an increase of two persons as compared with the previous year, accounted for as follows : the births numbered fifteen, deaths fourteen, two Indians joined the band by marriage and one left the band through marriage. Health and Sanitation. — During the year the general health of the Indians of this agency was good, with the exception of an epidemic of whooping-cough, and pneumonia, which was prevalent amongst the children this spring, many of them dying from it. The usual precautions were taken with reference to burning up refuse, and white- washing, and an improvement is noticeable in the sanitary condition and appeai'ance of the houses. Resources and Occupations. — The principal industry followed by these Indians is stock-raising, and from it they derive a considerable portion of their revenue. But it entails a great deal of work ; in summer the securing of a sufficient quantity of hay, and in the winter, the hauling of it from long distances keep the stock-owners busy. The grain crops were very fair last year. A portion of the wheat was ground for the Indians, making about sixty-nine sacks of flour. When not engaged in farming pursuits, some of the Indians get work freighting, and during the latter part of the winter and spring a large! number of them devoted their time to hunting musk-rats, which were exceedingly numerous. Buildings. — During the year one house and two stables were erected on this reserve. The dwellings are of log^ and well built. In summer few are occupied, as the Indians prefer living under canvas in the warm weather. Stock. — The cattle belonging to this band are in good condition, and during t^e year there has been a fair increase. Farm Implements. — These Indians have a very fair supply of machinery, and during the year purchased one mower, three ploughs, one wagon, two sets of double harness and three sets of ox harness, with moneys derived from freight! ijg- and oiher earnings. Education. — The day school situated on the Saddle Lake portion of the reserve, is under the auspices of the Methodist Church, and has been conducted with only 188 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 moderate success, on account of irregular attendance, due chieflj' to the indifference of the Indians. On that portion of the reserve occupied by Blue Quill's band, is situated a Roman Catholic mission in conection with which a boarding school is successfully conducted. During the year satisfactory progress has been made by the pupils in their educational and industrial studies. The most perfect order and discipline prevail in the insti- tution. Religion. — The Indians of the Saddle Lake reserve are principally Methodists. Mr. Chas. W. Leonard is in charge of the mission, and regular services are held in the school-house. The members of Blue Quill's band nearly all belong to the Roman Catholic faith. The Rev, Father Baiter is the resident missionary, and the Indians regularly attend the Sunday services. Characteristics and Progress. — A few of these Indians may be called industrious, but the majority are not so inclined ; still they may be said to be progressing. They 5-how a strong tendency to improve the condition of their dwellings, and spend their earnings judiciously in the purchase of implements, thus bettering their condition. They are a quiet and law-abiding people, and are clean and well dressed in their per- sonal appearance. Temperance and Morality. — During the year no cases of intemperance have come before my notice, and the general morality of the Indians has improved. JAMES SEENUM's BAND, NO. 12S. Reserve. — This reserve is situated north of Saddle lake, in townships 61 and 62, ranges 12 and 13, west of the 4th meridian, and occupies an area of eleven thousand" two hundred acres. It is a long strip of land of about twelve miles in length, running north and south along the shores of Gopdfish lake and Whitefish lake. The greater part is undulating, and wooded with poplar and a little spruce. The land is very stony in parts, but grain and roots can be successfvdly grown in favourable seasons. The lake from which the reserve derives its name is an extensive sheet of water, and abounds with whitefish and jackfish. Tribe. — The Indians of this band belong to the Cree tribe. Vital Statistics. — This reserve has a population of three hundred and twenty- seven, made up of seventy-nine men, one hundred women, and one hundred and forty- eight children. There were fourteen births and eighteen deaths in the band during the year, being a decrease of four souls. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of this band at present is good, and could have been considered so throughout the year, but for the prevalence, during the winter and spring of whooping-cough, and pneumonia. Sanitary measures are en- forced as strictly as possible. Resources and Occupations. — Mixed farming is followed by the people of this reserve. The gi'ain crops last season were fair, and about one hundred and eighty-five sacks of flour were produced from a portion of the wheat crop grown by the Indians, and ground at the grist-mill on the reserve. Stock-raising must, however, be regarded as the principal source of livelihood for these Indians, and the country is well adapted for it. Outside of their usual routine labour on the reserve, a few of the men in the noithern part engage in ti'ading and* working on the Hudson's Bay Company's boats. Others do a little hunting. A good supply of fish is generally taken from the lakes, and proves a valuable assistance to the people during the winter-time. Buildings. — Four new log houses have been built this year, and an improvement is quite noticeable in the appearance of the same. The houses are warm and com- fortable when occupied. Stock. — The stock on this reserve is in good condition and the increase satis- factory. i SARCEE AGENCY, N.W.T. 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ' Education. — There are two day schools on this reserve, one at Goodfish lake, to- wards the south end, and the other at Whitefish lake, towards the north end of the leserve. Both schools are under the management of the Methodist Church, and throughout the year there has been a grood attendance at both. They are doing good work and the progress is satisfactory. Religion. — The Methodist mission is situated at the north end of the reserve, find the majority of the Indians belong to this denomination. The Roman Catholic church is locate'd near Goodfish lake, about the centre of the reserve, the Rev. Father Comire in charge. Divine services are well attended by the members of their respective churches. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians, generally speaking, are industrious, and of rather an independent spirit. They are law-abiding, and always anxious to improve their mode of living. During this spring they increased their crop area twenty acres over last year. LAC LA BICHE BAND, NO. 129. This band numbers fourteen persons in all, consisting of two men, four women, and eight children. Since the last census there has been one birth, two deaths, and one person left the band through marriage, making a decrease of two. The people are all half-breeds, and make their living by hunting, trapping and freighting. CHIPEW'SAN BAND, NO. 130. This band of Chipewyan Indians lives in the neighbourhood of Heart lake, about one hundred and five miles north of the agency headquarters. They number seventy- nine persons, made up of fifteen m(;n, twenty women, and forty-four children. During the year the band has increased by nine ; there were three births, two deaths and eight persons joined the band. Hunting, trapping, and fishing are their chief means of making a living. BEAVER LAKE BAND, NO. 131. 4 These Indians inhabit the country round about Beaver lake, about twelve miles from Lac la Biche, and make a living hunting and fishing. The population at the last treaty payments was eighty-nine, composed of twenty-six men, twenty-three women, nnd forty children. The band has decreased by ten during the year. There were two births and seven deaths, and five women left the band through marriage. I have, &c., GEO. G. MANN, Indian Agent. Northwest Territories, Alberta — Sarcee Agency, Calgary, August 12, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ended June 30, 1903, together with agricultural and statistical statement and inventory of all government property under my charge. 190 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I . 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Eeserve. — The Sarcee reserve comprises township 23, ranges 2, 3 and 4, west of the 5th annual meridian, and contains an area of sixty-nine thousand one hundred and twenty acres. The land is generally rolling and in the eastern portion is suitable for .grain-raising. It is a good stock range, and every advantage is taken of it as such. The agency headquarters are on the Fish creek some nine miles southwest of the town of Calgary. Tribe. — These Indians are said to belong to the Beaver tribe from the far north ; they speak a distinct language from the Blackfeet and other southern Indians and mis but little with them. Vital Statistics. — The population of this reserve is two hundred and six, being an increase of three over last year. Health and Sanitation. — Generally speaking, the health of this band is good. No epidemic visited the reserve uuriug the past year. Evei-y attention is given to the rules laid down by the department regarding sanitation, and the Indians are, I am pleased to say, getting more particular each year in this respect. Resources and Occupations. — Stock-raising, farming, haying, working for white settlers and selling hay and wood to townspeople, keep these people busy throughout the year, and many of them are improving their condition. . Buildings. — Several new dwelling-houses and stables have been erected during the year, some of which have shingled and painted roofs, all their own work. Stock. — Live stock is the most important industiy we have, and I am glad to report the Indians are increasing their herds and taking more interest in stock than formerly. Farm Implements. — Each year the Indians are becoming better off in implements and machinery and they are able to handle and take better care of them, than hereto- fore. These things are now procured out of their earnings. Education. — There is a boarding school on this reserve under the auspices of the Church of England. At present there are fourteen pupils on the roll, seven boys and seven girls, and all are making fair progress. We have also a number of male pupils attending the Calgary industrial school, who are being taught the various branches in that institution ; these, I am pleased to report, are doing well, Eeligion. — A number of these Indians are members of the Church of England, which has a mission here in charge of the Venerable Arcbdeacon Tims. Services are held regularly on Sundays and at other stated times. The pupils and many of the Indians are regular attendants. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians, like the majority, are naturally in- dolent ; even the most industrious require constant supervision. On the whole, how- ever, I am pleased to report that considerable progress is observable and many are im- proving their condition and getting better off each year. Temperance. — The Sarcees have a great weakness for strong drink, which they procure occasionally in Calgary ; the traffic, however, during the past j'ear has de- creased considerably. Their great horror of the Northwest Mounted Police guard- room tends to keep them sober. General Remarks. — A number of visitors from all parts of the world visited the reserve during the past year to see the Indians and obtain relics, and also to learn how they are progressing and to get their history. The Indians are always glad to see visitors, and they like to chat with strangers. I have, &c., A. J. McNEILL, Indian Agent. i STOXi' Ar.'EyCY, X.W.T. 191 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 jSTorthwest Territories, Alberta — Stoxy Agency, MoRLEY, July 28, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended June 30, 1903, together with tabular statement and inventory of government property. Reserve. — The Stony reseiTe is situated in the> foot-hills of the Rockies, about forty miles west of Calgary, and is divided by the Bow river, Jonas's band on the north, Chiniquay's and Bearpaw's on the south side of the river. The Canadian Pacific railway follows the Bow river through the reserve, Morley station being only half a mile from the agency headquarters. With the exception of the southeast corner of the reserve, it is nearly all gravel hills. The area is sixty-nine thousand seven hundred and twenty acres. It is estimated that nearly two-thirds is covered with timber, Douglas pine, jack-pine and poplar. Tribe. — These Indians are Stonies, a branch of the Sioux nation. They have intermarried largely with the Crees. Vital Statistics. — The present population is six hundred and forty-seven, made up of one hundred and forty-two men, one hundred and seventy-six women, one hun- dred and eighty-five boys and one hundred and forty-four girls. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been veiy good, there having been no epidemics during the year. A few have died during the year from consumption^ which is always amongst them. Chief Bearspaw, head chief, died of old age. The Indians all live in tents and teepees during the summer. The sanitary precautions recommended by the department have been enforced as far as possible. Dr. Lafferty makes frequent visits to the reserve, and prescribes for those who need his care. R-esources and Occupations. — The resources of these Indians are : cattle, horses, timber, fur, bead- work and working for ranchers. Last year they realized from their beef $1,615, horees $2,000, fire-wood $5,000, furs, $3,500, bead-work $1,000 ; the latter is sold to curio dealers at Banff for tourist trade. When they are not hunting or working around their homes, they are getting out fire-wood, which is hauled to the railway and shipped to various points east ; they receiving cash for it. They have sown more field, seed this year than ever before, having sown three hundred bushels of oats. Last winter the Indians got out five thousand saw-logs to have cut into lumber for their own use, in addition to fire-wood. Buildings. — Nearly all the houses have shingled roofs, but the outbuildings are not very good. As the Indians have their own lumber now, I expect to see these greatly improved. Stock. — The stock has done very well this year, but owing to bad storms in the spring, the number of calves is not as large as expected. The stallions purchased by the department are proving a success ; we have quite a number of colts from the stallion purchased last year, and the Indians are taking more int-erest in seeing that the young cayuse stallions are attended to. This alone will help to better the class of horses. They have a few good stallions, purchased from settlers round the reserve. 192 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Farm Implements. — The Indians have purchased six new ploughs this spring and twelve new wagons, all from the proceeds of the sale of fire-wood and beef. Education. — The McDougall boarding school has been accommodating forty pupils. Under the able management of Principal Niddrie and the teacher, Miss Walsh, the boys and girls show considerable improvement, both morally and mentally. !N"o. 1 day school has been open since last January and has had a good average attendance. Keligion. — These Indians are all Methodists. They attend church regularly every Sunday morning, and have services at several of their homes in the afternoon. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are improving in their ways of liv- ing ; some of the younger ones do not spend their money as judiciously as they should, but most of them are getting more careful and do not want to spend their money as feoon as they get it, as they have been in the habit of doing. Temperance and Morality. — Xo cases of intemperance have come under my notice, although I have heard that some of the young men have got liquor while off the re- serve. As a rule these Indians are moral. General Eemarks. — I consider these Indians have behaved very well under certain restrictions put upon them in connection with their hunting in the iN^ational Park ; •'.his was a hard blow to some of the old hunters who have hunted over this ground all their lives, but the majority see the benefits to be derived from this preserve in yeara to come. Inspector -McGibbon inspected the agencv on the first of the month. On January 1 of this year I started handling the wood got out by the Indians, and paid them cash, through a loan made by the department for that purpose, which has met with general satisfaction. I have, &c., H. '^. SIBBALD, Indian Agent. XoRTHWEST Territories, AssixiBou — Touchwood Agency, KuTAWA, August 10, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of this agency for the year ended June 30, 1903. Eeserv^es and Tribes. — There are seven reserves in this agency, namely, Muscowe- quan's, Nc. 85, all Saulteaux. with the exception of a few French half-breeds ; George Gordon's, No. 86, Crees, with the exception of a few French and Scotch half-breeds ; Poor Man's, No. 88, and Day Star's, No. 87, all Crees ; and Fishing Lake, No. 89 ; Nut Lake, No. 90, and Kinistino, No. 91. These last three reserves belong to Yellow Quill's band, the members of which are Saulteaux. The four reserves immediately around the agency headquarters are situated in townships 26 to 29, and ranges 14 to 17, while the Indians of Yellow Quill's band reside at a distance, as follows : thoy consist of three small bands, namely, Fishing Lake, residing fifty miles away ; Nut Lake, one hundred miles distant, and Kinistino, one hundred and sixty miles north from the agency headquarters, and all situated in townships 33, 38 and SO, ranges 12 and 13, i TOUCHWOOD AGJflNCr, y.W.T. 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 excepting Xinistino reserve, of fifteen square miles, in townships 41 and 42, range 15, all west of the second initial meridian. Muscowequan's and Gordon's reserves are located in the Little Touchwood hills ; Poor Man's and Day Star's in the Big Touchwood hills. The agency headquarters are situated on section 16, township 28, alongside the old main trail leading to Duck Lake and Prince Albert. The agency is sixty miles from Fort Qu'Appelle, eighty miles from Qu'Appelle station, on the Canadian Pacific railroad, and eighty miles from Regina. The Dominion telegraph office, known as ' Touchwood,' is three hundred yards from this office. The Dominion land office is also here at Kutawa, and the Kutawa post office, where we receive our weekly mail, is also next to our office. The mail comes to Kutawa on Saturday and leaves on the next Wednesday every week. The total area of the seven reserves is one hundred and twenty-two thousand nine hundred and eighty-six acres ; about i:hirty-two thousand of this is covered with willow scrub, small bluffs and timber. Our nearest stream is the Qu'Appelle river, sixty miles away at the nearest point. On the reserves are numerous ponds, creeks, rivers and small lakes. The Fishing and Xut lakes, and the Red Deer and Barriere rivers are the only ones that contain fish, such as pike, pickerel and doree. Vital Statistics. — The population of this agency is as follows : two hundred and seven men, two hundred and twenty women and four hundred and foui-teen children and young people under twenty-one years of age, making a total of eight hundred and forty-one. There were thirty-six births and twenty-eight deaths ; twenty-six left the reserves and seven entered the reserves, making a decrease of eleven souls during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of all the seven bands has been good, consumption being the cause of what sickness w© had, with a few cases of scrofula. The usual sanitary precautions, such as keeping premises clean, and whitewashing the walls of the houses, inside and outside with lime, have been closely observed. Resources and Occupations. — The principal occupations of these Indians are farming", stock-raising, haying, working for settlers, hunting and making bead-woi-k, also doing odd jobs for ranchers, freighting and supplying wood and hay for the agency. In general, the Indians of this agency have very few chances of earning money, as all work done for traders, such as freighting and supplying wood and hay, must always be taken out in trade; we are yet too far from the railways and towns and villages, being from the nearest betw^een sixty and eighty miles. Cattle-raising and farming are the most reliable occupations at present, and at last, the Indians begin to understand their position, and in consequence, we have a much greater acreage this year than last^ and the Indians are purchasing improved implements of all kinds so as to be able to keep abreast of their fellow Indians on other reserves. Characteristics and Progress. — Amongst a great many improvements on the dif- ferent reserves, I may mention the following cases : — In addition to purchasing all their horses, harness, ploughs, mowers, rakes, wagons, sleighs, binders, threshing- machines, small tools and other implements, they have purchased wire this year and fenced in five thousand acres; three thousand five hundred acres as a run for stock and the! rest for farming land. The Indians are becoming more industrious and law-abiding, and they are im- proving in the way of spending what they earn more judiciously, and are getting better off and becoming cleaner in their surroundings. Buildings.— IN'early all the new houses, have shingled roofs ; they are built of hewn logs, floored, and in many cases with partitions, ceilings and good large windows, the material for which has been purchased from the proceeds of their beef. A better class of stables has also been built, and they have been kept cleaner. 27— i— 13 194 DEPARTMENT OF IN.OIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 190-1 Stock. — The cattle are still improving, owing to our thoroughbred bulls; and a better class of good heavy horses have been purchased by the Indians from proceeds cf beef sold. Farm Implements. — The Indians are becoming better equipped each year with mowing-machines, rakes, wagons, sleighs, harness, binders, seeders, besides all the necessary small implements ; and all these are their own property. Education. — There is a day school at Day Star's reserve, well attended, with fif- teen names on the roll, being all the children on this reserve of school age. Progress is fair and attendance regular. The parents are interested in the education of their children. Mrs. Sarah M. Smyth is in charge of the school and gives very good satis- faction with the girls. On Gordon's reserve there is a large square stone boarding school conducted by ihe Church of England, Mr. and Mrs. Mark Williams being respectively principal and matron. The government grant is for thirty children and they have the comple- ment. The boarding pupils are well looked after and contented, and the progress made is good. The buildings inside and out are always kept clean and tidy. The pupils are well dressed and clean at all times. The boys are taught farming, gardening and stock-raising. The girls are taught all the duties in connection with keeping a house properly, such as mending and sewing ; cooking and baking always a specialty. At Muscowequan's reserve there is another boarding school; this is also a very large stone building and is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church. The principal is Father Thibaudeau. The work of a matron is looked after by three Sisters of Charity, the school by Sister Valade, and the outside work by a lay brother. There are also thirty pupils at school, which is the complement; and I would beg to report that the same remarks as to the different branches taught, the cleanliness of the chil- dren, the good condition of the buildings and surroundings in Gordon's school, also apply here. There is a model farm attached to this institution, where farming is carried on, and the boys instructed by a competent lay brother, and as a result, they have the best crop in the vicinity, and with their cattle, pigs, fowls and garden stuffs they ex- I)ect to have nearly enough to supply the school with a living. At Fishing Lake reserve we have built a new comfortable school-house of one and a-half storeys high, with shingled roof and on a stone foundation, and built by o\ir own Indians from Gordon's reserve ; it is the best building put up yet at Fishing Lake, and vicinity. There will be a day school started there at an early date under the auspices of the Church of England. In conclusion I beg to say that after many years' experience and from what I have seen of day, boarding and industrial schools, I have no hesitation in saying that for final results the boarding school on the reserve is much superior to either of the others. Windmill. — At Muscowequan's boarding school they have improved their windmill so that it will make flour out of their own wheat raised this year at the school model farm, besides sawing fire-wood, making lumber, crushing grain and pumping water to the main building, and with no expense to the institution. Religion. — There are still only two denominations working here amongst the Indians, the Church of England and the Roman Catholic. But the majority are still I^agans and now attend their pagan ceremonies quietly, but, I am glad to say, they have abandoned their feasting ceremonies of old. Temperance and Morality. — No cases of intemperance or immorality have come to my notice during the year. General Remarks. — In conclusion, I can safely say that the Indians on all the reserves of this agency, excepting Nut Lake, have made advancement. They have cost the government very little outside the salaries of employees, and certainly every- thing points to great results next year. i MA TTLEFORD INSPECTORA TE, N. W. T 195 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 I have been greatly assisted by the farmers on the different reserves and by Mr. J. H. Gooderham, my clerk, who is kept constantly employed with office work, which has much increased during the year. I have, &c., H. A. MAETINEAU, Indian Agent. Northwest Territories, Battleford Inspectorate, Prince Albert, September 14, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the inspection of Indian agencies and reserves for the year ended June 30 last. While the various agencies and reserves will be treated of separately below, yet there are certain observations of a general nature which apply equally to all. That the condition of the Indians of this inspectorate is improving, ynd somewhat rapidly, is undoubtedly true, and it is not surprising in view of the progress and pros- perity prevailing throughout the district. Their industries are becoming more productive and are contributing more largely towards their maintenance. At the same time, along with the spread of education and the adoption of civilized modes of life, their wants are becoming more numerous and more exacting. The approach of settlement to the borders of reserves that have hitherto been iso- lated from contact and association with the white man, while on the whole bringing much advantage to the Indians, nevertheless increases the cares and responsibilities of those whose duty it is to direct their affairs and look after their well-being. In this connection I have no hesitation in saying that at every agency within the limits of my duties the interests of the Indians are well safeguarded, and all business is con- ducted with a view solelj- to their welfare and with close regard to the department's instructions. Among other hopeful signs for the future independence of the Indian is a tendency to calculation and economy which has always been conspicuously wanting. Two Indians in the Battleford agency were found to have their debts paid and with upwards of $100 on hand, which they were saving in each instance for a definite purpose.' It is not imusual to find Indians who spend their money prudently and are never without ready cash. The Christianizing of the Indians of this district is progressing steadily. Some improvements have been made and are being made in the places of worship, most of which are now of a very suitable description. The services are well attended by the Indians. Through these and other means there is a noticeable improvement in morals. Conjugal infidelity, though still of frequent occurrence, is not general. DUCK LAKE AGENCY. Agency Staff. — Mr. W. E. Jones continues in charge of this agency. John Des- marais is his interpreter ; while J, H. Price does most of the clerical work in addition to the supervision of the adjacent reserves. 27— i— 13i 196 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 beardy's and okemassis^ bands. In directing the affairs of these reserves Mr. Prince receives from the agent that substantial assistance of his personal influence with the Indians which every farmer is entitled to in the discharge of his perplexing duties. The result of this combined effort is apparent in an ir. creasing degree of prosperity and contentment in these bauds. Farming shows a steady improvement as regarvis the area and yield of crops. The grain, however, is of a very mixed sample and commands but a poor price in the market, A complete change of seed is desirable. During the past summer eighty-nine acres of new land was broken, of which fifty- five was back-set. About fifty acres of fall-ploughing was done. This preparation for the following season is a great improvement on the past. It is true these bands get much practical encouragement which is liot enjoyed by those more remote from the agency headquarters. The Indians' herds show a net decrease of thirty-three head in the past two and a half years. At the completion of the third year, however, this will be more than made good by the natural increase for the season. The cattle are well managed and carefully wintered, and there has been no loss of any account for some seasons, except from straying. From this cause there has been a loss of twenty-four head. As settle- ment is now crowding in upon the borders of the reserve on all sides, it is evident that the fencing of the whole, or at least a large portion, of -the reserve cannot long be postponed. An abundance of well cured hay was found on hand. For all they have to spare the Indians will find ready sale at Duck Lake, about three miles from their stacks, at from $4 to $5 a ton. Among ex-pupils of industrial schools who are living on this reserve I consider Xapoleon Sutherland, Walter Little-Pine and Andrew Okemahsis, graduates of Eegina school, as very creditable and promising. All are married, the first two to ex-pupils of Duck Lake boarding school, and all have neat and comfortable houses, which they built for themselves. All had good crops last season and they have a fair number of cattle. These boys have been a special care to the agent and farmer and are show- ing a fair appreciation of the help and direction they have received. With a few exceptions the entire band is fairly prosperous and progressive. Sandy Thomas, formerly and for many years interpreter at this agency, is doing well with his farm and stock, and is as comfortable as when he had $30 a month and rations. Joe Gardapie, is, however, the most prosperous on the reserve. All are contented; they freqiient the agency office but little except on purely business matters ; rations are issued only once a month and then only to a few old people ; and not a word of complaint is heard in any quarter. ONE arrow's band. This reserve was inspected on February 5. It is in charge of Mr. Louis Marion as farmer. A few of these Indians continue to live by hunting, and so are generally abroad from the reserve. Twenty-three children belonging to the band are in the Duck Lake school. Thus the actual resident population is less than sixty. Of these there is a fair proportion of able-bodied working men and a very small proportion of infirm and helpless. All are located within two miles of the farmhouse, and their work could be inspected twice a day, as was done with excellent results on Sweet Grass reserve when Charles Nolin was farmer there. Agriculture shows a slight improvement. Last season's grain, which is mostly wheat, is of a fair sample and clean, and several families will have a fair supply of flour for the year. i UA TTLEFORD ns'SPECTORA TE, N. W. T. 197 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The farmer's return shows fifty acres as prepared for crop, mostly summer-fal- lowing. There is a satisfactoiy increase in the Indians' herds. Losses from any cause have been but slight. These Indians support themselves to a large extent by the hunting of the musk- rat and the digging of senega-root, both of which employments have latterly been very profitable. JOHN smith's band. l^'his reserve is in charge of Mr. J". S. Letellier as farmer. It was inspected on February 11 and 12. While the inhabitants of One Arrow's reserve, and also for the most part of Beardy's and Okemassis', are full-bred Indians, those on this reserve come from the lied Kiver valley and are of half-breed origin. Nearly all speak English, and in their manners and dress as well as in their mode of living they show many of the characteristics of white people. "* Sod-roofed houses are not seen here; a few are thatched, but most are shingled. Some improvements have been made in this connection. Philip Bear, with the" help of his sons, who were educated at the Battleford industrial school, and who are skilful v.'orkmen, has provided himself with a very comfortable dwelling. The house con- sists of sevei-al apartments ; it is willowed and plastered inside and outside, and all llie woodwork is painted. Agriculture shows some progress. The yield of grain last season was considerable, in all about six thousand bushels. In order to get rid of certain noxious weeds with which the older fields are infested, much new 'land has been broken. Several new i-ranaries have been built, two of which have shingled roofs. The natural increase of cattle has been good, and the net increase since June 30, 1900, is fifteen head, notwithstanding heavy items of decrease, seventy-six head beefed, forty-six sold, and thirty-five died. IsTearly all these Indians milk their cowi and some make butter for sale. One t;onsequence of this is that the calves are somewhat neglected and I found them in the winter small and thin. There are on the reserve twenty-two sheep, but the flock, on account of ill man- agement is not increasing. There are also a few hogs and about three hundred hens^ JAMES SMITH'S BAND. This band occupies a reserve at Fort a la Corne, which until recently consisted of two reserves, namely, James Smith's, j^u. 100, and Cumberland, 100 A. The latter being disproportionate in area to the numerical strength of the band, a portion of it has been surrendered and sold, while the two bands have been amalgamated. The industries are directed by Mr. A. J. McKay, who receives his instructions from the agent largely by letter, and whose position is one of much responsibility on account of the extent of the reserve and itj remoteness from the agency headquarters. The inspection occupied three ,day, from February 12 to 14. Scarlet fever pre- vailed on the reserve at the time, and in consequence but few houses could be entered. Dr. Connor, of Prince Albert, was present in the place of Dr. lieid, the regular medical attendant, and was painstaking in his efforts to check the spread of the disease. His work was arduous, as the thermometer ranged from 30° to 50° below zero. There is a distinct improvement in the dwellings of the Indians here and increased evidences of comfort. This, in so far as it implies increased earnings or income, is not attributable, I regret to say, to progress in their industries, for this is but slight, but rather to favourable temporary conditions. 198 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Agriculture continues to receive but little attention. The climate and soil are favourable and last season's crop was encouraging, but nothing has been done to ex- tend the area of cultivation. The stock of work oxen has been allowed to go down, until it is entirely inadequate, there being but thirteen head on the reserve, while ninety-three head of steers have been sold during the past three seasons. There have been in the past serious discouragements to farming at this and sim- ilar remote points. But now that railway construction is approaching the borders of the reserve, bringing a permanent market to the door and a demand for feed grain in particular, together with the prospect of a grist-mill and other facilities, there can be no lack of motive to the extension of farming. It is preeminently an agricultural district. There is a heavy decrease in the Indians' herds, amounting, in fact, to one hundred and fifty-eight head in two and a half years. This will be partially, but it cannot be fully, offset by the natural increase for the present season. This decrease is due in part to the difficult attitude of the Bighead section of the band with; respect to the care and management of their cattle. Chief James Smith died recently. The leading, most progressive, and most ex- emplary members of the band are now Benjamin Constant and his sons, all of whom speak English and aspire to live like white men ; also Xeesoopahtawein, a well-to-do Indian, who lives comfortably and independently, and is satisfactory in his conduct and dealings. BATTLEFORD AGENCY. The agency staff comprises : Mr. J. P. G. Day, agent ; Mr. C. J. Johnson, clerk ; an intei-preter, a blacksmith, and five farmers. RED pheasant's AND STONY BANDS. These bands occupy adjacent reserves, which are in charge of Mr. R. Jefferson, and were inspected on April 28 and following days. But slight progress has been made in the industries. Farming has come to be considered a failure here, even coarse grains not being grown with success. This is really due, however, to late sowing and inferior methods of cultivation. The Indians' herds show a slight decrease on both reserves. In two seasons one hundred and thirty-nine head have been beefed, forty-six head sold, twenty-seven head have died, and twenty-one head have been lost. The natural increase on the Stony reserve has been extremely small, owing apparently to the straying of cattle during summer in small bunches over a wide area. Both bands have been able to secure a sufficient supply of hay. The Stonies could safely winter more than twice their present number of cattle. During the early months of spring most of these Indians devoted a portion, some the whole, of their time to the hunting: of the musk-rat. Though this was a further interference with their farming, yet for the time being it was highly profitable, an active hunter being able to make, single-handed, from $3 to $4 per day. A number added to their earnings by freighting for the agency, for the stores and implement dealers in town, and for the incoming settlers. Thus while agricultural industries have lagged, the Indians have in the meantime been deriving a good livelihood from temporary sources. SWEET GRASS BAND, This band occupies a large and valuable reserve on the Battle river, tAventy miles west of Battleford. Mr. A. Nolin is the farmer. The inspection took place on May 8. i BATTLEFOIW INSPECTORATE, X.W.T. 199 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Though once numerous, the band now numbers only about eighty souls. Of these there are only sixteen able-bodied men. Several of various ages are feeble and diseased. Edward, a man of about thirty-five years, one of the best men of the band, died recently of consumption. During the past year the industries have been only moderately successful. The acreage of grain was large and the yield was fair, but much was frozen. This season there was a shortage of seed-oats, and a small area was left unsown. This, however, was summer-fallowed. Last fall, prairie fires consumed upwards of fifty tons of hay, and as the feeding season was somewhat longer than usual, the supply became exhausted early in the spring, and there was a consequent loss of some twenty head of cattle. There was a large quantity of good wheat and oat straw, most of which was saved and turned to account for feed. The day school on this reserve was closed at the end of March, the attendance being practically nil. Several children of school age are in the industrial and boarding school, and those remaining at home are scarcely healthy enough to be admitted even to a day school. POUNDMAKER AND LITTLE PINE BANDS. The inspection of these bands occupied three days, from May 5 to 7. The farmer in charge is Mr. S. Waa-den, who succeeded Mr. S. Simpson only a few weeks prior to the inspection, but who for several years was occupied with similar duties on Ked Pheasant's and Stony reserves. The direction of these reserves is a heavy charge, as the bands number conjointly about two hundred and twenty souls, and their industries are extensive. The interest in farming is not diminished, and about four hundred acres is culti- vated. A portion of the old cultivation has been abandoned, but it has been replaced by new land, so that the acreage of crop remains about the same as for the two pre- ceding seasons. Rails for the fencing of the new fields were for the most part taken out during winter. Here, as at Sweet Grass, fires raged during the fall over all the surrounding coun- try, destroying several stacks of hay and leaving the prairie bare for miles, so that while hay was scarce in spring, it was weeks after the end of the ordinary season for feeding hay, before there was sufficient grass to support cattle on the prairie. There was, in consequence, a considerable loss during April, and the total strength of the herd is slightly reduced as compared with June 30, 1901, the date when my last balance sheet was made. For three years past these reserves have obtained the greater part of their hay from govei'nment lands lying to the west and southwest of Little Pine reserve, and within a distance of fifteen miles. ITow, however, these lands ai-e likely soon to be occupied by settlers, and the Indians will be obliged to look to more distant quarters for their hay, probably at the Eibstone creek, sixty miles west, where for several sea- sons in the drier years a supply of excellent hay was obtained for about five hundred head, which were taken there to winter. Some sixty head of sheep and thirty pigs are kept on these reserves and are found to yield a good profit to their owners. MOOSOMIN AND THUNDERCHILD BANDS. The inspection of these bands occupied from May 13 to 15. For some years they were under the direction of one farmer. The arrangement, however, notwithstanding the best efforts, was an imperfect success, and at the be- ginning of the last haying and harvesting season a farmer was appointed for Thunder- 200 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 child's reserve. Mr. W. Dewan is now in charge of this reserve, while Mr. M. L'Heureux continues in charge of Moosomin's. The health of these bands is much better than at my last visit, and the Indians in consequence show a livelier interest in their affairs. Though the spring was backward, yet seeding began in reasonable time and was followed up with much diligence. The work was done with greater care than formerly. The cattle wintered well and there was a small quantity of hay left over in the spring, as well as considerable straw, which it was not found necessary to use. While the Indians all live south of the river, the greater part of the cattle continue to be wintered, as a matter of necessity, on the north side, and some at the Round Hill hay reserve, twenty miles distant. These Indians are prospering in their industries, and with a farmer for each reserve a veiy great improvement may be expected. Whitecap, of Moosomin's band, is one of the most independent Indians to be found anywhere. His income, derived from various recognized industries, is consider- able, and his farming equipment is equal, if not superior, to that of the average well- to-do settler. The route of the Canadian Northern railway as now located west of Battleford crosses these reserves, and with the inrush of settlement the Indians are awakening to a very lively appreciation of the value of their inheritance. GENERAL REMARKS. The surplus beef cattle of the Indians brought last season unusually high figures, three-year-old steers sellings at $40 toi $50, and fat cows at $30 to $40. From this source the Indians are realizing from year to year a considerable revenue. A large part of this) is expended on the purchase of wagons, mowers, ploughs, etc., so that their stock of farm implements is becoming fairly complete. Great vigilance has been exercised during the past year with respect to the use of intoxicants by the Indians, and several arrests have been made and convictions secured. The facilities for the obtaining of liquor by the Indians are much greater than formerly owing to the presence in the district of many survey parties, land- seekers, and other new-comers, ignorant of our laws in this respect. Increased office accommodation is an urgent necessity. At present all records are kept and much business transacted in a single room 15 x 16 feet, which also serves the purpose of a dispensary. SADDLE LAKE AGENCY. Staff : G. G. Mann, agent ; Miss B. E. Mann, clerk ; S. Whitford, interpreter ; J. Batty, farmer ; P. Tomkins, farmer and engineer. SADDLE LAKE AND BLUE QUILL BANDS. These bands occupy the large reserve on which the agency headquarters are located. It consists of one hundred and twenty-nine square miles. The soil in the central southern portion is light and gives good crop returns only under the most favourable conditions ; other portions, especially in the northwest, are too broken and hilly for cultivation ; but the greater part of this large reserve has a moderately level surface, and a soil of black, mellow clay loam, producing a rich vegetation. There is an abundance of good water, favourable ranges., hay meadows of considerable extent, and on the whole good facilities for stock-raising, especially if it were developed along with the growing of grain and roots. Farming is being extended but slowly. The area of oats and barley is increased, but that of wheat diminished. A few fields were well prepared and promised a heavy i BATTLEFOIW INSPECTORATE, S.W.T 201 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 crop, but many others are dirty and indicate most careless cvdtivation. In a few instances the seed was evidently at fault, and the crop was very thin. The fact that wheat has thisi year been abandoned to some extent in favour of oats is due to (1) that many Indians were engaged in profitable rat-hunting until it was too late to sow wheat ; (2) the demand for oats is increasing steadily, while for wheat there is practically no market ; (3) the grist-mill is too far away, namely thirty- five miles from the reserve. The sheep, in the hands of two of the best Indians, have been carefully protected i'rom destruction by dogs and wolves, and have exactly doubled in number between January 1, 1902, and June 30, 1903. Some further improvements have been made in the Indians' houses, which are of a good class. During the past winter three thousand saw-logs and six sets of house- less were taken out, and during June and July the former were cut into lumber and the latter sided at the saw-mill. These Indians are always earning more or less by freighting, day labour, and running scows down the river, and such-like. These earnings take the place of money derived from the sale of beef and grain in other agencies, and for the present they pre nearly or quite equivalent in amount, and the Indians in consequence live com- fortably -with but little relief. There is a constant improvement in the dress and ■■eneral appearance of both men and women. At a gathering of some four hundred near the agency headquarters on Dominion day, I remarked that the old Indian fea- tures of their dress, as to material, make, and colour, had quite disappeared, and they differed but little in this respect from a white conununity. The farm buildings show further improvement. There are now a good store- house, and good cattle and horse stables. Provision is also made for a new dwelling, which is much needed. JAMES SEENUM'S BAXD. The band of Chief James Seenum, or Pakan, occupies for the most part the re- serve extending along the eastern side of Whitefish lake. It is in charge of Mr. P. Tomkins, and was inspected on June 18 to 22. The soil of this reserve is extremely fertile and the vegetation is rich and varied. But the surface is very much broken with hills, ravines, and sloughs, and is generally covered with heavy scrub or bluff. ISTearly all the fields under cultivation are small patches, with little prospect of being materially enlarged. Thirty-five farming Indians have a total of one hundred and seventy acres in grain, or less than five acres each. The grist-mill is located near the farmhouse and is operated by the farmer, who has recently qualified as an engineer. The gristing for the past season lasted only about six weeks, but the flour turned out was of a very fair quality. The mill would, however, serve the requirements of the agency much better if located on the Saddle Lake reserve. GENERAL REilARKS. The Indians' herds show an increase of twenty-eight head for the eighteen months ended June 30. This includes practically the whole of two years' increase, and ccr- tainly the whole of two years' decrease, as the six months ending December 31, usually includes about one-fourth of the year's natural increase and about three-fourths of the year's decrease from sales and beefing. The Indians' cattle at present furnish their private beef-supply, and in some instances milk and butter for home use, but contribute little towards their support 202 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS J 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 in any other way. During the past twelve months the department's beef contract for this agency was filled as follows : — Lbs. From government oxen beefed 1,406 Purchased from Indians 1,795 Purchased from outsiders 15,116 Total 18,317 The work of inspection was facilitated by the completeness and accuracy of all ofBee records and returns. The promptness with which business is transacted must be a source of satisfaction alike to the department and to the public who have deal- ings with the agency. ONION LAKE AGENCY. Mr. William Sibbald is Indian agent at this point, and has the assistance of Joseph Taylor as interpreter, L, G. Loyell as farmer and engineer, and J. T. Slater, as stock- man. The agency comprises five bands of Cree Indians, whose reserves are located as follows : two at Onion lake, the agency headquarters being located near the dividing line between them ; two at Frog lake, twenty miles west of Onion lake ; and one at Long lake, forty miles northwest of Frog lake. Besides these there is a band of Chipewyans, who occupy a settlement on the Beaver river, near Cold lake, about sixty miles by trail from Onion lake. CREE BANDS. The Cree Indians are not, however, for the most part, located on their own re- serves. About one-half of them are settled on the reserves at Onion lake; of the re- mainder a small number have their abodes on the other reserves, while about two hun dred who follow hunting live at Island lake. Moose lake, and other points in the region favourable for their occupation. Those at Onion lake only have in the past received the care and attention, except in a very general way, of the officers of the department. They accordingly live largely by the recognized industries, supplementing their earnings from this source by freight- ing overland and upon the river for the agency, the missions, and the Hudson's Bay Company. These Indians are as comfortable and prosperous as those elsewhere, and are rather uniform in their condition in this respect. Rations, it is true, are still dis- pensed, but the time has come when a change in this regard can be effected without hardship. Indeed, some of the more independent have deliberately renounced the ration-house. For some years farming has been almost discontinued here. It is now slowly re- viving, but under adverse conditions. The threshing power, a steam engine, also used for the grist and saw-mills, is stationary, and all gjain has to be hauled to one point to be threshed. Much of the soil of the reserve -is too light for profitable cultivation ; while all the oldest fields are infested with noxious weeds, including wild oats and ball mustard, which are said to^ have been introduced several years ago along with seed grain. In the interest of the reserve, as a matter of duty towards prospective settlement in the neighbourhood, and* in compliance with the instructions of the department and the ordinances of the Northwest Territories in this regard, a strenuous effort will be made to exterminate these weeds and to prevent their spread. i BA TTLEFORD INSPECTORA TE, N. W. T. 203 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Roots and vegetables are still a meagre crop. Few Indians pretend to raise a full supply of anything except potatoes. The garden plots are small, poorly cultivated, and in need of thorough fertilizing. In connection with the maintenance of their herds these Indians display much industry and thrift. They comply readily with all directions of the agent and farmer regarding the management and care of their cattle. Haying for the current season was begun on July 30, and though the sloughs were full of water so that not a load of hay could be saved from them, yet the Indians set to work so diligently at cutting and curing ridge hay that there seems little doubt they will secure a sufficient supply for then- herds as at present augmented by the issue of agency cattle as explained below. While their cattle are a success and contribute largely towards their support, the same cannot be said of other classes of live stock. Neither hogs nor poultry are kept on the reserve ; and sheep, which were supplied originally by the department, and which were a continued failure, have recently been sold. Horses, which are coming to be much valued by the Indians everywhere, on account of the need for their use in connection with their industries, and especially on account of the high prices they now command and the consequent difficulty of obtaining them, are now handled with greater care and used to better advantage than formerly. By the use of the agency stallion, a grade Shire animal of a very suitable description, the Indians are endeavouring to improve their stock of horses and to avoid the necessity for buying. Hitherto, with one or two exceptions, the Indians' houses, though warmly built, and neatly constructed as regards the walls, were still mere flat-roofed shanties. Dur- ing the past year one dwelling has been erected of quite a model description as to material, plan and workmanship. This may mark a new departure. The hunting Indians, though living miserably in some respects as compared with those settled on the reserve, have nevertheless been healthy and prosperous during the year, the hunt being more than ordinarly good. Their livelihood is, howevei% only a temporary one, as the richest furs are becoming rarer from year to year, and it is a question of but a few seasons until hunting in this district will no longer be a living employment. CHIPEWYAN BAND. These Indians were visited on July 20 and 21. They number two hundred and fifty in all, and occupy a large tract of unsurpassed fertility. The locality affords large advantages for stock-raising, and the Indians keep, as they have done for some years past, upwards of three hundred head of cattle. Except for a few months after the rebellion of 1885, when there was a farming instructor in charge of the band, they, have never had any supervision apart from annual or semi-annual visits by the agent. Apart from the revenue derived from their cattle, they live by hunting, while for food they have resort at times to the excellent fish of Cold lake. The health of the band is good and the annuity pay-sheets show an increase in their number. GENERAL REMARKS. For the past fourteen years there has been maintained in connection with this agency a government herd of cattle, from which for a number of years the agency beef- supply was derived, while in addition a certain amount of cash was realized from the sale of surplus beef cattle, which was expended in the purchase of implements and supplies for working Indians. The difficulties in connection with the management of the herd have of recent years been very great, particularly on account of the inundation of the hay reserve, set apart specially for its support. The expense incurred was accordingly very con- 204 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 siderable and was increasing in proportion to the profits derived. At tlie same time the maintenance of the herd necessitated the employment of from ten to fifteen able- bodied Indians during a great part of the year, who were in this way held in the posi- tion of day labourers and prevented from engaging in industries independently. In accordance, therefore, with the Commissioner's instructions I assisted the agent in tlie distribution of the lierd, giving out all breeding cows, heifers and calves, and making provision for the keeping of the steers to furnish the agency beef-supply for ] 904 and 1905. Twenty-five head of steers and fat cows were set apart for the present season's beef -supply, while arrangements were made with x\gent Mann for filling the beef contract of the Saddle Lake agency with a similar number. On July 17 and 18 I assisted in making the annuity payments to the Cree bands who assembled at Onion Lake for this purpose. I also attended the payments of the Chipewyans on July 20 and 21. The pay-sheets are kept with great accuracy and contain all necessary information. Mr. Lovell's duties as farmer, engineer and miller, are very varied, and his time is very fully occupied. The operations of the grist-mill for the past season occupied only about two weeks' time; but those of the saw-mill were more extensive. During the winter a large number of logs were taken out and in May and Juni^ some eighty thousand feet of lumber was cut, a portion of which was, by authority, disposed of to the British colonists south of the river. CAELTOK AGENCY. This agency, which in respect to number of reserves, area and population, is the largest within this inspectorate, was not visited by me during the year, but was visited by Inspector McGibbon, as was also the Moose Woods reserve, near Saskatoon. I have, &c., W. J. CHISHOLM, Inspector of Indian Agencies. Northwest Territories, Calgary Inspectorate, Calgary, September 5, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir,— I have the honour to submit the following report of my inspection of agen- cies from October, 1902, to August 31. 1903. Moose Woods reserve was inspected on October 28, 1902, and following days. The reserve is a small one and the population is about fifty in number, composed of Sioux. Since I was here in 1896, the Indians have moved to the southern end of the reserve, where hay was more plentiful. The reserve is about sixteen miles from Saskatoon, on the east side of the South Saskatchewan river. Dundurn is the nearest railway point. These Indians have built good houses on the ridge, and built the stables in the valley below, where water is plentiful and easy of access and where there is good shelter. Some good stables were noticed. The houses had all wooden floors and good doors, and were well furnished, double iron bedsteads in nearly all of them, rocking and other chairs, tables, bureaus, etc., and the graduates from the Eegina and Brandon industrial schools and from the i CALGARY INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 205 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 reserve day school seemed to vie with each other as to who should have the neatest house. The roofs of the houses are all made of sod and rails, and they leak when it rains, and an effort was being- made by the Indians to have their houses shingled. I was much pleased with the neatness and cleanliness of their houses and surroundings, and the well-dressed men, women and children. I noticed flowers in some of the windows. The cattle industry is the main one on this reserve ; farming is not attempted, but th«e Indians have good gardens, and raise corn, which they are fond of, and potatoes and other vegetables, for use and for sale in Saskatoon. The cattle keep up in number very well. In 1896 the herd numbered two hundred and sixteen head, and in 1902 it was two hundred and nineteen ; the increase in calves about equalled what were sold, and killed for beef for their own use. These Indians get very little help, a few bags of flour and a few pounds of bacon to help them in haying-time. Twenty-two three-year-old steers and one cow were sold in Winnipeg in the fall at 3| cents a pound live weight. The total weight was twenty-four thousand six lu;n- dred and sixty-five pounds or an average of only one thotisand and seventy -two pounds. This small average I attributed to the fact that the cattle had been dehorned. Cattle -grazing on the same pasture, in fact mixed with the reserve steers, were sold in Dundurn at the same time, and the average was one thousand three hundred and fifty pounds, but they were not dehorned. The cattle were rounded up and the number was found correct. These Indians take good care of the stock, no losses of any kind had to be reported. Six hundred loads of hay had been stacked, which, with not too long a winter, will be sufiicient. The Indians are well supplied with wagons, mowers and other implements. They are industrious, peaceable and law-abiding. Mr. Tucker's bocks were examined and found correct. The proceeds, of the cattle sold went to pay accounts due, and at the time I was there, their whole indebtedness would not exceed $150. Besides cattle money, they earned a good deal by working for settlers, hunting, etc. ]\rr. Tucker is doing very well with these Indians, and their advancement is the best proof of the care bestowed upon them by Mr. and Mrs.. Tucker. The Indians pay for their implements, wagons, etc., themselves. After completing my work at Moose Woods, I proceeded to Duck Lake agency, on special business, and then left for Birtle agency. BIRTLE AGEl^'CY. I commenced my inspection of this agency on December 2, 1902. Staft" :— G. IT. Wheatley, agent ; S. M. Dickinson, clerk ; M. Gunn, interpreter and teamster ; E. H. Yeomans, farmer. Oak Eiver reserve. After auditing the books since last inspection, all of which I found correct and neatly kept, I proceeded with the inspection of the various reserves, and before review- ing them, I would state that 1902 was the most successful year the Birtle Indians ever experienced, and prosperity and progress could be noticed all along the line. The crop of wheat and oats totalled over sixty thousand bushels, principally wheat, of the best quality; this was no estimate, but actual thresher's measurement. The cattle increase was also satisfactory, being eight hundred and twenty-two head September 31, 1902, as against six hundred and seventy^our head March 31, 1901. The root crop on the whole agency was six hundred and eighty-seven bushels of potatoes and turnips. The gardens were not a success as a rule. The hay crop was poor, owing to constant wet weather and the difficulty in curing it, two thousand and eighty-six tons were stacked on the whole agency ; this, with the straw, would feed the stock during the winter. 206 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 BIRDTAIL SIOUX BAXD^ NO. 57. This band has a population of sixty-seven. It was found in its usual comfortable condition, and the Indians were in splendid spirits over their fine crop. The houses and stables were all visited and found neat, clean and comfortable, some of the houses being nicely furnished. The following were put up since last inspection : two new frame buildings, one and a half storey, shingled roofs ; two new log stables and three granaries ; and the following were purchased and paid for by themselves : two seed-drills, one binder, one fanning-mill, five driving-sleighs, two pairs of bob-sleighs, one double wagon, one threshing-engine and boiler and one separator. One of the band shipped a car of wheat, and others were prepared to do the same, but could not get cars. This band had eight thousand and thirty-nine bushels of wheat and two thousand and thirty-two bushels of oats. The total average under crop on this reserve was six hundred and thirty-six. The threshing of grain was done by themselves, and they paid the engineer without any expense to the department, and some of them were asking if a few of the industrial school boys could not be trained to run the engines. These Indians are thrifty, industrious, good workers and are well behaved and give no trouble whatever, and they know how to spend their money to the best advantage. They take quite an interest in their little church and attend the services regularly. There is a Ladies' Aid in con- nection with the congregation and over $40 was raised last year by selling bead-work, &c., which they gave for the Foreign Mission of the Presbyterian Church. A Christ- mas tree entertainment was given, and it was a grand success, the whole being man- aged by themselves. The live stock consisted of eighty-seven head of cattle in the hands of sixteen of the band, six pigs, one hundred and twenty poultiy and fifty-six private ponies and horses. , OAK RIVER BAKD, KG. 58 (SIOU.x). This band has a population of two hundred and forty- ;iine. This reserve was also found in a prosperous condition ; the labour of the Indians had been generously re- warded in the largest crop they ever had ; in wheat they had thirty thousand and forty bushels, and oats five thousand three hundred and forty-eight bushels, barley ninety-eight bushels. During the year they built three frame houses, two frame stables, four log stables, seven implement-sheds, four granaries, and they added to their equipment four ploughs, two seed-drills, three cultivators, one disc-har- row, one mower, nine binders, three horse-rakes, one fanning-mill, six driving- sleighs, six pair of bob-sleighs, five double wagons, one threshing-engine and boiler ; and a syndicate of three of the band was arranging for a second steam threshing outfit. The wheat was chiefly of the best quality and they were getting the highest market price going. It was encouraging in visiting the homes to find wheat everywhere ; grauaries full, sheds fitted up and filled, and portions of the houses partitioned off for the same purpose. In one place the man had his house filled to the ceiling, windows, blocked up, and a lot, besides, in bags piled outside, and he had a temporary lean-to for his wife and family to live in. AH the houses were clean and comfortable ; the new frame houses have separate rooms. We camped in one of them and would ask no cleaner or more comfortable quarters. The cattle were looking well ; the herd numbered one hundred and fifty- three head, held by thirty heads of families. Twenty wells had been dug in vai'ious places on the reserve, and proved a success in supplying water, and this saved driv- ing the cattle a long distance to the river, or perhaps getting no water at all. A meeting was held one evening in the school-house and nearly every Indian was pi-esent. On such occasions they have generally a number of small matters to get straightened out with the agent. I took occasion to tell them that they should place a i CALGARY INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 207 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 part of their earnings in the bank for a rainy day and not spend all in one year. The band seemed to be working agreeably. There usually had been friction between the two factions, the Christian and the pagan, chiefly on the dancing question, but the good crop seemed to have a soothing effect, as dancing was never mentioned nor any other difference. The health of the Indians was good at the time. The total under crop was one thousand four hundred and seventy-five acres, and new breaking was done to increase this in 1903. Mr. Yeomans, the farmer, was doing excellent work among these Indians. OAK LAKE BAND, NO. 59 (SIOU.x), This band has a population of sixty-five. This reserve was also in a satisfactory state. The houses and stables, as a rule, were in good order, and houses were cleanly kept and stables were warm and dry. The crop harvested by this small band was two thousand nine hundred and thirty-seven bushels of wheat, and forty of oats. The cattle numbered forty head in the hands of eight families. The band purchased the following during the year : one seed-drill and three pairs of bob-sleighs ; and they built four frame houses. We had a meeting in the church, where we camped, and a number of matters were talked over and settled by the agent. The band is about equally divided in regard to Christianity, one party belongs to the cliurch and the other is pagan. The Christian party were making preparations for a Christmas tree and social on Christmas eve, and the pagans, not to be outdone, were going to have a grand pow-wow and dance the same evening, and for this purpose they were building a large dance-house in the bush, where no one could see it. We went to the place and found the building nearly completed, the logs being green oak. We had two Indians with us and three axes, and in a short time the building was levelled and the timber given to Indians for fire-wood. The ring-leader in this move was a visitor from over the line, and he was told to behave himself properly or get out. No more dancing-houses will be heard of at this place. In conversation with merchants at Pipestone, they said the Indians of Oak Lake and Oak River had paid their bills fully better than the white people, and they were always willing to trust the Indians for a reasonable amount, knowing that they were honest and would pay the last cent. Rev. Mr. Speers of Pipestone, Presbyterian, has charge of Oak Lake mission, and services are held regularly every Sunday. A young lady graduate of Birtle boarding school is the interpreter. KEESEEKOOWENIN BAND, NO. 61. The population is one hundred and forty-nine. These paople are Saulteaux. This reserve was in its usual good condition as regards comfortable houses and stables, the reserve has always been considered one of the most advanced in every way, but I did not observe the usual life about it on this visit, from what cause I am unable to tell. The crop harvested was : six hundred and seventy-six bushels of wheat, four thousand five hundred and forty-six bushels of oats and one hundred and seventy-five of barley. These Indians promised to go more into wheat. Some of the band arc doing very well and are progressive ; such men as George and John Bone, Joe Beyer, An- toine Bone also, and David and Solomon Burns do a little in farming. The chief is too old to attend to a farm and has only a garden. He has a nice bunch of cattle, and these are attended to by his two daughters and his son when at home. The herd of the band numbered ninety-one head and the private herd eighty-nine, making a total of one hundred and eighty. The band added to its equipment during the year one wagon, one set of bob-sleighs, two driving sleighs, one disc-harrow, one 208 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 fanning-mill, two binders, two ploughs, two sets of harness; and four log stables were put up. Logs were on the ground for' a church, which they propose building the coming summer ; in the meantime the school-house is used for church services. These Indians were afraid that the railway going through the reserve would be harmful to them, especially to the young men. WAYAVAYSEECAPPO BAXD^ NO. 62. This baud has a population of one hundred and sixty-nine. These Indians are Saulteaux. This reserve showed capital progress during the year, and there was an activity about it which was pleasing, and the younger men were taking quite an inter- est in farm work, and more will be done in this direction than ever before. Some good houses have been built and there was an air of thrift and progress on the reserve that was encouraging. The following improvements had been made since my last visit : eight log houses, one and a-half storeys, four of them having shingled roofs, tongue and grooved floor- ing, panel doors and good windows ; five log stables, four granaries ; and the following added to the equipment : one plough, three sets of harness, one cultivator, one mower, two binders, one horse-rake, ten driving-sleighs, three sets of bob-sleighs and one wagon. I found many of the women busy knitting and making moccasins, and I only found one house that was untidy on the whole reserve. The little Presbyterian church was getting a bell, the money being provided by the Indians. The cattle were in good condition, the herd numbered one hundred and sixty- seven, held by thirty heads of families. Franlc Seaton, a Regina graduate, is the interpreter for the missionary. He has some cattle and had a crop, but in his absence cattle broke in and destroyed all. He said he would be more careful in the future. This young man is in a fair way of get- ting along. He has a neat little house and was getting out logs to build a large one. There were four or five other graduates and other young men, all anxious to make a beginning, and the agent was doing his best to help them along. Frank Seaton learnt the trade of harness-making at Regina school, and could do some work of this kind, if he had the tools. These Indians n'lake a good deal selling wood and were getting good prices. The crop harvested was seven hundred and seventy-three bushels of wheat and seven hundred and thirty-two bushels of oats, and considerable new land was broken for a larger crop next year. It was encouraging to see loads of wheat going into Birtle to be exchanged for flour and other necessaries. VALLEY RIVER BAND, NO. 62^. This band has a population of seventy-eight. These Indians are Saulteaux. This reserve is eighty miles from Birtle, and we usually drive, but on this occasion we went by rail via Gladstone, Dauphin and Grand View, and had only to drive some sixteen miles. The reserve was in its usual condition, the houses and stables are good ones. These Indians do no farming, but have gardens, and they look fairly well after them. The chief and headmen are anxious to begin farming and hoped to spend some of the money obtained for the right of way, in buying implements. The railway run- ing through the reserve somewhat demoralized them ; there was nothing but dancing during the time of construction, and there is no doubt that liquor was introduced. The cattle numbered sixty in all and were in good condition. The band got, last year, three wagons and a set of bob-sleighs ; three log stables and three log houses have been built during the year. The cattle, especially those under private control, had be- come reduced in number by about twenty head. CALGARY INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 209 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 gambler's reserve, no. 63. John Tanner is the only Indian living on this reserve, the rest of the land having been nearly all sold to settlers. John Tanner has a thrifty-looking place, good house, well furnished, commodious stables, has some fine heavy horses and a good supply of farm machinery, in binder, mower, rake, seeder, plough, t%c., and had two thousand and fifty bushels cf wheat and three hundred and fifty bushels of oats, and had forty head of cattle. Tanner is looked upon as one of the most prosperous farmers in the district. He built last year a large implement-shed, two granaries and a piggery. ROLLING RIVER BAND, NO. 67. This band has a population of one hundred. These Indians are Saulteaux, This band made considerable progress during the year and has made a step in advance in farming, having harvested five hundred and eighty-four bushels of wheat, one thousand three hundred and eighty-eight of oats and fifty of barley, and preparations were made for a larger acreage in 1903. The Indians living in the north end of the reserve are more backward than those in the south, and Mr. Wheatley was endeavouring to get them out of the bush, and locate on the open, where the land is good. The Indians on the south side have all fine houses and are beginning to have good farms. The following buildings had been put up during the year : three houses, four iiables and two granaries ; and there were added to the equipment one wagon, one plough, one set of harrows, two binders and four driving-sleighs. There has been a change in the missionary in charge, Dr. Gilbart, of Toronto, hav- ing succeeded Mr. "VV right. The doctor was doing good work, not only in a missionary way, but was called upon also in a medical way, and he was ever ready to attend to the wants of the Indians. The herd numbered seventy head. The office work is well done by Mr. Dickin- son, who is particular and accurate in aU his work. The cattle records were particu- larly weU kept. I have pleasure in testifying to the splendid work done by the agent, Mr. Wheatley, and to the ability shown in conducting this large and scattered agency. His long experience and practical knowledge of farming peculiarly fit him for this agency, where there is only one farmer, at Oak Kiver, consequently the other re- serves are under the immediate supervision of the agent himself. The health of the Indians at all points visited was good. This agency is self-suporting in the fullest sense of that term, and the Indians pay for their own machinery and implements. This was my last report from Qu'Appelle inspectorate. On February 4 I left Birtle for Winnipeg, and after inspecting supplies for treaty ITo. 8, and selecting standard samples for contracts for Manitoba and the Ter- ritories for 1903-4, I left for my new inspectorate, calling first at Fort Qu'Appelle to transfer my office and its contents to Mr. Leveque, my successor. EDMONTON AGENCY. I begani my inspection of this agency on March 6, 1903. Staff. — James Gibbons, agent; H. A. Carruthers, clerk; John Foley, teamster and interpreter, and W. G. Blewett, farmer for Enoch's reserve and engineer for saw and grist-mill; A. E. Pattison, farmer on Paid's reserve. White Whale lake ; D. Bard, farmer on Alexander's reserve. The agency buildings and surroundings were in fair order. A small temporary blacksmith-shop had been put up since last inspection; a new ice-house had al'^o been 27— i— 14 210 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 put up, but was not quite completed ; a new root-house, 30x16, was built last fall, and it kept the roots very well ; a new horse-stable, frame, with a good loft for hay, three double and one single stall, and a harness-room and grain bins were also built. The old windmill had been taken down and rebuilt near the lake, dispensing with the wind apparatus and substituting steam power instead. There were one thousand five hundred logs on the ground to be sawn as soon as the saw-mill was ready for operations. The Indians had no grain to grind. Paul's band, no. 133 a, white whale lake. This was the first reserve visited. It has a population of one hundred and fifty- five, composed of Stonies. The farm buildings were in a good state and everything around the place was neat and tidy. Mr.-Pattison had only been in charge for a short time. I could see no progress in farming since I was here five years ago. Some new houses had been put up, but they were miserable little shacks, and I told the farmer not to allow any more of such places to be put up. These small houses are principally at the upper end of the reserve, along the lake-shore and are occupied by hunters. There are of course some good houses on the more settled parts of the reserve, and ex-Chief Paul had a good house and was building a second one, both having shingled roofs. The stables were fair and some of them, were not mudded. The crop put ill in 1902 was sixteen acres of grain and six and one-half acres of roots ; the reported har- vest was one hundred bushels of grain and one hundred and thirty-seven bushels of roots ; eight acres of new breaking had been done and six acres of fall ploughing. The farmer was to get as much as possible under crop this year, 1903. There was room for far more farming here, as the land is the best in the country and it was a pity to see so much of it lying idle. The cattle were looking very well. The number on hand, after a careful count from stable to stable, in which I was assisted by Mr. Carruthers, clerk, was ninety- eight, as compared with one hundred and eight on July 1, 1901. There was room for more care in having stables in a proper state. The Indians here look too much to the ration-house, instead of depending on themselves. The farmer is a young man and seems to be active, and he has a good chance to show what can be done in improving the herd and raising crops, and thus making visits to the ration-house less regular. Joseph's band, no. 133. These Indians are principally Stonies. The population is one hundred and fifty- two. Most of the Indians were away on the hunt, which is their chief occupation. Their houses are good ones, and any I could see were clean and comfortable and the Indians were warmly clothed. The only crop here was five and a half acres of roots, and one hundred and eighty-three bushels of potatoes and turnips were reported. The cattle were all in one place and looked after by one man. The number was sixteen, as against twenty-ore in July, 1901, and any calves born in 1902. The little stopping place at Lac Ste. Anne for the agent when visiting the reserve had been taken down, and a new one built, with a stable, on the other side of the trail. We camped one night in this shack and it was thirty-seven below zero, and our pile of wood was much smaller when we left than it was the day before. These Indians are thrifty and are comfortably well off, and get little or no help in the way of food-supplies. Alexander's band, no. 134, This band has a population of one hundred and sixty-eight, composed of Crees. This reserve showed least signs of progress of any so far visited ; in fact had gone backwards. The most progressive man on the reserve (Beaverfoot) had removed to Enoch's reserve. CALGARY INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 211 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The farmhouse and buildings were in fair order ; the house was very comfortable, but stables and sheds are getting old and require continual putting in order, and the house re-shingling. The crop put in here was eighty-six acres of grain and eight acres of roots ; and there were harvested four hundred and seventy-four bushels of grain and one hundred and seventy-seven bushels of roots. The farmer expected to have one hundred and seventy acres under crop this year (1903) ; twenty-six acres of new land had been broken ; there was no summer fallowing or fall ploughing. The farmer put up some good bridges over bad crossings on the reserve ; a few houses had been taken down and rebuilt ; four new stables had been built. There is not stable accommodation for all the cattle and many had to winter as best they could during the coldest of wea- ther, and what was as bad, or worse, I found cattle in stables unmudded and as cold as outside, more like a rail fence. The herd numbered one hundred and thirty-one head as against one hundred and twelve in .Tuly, 1901, a pretty fair showing considering the bad stabling. Hay seemed to be sufficient. The chief and headmen agitate for a saw- mill ; it seems these Indians are going the wrong way ; farming and the raising of cattle are the main industries for this band, and a saw-naill would only be a bill of expense and keep them from more legitimate work. The band had more cattle five years ago than it has now, and eighty-six acres under crop in 1902, and none at all in 1901, is a poor showing on this fine reserve, and the best of land. The farmer, Mr. Bard, is young, active and intelligent, and has ex- perience in farming and should make a good showing, if he gives his undivided time to the duties of the position. The Indians promised to break one hundred acres this summer. Michel's band, no. 132. This band has a population of eighty-six, composed of Crees. This is the most prosperous reserve in the agency, and was found in its usual good condition of ex- cellence— houses good and cleanly kept, stables ample and in a good state, and cattle in good order. The members of this band are self-supporting, and a request was made that they be put on the independent list, which means that they be free to manage their own affairs — to sell hay, grain and cattle, without reference to the agent, and they to ask for nothing henceforth from the department. I think, myself, that the time has come when this band could with advantage be let out of apron strings, and I am sure it would not abuse the freedom asked for. Thv^ crop put in by this small band was three hundred and thirty-two acres of grain and five and a half acres of roots. There were harvested three thousand and ninety-seven bushels of grain and three hundred and forty-two bushels of roots, and a large quanlitj^ of grain was destroyed by hail. The cattle numbered eighty-eight head as against ninety-six in July, 1901. The band is in good circumstances and the members are comfortably well off. The Cal- lihoo brothers and the chief have as a fine places as any white settler, and are well supplied with heavy work horses and machinery of all kinds. Enoch's band, no. 135. This band has a population of one hundred and twenty-nine, composed of Crees. The agency buildings are on this reserve. The general appearance of the Indian houses was not as tidy as I used to find them. They had not been whitewashed ; the reason given was that lime could not be got in time. The houses, as a rule, are good ones and are kept very well. The chief has a good house and stable, and he had his flag up. Most of the houses on this reserve have open fireplaces. Alexander is one of the most enterprising of the young men, and he has a nice, clean house, beddinc: which 27~i— 14i 212 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 looked clean, a large new cook-stove, tables, chairs, &c., a good stable, granarj^ shed for thresher, implement-shed, thrifty-looking place, nice field well fenced, no open chimney, but, the house being large, the want of a chimney was not felt. He has twenty-four head of cattle. Wm. Ward has a large house and it was in fine order, clean and tidy, and well furnished. The stables are large and comfortable, with good sheds and corrals, he has thirty-three head of cattle after deducting four that were missing. Hay seemed to be plentiful and some of the Indians had hay to sell. Beaverfoot from Alexander's reserve had selected a pretty location and had built a fine house one and a-half storeys, a good stable, a hennery, and had logs on the ground for an implement-shed ; he has twenty-four head of cattle, and a large quantity of hay. Beaverfoot is industrious and pushing and is prospering, he has a large field and rails were laid all along to fence it. The crop put in on this reserve in 1902 was one hundred and fourteen acres of grain and eight acres of roots. There were harvested one thousand five hundred and ten bushels of grain and five hundred and fifty-three bushels of roots. The herd numbered two hundred and nine as against two hundred and twelve in July, 1901. The band expected to have four hundred acres under crop this year, 1903 ; two hundred and thirteen acres of new land broken were reported, sixty acres of sum- mer fallow, twenty acres of fall ploughing, and there would be one hundred acres of spring ploughing, in all three hundred and ninety-three acres. The Indians surrendered fourteen square miles of the reserve, and a portion of the proceeds of the sale, namely, $10,000, was allowed them to purchase implements, &c. With this increase in their outfit they are now well supplied, and every acre of land on the reserve should be under cultivation, outside of pasturage. The list of new implements, &c., is as follows : twenty-four heavy horses, two of these had been dis- posed of and two died, leaving twenty on hand at time of inspection, and these were in good order and were being well cared for bv the Indians, in whose hands they were placed ; sixteen sets of double harness, thirty-eight new ploughs, twenty-three wagons, twenty-three pair of bob-sleighs, seventeen sets of harrows, seven mowers, two binders, Dne thresher, seven disc-harows, six horse-rakes^ four seeders, ten sets of ox-harness, six grindstones, eighteen spades, eighteen shovels, eighteen hoes, eighteen garden-rakes, thirty-six hay-forks, twenty-four axes, sixty boxes of axle-grease, also a buckboard and harness for the chief. Fifteen old women got each a dress, shawl, blanket, boots and stockings. Eleven old men got each a suit, overcoat, blanket, hat, boots, and socks. All the above is in addition to the equipment already held by the band, so that there is no excuse now for want of wherewith to do the work required. The fencing of the reserve is an improvement and when completed will be twenty- one and a-half miles. Nine miles have been finished, three miles have the posts put in, and posts are on the ground for the remainder, nine and a-half miles. The fence is a strong one with three strings of wire ; the posts are tamarack seven feet long, two feet in the ground and twelve feet apart ; the top rail is of spruce, fastened on top of posts with spikes. A five hundred acre field had been fenced in for the agency stock, with a rail fence, which is a convenience to the agency. Sawing lumber for outsiders is proposed, and I do not think farmers' and Indians' time should be taken up in this kind of work and farm operations neglected. The average weight of cattle here is very small, five hundred and ninety-two pounds for steers and four hundred and eighty-nine for cows, dressed, which is about equal to nine hundred and fifty pounds live weight for, steers ; some two-year-old steers bad been killed for beef. The office work was examined from July 1, 1901, to March 31, 1903, and found correctly done by the clerk, Mr. Carruthers; it is scarcely necessary for me to say this, as Mr. Carruthers has always been considered one of the most painstaking and sapable officials in the service. CALGARY INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 213 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Mr. Blewett, farmer on Enoch's reserve, was doing very well, and was active in his work and acquainted with the condition of the Indians and of the cattle on the reserve. The agent accompanied me in all my visits and seemed ever anxious and inter- ested in what was going on. I should not omit to mention that the intei-preter and teamster, Mr. John Foley, is a most reliable man, a good interpreter and .takes good care of the horses, and keeps the storehouse in good order. The usual inventories and statements were forwarded to the Commissioner, Winnipeg. I hope to see great improvements on my next visit. Tt is time these Indians were out of the old rut ; it is a reflection on the country to have to send flour or beef to feed these Indians, with all the magnificent land at their disposal. The total number of cattle in the whole agency on March 31, 1903, was five hun- dred and fifty-four, two hundred and seventeen native horses or ponies and twenty heavy horses, seventy-two sheep, seven pigs, and one hundred and twenty-eight poultry. BLOOD AGENCY. Having some special business to attend to at Macleod, my next point was the Blood agency, commencing my inspection there on April 7, 1903. I confined my work i)rincipally to auditing the books, from November 1, 1900, to March 31, 1903, The staff is as follows : — James Wilson, agent ; T. J. Fleetham, clerk ; Ered. Rhodes, issuer ; David Mills, interpreter and teamster ; R. C. McDonald, stockman for No. 1 farm ; W. Damon, stockman for No. 4 farm ; J. A. Webb, stockman for No. '\ faiTQ ; Jas. Wells, scout at agency ; Joe Aberdeen, scout at No. 3 farm. I checked the beef -books from the killing and weighing, certified to in each case by the issuer, agent or clerk, and a representative of the contractor, to the final entry in the ledger and the vouchers for payment. I found the accounts very well kept and everything done in a business-like maner. I also checked vouchers with receipt-book and ledger and took an inventory of all property on hand at agency headquarters and at the fai-ms. The cash-book was carefully gone over and all moneys received were duly entered and accounts and receipts for all payments were on file. The money transactions are large and are daily increasing; the transactions from November, 1900, to March, 1903, filled one hundred and eighty-one pages of a large cash-book ; hay contracts, beef money, coal contracts, fi'eighting, sales of ponies, wages as scouts and other earnings have all to be entered up in the individual Indian's accounts, of which there are over two hundred and fifty. The earnings up to March, 1903, from July 1, 1902, were over $29,000. Treaty money is not included in this. A cash state- ment is sent every month, also a balance sheet of the standing of each Indian's ac- count, the whole causing considerable labour, but Mr. Eleetham was quite equal to the task, and has his work promptly done un to date and is never behind in his re- turns. None but a thoroughly qualified clerk would do for this place, as the agent requires all his time out on the reserve, visiting the farms and looking after cattle, and the many other matters requiring his attention. On the occasion of my last visit here, in 1895, the number of cattle held by In- dians was seventy -four head, the holders being Chief Red Crow (now dead), twenty- three; Crop Ear (now chief), twenty-three; Sleeps on Top, eighteen; Blackfoot Old Woman, ten ; and at the round-up, held in July, of which I will take notice later on in this report, the number was three thousand three hundred and eighty-six, after deduct- ing what were killed for beef, deaths, losses, &c., and the number of holders was two hundred and eight, a separate account for each Indian being kept, a list of which I furn- ished the Commissioner, with the number held by each, also the classification of the cattle. The cattle-books I left until my return in July, to be present at the round-up, which, is ihe only time a correct count can be made. 214 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 The ration-bouses at the lower and upper points were examined and found in a cleanly state ; butchering was done in proper style and the issuing carefully made. The hfey industry on this agency has grown to large dimensions. When hay was selling in Aiacleod in the old days for $20 a ton, thousands of tons were r-jtting on "he prairie, because of the distance to haul and the want of wagons. I remember when the Indians had only ten wagons, and now they have two hundred and fifty ; they had then only four mowers, and now they have forty-five ; all paid for by themselves out of their earnings, besides harness, tools, lumber and shingles for their houses, so that they put their money to good use, and no Indians in the country are better off than these in good houses, horses, rigs, equipment and in dress, and not a word of com- plaint, a contrast to what it was in early days, when women came for rations on train- aux drawn by dogs ; this was the practice in 1886, when I first visited this agency. Farming is not now attempted, beyond a few potato patches ; it was tried over and over with little success; of course this was in the dry years, and I fancy farming might do better now ; but cattle-raising is a sure industry, and it has put these Indians on their feet. Two large ranches have been put up for beef -cattle and weaning calves near the agency headquarters. As I have stated, I returned here on July 2 to attend the rovind-up and check the cattle records and also to inspect the schools. This reserve is forty miles long and on an average is sixteen miles wide, and when it is considered that over three thousand cattle are scattered over this space, some on the prairie, some in coulees and ravines, and others in thick willow bluffs on the bot- toms, it may give an idea of what a round-up is. First, the Indian cattle had to be separated from ranchers' stock, and the latter driven off the' reserve ; then the Indian cattle were collected into central points, where corrals were placed. After this was done, the round-up commenced. The outfit consisted of ten cowboys (Indians), a wagon with a cover on it, with provisions, a cook, a day and night herder for the horses; the cowboys change horses two or three times a day, as the riding they have to do is enormous. I have often seen one of them riding full gallop after some little brute of a yearling steer or heifer running like a deer. Mr. Damon was in charge of the outfit, accompanied by Mr. Wilson, agent, mounted on a spanlving broncho. I took a safer conveyance and drove with the interpreter. Off we started, gipsy-fashion. The first thing to do is brand the calves, then count the cattle one by one, and enter up each Indian's to his own account, then move on to another point and go through the same operation. When dinner-time came the cook, who went ahead, had all ready and we all took dinner at the same table (on thfe grass). After dinner the cowboys saddled up fresh horses, and another start was made and more work done, until night, when we had supper and camped in a tent. At four o'clock in the morning Damon's voice could be heard, ' Up, boys,' and about half -past four or five we had breakfast, and every one was on the move before six. This lasted nine days before the round-up was com- pleted. It is an easy matter to check off a lot of cattle when they belong to the same ])erson or company, but when we had two hundred and eight owners, and to classify each man's cattle, it is a different story, and it has to be done in order to locate the individual losses. Mr. McDonald, the other stockman, was away at the Cochrane round-up looking for strays belonging to Indians. I wish to mention here that six of the cowboys were graduates of Elkhorn, Dun- bow and Calgaiy industrial schools, and having known most of them as boys, I felt proud of them ; they were splendid horsemen, capital ropers, and were active and in- telligent, and could handle branding irons as well as any white man. ^ The number of calves branded was six hundred and fifty-three, and was under what was expected ; but no doubt a good many nerished during the big storm in Mar. Probably some hundred or so more births will have to be added in the fall. Mr. Damon proved himself to be an experienced hand at the business and had his men alwav^ well under control, and everything went on without a hitch. The cattle on the whole • CALGARY INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 215 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 were a fine lot and were in prime condition, and some of the cows were tlie best I had seen anywhere. The older bulls were a fair lot. The cattle record-books are very well kept ; Mr. Wilson gives these his personal attention, and is therefore familiar with each man's holdings. The Indians take quite an interest in their cattle and they keenly watched that their calves were properly branded. When I was here in 1895, only one of two houses had shingled roofs ; now I am safe in saying that two-thirds of the houses have them. The houses were not occupied, but it is mj intention to make another visit in winter and inspect every one of them. I have not space here to notice many, but I give one or two samples. Weasel Fat has a new frame house, 33x18. and a lean-to kitchen, large sitting- room, two good-sized bed-rooms, large kitchen, two factory-made bedsteads, tables, chairs, oil-cloth on tables, window blinds and curtains, two nicely framed pictures of the King and Queen. The flooring was made with matched lumber, a contrast from the uneven hewn log flooring of the old house, with mud roof, size 16x16, and all in one. There was a nice cupboard with a good supply of dishes neatly placed. This family makes butter. The son is an Elktiorn graduate, and is another proof of the influence of graduates on a reserve, when properly handled. This is a sample of rais- ing the old people instead of falling into the old habits and customs. Weasel Fat in- vited us to dinner, but it would have delayed the party, and we had to move with the rest. This man's place is a pretty one, and is at the lowest end of the reserve ; there is a nice grove of trees on the bank of the river, which winds round and round the bottom. The chief's house is the last at the upper end of the reserve, and nearly opposite the Cochrane residence, on the other side of the river; the house is frame with shingled roof, and painted; a wing is used as a kitchen. The house has a pretty appearance in the valley. Two brass-mounted iron bedsteads were to be seen with mattresses, blankets, sheets, quilts and pillows ; a fine new carpet, costing one dollar a yard, was on the floor, both downstairs and upstairs, and a big roll of the same kind of carpet was un- used, a very nice cherry what-not, and a cabinet in which the chief keeps his papers ; a large picture of the King, well framed, was on the wall ; rocking and other chairs, curtains on windows, papered ceiling and walls, and wainscotting all around, panel doors. I noticed a Daisy churn upstairs, but it had not the appearance of having been used. The chief had a garden and a small field of oats. His place is an ideal one for cattle ; sheds and stable are in a grove of tall trees, and a stream of water runs through it, which never dries up or freezes in winter. He had a herd of one hundred and forty- one head and has about four hundred horses, and is considered a wealthy man. He was one of the first to take cattle and change ponies for heifers. Bumble Bee has two good houses with shingled roofs, window and door frames painted red, curtains on windows, usual furniture; he has a good stable and corral and the place is tidy and clean. Black Plume has a nice place, old house used as a store-room, new house shingled roof ; factory-made bedstead, three chairs, a maple-wood bureau, rocking chair, lamps ; a small garden ; a neat, tidy place. These are specimens of hundreds of others; the farm buildings at Bull Horn's village were to be removed lower down the river to a place where there is n never-fail- ing spring; a new house was to be built; a pasture here, one and a half miles square, had been fenced for beef cattle at this end of the reserve. The Indians all appear to be well off and are cheerful and contented, and on the whole are well behaved. Since I was here in 1895 I notice quite a difference in their mode of living. Their interest in the education of their children has not' kept pace with their material prosperity and few of them embrace Christianity. The Indians purchased in 1902 wagons, harness and saddles to the amount of $4,400 ; mowers and rakes, ^860 ; wire for fencing, $200 ; and in 1903, horses and 216 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 saddles, $970; wagons, twenty-two at $64.50, $1,419; wagons, six, $90, $540; lumber and shingles, $1,200, malcing a total of $9,589. These are the main items of their purchases. The total number of Indians is one thousand one hundred and eighty-five ; a little over two hundred are totally desti- tute, being orphans, blind, lame, or very old people. The agent is ever on the move, and there is no official in the service that I know of who does the work he performs, and not by fits and starts, but constantly; in this, however, he has the satisfaction of seeing his efforts crowned with abundant success. The hospital on the reserve was inspected and found in excellent state. The build- ing is the same as I have previously described. There were only three patients in the building, two men and one woman, none of them serious cases. Sister St. Eusebe is matron and is assisted by two other Sisters. There is a small garden managed by the Sisters. I took an inventory of the pro- perty and sent it to the Commissioner along with agency inventory and the usual detailed report and statements. HOBBEMA AGENCY. The next agency inspected was Hobbema. The staff is as follows : W. S. Grant, agent ; John BCollies, clerk ; E. Chandler, farmer, Louis Bull and Ermineskin's re- serves ; T. W. Lucas, farmer, Samson's and Montana reserves ; Henri Blanc, inter- preter and teamster ; occasionally a blacksmith and sawyer, a miller ; John Baptiste, mail-carrier. The agency buildings were found in splendid condition, all whitewashed and roofs painted red. A good many improvements had been made, including a new office, adjoining the old one, which is now used for Indians to meet in, and a portion for the medicines. Many repairs had been made and nothing seemed to be out of order. Evergreen-trees are planted around the agent's and clerk's houses, and these give a pleasing appearance to the place. Good gardens, nicely laid out, are also a feature of the agency. Large and pretty fields are to be seen close to the agency headquarters, and these give an impression of good farming. One of these fields is the agent's twenty acres, to raise oats for the stock. The whole surroundings reflect credit on the good taste of Mr. Grant. I have not met with a better laid out agency for carry- ing on the work than this one, not an implement that was not under cover. The grist and saw-mills were also in good order and ready for operation at any time. SAMSON'S BAND, NO. 137. The population is three hundred and thirty-two. These Indians are Crees. The reserve is in a fairly progressive condition. The houses are good ones and some of them have shingled roofs, and as a rule are kept clean ; nearly all were whitewashed and the shingled roofs were painted red. The Indians were busy in the fields. I found in one afternoon twelve teams ploughing and harrowing, some had oxen, others three ponies on a plough, and where horses were larger, only two. Other Indians were mak- ing fences, and there seemed to be an air of activity about the reserve. The season was backward and cold in early May. This reserve had in crop, 1902, one hundred and sixty-four acres of wheat, one hundred and fourteen acres of oats, thirty-nine of barley and four acres of roots. Owing to hail-storms the results were poor, eight hun- dred and forty-eight bushels of wheat, eight hundred and seventy-three of oats and five hundred and forty of roots. The acreage of 1903 would be about one hundred and ninety-six acres of wheat, eighty-three of oats, ten acres of roots. Twenty-six Indians have farms ranging from five to eighteen acres each ; they had sixty-five acres of new breaking and forty-five of summer-fallow. CALQABY INSPECTORATE, A.W.T. 217 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The cattle were in fairly good condition; the grass so far was poor. The herd numbered four hundred and five head, without the calves of 1903. Since I was here last, a new Methodist church has been built on this reserve, also new mission buildings. The church is 50 x 30, and finished inside with British Colum- bia dressed lumber and up-to-date comfortable pews. The church has a commanding view from all parts of the reserve. The Eev. Mr. Germain is the missionary, and in his absence the young chief, Samson, takes his place. Seven new houses and six stables were built during the year ; also ten granariea of more or less size. One pleasing feature was that seven young men, beginners, commenced farming this spring. These Indians felt a little discouraged at the loss of so much crop last year, which looked so promising until cut down by hail ; they hope for better results this year. ERMINESKIN BAND, NO. 138. The population is one hundred and fifty-five. The work going on here was much the same as on Samson's. Some pretty fields and well kept homesteads were noticed. The farm buildings were not so tidy as they should be. I have always insisted on agency and faim buildings and surroundings being kept in the best possible order ; there is no use in preaching to Indians about keeping their places tidy if one's own are not so. The chief's house was in fair order, although he apologized for its not being so tidy as usual, owing to the sickness of his wife. Ermineskin is a fine old man. The crop put in in 1902 was forty-three acres of wheat, eighty-three acres of oats, six and a half of barley and four acres of roots. These Indians fared better than Samson's, the results being seven hundred and fifteen bushels of wheat, one thousand four hundred and forty-eight of oats, sixty-eight of barley and two hundred and ten of roots; potatoes were a poor crop all over last year. The acreage this year, 1903, was about fifty-five acres of wheat, one hundred and twenty-four of oats and eight of roots. Forty-five acres of new land had been broken and thirty-five summer-fallowed. The farmer had a field of twelve acres for oats for farm stock. Logs were on the ground for new houses and stables. The herd of this band numbered two hundred and sixty-two, exclusive of 1903 calves. The cattle were in fair order for the time of year. I would like to see the acreage on this reserve more than doubled ; the band has long enough been wasting its time on a few acres. LOUIS bull's band, no. 140. The population was seventy-five, consisting of Crees. A number of new logs were at many places for new houses and stables. The chief's house was untidy ; I never found it othenvise. The other houses visited were fairly clean. The crop put in in 1902 was: wheat, seven acres, oats, 35 acres, barley, two, roots, three and one-eighth acres ; the crop harvested was : wheat, sixty-nine bushels, oats, six hundred and fifteen, barley, sixteen, roots, one hundred and eighty bushels. The acreage for 3903 was ex- pected to be ten acres of wheat, fifty-two of oats and the usual quantity of roots, twenty acres of summer-fallow and a few acres of new breaking. All the houses on this ■reserve had been newly whitewashed. The herd numbered one hundred and two head. A good deal of the fencing needed repairs. The Indians were working in the fields, but there was room for more progress amongst them. MONTANA BAND. This band occupies Bobtail's old reserve ; its population was forty-five. These are the remnant of the Indians deported from across the line a few years ago. They 218 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 are doing a little in farming and had some pretty fields. Last year they had thirty-two acres of wheat and not a bushel was harvested. They had five and one-quarter acres of roots and harvested three hundred and twenty-five bushels. The crop put in this year, 1903, was thirty-five acres of wheat, twenty of oats and four of roots, new break- ing, twenty-five acres, and summer-fallow, twenty acres. The farmer, young Mr. Lucas, was doing very well overseeing this band. Houses and stables were in fair order. The herd numbered sixty-seven head. Two new houses had been built. One man here has the largest wheat-field in the whole agency ; it was strongly fenced, and the land looked as if well prepared, and if the year is favourable, ought to have a large crop. The agency herd numbers fifty head. The total number of cattle on the agency was eight hundred and eighty-six, and calves of 1903 to add after branding ; these are in the hands of one hundred and twenty-eight heads of families. During the past three years these Indians have purchased and paid for out of beef money : seventeen double wagons, fifteen pair of bob-sleighs, fifteen mowers, nine horse-rakes and twenty-four sets of double harness. Thirty heifers changed from one Indian to another ; this, of course, does not increase the herd. Besides beef money these Indians earn a good deal from selling rat-skins, fish, &c. The follov/ing quantities of lumber were sawn at the mill the past year : eleven thousand feet of lumber and nine thousand shingles, used in flooring houses and repairs ; seven new houses were shingled. The flour! gristed was equal to sixty-five sacks, from one hundred and ninety-five bushels of wheat. The quantity of beef con- sumed from July 1, 1902, to April 30, 1903, ten months, was seventy-three thousand five hundred and fifty pounds. Of this quantity the department paid Indians for thirty-six thousand four hundred and ninety pounds and the Indians supplied without pay thirty-seven thousand and sixty pounds or a shade over half, which I consider a favourable showing in the right direction to complete self-support as far as beef is concerned. The office work is well attended to by Mr. Hollies,, who is very painstaking and anxious to have all well done, and I was pleased with hira. The agent, Mr. Grant, was keeping up his reputation of being a careful and suc- cessful agent. He thinks of nothing else but his Indians and how he can save a few pounds of beef and flour. He is ever on the move among the Indians and all goes on smoothly without a jar. The agency is in better condition, as a whole, than I ever found it, and strangers visiting the headquarters are struck with the fine appearance. The usual reports and statements were forwarded to the Commissioner. About five hundred logs were near the mill to be sawn when time permitted. A bridge was built by Mr. Grant and his Indians, two years ago, over Battle river, not far from the headquarters, and last year when iron bridges were swept away on this river at various points during the flood, this Indian bridge stood the test and is a good, strong bridge yet. The bulls were in good condition and were well cared for during winter. The cattle had also been well stabled during winter. SAECEE AGEIs^CY. I commenced my inspection here on May 14, 1903. The population was two hun- dred and three. The staff consists of A. J. McNeill, agent ; Geo. Hodgson, farmer, issuer and intferpreter ; Otter, scout and general assistant round agency, also handy doing jobs in carpentry and painting, and Tom Godin, assistant issuer. The agency buildings were found in excellent state. The following additions and improvements were made since last inspection by Mr. Wadsworth in June, 1900 : a covering for the well, a neat little building, and one hundred and fifty feet of hose CALGARY INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 219 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 attached, which can be used in case of fire ; meantime it is handy to water the garden ; a good ice-house, a coal-shed, two poultry-houses, farm horse-stable removed to a more convenient position and rebuilt, giving room for six hoi'ses, harness-room, bin for oats, and a large hay-loft. The oifice has been improved also, by changing the doors, giving more room. The ?chool-house at the upper village, not being used, has been removed to the farm build- ings and is now used as a granary. The clerk's cottage is also used as a granary, but can be used as a house if ever required. The agent's house is surrounded with ever- green and other trees, shrubbery, &c., which add very much to the otherwise neat and tidy agency. Mrs. MclsTeill is an enthusiast in tree-planting, and this lady does not ask for help in the work, but digs the holes and plants the trees hei'self and has the best of success, as all the trees were growing nicely. ISTeat fencing is all around the buildings and garden. Shingled roofs are on the cattle and implement sheds ; all implements and tools are under cover. There is a comfortable little stable near a spring for the bulls (two) and they were looking well, being fed on hay and oats and chop feed. The agent has a good garden. The Indians have been successful in their farming operations : in 1900 they har- vested four thousand four hundred and twenty bushels of oats and one thousand bushels roots; in 1901, three thousand nine hiindred and forty-six bushels oats and one thousand two hundred and eighty bushels roots, and in 1902, one thousand one hundred and ninety-eight bushels oats, two hundred and five bushels potatoes, two hundred and eighteen bushels turnips, eight bushels carrots and eight bushels onions. - The crop put in this year, 1903, will be as near as possible : one hundred and sixty acres oats, two acres wheat, six acres potatoes, four and a-half acres turnips, one acre carrots, and thirteen gardens, of more or less size. The earnings of the band from Jub', 1902, to April 30, 1903, were $9,000 from sales of beef, hay, farm produce, wood, ponies; buyers wei^ daily visiting the reserves, looking for ponies, and Indians were getting good prices for them as well as by working for settlers, making bridges, hunt- ing, cari>enti'y and painting. Thirty -five acres of new land were broken and twenty- five summer-fallowed. The cattle were in very fair order for the time of year. The Indian herd was one hundred and eleven head, and the agency herd twenty-three, a total of one hundred and thirty-four. The number of private ponies was estimated .at one thousand, and poultry at seventy-five. The Indians) have built a number of now houses, vrith shingled roofs, and I found all their houses A'ery clean and com- fortable. The chief has a nice house with stone foundation, three apartments below, and it was kept in good style ; he had trees planted around it and also a neat rail fence. Seven new stables had also been put up. Among the houses the following are samples : Jim Big Plume, married to a gra- duate from Red Deer industrial school, has a nice house and a wing for a kitchen ; two bedsteads, one of them iron, tables, chairs, box and cook stoves, a shelf with a collection of books, among which I noticed a Bible and prayer and hymn-books ; oil- cloth, fancy lamps, clock, curtains on windows ; the whole place was bright and clean ; good stable and some poultry ; ten acres of oats in a nice field, well harrowed and twelve head of cattle. John One Spot has a nice new house and a foui'-acre field. One Spot, father of John, has a good field of oats and half an acre of roots, a lot of poultry, and a fine lot of spring chickens, the largest I had seen this year ; he had four hens hatching in one corner of the kitchen and had two pails of eggs packed, wrapped in paper, to take into Calgary. This is a thrifty man, but he has always refused to take cattle ; after talk- ing to him for a while he said he w^ould' buy some cows out of his crop, but he would take no cattle on loan. Dick Starlight, son-in-law of One Spot, has a nice house, iron bedstead, an oak one also, Brussels carpet, ornaments on walls, brackets, clock, &c., and a six-acre field of oats. 220 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Sleigh and Crow Child both had clean, tidy, little houses. Crow Child had poultry, and has fiften head of cattle, a nice field and has two wagons and a top buggy ; he has three children in the boarding school and three at home. He has a nice place beautifully situated. Pat. Grasshopper was building an addition to his house ; he is a handy man with tools, and had a lot of tools hung on the walls of his house, all bright and shining. He had eight acres under crop and has thirteen head of cattle ; a nice railing round his house and trees, rails whitewashed \«'ith lime, fancy gates; shelving, dresser — a good one, all made by himself; ceiling of his house sheeted with dressed lumber. Dick Night has a neat, little house. His wife is a school graduate ; he has a six- acre field. Otter has a neat house with painted roof; the place was tidy outside and in, and beds neatly made. Bull Collar, police scout, lived in the chief's old house. His wife is a graduate of Duiibow industrial school. The house was in the pink of neatness, with a carpet and crimson table cover ; a comfortable place. The teepees were also kept in a good state. The occupants had a hard time during the big storm, which lasted three days ; some took shelter in houses and doubled up with neighbours, as food was scarce, no provision having been made for such an un- expected storm. We had to dig a passage from the house to the office, the snow filling the road to the top of the rails on each side. The snow would do no harm to the crops ; on the contrary, would be a benefit, but some of the settlers' cattle suffered. I heard of one who lost eighteen out of a herd of twenty-four. The Indian cattle came through without the loss of a single hoof ; shed room told in a storm like this, and the willow bluffs near the creek served a good purpose also. Fortunately two good stacks of hay were in reserve for the spring work and these came in handy. The band purchased during the last three years and paid for same out of its own funds, eight mowers, six rakes, twenty-four wagons, twenty-five sets of double harness, ten sets of single harness, twelve sets of bob-sleighs, ten light rigs, forty saddles, fifteen stoves, three ploughs, one road-scraper, and many other useful articles for their houses, lumber being a consider- able item. When I was here last, April, 1895, four persons only had cattle to the number of ten head, namely, Big Crow, four head. Crow Child, two head, Jas. Big Plume, one. Sleigh, three ; on March 31, 1903, seventeen of the band had cattle to the number of one hundred and eleven head. I would like to see them have one thousand head ; they have the hay, the grass, and timber for sheds, and should with very little trouble pro- . vide their own beef, and sell cattle besides for flour. The health of the Indians was good. There is a mission church, the Yen. Arch- deacon Tims being the missionary, and services are held every Sunday, Indian service in the morning and English in the afternoon. The Indians attend fairly well. The office work is done by Mr. MelSTeill himself, and he does it well, as I did not find one error in going over the three years' transactions. Indians' getting liquor is not on the increase; every precaution is taken in this respect. These Indians are practically free of debt. There is a quiet, contented de- meanour about these Indians I never found before. The general tone of the whole agency is pleasing, and is one proof of advancement, in addition to the increase in cattle and a fair amount of farming, with better houses and equipment than ever before. The chief said at a meeting in his house that his people were on friendly terms with each other, never quarrelled, and all were friendly with the agent ; their only trouble was getting whisky and landing into the lock-up occasionally. He said the fault was not theirs, that liquor was one of God's creatures and the white man gave it to them. I advised the chief and his men never to touch liquor and they would keep out of the lock-up. CALGARY INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 221 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Crow Collar did not want to part with any portion of their reserve. He said the agent was a good man and made money. I asked if he meant the agent or the Indians made the money. He said the Indians ; that the agent helped them to make money. The Cree said all was going on well and he was perfectly satisfied. The agent is to be congratulated on the good condition of the agency and on the progress of the Indians. I must not omit to mention that George Hodgson, one of the oldest officials in the service, is as faithful as ever, and is the only help the agent has. Mr. McNeill drove me to Calgary. The usual detailed report and statements, re- turns, &c., were sent to Winnipeg. STONY RESERVE, MORLEY. I commenced my inspection here on May 28, 1903. The population was six hun- dred and thirty-five. The staff consists of H. E. Sibbald, agent ; H. Nichol, clerk, issuer and store- keeper ; P. Masson, herder. The agency buildings were found in good repair. Some new buildings had been put up since last inspection, in July, 1900, by Mr. Wadsworth. A good horse-stable and carriage-shed, a storehouse, and other small buildings have been erected. All are whitewashed and roofs painted red, and looked very well. There are neat fences around the premises and more were to be added this vear. The slaughter-pen and ration- house were being repaired. Farming is on a small scale here, only green feed being raised. In 1902 the Indians had one hundred and sixty-four acres of oats, all cut green for feed. The agency had thirty-six acres of rye and ten of oats, all cut green. A good many of the Indians have gardens and raise potatoes. This year, 1903, the crop put in is one hundred and seventy-five acres of oats by Indians and sixty-one by the agent. The fields were look- ing veiy well and the land seemed to be well ploughed and properly harrowed. Some nice land was broken and the ploughing by the Indians was well done, the furrows being even and straight. The hospital is a new building ; it is situated on the bank of the Bow river, near the bridge ; it has not yet been used, not being quite finished, and there is no equip- ment of any kind in it. The cattle were in fair condition. I had a satisfactory round-up. I suppose not less than one hundred Indians, well mounted on good horses, scoured the reserve on both sides of the river and railway track for three days, to get all cattle into corrals, the result being that I counted five hundred and seventy-six Indian cattle, sixteen agency stock and eighty-one calves of 1903, a total of six hundred and fifty-five. The books called for six hundred and seventy-three, showing a discrepancy of eighteen. The crop of calves up to June 3, the day I counted them, was eighty-one, from two hundred and seventy-two cows, and it is probable a good many perished in the May storm. The cattle here are generally on the small side. The individual cattle record books had not been touched since I left them in 1895, and cattle had been kept bunched and jumbled together in one account. I have given orders to have the individual ac- counts reopened, and each Indian's cattle classified properly, and I hope to find this done on my next visit. These Indians should have a much larger herd ; it is their main industry and some how it has not received the attention it should in the past. The pasturage is the best, and clear running water easy of access the year round. Cattle-sheds and wind-breaks are needed at various points, and T h.n'o asked Mr. Sibbald to see to this, now that the Indians have liimber. The Indians houses looked very well, but were all vacant. It is my intention to visit them all in winter. The Indians, men, women and children, are well dressed, and all have horses and seem to enjoy riding about. 222 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 The beef-books were carefully examined and found correctly kept. The butchering was well done, and excepting a misunderstanding in taking the offal, the entries were properly made. The agent and Indians started a wood speculation in December last, by shipping dead wood in car-lota to Calgary ; the department advanced $500 as capital to work the scheme. Up to May 31, 1903, the Indians had earned in furnishing wood, hauling, cutting and other labour, $2,114.70, and the balance sheet up to that date showed an apparent profit of $146.30. The wood is sawn into stove-lengths and shipped to dealers in Calgary, who make a handsome profit in supplying families. The scheme is a good one, as it gives the Indians a chance to earn money ; but I have cautioned Mr. Sibbald that it is not to be carried on to the neglect of the cattle, as this is more important than sawing wood for Calgary people. The Indians cut last January and February a number of logs, two thousand three hundred on the south side of the river and two thousand five hundred on the north side. The logs were being sawn into boards and the Indians give one-third of the boards for the sawing, and if boards are planed, two dollars per thousand extra. About fifty Indians have more or less logs and the boards will be used in repairing their houses, stables, &c. The scant- ling will make good wind-breaks. These Indians have purchased and paid for out of beef and wood money, sales of ponies, &c., the following: fifty saddles at $10, $500; sixteen wagons at $74, $1,184 ; sixteen sets of harness at $30, $380 ; three cook stoves, $90 ; one house (mission), $200 ; furniture, $200 ; four mowers and rakes at $85, $340, and six ploughs at $21, $126, making a total of $3,120. I understand they are out of debt. The ofiice work is fairly well done. The clerk, Mr. Nichol, is capable, but this being his first experience in an office, some of the work was new to him, but on the whole he was doing very well, and now that he knows what is expected, I am satisfied all the work will be properly done. His beef and flour accounts were particularly well kept. The agent is energetic and hard-working, and is doing very well, and on the whole I was pleased with the inspection. The earnings of the Indians from July 1, 1902, to date were over $8,000 for beef, wood, ponies, fur, labour as guides, &c. Mr. Luxton, merchant, from Banff, purchased one day I was at the agency eight ponies at an average price of $25 each, and gave $50 for one for his own use. PEIGAN AGENCY. I commenced my inspection here on July 30, 1903. The population was five hun- dred and thirty. The staff consists of E. N. Wilson, agent ; G. H. Eace, clerk and issuer ; C. H. Clarke, stockman; Thos. Scott, interpreter, and Pard (Indian), scout and mail- carrier. My last visit to this agency was in 1895, and I noticed wonderful changes in the general appearance of the place since that time. The Eoman Catholic boarding school is a prominent addition to the place, although not forming part of the agency build- ings ; a new cottage had been put up for the clerk, a neat and comfortable building ; also a small house for the assistant stockman, and one for the interpreter ; a large horse-stable, and a hay barn, implement warehouse and sheds. The old buildings are Mr. Clarke's quarters, office and rooms for mechanics when working at the agency, medicine-room and blacksmith-shop. The agency warehouse has been removed to the bench on a line with the agent's house, where there will be no danger from damage by floods. A new office was being built adjoining the warehouse, the old one being low, cramped and difficult to reach in flood-time, unless on a raft or boat. The old slaughter-house was on the bank of the river, and it was washed away during the flood of 1902 ; a new one, with a ration- CALGARY INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 223 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 house, has been built further back on higher ground; a good well supplies all the water required to keep liie place clean. All the buildings, except the slaughter and ration-houses, which are painted terra-cotta, are whitewashed and roofs painted red, and have a neat and pretty appearance. The same pleasing appearance is to be seen in visiting the Indian houses from the lower to the upper end of the reserve, on both sides of the river, a distance of twenty miles ; over twenty new frame houses had been built and some neat log ones, stables, sheds, corrals, hay barns, &c. None of the frame houses are less than 30 x IS and contain separate rooms ; two houses are 30 x 30 and have each four rooms downstairs and two apartments upstairs, and all had shingled roofs. At many of the places I noticed special sheds for implements, which showed good care and management. The slabs from the saw-mill are made good use of in put- ting up sheds and corrals. The following are a few specimens of the houses : Henry Potts' new frame house, 30 X 30, well tinished in every way, six rooms in all, a neat porch at the entrance ; the house is on the bench and the stables and corrals are in the valley. This man is well-to-do and* has a larger number of cattle than any other Indian here or in the Blood agency. His herd numbers two hundred and sixty-one head. At Bull Plume's camp, where we had a few hundred cattle corralled, there are two frame houses, both 30 x! 18, and six log houses, good corrals and horse-stables, and compartments for calves ; but the larger cattle are not stabled, although at the homesteads there are stacks of hay provided, so that cattle do not suifer during a stoi-m or when they cannot find feed on the prairie. There is capital shelter along the river banks, where willow bluffs and cotton-wood are thick. The following also have new frame houses : Little Plume, Little Moustache, Run- ning Eagle, Wolf Child, Wolf Robe, Strikes-with-a-Gun, and others whose houses I did not see. At nearly all the above places I noticed patches of potatoes looking well, and there is ho reason why all should not have them and plenty of them, as there is always a market for them in Macleod, and it would give the women something to do, hoeing and weeding them. These Indians are well-off and have improved in their mode of living since I first visited them in 1886 ; it was only a reserve at that time and was worked in connection with the Blood agency, a farmer only in charge, and the buildings consisted! of one little shack, a warehouse and a stable. The men are neatly and well dressed ; the women are more backward in this respect and appear to be careless in their personal appearance and cleanliness. These Indians have added to their equipment during the past two years the following : six mowers, two horse-rakes, nine double wagons, six democrat-wagons and four sets of harness. The bull-stable is at the entrance of a large ravine or coulee, not far from the agency headquarters ; the stable is one hundred feet long and is going to be extended forty or fifty feet farther, slabs being on the ground for the purpose ; there is a hay barn/ 30 x GO feet and twelve feet high ; a creek runs past the place, so that water is easy, of access at all times. The place is well sheltered and is admirably adapted for wintering the bulls, as they are imder close supervision of the agent and stockman. One of the greatest improvements made is the fencing of the entire reserve, some fifty-two miles in all ; twenty miles, to complete the work, were made this summer ; the fence is a good one, the posts are red fir, eight feet long, two and a half in the ground and five and a half feet above ground, four strings of wire, no top rail ; gates are at convenient points. The cost of this work will be repaid twice over in the saving of cattle, especially unbranded calves, from being lost and stolen, and, if I am not mistaken, the increase in Indian cattle will be greater now than ever before. The round-up of the cattle was sucressfully carried out. The work was done in the same way as at the Blood agency, only we could reach the agency after each day's work, and had only to take a lunch with us. It took us a whole week to complete the work. The cattle were collected at about twelve different points from the lower to the upper end, which is twenty miles. The cattle were in fine condition ; the number of 224 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 calves was not so large as expected, no doubt many perished in the May storm; one man knew of eight in his own bunch, another man knew of six. We branded three hundred and sixty-five as against three hundred and eighty-eight in 1902, and two hundred and sixty-five in 1901. The total number of Indian cattle including calves was one thousand six hundred and twenty-three, and the agency stock eighty-nine, a total of one thousand seven hundred and twelve ; the number of agency horses and mares was twenty, and Indians' private ponies estimated at eight hundred. The num- ber on January 1, 1901, was, Indian cattle nine hundred and sixty-one, agency eighty- nine, a total of one thousand and fiftv head. The bulls are a fair lot and were in good condition. A list of each Indian's holdings was sent to the Commissioner. Some wiseacre will no doubt ask how we avoided counting the same cattle twice over. There are two ways of avoiding this ; one is to put on a hair brand on those checked off ; another is to cut the points of the animals' tails, the hair only, and this is the plan we adopted, and it worked like a charm and was quickly done. I must give credit to stockman Clarke for his able management of the round-up, and for the care and troubl0 he took in having everything in order. He was early and late at his post, and was ably assisted by the Indian cowboys, ten in number; but Mr. Clarke was the moving spirit, and had the head to guide the operations, and I con- sider him a valuable member of the staff. There is a saw-mill about sixteen miles from the agency headquarters up in the foot-hills, on a timber limit set apart for the Indians. The mill has been in opera- lion for three or four years, and although it has given a great deal of extra work to The agent in its management, it has been a boon to the agency, and the results in every M'ay are most satisfactory ; it has given the Indians an opportunity of earning con- siderable money, hauling logs and lumber, and working round the mill, and it has given them cheap lumber to build the houses I have mentioned. The Indians placed the amount received from the railway company for right of way through the reserve ($2,139) in the hands of the agent, with the consent of the department, of course. O.he agent had to do all the financing himself at his own personal risk. The results are a net profit on July 31, 1903, of $2,336.37, all accounts paid, and deducting the amount invested by the Indians. A separate set of books is kept for the mill trans- actions, and the whole business is conducted in a proper manner, and every detail :s attended to by the agent himself. Besides the benefit to the Indians in building £rood houses, they are enabled to make many repairs, put up partitions in the old lu/uses, also flooring, make tables, beds, new. doors for houses and stables. The whole business reflects credit on the management of Mr. Wilson. The office work is well done by Mr. Race, who is a capable clerk. I checked all the books from January, 1901, to July 31, 1903, agency and saw-mill, and found them generally con-ect. The cash-book was carefully examined and receipts were on file fV r all payments. Each Indian has an account, and Avhen money is received, it is placed to his credit, and when he is paid, he is charged with it and a receipt taken. All these ji ."counts were carefully examined and found correct. I was much pleased with my inspection of this agency, which is being conducted with much ability and success .by Mr. Wilson. I returned to Calgary on August 26 and left for Morley on the 28th to settle a financial matter at the McDougall Orphanage, and returned to Calgary the same evening. I have, &c., ALEX. McGIBBON, Inspector of Indian Agencies. QU'APPELLE IKSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 225 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Northwest Territories, Qu'Apelle Inspectorate, Fort Qu'Appelle, September 8, 1903 The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sill, — I have the honour to present my first annual report upon Indian affairs in this inspectorate during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903, beginning from my trans- fer to this inspectorate. This inspectorate includes six agencies, namely, Assiniboine, Moose Mountain, Crooked Lake, File Hills, Touchwood Hills and Pelly ; all situated in the district of Assiniboia, Northwest Territories. ASSINIBOINE AGENCY. This agency was inspected on March 6, and the following days : Thos. W. Aspdin, agent; W. S. Grant, interpreter and teamster; Eahsicham, labourer. Reserve. — There is but one reserve in this agency, comprising a block of land on ranges 11 and 12, townships 15 and 16 ; it extends eight miles by nine ; abou,t six miles directly south pf the village of Sintaluta on the Canadian Pacific railway, and is well adapted for agriculture and stock-raising. Timber, although fairly culled over, is in sufficient quantity yet for fuel and building purposes. Population. — The population upon this reserve is supposed to be two hundred and ten souls, but the number paid according to the pay-list of 1902 was one hundred and fifty-nine, consisting of forty-one men, sixty-one women, thirty boys and twenty-seven girls ; the above number are permanently resident on the reserve. Resources and Occupations — There are twenty-three heads of families engaged in farming, and nineteen of them in cattle-raising also ; the remainder have but small gardens planted with potatoes and other small roots. This reserve being surrounded by an old farming settlement, a great number of this band during the summer season can always obtain work, and prefer this mode of life to farming for themselves. In the- winter they make a good sum from the sale of dry wood. Crops. — The crop put in in this agency was three hundred acres of wheat, thirty- five of oats, and twenty-seven of roots ; although unfavourable weather prevailed dur- ing harvesting, the results were most favourable. Haying was also interfered with on account of excessive rains, the sloughs being full of water ; however, eft'orts' were put forth to secure hay at other points, so as to. have feed for winter. Above two hundred and twenty-five acres of new land were broken by those en- gaged in husbandry ; of that quantity one hundred and ten acres were broken by four young married Indians who have commenced a colony of their own in the southern part of the reserve. Cattle. — This band has a herd of cattle which are well taken care of and were look- ing well at the time they were counted frx)m stable to stable. I found the stables neat and clean. On account of the wet season last year, these Indians were unable to procure the necessary quantity of hay, but nevertheless they have managed to secure enough feed to enable their cattle to pull through the winter. Buildings. — Each house and stable on the reserve was visited, and with one or nvo exceptions all were found comfortable, more so than I expected after the Indian houses on my last inspectorate. Three new houses are in course of erection, as well as three stables 27—1—15 226 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Automony has a fine log house in good condition, the same being furnished with bedstead, cook and box stoves, as well as tables, chairs, &c, ; the whole is kept neat end clean. He has a good well and takes care of eleven head of cattle. Adam has a log house, 18 x 20 feet, shanty roof, and good floor. The house was clean and furnished with bedstead, stoves, chairs, &c. He has a good stable, cleanly kept, and has a well ; and looks after fourteen head of cattle. Chief Carry the Kettle has a commodious log house, 28 x 20, shingle-roofed, the wall neatly mudded and whitewashed inside and out, ceiled with matched lumber, and having good floors. The house is well lighted, clean and tidy. He has bedstead, cooking-stove, chairs, and other furniture ; keeps his table clean and attends to twelve head of cattle. Rattle Snake, son of the above, occupied the next house. He has a cooking stove, bedsteads, table, chairs, cupboards, crockery; and the house is neatly kept. Geejus has also a double house, similarly furnished. Has a good stable and takes' care of twenty head of cattle belonging to himself and a relative. Daniel Kennedy has a log house, 24 x 18 feet, one story and a-half high, shingle roofed, two rooms on first floor and two bed-rooms upstairs. The house is well mud- ded and whitewashed outside and papered inside. He has a cooking and two box stoves; table, bureaus, cupboards, chairs, sewing-machine and complete furnishings iu the two bed-rooms. The house was particularly clean and tidy. His stables are large and in good repair. In my opinion this is the best house on the reserve ; both husband and wife are ex-pupils of the Ou'Appelle industrial school, and are ambitious and progressive, and have this season sixty acres of land under crop. These Indians are a contented lot, well clothed on the whole, and, with only a few exceptions, make no appeals for assistance. Out of the proceeds of the sale of their crops they have purchased several imple- ments, lumber, furniture and stoves, to the amount of $1,488, so their progress is noticeable. Temperance and Morality. — No complaints were made as to the morality or temperate habits of the Indians of this agency. Health and Sanitation. — All the Indians visited were in fairly good health, grippe was the only serious illness ; it prevailed during part of the winter, but those afflicted nearly all recovered. The majority of the houses are whitewashed inside and out. Ventilation, although attended to, is defective, in the majority of houses, owing to the construction of the roofs. The water, obtained from wells, is of excellent quality. The number of births since last inspection was seven, and the number of deaths was seven also, mostly adults, consumption and old age being the cause. Education. — There is no school in operation in this agency, but twenty-four boys and girls attend the Qu'Appelle and Regina industrial schools. Religion. — The Presbyterians have a resident missionary, and a missionary from Qu'Appelle visits the Roman Catholics occasionally. During my inspection I had the opportunity of witnessing the attendance at both churches, which was commendable. Agency Buildings. — The agency buildings are in fairly good condition, all the outbuildings being whitewashed and everything is kept in excellent order. A new storehouse, 30 x 20 feet, on a stone foundation, has been completed, to replace the old one torn down. The work is excellently done under the supervision of Daniel Kennedy, by the Indians of the band in a workmanlike manner. The books and other papers in connection with the office were checked, inventory and stores compared, and every thing found satisfactory. I had great pleasure in commending the good work done by Mr. Aspdin, and the attention paid by him to the welfare of the Indians under his charge. QV'APPELLE INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 227 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 MOOSE MOUNT AII^ AGENCY. I commenced my inspection here on March 21, and subsequent days. Eeserve. — This reserve is situated in the southeast part of Moose mountain, about nine miles north of the town of Carlyle ; it comprises thirty thousand two hundred and eighty-eight acres. A large portion of the reserve is covered with good-sized poplar, with hay meadows and lakes; some of the latter contain fish, such as pike, pickerel and mullet. The southeastern part is fairly level and afEords a sufficient quantity of good arable land for farming. Population. — The number of Indians belonging to this reserve since the removal thereto of Pheasant Eump band, No. 68, and Striped Blanket band. No. 69, is one hundred and ninety-nine; and the number paid at the last payment was one hundred and seventy-eight. Resources and Occupations. — There are nineteen families engaged in farming, and thirty in cattle-raising ; the remainder, eighteen families, have gardens planted with potatoes and other roots ; and trap, fish and work for white settlers for a living. Cattle. — All the cattle inspected, numbering three hundred and thirty-two head, were in good condition and are well cared for in commodious and fairly clean stables. The wet season last year made it difficult for the Indians to secure enough hay for their stock ; but with the help of straw they came through the winter satisfactorily. Crops. — There were one hundred and thirty-nine acres under crop last year, and ninety-three acres of new land broken up ; forty-four acres were broken by young men who are now making their first attempt at fanning. General Health. — At the time of my inspection the Indians were in good health and had been so up to the middle of the winter ; but grippe affected them for several weeks and resulted in one death. The majority of the dwelling-houses are whitewashed inside and out. A kiln of lime was burnt at the agency last summer for general use and a fair quantity was used as whitewash by the Indians. The lakes on the reserve are used for watering stock ; the Indians themselves depend mostly on rain-water. Vital Statistics. — The number of births since last inspection was twelve, and there were ten deaths. Of these there was only one male adult, aged seventy-four, and one female adult, aged eighteen ; all the rest were children under eight years of age. Buildings. — There are forty-eight dwelling-houses on this reserve and a house-to- house visit was made to forty-two of them. The remainder were closed owing to the absence of their occupants. All the houses are built of logs and with the exception of five, that have shingled roofs, have pole and sod roofs. Eleven buildings have open fireplaces ; the others use stove-pipes through the roofs. The following Indians among the whole are noticeable instances of advancement : Standing Whiteman, Eckeantanga, David McArthur, Good Boy, Sharhaakshid, Eed Star, Eoy Egg, Fred. Waywinechappo, John Kakakeway and Emile, his soil, and Shewack. The men have good substantial buildings, kept clean and tidy, with a certain amount of household furniture. All of these have several head of cattle to attend to. Temperance and Morality. — There has been no case of intemperance reported in this agency, nor any case of immorality. Religion. — There is a resident Presbyterian missionary, Mr. F. T. Dodds, on the reserve, and services are fairly well attended every Sunday. The general conduct is favourably referred to and their progress towards improvement is satisfactory. Education. — A day school has been in operation on this reserve since October 28 last, with a fair attendance. Agency Buildings. — These are in good repair, all outbuildings are whitewashed inside and out, and roofs painted, the whole presenting a neat appearance. The books in connection with the agency work were audited, the inventory taken, everything was found correct. Mr. William Murison is in charge of this agency, and James Jack, a general help. Mr. Murison, who has only taken full charge of this 27—1—154 228 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIES i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904- agency for the past year, has proved himself very competent for the position and has fully justified the confidence placed in him by the department. PELLY AGENCY. This agency was inspected on March 31, and subsequent days. The agency is made up of Cote's band, No. 64, the Key's band, No. 65, and Kis- ickonse's band. No. 66. cote's band. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the east side of the Assiniboine river close to the Duck mountains, having an area of thirty-six thousapd one hundred and sixty acres. Most of the land is rolling; poplar groves, and numerous small hay swamps abound. A good supply of hay can be procured in good seasons. The most attractive feature of this reserve is its adaptabilitj' for farming and stock-raising. Tribe. — Most of the Indians are Saulteaux. Population. — The number of Indians belonging to this band according to the last pay-list was two hundred and fifty-three. Resources and Occupations. — There are twenty families engaged in farming and cattle-raising, and twenty-nine in stock-raising. Only a few of the latter have small gardens planted with potatoes and other roots. The remainder trap and hunt for a living. Cattle. — All the cattle inspected on this reserve, numbering three hundred and fifty-three head, the property of forty-eight members of said band, were in fairly good condition and had been well cared for, there being more fodder than required. The stables are fairly good. Crops. — The acreage under crop was estimated at one hundred and sixty-nine acreS;, and produced a decided increase over past years. Buildings. — There are thirty-two log shanties on this reserve, and most of them were visited, besides the teepees in which many Indians were living at the time of F.y inspection. 0 Four buildings are shingled; the rest have thatcbed or sod-roofs. Most have open fireplaces, besides stove-pipe holes through the roof. The following are the most pjogressive Indians : Joseph Cote, McKay Sanguish, Thomas Sanguish, Jack Eriday, .Bald Head, Charles Caldwell, J. B. Cote, P. Cadotte, and J. Severight, their houses l-eing comfortable and tidy and nicely furnished. Health and Sanitation.- — My house-to-house visit afforded me a good opportunity to inspect personally the health of these Indians. On the whole this is good, though there are several cases of chronic scrofula. Some of the dwellings were not too clean, •ind in many instances whitewashing is disregarded. Attention was called to this lack of sanitary precaution. THE key's band. Reserve. — This reserve is on the Assiniboine river, sixteen miles from the agency L'liildings, and has an area of twentj^-four thousand three hundred and twenty acres. It is generally thickly wooded with poplar and scrub ; with groves of spruce and tnmarack. The soil is chiefly of a sandy loam and the stretches of prairie in the vicinity of the river are of a fair quality and fit for mixed farming on a small scale. There are numerous small hay swamps at the northern end. Tribe. — These Indians are Swampy Crees. QTJ'APPELLE INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 229 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Population. — The number of Indians belonging tb this band accoixling to the last treaty payments was seventy-four. Kesources and Occupations. — The majority of this band make their living by hunt- ing and freighting; only a few follow husbandry or cattle-raising for a living. Cattle. — All the stock inspected, numbering one hundred and twenty-one head, the propertj' of seventeen individuals, were found in fairly good condition ; an abund- ance of haj' was left over. Part of this band had been transferi-ed to the Lake Mani- toba inspectorate and took ninety-four head of cattle with them. Crops. — There were about sixty acres of land under crop, which is a slight in- crease over last year. Buildings. — Ther« are twelve houses and five shanties on this reserve ; and a house-to-house visit was made of them all (as well as to any Indians living in their teepees). All these buildings are of logs. The m.ajority have open fireplaces. The homes of the following are remarkable for their comfort and neatness : Thomas Brass, William Brass and George Brass, sr. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians have enjoyed good health. Two cases of scarlet fever developed in the family of Rev. O. Owens, resident missionary on the reserve, and ended fatally, but none of the Indians contracted the disease. Outside of the large percentage of chronic cases of scrofula amongst this band they were free from any epidemic. * The majoritj' of the houses were very clean and I observed that this band is the most advanced in this agency in correct ideas of sanitation. KISICKONSE BAND. Reserve. — This reserve joins Cote's, on the east side of the Assiuiboine river, and lies between the said river and Lake la Course, in the immediate vicinity of Fort Pelly. Its area is eighteen thousand three hundred and four acres. The northern and eastern parts are covered with poplar ; on the southern portion extensive brule occurs, over- grown with young poplar, willow and scrub, interspersed with patches of prairie. The surface of the country is slightly undulating and slopes gradually to the river. There are several small creeks which flow into Lake la Course. The soil is generally a rich black loam ; along the river front it is light and sandy. There is a good deal of meadow-land that could be utilized for hay purposes by a little draining, and made to produce large quantities of hay. Tribe. — The Indians forming this band are Saulteaux. Population. — The population is one hundred and forty-six souls, according to the last treaty payment. Resources and Occupations.^ — -There were only nine families engaged in agriculture last year. They had seventy-eight acres under grain crop ; this year the same people have only eighty-three acres under croo and sown with oats only, which is a very small increase in acreage. Twenty-five families have cattle of their own, and most have gardens planted with potatoes and other roots. Hunting is also an important item in their means of livelihood. Cattle. — The herd of cattle, numbering one hundred and eighty-four head, had evidentlj' been well cared for, and there was a good surplus of hay on hand. Several head of grown-up cattle, among the stock of the Kitchemoneas family, were affected with anthrax. These w?re condemned and destroyed, together with the stable. The other cattle were free from any contagious disease. Buildings. — There are fourteen log houses and ten shanties on this reserve. They are fairly well built, some are partitioned off into rooms ; and some will compare fav- ourably with the log houses of white settlers. One, occupied by Kitchemoneas, and recently built, is a particularly fine house. 230 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 The houses of the following Indians were the best kept and furnished : Straight- nose, Andrew-Quewezance, Widow Comtois, Quewezance and Keeshene and South Wind. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been satisfactory, no epidemic oc- curred. There are the usual chronic cases of scrofula. The majority of these Indians go into teepees in the spring, and move from place to place during the summer, so that the danger of contagion of any kind is minimized. The several creeks running through this reserve afford a fair supply of good water for their own use. Temperance and Morality. — Among the members of the Cote band there have been several cases of intemperance ; in fact a large part of their earnings is spent on intoxicants. Among the Key's band there are a few addicted to liquor, and the same remark applies to the Kisickonse band. As regards morality, these bands are more law-abiding in their habits. Religion and Education. — There is an Anglican church, with resident missionary on Key's reserve ; a Roman Catholic church and resident missionary on Kisickonse reserve, and a Presbyterian church on Cote's reserve, which is attended to by the missionary from Crowstand boarding school. There is a day school in operation on Key's reserve, with a poor attendance, and a boarding school at Crowstand, well at- tended. The school at Kisickonse reserve has been closed for lack of attendance. The Roman Catholic Church has nearly completed a new building for a boarding school near this reserve. i\gency. — After auditing the various books and taking inventories of all property in store and in use, I transferred the agency from Mr. R. S. McKenzie to Mr. H. A. Carruihers on May 31, Mr. McKenzie leaving to take charge of Rat Portage agency. The agency offices and farm buildings are in fairly good repair, a new log stable for hci'ses has been completed ; the premises are neatly fenced and I have no doubt that under the new management and with the advent of the railroad, progress and improvement will take place. Mr. Fischer, the clerk, keeps his books in a first-class manner. CROOKED LAKE AGENCY. I cojnmenced my inspection here on April 14, but was called to Pelly agency to inspect and transfer it from Mr. McKenzie to Mr. Carruthers ; after doing which I resume my inspection of this agency. Magnus Begg, agent; J. W. Jowett, clerk and storekeeper ; R. H. Cameron, teamster and interpreter ; Jamos Sutherland, engineer, blacksmith and miller; P. Hourie, farmer, reserve 74; J. Pollock, farmer, reserves 71 and 72; the agent attends to 73 himself. The agency is made up of the followins: bands: Ochapowace, Kakewistahaw, Cowessess, Sakimay and Shesheep. OCHAPOWACE BAND, KG. 71. Reserve. — This reserve is on the eastern side of the agency and lies northwest of Whitewood, running a short distance from the line of railway to the Qu'Appelle valley, having an area of fifty-two thousand eight hundred and sixty-four acres. The southern portion of the reserve is an undulating prairie with numerous ponds, hay swamps, small bluffs of poplar and clumps of willows. The northern part slopes gently towards the Qu'Appelle river and is thickly wooded with white and black poplar along the valley and ravines of the Qu'Appelle. On the eastern boundary the land is much broken by immense ravines, which extend b;.ck from the river and are heavily wooded with poplar, willow, some oak, birch, ash, and maple. On the northern part the soil is gravelly with boulders. On the southern part the soil is a productive loam with clay subsoil, though there are some light streaks. QV'APPELLE INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 231 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Tribe. — These Indians are Crees. Population. — The number belonging to this band according to last treaty pay- I'lents is one hundred and eleven. Resources and Occupations. — Farming on this reserve is not so advanced as on the other reserves of this agency, although those farming are well paid for their labour. Large quantities of hay are made every season, for which there is a good market at Whitewood. These Indians roam about a great deal picking senega-root and berries, and selling dry wood and hay. The reserve is best adapted for stock-raising, and they should be induced to de- vote more of their time to that industry. Cattle. — All the cattle inspected were in fine condition and of good quality. Crops. — The prospect of a good yield this yaar is very promising. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of these Indians has been satisfac- tory, though there is the usual percentage of cases of consumption, and scrofula. As most of the Indians were away from home digging senega-root, but few houses could be inspected. The surroundings were clean. The Indians all live in teepees in summer and only occupy their houses during the winter. The reserve is well supplied with palatable water obtained from numerous springs and ponds. Buildings. — There are twenty-seven log buildings ^n this reserve, most of which i.re very old and not too comfortable ; only two have shingled roofs, a few have open fireplaces. Jacob Bear, Casokoowinan and Pierre Belanger have the best houses, neatly kept and furnished. Pierre Belange- has good outbuildings and keeps his machinery and implements under cover. KAKEWISTAHAW'S BAND, NO. 72. Reserve. — This reserve is situated north of Broadview, between the Canadian Pacific railway and the Qu'Appelle river, and joins that of Ochapowace on the west side. A small fishing reserve, No. 72 A, has been set aside for this band at the east- ern end of Crooked lake. The combined reserves contain an area of forty-six thousand eight hundred and sixteen acres. The land is undulating prairie of an excellent quality, interspersed v.ith numerous ponds and hay swamps, with a few scattered bluffs of poplar. Along ihe valley of the Qu'Appelle river there are excellent hay meadows and stretches of farming land of superior quality. Tribe.- — The Indians of this band are Crees. Population. — The number of Indians belonging to this reserve, according to last treaty payments, was one hundred and nine. Resources and Occupations. — There are ten families engaged in fanning and c^^ttle-raising, and four raising stock only ; with small gardens for potatoes and roots. The remainder obtain their living by hunting, fishing, digging senega-root and working for white settlers. Cattle. — All their cattle were in fine condition and of a good grade, but they do not seem to increase as they should do ; too many have been disposed of for beef or otherwise. The majority of their stables are poor, and these Indians do not take the care they should of the cattle (which are all under government control) during the winter ; frequently disposing of the hay. Crops. — The area of land under crop this year is one hundred and fifty-five and a-half acres, being an increase of thirty-one acres over last year. The prospect for the future of these Indians, if handled properly, is good ; they intend increasing the area under cultivation. 232 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians is satisfactory. There are some consumptives and scrofuloiis cases amongst them, but there has been no epi- demic. Their houses and surroundings were clean and tidy. The Qu'Appelle river afiords a good supply of water for those living along the valley; and good well-water is obtained on the hill. Buildings. — There are thirty-two log dwelling-houses on this reserve, mostly old and out of repair. The roofs are of sod and poles, except three, which have shingled or thatched roofs. I was unable to inspect the interior of many houses, as the Indians were away digging senega-root. Of the houses I entered, the following were the most comfortably built and furnished: Alex. Kakakarwisis's and Mesakamaypenace's. They have also the best stables. COWESSESS BAND, NO. 73. Reserve. — This reserve is situated between the line of the Canadian Pacific rail- way to the south and the Qu'Appelle valley on the north, and is west of Kakewista- haw's reserve. Its area is forty-nine thousand nine hundred and twenty acres. Weed creek runs through this reserve and empties into the Qu'Appelle river, flowing through a broad, deep, and densely wooded ravine. The soil on the hill is of good quality and adapted for growing grain ; but much of the reserve is low and swampy. Tribe. — Most of the members of this band are half-breeds ; the remainder are Saulteaux and Cree, Population.— The number of Indians belonging to this reserve according to the last pay-sheets, was one hundred and sixty-seven. Resources and Occupations. — There are twenty-seven families engaged in farm- ing on this reserve ; the remainder earn their living by hunting, working for white people and digging senega-root. ' Their income is principally derived from the sale of cattle and the produce of their farms. The members of this band being mostly half-breeds, the farming oper- ations are better done than is usual on Indian reserves. They have good heavy horses, and well trained oxen, and are fairly well equipped with machinery. Cattle. — Their stock is of a very high grade, excellently kept ; there was a large surplus of good hay on hand at the end of the winter. Crops. — The area of cultivated land last year was four hundred and fifteen acres. This has increased to four hundred and ninety-four acres this year. Health and Sanitation. — My house-to-house visit afforded me a good opportunity to judge of the health of this band ; which on the whole was good, consumption and scrofula claiming a few victims. Small-pox made its appearance last winter, but was fortunately confined to one case, a woman, who died. There were several cases of chicken-pox, but by the enforcement of a stringent quarantine, these diseases were stamped out. A good supply of drugs and medicines is always available on this reserve for those in need, and I am informed that the medical officer in charge is very atten- tive to any serious cases that come under his treatment. The surroundings of their houses are kept clean. This is the more commendable, as the majority of them occupy their houses the whole year. The Qu'Appelle river and Weed creek run through this rr^serve, and^with several wells and lakelets, afford an abundant water-supply. Buildings. — There are twenty-four log dwellings, and I visited most of them, as well a? several teepees. Five house? bave sbincled roofs, the rest have thatch or sod roofs. Very few have open fireplaces. The following are the most progressive : Zach- arie Le Rat, Widow Le Rat, Joseph Le Rat, Ambrose Delorme, William Assaigan, sr., William Assaigan, jr., Widow Esquipuanane. Edward Pelletier, Alexander Gaddes, Batiste Henri, J. B. Sparvier, Wapimoose and T^apapinace ; their dwellings being clean, comfortable and well furnished. QU'APPELLE INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 233 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 sakimay's band, no. 74. Reserves. — This band has been allotted the following reserves : No. Y3 A, 74 and 74 A. jSTo. 73 A is situated about forty miles north of the agency headquarters, and is known as Leach Lake reserve, and its area is six thousand nine hundred and seventy- six acres, comprising hay, swamps, bluffs and lakes, and is valuable to the band, as a hay crop can be relied upon every season. jSTo. 74 is situated on the west side of the north half of Cowessess reserve, being bounded on the south by that reserve and on the north by Crooked lake and the Qu'Ap- pelle valley. No. 74 A is on the north side of the lake and river. The combined area of these reserves is twenty-five thousand two hundred and eight acres. A great part of this is undulating: nrairie with willow and poplar scrub. In the northern part there are deep ravines heavily wooded. About one half of the land is good loam ; the rest is gravelly with some magnificent hay-lands at the west end of Crooked lake. Tribe. — These Indians are mostly Saulteaux, though there are a few Crees. Population. — Acording to last year's pay-list the population was one hundred and seventy-six souls. Resources and Occupations. — There are apparently three factions who occupy this reserve in common, being followers of Yellow Calf, Acoose and Shesheep. The two former occupy the southern portion of the reserve and follow farming and stock-rais- ing. The latter and his party, who occupy the northern part of the reserve, depend on selling hay and dry wood for a living, and, with the exception of three or four families who have recently started farming on a small scale, they cannot be induced to till the soil. Cattle. — All the cattle on this reserve, numbering one hundred and forty-one head, divided among twenty- two owners, were in good condition and had mostly been well cared for during the winter. Those that had been neglected belonged to She- sheep's band. The corral, half a mile long by a quarter of a mile wide, fenced with barb-wire, near the house of Yellow Calf and having good shelter and plenty of water, is used for winter quarters for the cattle of his followers. Acoose has a simi- lar corral, but rather larger, near his house, where his followers winter their cattle. Shesheep's followers have not provided a corral for their cattle and do not properly attend to them during the winter. Crops. — There are sixteen families engaged in agriculture, and as far as I could count, there are about thirty-six families who have made no effort in this direction. The non-progressives are principally amongst the followers of Shesheep. The total amount under crop this year is two hundred and forty-five acres, being thirty-five acres more than last year. Health. — The health of the Indians of this band has been as usual ; there is more scrofula and consumption amongst them than amongst the other Indians of this agency; they had chicken-pox and measles last winter. The houses, excepting one or two, were fairly clean. Thej^ are not equipped during the summer season, the Indians moving into teepees. Buildings. — There are thirty-two log dwelling-houses on this reserve. I visited most of them. Only two have shingled roofs ; the rest are roofed with poles and sod. Most of them have open fireplaces, but in those recently built stove-pipes are used. The following- appear to be making the most improvement : Kanawaysequab, Young Saulteaux, Herman Nowekesewap, Yellow Calf, Intecunnepetung and Acoose. Their houses are fairly clean and comfortable, with some funiiture. Acoose is the most progressive, being helped by his son, a graduate of Qu'Appelle school. Religion. — The great majority of the Indians in bands 72, 73 and 74 are pagans, with a few Roman Catholics and Presbyterians. In band 73 the majority are Roman Catholics, with a quota of Presbyterians and pagans. There are Roman Catholic and 234 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Presbyterian churches on reserve 73 ; attended by their respective followers each Sunday. Education. — There are two boarding schools in operation ; one Roman Catholic and the other Presbyterian ; both have a full attendance. In Shesheep's band there are a number of children of school age not attending any school. Temperance and Morality. — Some of the younger men of Shesheep's are addicted to liquor, and, being nomadic, it is difficult to stamp out the traffic in intoxicants. As to the other bands, with some individual exceptions, they are fairly temperate, considering the great opportunity afforded them of obtaining liquor by the proximity of the reserves to the small towns on the railway. Only six cases of intemperance were dealt with by the agent during the year. There were a few cases of immorality brought to the notice of the agent. Agency Headquarters. — I audited the several books and accounts, since my pre- decessor's inspection, and found everything correct. The inventories were found ac- curately made up and balanced. The office work is most efficiently and neatly performed by Mr. Jowett, the clerk, who has everything up to date and has his storehouses clean and in good order ; and must share with the agent the credit of a well conducted office. The agency house, office and farm-buildings are in a good state of repair. The premises are neatly fenced. The flour-mill has been entirely rebuilt, and remodelled. The new granary attached to the mill will prove most useful as a storehouse for the Indians' wheat. Agent Begg continues to hold the full confidence and respect of his Indians, and can always be found practically supervising their work. General Remarks. — ^I visited every Indian farm on the four reserves and found them properly fenced either with barb-wire or good rails. The crops have a very promising appearance, and with the exception of one field, all were free from noxious weeds. The men of this agency who farm are mostly half-breeds and as a rule are fairly good workers. The acreage in crop on the different reserves is one thousand and thirty-eight acres of grain, being an increase of two hundred and twenty-one acres over last year. They have also new land broken, some summer-fallow and some fair-sized gardens and potato patches. I have, &c., L. J. ARTHUR LEVEQUE, Inspector of Indian Agencies. Report from Inspector for Treaty No. 8, Ottawa, October 5, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit my annual report for 1903. I left Ottawa on April 16, and reported at the Indian office, Winnipeg, on the 18th ; on the 19th I left for Edmonton, and, after completing arrangements, set out for Athabasca Landing on the 28th and arrived there on May 1. I engaged transport to Lesser Slave lake by Athabasca river. At the end of the lake I had transport to i IXSPECTUll FOR TREATY NO. 8 235 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 meet me with bob-sleighs and pack-horses. I left for the west end of the lake, about 'eighty miles around to the Hudson's Bay fort. Erom there I was accompanied by Dr. West, of the Northwest Mounted Police, and we left the west end of the lake with double teams for Peace Kiver Landing, which took us seven days to reach. Here we met Bredin & Cornwall's transport, which took us to Fort St. John, where we arrived two days before the date appointed for payment of annuity. The Indians at this place are very independent and cannot be persuaded to take treaty. Only a few families joined. The Indians there said they did not want to take treaty, as they had no trouble in making their own living. One very intelligent Indian -told me that when he was old and could not work he would then ask the gov- ernment for assistance, but till then he thought it was wrong for him to take assist- ance when he did not really require it. We left Port St. John on June 6 and proceeded to Dunvegan, where we met the Dunvegan band on the day appointed. The Indians of this place seem healthier than usual, as they have had no hard times and apparently had a very successful year in their hunting and trapping. After paying their annuities, we proceeded to Peace River Landing, where we met a small band. These Indians have made considerable progress in farming. They have a number of acres under cultivation and have built comfortable log houses and also little stables and are beginning to house the few cattle and horses they have, and I have since heard that their crops have been excellent. They seem to be in a fair way to make a good, comfortable living. Prom here we travelled down the river to Vermilion, where there are three bands. Slaves, Crees and Beavers. These Indians are good hunters, and apparently have done very well. They appear to be happy and contented with their lot. There has been no sickness to speak of at this point. We left Vermilion by the steamer belonging to the Roman Catholic mission for the ' Chutes,' and from there went to Little Red river, where we met a small band of Crees on the day appointed. They also had done well hunting and seemed to be pro- gressing. They want to have some garden tools sent in for them, as some of the old men that live around the fort would like to cultivate gardens. We left here for Chipewyan, two hundred and fifty miles to the north, and in a few days arrived at the mouth of the river. It being night and the wind blowing, we were unable to cross the lake until the next day. We were late at that point one day. We paid the annuities of the Chipewyans and Crees. These Indians also had been very successful in their hunts, as they had sold large quantities of furs to the Hud- son's Bay Company and traders. They had no sickness nor epidemics. Fish was very plentiful and they were very prosperous, fur bringing good prices. I visited the Roman Catholic boardinsr school. Vacation-time had just begun, but I believe that they have an attendance of about eighty pupils. Dr. West inspected the sanitary conditions of the school and found them to be very good. From here we crossed the Athabasca lake to Fond du Lac by the mission steamer. The Indians received their annuities. They were very successful in their deer-hunts and fur-trapping. We then returned to Chipewyan and got the Hudson's Bay steamer Grahame to Port Smith, where we arrived on the day appointed. The Indians here were healthy and had had a successful year. We paid the Smith Landing Indians and crossed to Port Smith, a portage of six- teen miles, but arrived there three days late to get the steamer Wripley. We paid the rest of the band at Fort Smith and then proceeded down the Slave river to Resolution, where we arrived two days ahead of time. Here I met three large bands. These Indians were also successful in their hunting, but they were unfortunate enough to have had an epidemic last year after the treaty payments and sixty-six of them died. However, this year they were very healthy. There was no sickness worth mentioning. 236 DEPARTMENT OP INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 We crossed to Hay river, some eighty miles, and met a band of Slaves there. These Indians are very progressive ; they have good log houses and most of them plots of* ground, which they cultivated. The total number of Indians paid by me this year was three thousand three hun- dred and thirty-four, being an increase over the number paid last year. I have, &c., IT. A. CONROY, Inspector, Treaty No. 8. Manitoba and the Northwest Territories, Office of the Indian Commissioner, Winnipeg, Oct. 30, 1903.' The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. SiK, — I have the honour to submit my report upon Indian affairs in Manitoba and the Northwest Territories for the past year. As a whole, the Indians have been sharing in the prosperity of the country. In. 1902, the crops were excellent, grazing good, fishing successful, and hunting remu- nerative. The prices for cattle, fish, fur, and labour were high, so that all who were able and willing to work had no occasion to be, in want. One unfailing sign that the times were better than usual was that no extra supplies were asked for during the financial year. Many of the old plain Indians, however, whose one means of support in their early days was the buffalo chase, have not taken readily to the white man's ways, and are still dependent upon the ration-house. But the young men are more susceptible of improvement, and with the aid of the school, the farm instructor and the stockman, not a few of them are falling into line with the industries of the coun- try. During my visit to the Blood reserve in June last, I attended a round-up of cattle in progress, and was pleased to observe that six of the cowboys were graduates of Dunbow, Calgary, and Elkhorn industrial schools. They were bright, intelligent, active young men, who had become excellent horsemen and ropers. Industries Generally. — The Cree and Sioux Indians of Manitoba and Assiniboia have been the most successful in agriculture. Some of the bands in Duck Lake agency have also done well. This progress is partly owing to favourable conditions of soil and climate ; but also, doubtless, largely to their being more amenable than some other tribes to the example and advice of their agents and instructors. Evidence of this advancement will be found in the details given by inspectors and agents in their re- ports ; but I may give a few examples in corroboration of my view. The Birdtail Sioux, who number only sixty-seven souls, raised last year eight thousand and thirty- nine bushels of wheat and two thousand and thirty-two of oats ; the Oak River Sioux, with a population of two hundred and forty-nine, had thirty-thousand and forty bushels of wheat and five thousand three hundred and forty-eight bushels of oats. The File Hills Crees, two hundred 'and thirty in number, threshed twenty-two thousand three hundred and seventy-four bushels of grain ; and Piapot's band of the same tribe, with a population of one hundred and fifty-one, had six thousand and sixty-six bushels of grain; but the latter were beaten by Pasquah's band of one hundred and thirty-seven Saulteaux, also in the Qu'Appelle agency, who raised eight thousand nine hundred and five bushels of grain. This year, though the acreage sown on most of the reserves was larger than last year, the return will not be so good, owing to cold and wet in REPORT OF THE INDIAN COMMISSIONER 237 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 midsummer and the heavy storm and subsequent frost in September. But the price of wheat is higher, and those Indians who have a surplus to dispose of, though less in quantity and in most cases inferior in quality, will probably realize as much there- from as they obtained from the larger crop last year. The cattle-raising industry is making steady progress amongst the Indians, If in a few cases herds have not increased, the reason has been, where conditions are favourable, that too many have been sold to pay off debts, or killed for food. A greater willingness is being evinced to undertake the responsibility of caring for cattle, and the department has wisely arranged to supply this demand by distributing year after year a greater number of heifers and thoroughbred bulls. To show how rapid, during the last eight years, has been the progress of this industry on some reserves, I may refer to Inspector McGibbon's report to the department last month, in which he states in his remarks on the Blood agency, that, on the occasion of his former visit there in 1895, the number of cattle held by these Indians was seventy-four head, the holders being only four, while at his visit last July, the number of cattle held was three thousand three hundred and eighty-six, after deducting what were killed for beef, deaths, losses, and the num- ber of holders was two hundred and eight. On the Peigan reserve the cattle held by the Indians in 1901 was nine hundred and sixty-one ; in July last it was one thousand six hundred and twenty-three. During the present season, to make the Indians con- cerned more self-reliant, and give them, more cattle to look after and profit by, a change in the system of keeping cattle was made. The bands of the old Muscowpe- tung agency having arrived at the self-sustaining point, it was not necessary to con- tinue keeping a government herd on the reserves to supply beef ; the herd was there- fore disbanded, the steers sold, ^and the cows and heifei^ issued on the loan principle to Indians desirous of increasing their herds, and to others who are commencing to raise stock. At Onion lake the government herd was similarly disposed of, as settlers are now going into that district and the Indians will be in a position to obtain work and assist themselves in other ways, so that the end for which the herd was kept up has been reached. At the time this herd was first formed, there was no settlement within a hundred miles, and no means of procurinsr fresh meat. The policy of improving the Indians' breed of horses, and thus affording them an important means of self-support, is being kept steadily in view. Some ten general- purpose stallions were purchased last spring for several of the principal western re- serves, and these, with the number distributed last year, will materially assist in rais- ing the standard of Indian ponies. From the Blackfoot reserve a number of these native horses are sold every year, the proceeds last year amounting to about $5,000. On some other reserves in treaty 'No. 7, a goodlv number are also sold, but the fact which Inspector McGibbon mentions in his report, that one day while he was at the Stony agency a merchant from Banff bought eight ponies at an average price of $2.5 each and one at $50 for his own use, shows what a handsome return this industry will bring the Indians when their class of horses becomes greatly improved by better breeding. Besides the industries of agriculture and stock-raising, the others mentioned in my report of last year are still in progress in the agencies then referred to. It is pleasing to learn that the Blackfeet earned $4,000 by mining and hauling coal ; that tlie Stonies earned $2,114 by shipping dead wood, sawn in stove-lengths, in car-loads, to Calgary ; and that the Indians of Onion Lake agency cut in the woods and had sawn with their own mill about eighty thousand feet of lumber, which was sold to the Bri- tish colony south of Fort Pitt, at $20 and $18 ner thousand. For these new enter- prises to aid the Indians to deci-^ase their dole from the ration-house, the agents who guided the work de=pTve '^o little credit. Sickness and Mortality. — It must be admitted that several diseases, chiefly con- sumption, of which scofula is one of the main causes, are prevalent among our Indians. There were, however, special visitations last year. At Xorway House there was an 238 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 epidemic of grippe, some say whoopiiig-cougli, and pneumonia. The deaths there in a band of five hundred and forty-nine were thirty-nine, or over seven per cent. There was a similar outbreak at Saddle Lake, where over ten died in April and May. There were a few cases of typhoid at Birtle, measles on the Blackfoot reserve, and an epi- demic of scarlet fever at Montreal Lake. A mild type of small -pox also found its way into several reserves. A strict quarantine was enforced in each case, and the disease spread but little except on the Blackfoot reserve, where it had gained headway before it was discovered, and several deaths resulted, in most instances, however, where there was a complication of other diseases. Small-pox also appeared among the Indians camped near Yorkton and Maple Creek, and on the Blood, Cowessess, Thunderchild, Moosomin, and some of the Carlton agency reserves ; also among the non-treaty Saulteaux at Birch and Turtle lakes north of Battleford. In short the mortality is so great in some of the principal bands, according to the latest returns to hand, that, in spite of the fact that the birth-rate among our Indians is generally greater than that of the average European countries, which is about 3.60 per cent, if it continues, their bands must at no distant day become nearly extinct. For example, in the Fort Frances agency bands, though the birth-rate was 3.20 per cent, the deaths were sixteen more than the births ; in the Qu'Appelle agency, while the birth-rate was 3.40 per cent, the deaths were eight more than the births ; in Carl- ton agency with a birth-rate of 3.40 per cent, there was an excess of fourteen deaths ; in the Pas agency with a birth-rate of 4.30 per cent, the excess of deaths was eight ; in Portage la Prairie agency with a birth-rate of only 2.74 per cent, there was an excess of twenty-three deaths ; in the Peigan agency with a birth-rate of 4.75 per cent, there was an excess of thirteen deaths ; with the Bloods the birth-rate was 3.60 per cent, and the excess of deaths fifty-five; with the Blackfeet the birth-rate was 3.80 per cent, and the excess of deaths sixty-six. This showing proves that in these bands last year the mortality was considerably in excess of 2.60 per cent, the average death- rate in civilized countries. Their case is not easily accounted for, as they are better clad and housed than formerly, good doctors are in attendance, and sanitary precau- tions are being increased. It is pleasing to note, however, that the following bands have gained in births over death^s, namely, Clandeboye, thirty-three ; Berens River, thirteen ; Touchwood, eleven ; Onion Lake, fifteen ; Saddle Lake, six ; Ilobbema, twenty-seven ; Stony, eight ; Edmonton, twenty-six ; Manitowapah, ten ; while Rat Portage, Birtle, Assiniboine, Moose Mountain, Pelly, Duck Lake, and Sacree bands have about held their own. But in all these agencies in which there is an increase, the statistics, if correctly given, indicate a larger birth-rate than is usual in white communities. It is my painful duty to mention the sad disaster on Lake Winnipeg last month by which Rev. J, A. McLachlan, Methodist missionary at Berens River, and an adult Indian and six Indian children lost their lives. They left the above-named place in an open sail-boat for Selkirk on the 11th of the month, and on the following day one of the greatest gales of the season, accompanied by snow, came on, and it is supposed that the boat was overwhelmed by the waves, for the bodies were found near Hnausa south- west of Big River, but the boat was not found. The children were en route to the Brandon industrial school, and in the interest of humanity and to show sympathy with the bereaved relatives who had lost their dear ones after yielding to the request that they should be educated, I ordered the bodies to be placed in caskets and decently in- terred in the burial-place of their fathers. Conduct. — Crime, if wife-desertion and virtual bigamy is excepted, may be said to be rare among our Indians. A young Blackfoot, however, was convicted of assault upon a white girl, and sent to the penitentiary last October for two years, but on ac- coxint of ill health was released about six weeks ago. A Blood was convicted at Mac- leod for horse-stealing, and one or two other trials for offences against the criminal code also came off there. REPORT OF THE INDIAN COMMISSIONER 239 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 On most of the reserves the morals of the Indians are improving, but some of the women camp around towns for illicit purposes. This evil and intemperance are the two principal vices of the wards of the government. Drinking intoxicants, indeed, is on the increase among bands near towns and villages. The Mounted Police and our agents are zealous in prosecuting those who sell or give them the liquor, but every device is resorted to in order to escape conviction. Bartenders often declare that they do not know they are selling to Indians, and magistrates in some cases hesitate to con- vict, if led to believe that the offence is committed in ignorance. If ignorance is to be a valid plea in regard to selling intoxicants to Indians, then we may almost as well cease prosecuting rum-sellers for this offence. Education. — Very little needs to be added to the general remarks contained in my last report, 1902, on this subject. The work is carried on upon the same lines, but I think in a still more methodical manner and with more earnest co-operation on the part of the principals in charge. It is likely that in the first years little discrimination was exercised in the selec- tion of boarders, something not to be wondered at, considering that only few of those concerned had any experience to speak of in this matter. The main object was to gather all the pupils that could be had, whether healthy or not, or likely to become self-supporting. For this reason a very large number have died without the bands having received the least advantage from their stay at school. Others were taken in when too old and had to be turned out unable to compete with white people, or even such of their own race as had the advantage of a better training. These naturally fell back on old methods and with old associates. However, there has been a gradual weeding out of the incompetent, a more satis- factory method of selecting recruits, and every year now sees a number of graduates being discharged who are generally a credit to their schools and the government. When we consider also that for the most part the boys and girls of this class intermarry, it will be understood that these having the same aims, with nothing deterrent in their moral atmosphere, are more or less bound to succeed. As said in my last report, we have advanced a point in making the experiment with the File Hills colony. I am glad to say that this has so far not been a disappoint- ment. Other ex-pupil boys have also been started on several reserves, and, besides, there are a number of graduates scattered over the country, some ranching in treaty ^0. 7, others farming along the Saskatchewan ; others acting as teachers. To several who have learned trades in school the department has been good enough to provide sets of tools of various kinds, lumber in certain cases, and various pieces of house furniture, &c., for the girls, all of which have generalh^ been tised to good advantage. In regard to ex-pupils, I may say that with thj immediate supervision of the Indian agents, and the more indirect attention of the principals, which I am glad to say is a point taken up heartily by such of them as are enabled by easy distances to exercise oversight, I do not see why most of the ex-pupils should not do as well as some of the newly-come white people, who have no ready means to make a start. I think on the whole that the staffs of the various institutions are composed of a better class of instructors, who not only in ordinary education, but also in manual crafts, have been able to raise the standard of training in all departments. However, I have to a great extent discouraged entering into such arts as printing, fancy car- pentering and blacksmithing, and even leather work, except such as may be useful in connection with farm work. In the same manner the girls are taught the more practical forms of housewifery, so that they may become useful helpmates as farmers' wives. Indeed, agriculture and stock-raising will be the most likely pursuits of our future ex-pupils. Work in towns can only be selected by a few who may develop special adaptability for city life. I would also draw attention to the improved general health in the schools. Fewer deaths have occurred during the last fiscal year, in proportion to the total attendance. 240 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 than formerly. The utmost care is taken to exclude unhealthy children from the schools. Day Schools. — In this respect there is no appreciable difference between this and last year. A few have been closed, others have either been opened or re-opened. Those closed were palpably failures. The new ones offer certain chances of success. How- ever, although I think none of those at present in operation should be closed, I am keeping them in close watch and will urge our agents and teachers to improve the attendance. I may say that, it being impossible to establish boarding schools on all the re- serves, day schools, which meet the intentions of the treaties, should be kept open as far as possible. The attendance in such of these schools as are situated in North- western Ontario is not satisfactory. In Manitoba, Assiniboia and Saskatchewan it is much better, whilst in Alberta it is also bad. The reason is the nomadic life of the Indians which prevails in the extreme parts of the west and north, and in the lake regions. Boarding Schools. — The quality of the work at the boarding schools is greatly improving ; and also as shown in the following schedule, in most cases the schools are keeping up to the provision made. Nothing much has been done in regard to the buildings, except in improving the water-supply at some places, providing more satisfactory apparatus in case of fire and other minor necessities. Except at tlie Birtle school, where a rather serious fire occurred, nothing of importance is to be recorded in this direction. Eour new boarding schools have been established — two under the auspices of the Church of England, and two under those of the Roman Catholic Church, all in the district of Athabasca; the four new institutions to accommodate about eighty more pupils. 1 am pleased to note that one of the developing features of the boarding schools is that of increasing the amount of outside work. I may say that proper attention to this side of the work would soon place thd boarding schools 'almost on a level with the industrial schools, at least so far as practical outdoor training is considered. Industrial Schools. — It will be seen by the following statement that, if the at- tendance at boarding schools has been increasing, on the other hand we have been losing ground in this respect in most of the industrial schools ; a few of them have shown a small increase. I'he main reason for the decrease is that whilst the Indians sympathize to some extent with the boarding schools, which are, with the exception of four, situated right on the reserves, they more and more object to the industrial schools, which are at considerable distances and prevent the parents from visiting their children or vice versa. The policy of transferring older pupils f rqm boarding schools to industrial schools does not work satisfactorily. There are about twenty of the boarding schools prac- tically conducted by women ; these ladies feel more or less constrained to discharge boy pupils at the age of from twelve to sixteen, feeling that at that age they to some extent lose control over them. One would think that the policy of transfers ought then to apply without difficulty, but notwithstanding that I have strongly urged such transfers, the parents object to their children being removed to a distance. i REPORT OF THE INDIAN COMMISSIONER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Attendance at Boarding Schools. 241 Norway House, (Meth.) Pine Creek, (R.C.) Rat Portage (R.C.) Cecilia Jeffrey, Shoal Lake, (Presb. Crowstand, (Presb ) Birtle, (Presb.) Round Lake, (Presb.) Cowessess, (R.C.) File Hills, (Presb.) Gordon, (C.E.) Muscowequan, (R.C.) Duck Lake. (R.C.) Emmanuel College, (C.E.) Isle a la Crosse, (R.C.) Thunderchild, (R.C.) Onion Lake (R.C.) (C.E.) Blue Quill's, (R.C.) St. Albert, (R.C.) Ermineskin, (R.C.) McDougall Orphanage, (Meth.). Sarcee, (C.E.) Old Sun's and White Eagle, (C.E.). Crowfoot, (R.C.) Blood, (C.E.) .. (R.C.) Peigan, (C.E.) " (R.C) Lesser Slave Lake, (C.E.) (R-C.) Smoky River, (R.C.) Fort Chipewyan, R.C.) Portage la Prairie, (Presb. ) Wabiscow, (R.C.) (C.E.) Hay River, (C.E.) Ft. Vermilion Proviueu For. 1901-1902. 1902-1903 50 55 30 40 40 40 35 15 35 35 100 52 12 15 50 10 45 80 50 40 15 45 10 50 25 30 20 15 40 15 40 20 1.160 50 55 30 30 40 40 40 40 15 30 30 100 52 12 15 50 16 45 80 50 40 15 50 25 50 25 30 20 15 40 15 40 20 15 15 20 15 1,270 On Roll. 58 67 30 42 44 31 38 14 30 30 104 53 12 19 52 21 45 bO 50 42 15 42 18 50 20 21 23 15 40 15 30 21 1,184 June 1902. June 1903, 53 59 31 17 42 45 30 40 16 30 30 102 49 12 18 51 23 51 70 50 39 14 42 17 49 28 26 22 33 41 18 35 20 27 15 Xo return. 1,245 Attendance at Industrial Schools. St. Boniface. . . Rupert's Land . Elkhorn Brandon Qu'Appelle. . . . Regina Battleford Red Deer Calgary Dunbow . . . . 27—1—16 Provided for. 1901-1902. 100 120 100 100 225 125 120 80 50 120 1,140 1902 1903. 100 120 100 100 225 125 120 80 50 120 1,140 Ox Roll. June, 1902. 95 121 78 114 233 115 90 65 38 77 1,026 .June, 1903. 75 95 83 103 234 113 83 08 41 82 977 242 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Surrenders. — Last spring Inspector Marlatt secured a surrender of twelve sections of the Roseau River reserve, which, after being surveyed, was sold at auction and realized about $13 per acre. A surrender of about seven thousand eight hundred acres of the Michel reserve in the Edmonton agency was also obtained in July last. The township of the Cumberland reserve at Fort a la Corne surrendered last year was sold by tender, but the returns have not yet reached this office. Transfer of Band. — Peter Ballendine's band at Pelican Narrows was transferred this year from the Carlton to the Pas agency. The reason was that it is more con- venient for the agent of the latter to reach the Narrows to make the annual pay- ments. Changes of Officials. — On account of the death of Inspector McColl, Mr. S. J. Jackson, of Stonewall, was appointed in his place, and also in charge of Rat Portage inspectorate ; while Inspector Leveque, who held the latter, was transferred to the Qu'Appelle inspectorate, with the exception of the Birtle agency, which was added to the Lake Manitoba inspectorate ; and Inspector McGibbon was transferred to the Calgary inspectorate. Mr. H. A. Carruthers, clerk at Edmonton agency, was pro- moted to be agent at PeDy, and Mr. McKenzie of the latter place was transferred to the agency at Rat Portage. Rev. Mr. Semmens was transferred from the Berens River to the Clandeboye agency. Aerent Jones of Duck Lake and Agent Maearthur of Carlton, exchanged places, and Mr. Murison, farmer at Moose Mountain, was pro- moted to be agent at the same place. These changes, it is hoped, will secure greater efficiency in the service. Death of Chiefs. — James Smith of Fort a la Corne, died and was succeeded by James Head ; Bearspaw of the Stony reserve died and was succeeded by his son, Moses Bearspaw ; White Pup, head chief of the North Blackfoot camp, died and was succeeded by Yellow Horse. A few other changes have taken place among chiefs of lesser note. Staff. — Mr. J. A. J. Mcllenna, Assistant Commissioner, has vigorously undertaken the duties of his office, and my efficient secretary and the clerks and other employees in the office are continuing to give high satisfaction. I have, &c., DAVID LAIRD, Indian Commissioner. REPORT OF J. LESTOCK REID, D.L.S. Ottaava, January 15, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Aifairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the past season's work in the field, in compliance with instructions received. I left Qu'Appelle on May 6 last for the File Hills and ran the exterior boundaries of this group of Indian reserves (Peepeekeesis, Okanase, Star Blanket and Little Black Bear), also subdividing the southeast portion of Peepeekeesis reserve into eighty-acre lots, ninety-six lots in all. From the File Hills I proceeded to the Standing Buffalo reserve and ran the north and east boundaries of the same. From the Standing Buffalo reserve I proceeded to the i REPORT OF J. LESTOCK REID, D.L.S. 243 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Fishing Lake reserve, north of the Touchwood Hills agency, and ran the exteriors of this reserve. From the Fishing Lake reserve I proceeded to Nut Lake, where I met Agent Marti- neau. I may mention that no traces of the original survey of the iSTut Lake reserve were to be found. The agent, Mr. Martineau, having called the headman and Indians of this band (iSTut Lake) together, after the usual time was expended in talk, the head- man agreed to point out where the north boundary of the original survey of the reserve intersected the shore of Nut lake. Having obtained the starting point, I ran the ex- teriors of the old Nut Lake reserve as defined in description, and made the addition as per instructions. Having completed the survey here (Nut Lake) I proceeded by trail through the Red Deer country via the Kinistino reserve to the Cumberland re- serve (100 A) near LaCorne, where I arrived on August 27 and commenced the survey of the exteriors of this reserve, and completed the same, with the exteriors of the adjoining reserve (the James Smith reserve), also the addition of nine hundred and sixty acres on the northeast corner of the Cumberland reserve by October 20, when, find- ing it impossible to make headway with the work owing to the country being so cut up with hay meadows and sloughs, in compliance with instructions I paid the party off and returned to Prince Albert to make up the season's returns, &c. At every mile when possible on all exteriors run, iron posts in moulds and trench were made, and mound and trench at all half-miles. I also made a ' reconnaissance ' of the LaCorne reserve (James Smith and Cumberland reserve) and find that the southern portion immediately north of the Carrot river is intersected with numerous hay meadows and sloughs. I made a preliminary survev of the Neeshahputtowan marsh on these reserves, and took the levels from the marsh to the Carrot river, and found there was sufficient fall to drain the marsh into the Carrot river. There are other large marshes on these reserves that I have no doubt can be drained and a great area of hay-lands reclaimed ; but I find there is a large quantity of hay still available that has not been cut or used by the Indians, and am of opinion that expenditure of moneys for drainage here would be premature, there being suffi- cient hay available on the reserves for many years to come. Having received further instructions, dated September 13, to subdivide the south portion of the Cumberland reserve ClOOA), township 46, range 20, west of the 2nd meridian, I reorganized a party on November 6 for this survey. Owing to the un- looked for severe weather, we were detained at the crossing of the South Saskatchewan for several days by running ice. Having completed the subdivision of township 46, range 20, west of the 2nd meridian, we returned to Prince Albert on December 10 and paid off the party. I have, &c., J. LESTOCK EEID, D.L.S. REPORT OF A. W. PONTON, D.L.S. Surveys in Makitoba and Northwest Territories, Ottawa, December, 1902. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the past season's work in connection with Indian reserve surveys. I left Ottawa on May 19 for Winnipeg, where I reported myself to the Indian Commissioner. I was instructed by the Commissioner to visit the Indian boarding school at Crow- stand in the Swan River agency, with a view to obtaining information as to the best method of obtaining a suitable water-supply for the school. 27— i— 16J 244 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 On my return to Winnipeg I was instructed by the Commissioner to visit the Elkhorn industrial school to inspect the water-supply and sewage arrangement, which have proved unsatisfactory. A report was submitted suggesting certain alterations. From Elkhorn I proceeded to the Blackfoot reserve, where I examined with the agent alternative sites for the proposed amalgamation of the Old Sun and White Eagle boarding schools. A report on this subject was submitted to the Commissioner. I proceeded to the Bear Hills agency to interview Chief Ermineskin and band ■with a view to obtaining a surrender of a townsite at Hobbema siding on the Calgary and Edmonton railway. The absence of the chief prevented anything being done at the time. From the Bear Hills I proceeded to Edmonton, where steps were taken to organize a party to carry out the subdivision of the northern part of the Stony Plain Indian reserve l^o. 135, for which a surrender was obtained on January 20, 1902. The sub- division was completed on July 3, and the returns of the survey, plan, field-notes and schedule descriptive of each quarter section were transmitted to the department on July 19. A second visit was paid to the Bear Hills agency between July 9 and 11, with a view to obtaining a surrender of a townsite at Hobbema siding, which has been al- ready referred to; but I found Chief Ermineskin and his councillors averse to having a townsite on their reserve, and they firmly refused to give a surrender. A separate report on this matter has already been submitted to the department. Before leaving the Stony Plain reserve, an effort was made to re-establish the south and east boundaries of the reserve, to enable Agent Gibbons to proceed with fencing ; but, owing to the heavy rain-tall of the spring, the country was flooded, an^a the work had to be postponed until the autumn. On July 25 I left Edmonton for Lesser Slave lake to continue the allotment of lands for such members of Chief Kinoosayoo's band as had not already received their reserves. Fourteen families, representing fifty-nine souls, decided to take their land in severalty on Swan river, which enters Lesser Slave lake about the centre of the south shore. The land selected by the Indians commences at a distance of from three to four miles inland from a point on the lake known as Wahpah, and extends along the river, from north to south, about ten miles. As it was late in the season before I could visit this district, and as other work claimed my attention elsewhere before the winter set in, I only found it possible to survey the river preparatoiy to the survey of the four- teen separate reserves, which the Indians desired should all front on it, and to define the boundaries of three reserves while in the district. The land along Swan river is generally open, high, dry, and level, and the soil of first-class sandy to clay loam. The country is equally well adapted for agriculture or stock. Fine spruce and poplar timber is available along the river. I left Swan River on October 2, and returned to Edmonton via Athabasca Land- ing, where I arrived on the 9th. From Edmonton I proceeded to the Stony Plain reserve to re-establish the south and east boundaries with a view to enabling the agent to proceed with fencing. This work was completed by October 29. ■ Leaving Edmonton on ISTovember 1, I proceeded to the Stony reserve near Morley; but, owing to cold weather setting in, it was found impossible to undertake the irri- gation ditch, for which a small sum of money was available. Before leaving this agency, I visited the McDougall Orphanage, and located a pipe line which is intended to furnish water for the institution. From Morley I retiirned to Winnipeg, and after reporting myself to the Indian Commissioner, proceeded to Ottawa, where I arrived on November 21. I have, &c., A. W. PONTOi:^, In charge of Surveys in Manitola and N.W.T. 1 BABINE AND UPPER SKEENA RIYER AGE'S CY, B.C. 245 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 British Columbia, Babine and Upper Skeena Kiver Agency, Hazelton, July 18, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report and statistical statement, also list of government property in my keeping to June 30, 1903. Location of Agency. — This agency is the most northerly, and is bounded towards the north and west by the Northwest Coast agency, towards the south by the Williams Lake agency, and to the east by the Rocky mountains. For geographical reasons, distinction of separate nations and general character- istics, this agency is treated under two divisions. THE KITKSUN DIVISION. The supervision of this part of the district begins from Kitselas canyon on the Skeena river, and about ninety miles below this place, terminating beyond its head waters, covering a distance of about one hundred and sixty milfes. Reserves. — Collectively, the reserves of this division contain an aggregate of eighteen thousand six hundred and ninety-eight acres of agricultural, grazing, hay and timber land. The bottom-lands on the Upper Skeena at their vaiying widths according to the converging slopes of the mountains towards its banks, contain many fine stretches of good soil and natural meadows. The same features obtain along its numerous tribu- taries. Exclusive of Kitwankool, situated on the trail to Ayensk, Nass river and Kisgegas, on the Babine river — three miles beyond the confluence with the Skeena — the other six villages are on the banks of the latter river, ending towards its source with Kuldoe, and in the following account will be dealt with in that order. Population. — This division's total population is one thousand one hundred and eleven, an addition of five over last year's count. Tribe or Nation. — The bands under the above caption and located as follows are of the Kitksun nation, the parent stock of the Tsimpsians of the coast. kitwangar band. Reserve. — The three reserves of this band are situated nearly equally on the right and left banks of the Skeena, with a total area of three thousand six hundred and fifteen acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and fifty-three, composed of fifty- six men, fifty-eight women and thirty-nine children. There were five births and three deaths, resulting in an increase of two over last year's count. Health and Sanitation. — The Indians enjoyed the best of health, and in addi- tional to other means, precautions are taken to have the premises and environs kept clean, and more of these Indians were vaccinated. Resources and Occupations. — The principal resources and occvipations of this band are fishing, hunting and trapping, and cutting cord-wood, and the women and children gather wild berries and dry them for winter use. Buildings. — All buildings erected of late years are of modern and improved pattern with more than one room. Special care is taken to have them placed on good dry ground. 246 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIB8 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Stock. — Cattle and horses wintered well and without loss, and better provision for the same is constantly being made. Farm Implements. — The implements in use are still principally those adapted for clearing and gardening. Education. — The school is under the direction of the Anglican Church Missionary Society and is centrally located in the village. The school is making good progress and is endowed with the usual grant for day schools. The pupils are making good headway, which of late years is being appreciated by their parents. Eeligion. — The church here is well attended and much interest is being evinced in religious observances. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are very intelligent and avail them- selves of every opportunity profitable to their well-being in general. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. KITWANKOOL BAND. Reserve. — The village of this band, for which no reserve has yet been apportioned, is the only one of the Kitksun settlements removed from the proximity of the river, and is situated on the right bank of the Kitwangar river, twenty-five miles from Kit- wanga, and four m^les below Lake Kitwankool, and on the trail to Ayensk, Nass river. Vital Statistics. — The population, apart from its quota of one hundred and fifteen, living about the last-named locality, Kinkolith and Fishery bay, ISTass, numbers sixty- eight, and consists of twenty men, twenty-one women and twenty-seven children. Dur- ing the year there were three births and one death, making an increase of two. Health and Sanitation. — There w.as no illness in this band. Sanitary measures are being obsei'ved ; also vaccination is attended to. Resources and Occupations. — The lake furnishes an abundant supply of salmon; hunting and trapping bring fair returns, as does also the gathering of wild berries by the women and children. These Indians work in the coast salmon canneries during the season, and hunt and trap during winter. In common with all the Kitksuns, they avail themselves of every chance of useful employment. Buildings. — As elsewhere, lately constructed buildings are modern and well- placed. Stock. — Cattle and horses wintered well and without loss, and better provision is being made for stock from year to year. Farm Implements. — Only those for clearing, gardening and weeding are in use. Eiducation. — There is no school in this village ; some of the children periodically attend the same at Kitwangar, Kinkolith and Ayensk, Nass. Religion. — There is also no church, and no missionary stationed at this village, but the people receive devoted attention in this respect in the last above-mentioned localities. Characteristics and Progress. — The people are industrious, and notwithstanding their isolated condition, have made fair advance. Temperance and Morality. — There were no complaints in regard to either intem- perance or immorality. KITSEGUKLA BAND. Reserve. — The area of this reserve is located on both banks of the Skeena, and contains three thousand five hundred and fifteen acres. The new and old villages are both situated on the left bank of the river ; the latter about nine miles below the first. Since reserve No. 2, bordering upon the new i BABINE AND UPPER SKEENA RIVER AGENCY, B.C. 247 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 village with the part on the opposite bank, became subdivided, the other can be con- sidered as abandoned. Vital Statistics. — The combined population is eighty-nine, composed of thirty men, twenty-nine women and thirty children. There were four births and two deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The Indians enjoyed good health. They kept their premises fairly clean, and more of the people were vaccinated. Eesources and Occupations. — Salmon-fishing, hunting and trapping are the main resources of this band. The Indians work for the canneries of the coast, hunt, trap, and chop cord-wood. Buildings. — With the exception of the old village, which now is counted out, the buildings are very good and located on the healthiest ground to be desired. Farm Implements. — Only such tools as are indispensable for cleaning, gardening and weeding are in use. Education. — The school at the old village is closed, and preparations are being made for one, centrally located and of an efficiency to suit entirely new conditions. Religion. — There is at the old place a well constructed and equipped church, which no doubt will be removed to the new locadon. The peoplo, belong to the Methodist Church, of which they are faithful adherents. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and ambitious. The effect of the removal of the older people — till lately composing the old village — will be a deliverance from, hopeless conditions, to which they clung like limpets to a rock. Temperance and Morality. — Concerning transgressions under both of these heads, I have heard of no instance for complaint. GETANMAX BAND, HAZELTOX. Reserve. — The reserve lands of this band are situated, with the exception of a timber reserve, on Two-mile creek, on both banks of the Skeena, and inclusive of Tsitsks, or Rocher Deboule — also assigned to this band — and on both banks of the Bulkley river, comprise a total area of three thousand seven hundred and ninety-one acres. Vital Statistics.— The population, largely composed originally of other villages, numbers two hundred and thirty-seven, consisting of ninety-two men, ninety-five women and fifty children. There were eleven births and thirteen deaths, making a decrease of two. Health and Sanitation.— The health of the Indians was very good. The usual precautionary measures are observed, and in addition, more of the people were vac- cinated. Pains are taken here and elsewhere to instruct the Indians^ in regard to the im- portant facts concerning tuberculosis and preventing its dissemination. Cases of ill- ness are being treated by Dr. Horace C. Wrinch. Indians all over the district avail themselves of his seiwices. The indispensable adjunct— a hospital— is being commenced adjacent to the doctor's new residence, now completed and situated in an ideal locality, one and a quarter miles southeast of Hazelton. The undertaking is being pushed with the doctor's indomitable energy, trusting to reasonable support so absolutely essential in the interest of humanity in a district so large and promising of a great future. Resources and Occupations.— Hunting and trapping in winter, and catching salmon are the main resources. On account of its location, the occupations of this band are as varied as they are remunerative. Buildings.— The buildings on the location in severalty, are of splendid pattern and are well placed. Stock.— The cattle and horses wintered well, they were fairly well sheltered and supplied with provender. 248 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Farming Implements.— The implements are such as are generally used for gardening and clearing. Education.— The school is under the auspices of the Anglican Church Missionary Society. The result is much better since the parents of the children are taking a livelier interest in having them attend. The school-house occupies the north end of the Hazelton town site, in proximity to the old Indian village. Eeligion. — Interest is taken in religious matters. A fine church-building stands on the townsite, in which the Church of England service is held. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians are intelligent, industrious and pro- vident. They have acquired the aptitude for mostly any kind of work and are steadily employed for the season. Their earnings are judiciously invested where doing the most good, with a thought for the future. Temperance and Morality. — Though the temptation to transgress in both is greater here than elsewhere on the Skeena, reasons for complaint are few. GLEK VOWELL BAND. Eeserve. — The village of this band is located about four miles above here, on the special reserve of Sikedach, on the right bank of the Skeena. This reserve contains nine hundred acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is seventy-three and consists of twenty men, twenty women and thirty-three children. There was one birth and one death during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been excellent ; the ne- cessary precautions are well observed, and more of the people were vaccinated. Eesources and Occupations. — Besides fishing and hunting and keeping stock, the people are earning fair wages and constantly improving their homes. Buildings. — The buildingsl here are of specially good pattern, and compare fav- ourably with those of white settlers. Stock. — The cattle and horses, well looked after, are doing well. Farm Implements. — Only the necessaiy implements used for gardening and break- ing up land are employed. Education. — The school-house here is centrally located ; the teacher is taking great pains with the children under his care. Eeligion. — Adjacent to the school is located a meeting-house, in which Salvation Army service is conducted. Characteristics and Progress.- — The people are law-abiding and industrious. A large tract of land has been cleared. Much of the land has been put into pasture or garden land, thereby largely promoting public good. KISPAIAX BAXn. Eeserve. — The village of this band is situated about eight miles above here on the right bank of the Skeena and on the left bank of the mouth of the Kispaiax river. The main reserve is allotted on that side of the former river, with a special resei-ve in a westerly direction from the village, and inclusive of Sikedach, connected with the preceding band, contains an area of four thousand nine hundred and sixteen acres. Vital Statistics. — This band numbers two hundred and nine, composed of seventy- four men, seventy-seven women and fifty-eierht children. There were seven births and ioxiT deaths during the year, making an increase of three. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been very good. The usual precautions are taken to preserve it, and some of the people were vaccinated. Eesources and Occupations. — Hunting and trapping in winter, and catching salmon are the principal resources ; working for wages occupies the better part of the season. i BABINE AND UPPER SKEEKA RIVER AGENCY, B.C. 249 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Buildings. — All buildings erected within recent years are of good quality. Stock. — The cattle and horses wintered well, and from year to year better pro- vision is being made for them. Farm Implements. — The common tools for gardening and breaking up land are in use. Education. — School is being taught in a house fairly centrally located and im- provised for the purpose. When open, it is well attended and the pupils are making good progress. , Religion. — There is a church completed and equipped. It is being well attended. The people belong to the Methodist denomination. Characteristics and Progress. — Once very obdurate of disposition, this band has readily fallen into line for up-to-date improvements, which is evinced in every di- rection. Temperance and Morality, — Only rarely occasions arise for censure in either respect. KISGEGAS BAXD. Reserve. — The locality occupied by this band is about sixty-eight miles to the noi'th of here, on the right bank of the Babine river, and three miles above its con- fluence with the Skeena. The reserve embraces both sides of the Babine river with an area of two thousand four hundred and fifteen acres. Vital Statistics. — This band, numbering two-hundred and forty-three, consists of eighty-nine men, ninety-one women and sixty-three children. Two births and five deaths occurred, resulting in a decrease of three. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians' health has been very good. Sanitary measures are observed and an additional number of the people with their childreir were vaccinated. Resources and Occupations. — The resources of this band are : catching salmon, especially in the canyon below the village, and hunting and trapping. These Indians mostly depend on these resources and till their potato-patches. The women, accom- panied by their children, gather wild berries and dry them for winter use. Buildings. — As elsewhere, the improved pattern of buildinss is superseding the old. Farm Implements. — These Indians use ordinary implements for gai-Jening and clearing ; also some scythes. This remark likewise applies to all the preceding bands. Education. — The mission-building is conveniently located to this village, and is also used for school purposes. The children are making fair progress. Religion. — The Indians are under the religious guidance of the Anglican Church Missionary Society. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are very intelligent and indus- trious. Those of this band living around Bear lake seldoni come in. As a whole, much has been achieved in the general betterment of their condition. Temperance and Morality. — These people are temperate and moral. KULDOE BAXD. Reserve. — The village of this band is situated on the right bank of the Skeena river. The reserve contains four hundred and forty-six acres, almost equally divided in area on both banks of the Skeena. Vital Statistics. — This band numbers thirty-nine, composed of eleven men, twelve women and sixteen children. There were two births and one death, making an in- crease of one. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been very good. The usual sanitary measures are observed and more of the people were vaccinated. 250 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Resources and Occupations. — The river furnishes a good supply of salmon. To so few people, the large hunting and trapping grounds give large returns. They also grow potatoes and gather berries for winter use. Buildings. — The buildings here are still made of split cedar and are of the primi- tive kind. Stock. — Of stock these Indians have none. Farm Implements. — The ordinary implements for gardening and breaking up land are in vise. Education. — There is no school at this village, but the children periodically attend that of Kisgegas. Religion. — There is no church, but the people take an interest in Christian teaching. Characteristics and Progress. — The people are law-abiding and intelligent ; though remotely situated, they are striving for the better by enlarging and improving their potato-grourtds, and in breaking up more land. Temperance and Morality. — With respect to these two subjects, no complaint has reached this office. HAGWILGET DIVISION. Reserve. — This division begins within three miles to the southeast of Hazelton, and extends in that direction for a distance computed at three hundred and twenty- five miles, and ends at Fort George on the Eraser river. Within its radius are seventeen villages, under the Babine and Carrier groups, respectively. The reserves of this division consist of an aggregate of twenty-nine thousand seven hundred and seven acres of agricultural, grazing, hay and timber land. It is anticipated that the Bulkey valley, with its overhanging panorama of pretty landscape, here and there enhanced by a lake and natural park, will in the near future be quickened from its calm repose. Population. — The total population of this division is one thousand eight hundred and eighteen, an increase of twenty-six over last year's census, which will be ac- counted for later on. Tribe and Nation. — The bands under this heading are of the Dene nation. ROCHER DEBOULE BAND. In dealing with the following, I deem it admissible to reserve for the summing up, remarks in regard to localities identical in features and conditions. Reserve. — The village of this band is located three miles to the southeast of Hazelton, on the lofty left bank of the Bulkley river. The reserve comprises both sides of that river, and contains an area of four hundred and forty-three acres, which is assigned to the Getanmax (Hazelton) band. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and sixty-three, composed of fifty-nine men, fifty-eight women and forty-six children. There were four births and one death, making an increase of three. MORICETOWN BAND. Reserve. — The village of this band is situated on the left bank of the Bulkley river, and at its main canyon. The reserve in area is almost evenly divided on both sides of the river, and contains one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three acres. Vital Statistics. — This band has a population of one hundred and fifty-five, con- sisting of fifty-six men, fifty-seven women and forty-two children. There were two births and five deaths, making a decrease of three. I BABINE AND UPPER SKEENA RIVER AGENCY, B.C. 251 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 FORT BABINE BAND. Keserve. — The village is situated on the right shore of the Babine lake, near its discharge, the Babine river, where there is a bridge of about two hundred feet in length. The reserve has an area of one thousand two hundred and eighty-nine acres, partly distributed on each bank. Vital Statistics. — This band numbers one hundred and fifty-two, consisting of fifty-four men, fifty-six women and forty-two children. During the year there were six births and two deaths, making an increase of four. OLD FORT BABINE BAND. Eeserve. — The village is on the right and the reserves are on both shores of the lake, and comprise an area of three thousand and fifty-nine acres. Vital Statistics. — This band has a population of one hundred and thirty-nine : forty-eight men, forty-seven women and forty-four children. YUCUTCE BAND. Eeserve. — The village and reserve are located at the head of Stuart's lake, on the intervening nine miles of land between Babine and Stuart's lakes, or portage. The reserve area amounts to eight hundred and seventeen acres. Vital Statistics. — This band numbers eighteen ; five men, five women and eight children. There was one birth and no deaths. TACIIE BAND. Eeserve. — This village and reserve are situated on the left bank of Stuart's lake, with the former at the mouth and left bank of the Tache river. The reserve area amounts to one thousand seven hundred and seventy-nine acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is fifty-nine, consisting of nineteen men, eighteen women and twenty-two children. There were seven births and one death, resulting in an increase of six. PINTCE BAND. Eeserve. — The villag-e and reserve are on the left bank of Stuart's lake, and the former at the mouth and right bank of Pintce river. The reserve contains seven hun- dred and twenty-eight acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is thirty-nine, consisting of thirteen men, four- teen women and twelve children. There was one birth and five deaths. GRAND RAPIDS BAND, Eeserve. — The village and reserve of this band are od the right bank of Tache river, at this point commonly called Trembleur river. The reserve contains five hundred and eighty-four acres. Vital Statistics. — The people number twenty-six : eight men, six women and twelve children. There were six births and no deaths. TSISTLAINLI WITH TSISLY BAND. Eeserve. — The two small villages and the reserves are at the head of Trembleur lake and left bank and mouth of Tatla river. The reserves contain an acre of one thousand two hundred and ninety-one acres. 252 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Vital Statistics. — The population is fifteen ; five men, five women and five children. There were two births and no deaths. Stuart's lake band. Reserve. — The village and reserve of this band are on the left bank of Stuart's lake, and at its discharge, Stuart's river. The area of the reserve is two thousand eight hundred and seventy-five acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and eighty-four, composed of sixty-eight men, sixty-six \^omen and fifty children. There were ten births and four deaths, making an increase of six. STELLA BAND. Eesei-ve. — The village and reserve of this band are on the right bank of the Stella river and near its discharge into Fraser's lake. The reserve comprises an area of two thousand and seventy-seven acres. Vital Statistics. — This band numbers forty-six, consisting of fourteen men, thir- teen women and nineteen children. There were five births and one death. eraser's lake band. Reserve. — The village and reserve of this band are on the left shore of Fraser's lake and at its discharge, the Xatlah river. The reserve area consists of one thousand nine hundred and forty-nine acres. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is fifty-nine, made up of eighteen men, eighteen women and twenty-three children. During the year there were seven births and one death, making an increase of six. STONY CREEK BAND. Reserve. — The village is located on the right bank of Stony creek, and the reserve on both of its banks extending down to its discharge into Noolke lake. The reserve comprises seven thousand four hundred and eighty-eight acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and seven, consisting of thirty- nine men, tbirty-nine women and twenty-nine children. There were eight births and two deaths. FORT GEORGE BAND. Reserve. — The village is on reserve No. 1, on the right bank of the Fraser river, No. 2 is located on that side of that river. Xo. 3 is located on the left bank of the Nechaco river, with No. 4 on the latter's right bank, and also on the right bank and mouth of Mud river, one of its eastern affluents. In area they amount to, three thou- sand and ninety-five acres. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is one hundred and nineteen, composed of forty-three men, forty-three women and thirty-three children. There was one birth and seven deaths. Reserve. — Reserve No. 1 is located on the right bank of the Fraser river ; No. 2, on the left bank of the Blackwater river, and No. 3, on the eastern shore of Nattesley or Bobtail lake ; altogether amounting in area to five hundred and thirty-seven acres. Vital Statistics. — This band numbers sixty-nine: twenty-five men. twenty-five women, and nineteen children. There was one birth and six deaths. 1 BABINE AND UPPER SKEEXA RIVER AGENCY, B.C. 253 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 -MCLEUD^S LAKE BAM). Reserve. — The village is located on the western shore of McLeod's lake, and the reserve on both banks of Long river. The reserve contains an area of two hundred and eighty-six acres. Vital Statistics. — The band numbers ninety-five, consisting of twenty-nine men, twenty-nine women and thirty-seven children. There were three births and one death. FORT GRAHAJIE AND LAKE CONNELLY BAND OF SIKANEES. Location. — Members of the former band of Sikanees occasionally come into Fort Grahame to trade, and the latter for like purposes to Connelly Lake outpost. Being nomadic and depending entirely on fresh and smoked cariboo and moose-naeat, con- ditions do not permit their travelling and camping in numbers. Their number prin- cipally consists of units of families, and thus they roam over an area of about four hundred miles of mountains, lakes and swamps in the radii to the east of their re- spective trading posts. Vital Statistics. — The Fort Grahame band of the above named Indians numbers about ninety-six, and according to the best information, consists of thirty-one men, thirty-two women and thirty-three children. Three births and two deaths were re- ported. The Connelly Lake band numbers about one hundred and twenty-three, supposed, to be composed of forty-six men, forty-six women and thirty-one children. According to accounts, there were five births and three deaths. CONNELLY LAKE BANDS OF NA-ANEES. The iSTa-anees, semi-nomadic likewise, roam under above conditions over a large ex- panse of mountains and lakes to the north of Lake Connelly. Vital Statistics. — The population of these two bands of Indians is reported to be one hundred and fifty-four, consisting of fiity-six m.en, fifty-four women and forty- four children. It is said that there were six births and four deaths. REMARKS CONCERNING HAGWILGET DIVISION. Health and Sanitation. — The Indians are made aware of the importance ot general cleanliness. Many have been vaccinated, and no contagion of any kind appeared. Resources and Occupations. — The main resources of all the bands are hunting, trapping and fishing. The Indians of the villages own more or less cattle and horses. At Stuart's lake and Fort George they earn some money by boating and canoeing, and in various other ways. As there is an abundance of senega-root along the lakes, correspondence is under way regarding the precise time of its treatment for drying, and commercial value, with a view of establishing an industry that may prove to the Indians well worthy of following. Buildings. — Exclusive of the Sikanee and Na-anee Indians with habitat and habits of their own, much interest is being shown in putting up substantial houses of modern style and arranged for comfort. Stock. — Likewise with the exception of the bands just mentioned, there are cattle and horses — which wintered well — in all the localities. Farm Implements. — The implements used are still such as scythes, hand-rakes, and others useful in clearing and tilling the soil. Education. — There are no schools on any of the reserves of this division, but the people have learned the syllabic writing in their own language. By this means, weekly and monthly papers and so forth, are being printed at Stuart's Lake mission. 254 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Religion. — All the Indians of this division belong to the Eoman Catholic Church and are very devout in their religious observances, of whom those of the out-lying bands are regarded the most zealous. At Stuart's Lake is a large church and a mission, and there are likewise churches at Rocher Deboule, Moricetown, Fort Babine, Old Fort Babine, Tache, Pintce, Fraser's Lake, Stella, Stony Creek, Fort George, Mc- Leod's Lake and Blackwater. Characteristics and Progress. — As a whole, the Indians are of a peaceful disposi- tion. They are good hunters and trappers. Their potato-gardens are receiving in- creased attention, and improvements in general are gradually becoming apparent. Temperance and Morality. — Nothing is to be said in the way of complaint under the first item of this heading, and the people can be highly commended for their con- duct morally. I have, &c., K. E. LORmO, Indian Agent. British Columbia, CowiCHAN Agency, QuAMicHAN, August 1, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — ^I have the honour to submit my annual report and statistical statement for the year ended June 30, 1903. Agency. — This agency is situated on the east coast of Vancouver island and ex- tends from Cape Mudge on the north to Sooke on the south, including the reserves on the different islands in the gulf of Georgia. The total area of the reserves in this agency is nineteen thousand eight hundred and ninety-three acres. SOOKE BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the straits of Juan de Fuca, about twenty-five miles southwest of the city of Victoria. It contains an area of one hundred and sixty-six acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is twenty-five, consisting of six men, eight women and eleven children. There was one birth, no deaths, and one woman joined the band, making an increase of two. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians all enjoy good health and their premises are kept clean. Occupations. — The Indians are chiefly engaged in farming and fishing. During the summer they go to the Fraser river for the salmon-fishing and in the fall to the hop-fields in the state of Washington. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — All the Indians have good implements and stock. Their buildings, including houses, bams and stables, are in good repair. They take good care of their stock. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics. Education. — There is no school on the reserve owing to the small number of children. i COWICHAN AGENCY, B.C. 255 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and well-behaved. They give more attention to the cultivation and improvement of their land than formerly. Temperance and Morality. — The Indians on this reserve are all temperate and moral. CHEERKO BAND (bEECHER BAY). Reserve. — The reserve is situated on the straits of Juan de Fuca^ about fifteen miles southwest of Victoria, and contains an area of seven hundred and seventy-nine acres. As most of this reserve is rocky, very little of it is fit for cultivation. Vital Statistics. — The total population is forty-six, consisting of twelve men, nine- teen women and fifteen children. During the year there have been two births and four deaths, making a decrease of two. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band has been good. The dwellings have been kept fairly clean. Occupations. — These Indians do a little farming and fishing for the Victoria market. A few go over to the hop-fields in the state of Washington. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — The dwellings are fairly good. They have a few cattle and horses of medium quality. They own a few farm implements of good quality. Education. — There is no school on this reserve. A few of the children receive instruction from the white settlers living near the reserve. Religion. — Most of these Indians are Roman Catholics, the others pagans and Shakers. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are fairly industrious and law- abiding, with a desire to get on. Temperance and Morality. — Although few of them are addicted to intemperance, they are not what may be termed moral. SONGHEES BAND. This band comprises the following sub-families, the Esquimalt and Discovery Island Indians, as well as the Songhees Indians. Reserves. — These reserves are situated on the harbours of Victoria and Esqui- malt and on the islands in the straits of Juan de Fuca : their total area is three hun- dred and six acres. Very little of the land is fit for agricultural purposes. Vital Statistics. — The total population is one hxindred and forty-nine, made up of forty men, forty-four women and sixty-five children. During the past year there have been two births and six deaths, making a decrease of four. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians is fairly good. Living as they do near the city of Victoria, they keep their occupied houses neat and in good condition. Occupations. — Fishing and working for white men in the city of Victoria form their chief means of livelihood. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Their dwellings and outhouses are in fair condition. Little, if any, stock is kept by these Indians. They have few farm implements. Education. — There is a school on this reserve, which is fairly well attended. Religion. — The Indians are all either Roman Catholics or Methodists. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are fairly industrious and law- r biding, and show a desire to improve their condition. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are fairly temperate and moral, but, situated near the city of Victoria, unfortunately a few are addicted to intemperate habits. 256 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 BANDS IN SAANICH DISTRICT, Reserves. — The following bands occupy reserves in Saanich district, viz., the Malakut, Tsekum, Pauquechin, Tsartilp and Tsawout, the total area of the said reserves being three thousand three hundred and eighteen acres. Vital Statistics. — The total population is two hundred and sixty-three, consisting of sixty-four men, eighty women and one hundred and nineteen children. During the year there have been five births and nine deaths. Occupations. — The chief occupations of the Indians are general farming, fishing and hop-picking ; also working among the adjoining white settlers. Health and Sanitation. — The health oi these Indians has been good during the year, and their premises are kept clean. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Some of these Indians have good com- fortable dwellings fairly well furnished, and their outbuildings are pretty good. They have some improved breeds of stock and take care of them. Their implements, of which they have a good supply, are in good condition. Education. — There are two schools provided for these Indians, one situated on the Tsawout reserve, the other at Tsartilp. They take great interest in education. Religion. — These Indians are all Roman Catholics, and regularly attend church. Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of these Indians are industrious and law-abiding, unfortunately a few of them get into trouble through violation of the law. Temperance and Morality. — When the Indians get into the city of Victoria, they are exposed to great temptation by unscrupulous whisky-sellers and the result is several of them get drunk. As a whole, they are well-behaved. BANDS IN COWICHAN DISTRICT. Reserves. — The following bands occupy reserves in Cowichan valley, which is situated on the east coast of Vancouver island, about forty miles north of the city of Victoria, viz. : Kilpaulus, Comeakin, Clemclemaluts, Khenipsin, Kokasilah, Quam- ichan and Somenos. The total area of the reserves of the said bands is six thousand and eighty-eight acres. Vital Statistics. — The combined population of the seven bands is six hundred and eighty-two, consisting of two hundred and two men, two hundred and twelve women and two hundred and sixty-eight children. During the past year there have been four births and fourteen deaths, making a decrease of ten. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been fair, there have been no contagious diseases nor epidemic;^ among them during the year, the chief maladies being scrofula, consumption and rheumatism. As there is abundance of fresh water flowing through their reserves, the sanitary conditions are good. Occupations. — The chief occupation of these Indians is farming, although dur- ing the summer and autumn they earn a great deal of money from the fisheries on the Fraser river and from the hop-fields in the state of Washington. In addition to this they work for the white farmers in the neighbourhood and are enabled thereby to earn considerable cash, especially in harvest-time. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — The character and number of their buildings continue to improve. Their dwelling-houses become more comfortable each year. Their stock is very good, the horses are of larger and better breed than form- erly, the cattle are improving fast in quality and quantity. Several of the Indians own mowers, reapers, binders and threshing-machines, both steam and horse-power, with which they earn a great deal of money harvesting and threshing the crops of the white farmers in the district. The farm machinery owned by these Indians is of the- most improved pattern. I cow ICE AN AGENCY, B.C. 257 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Education. — There are two schools provided for these Indians — one situated in the Somenos village, the other between the Clemclemaluts and Quamichan villages. Both schools are doing well and the pupils show good progress. The older children attend the Kuper Island industrial school. Religion. — The majority of these Indians are Roman Catholics. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians in this district are industrious and law-abiding, and as a whole are very progressive. Temperance and Morality.- — Taking them all round, these Indians are of temperate habits, only a few being fond of liquor. They are veiy moral and compare favourably with any Indians on the coast. HELLELT BAND, Reserves. — One reserve is situated on the south bank of the Chemainus river about a mile and a half from its mouth, and another on an island at the mouth of the same river. The two reserves contain a combined area of four hundred and twenty-seven acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is twenty-nine, consisting of eight men, ten women and eleven children. During the year there have been no births nor deaths. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians have been very healthy ; no sickness of a contagious nature has prevailed. They all live during the summer months in their private houses. Occupations. — The Indians of this band engage chiefly in farming and fishing, and they earn some money by clearing land for the white settlers. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — The buildings of these Indians are neat and of good construction. They have a few barns or stables ; they do not own much stock, but what they have is well taken care of, as are also their farm implements. Education. — There is no school on this reserve ; as soon as the children are old enough, they attend the Kuper Island industrial school. Religion. — These Indians are either Roman Catholics or semi-pagans. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and seldom get into trouble. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. A few occasionally in- dulge in whisky. SICCAMEEN AND KULLEETS BANDS. Reserves. — The main reserve is situated between Oyster harbour and Chemainus bay. One reserve is on the western shore of Oyster harbour, a fishing station on the left bank of the Chemainus river near it mouth. The total area of these reserves is three thousand and eighty-four acres. There are no lines dividing the lands of the two bands. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and five, made up of twenty-nine men, thirty-two women and forty-four children. There have been two births and one death during the year, making an increase of one for the. year. Health and Sanitation. — Like the other reserves, there is a good supply of clear spring water located on the beach. There has been no sickness among the Indians of this band during the year. Occupations. — These Indians do very little farming, fishing and boat-building being their chief occupations. A number are employed in the town of Ladysmith. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — These Indians keep verj^ little stock, but what they have they take good care of. Their houses are in pretty good condition, especially the larger ranch houses. Education. — There is no school on this reserve. The children of school age attend the Kuper Island industrial school. 27— i— 17 258 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Eeligion. — These Indians are all Roman Catholics. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and law-abiding. Some of them are above the average in intelligence. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are temperate, and seldom get into trouble. • LYACKSUN BAND. Eeserve. — This reserve is situated on Valdez island, and consists of three reserves, which have a combined area of one thousand eight hundred and forty acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is eighty-seven, made up of nineteen men, twenty women and forty-eight children. During the year there has beeni one birth, but no deaths, making an increase of one for the year. Health and Sanitation. — Owing to the location of these Indians, they have en- joyed very good health during the year. Resources and Occupations. — This reserve is nearly all rock and heavy timber. The Indians do very little farming, their principal occupations being fishing nnd boat- building. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — The buildings are all well kept and of superior construction. The Indians do not live now in the old ranch houses as former- ly. They have added to the number of their stock by purchasing well-bred animals. Although they have not many farm implements, yet what they have are good. Education. — There being no school on this reserve, the children of school age at- tend the industrial school on Kuper island. Religion. — All these Indians are either Roman Catholics or pagans. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious, law-abiding and very thrifty. Temperance and Morality. — Situated as they are at some distance from a town and all its evil associations and snares, they are temperate and moral. PENELAKUT BAND. Reserve. — This band includes the Llmache and Tsussie bands. Their reserve is situated on Kuper island and Tent island, and the northwest extremity of Galiano island, and a small reserve at the mouth of the Chemainus river, forming a total area of two thousand three hundred and thirty-two acres. Vital Statistics. — The total population is two hundred and twenty-three. During the year there have been three births and two deaths, making an increase of one. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of these Indians is good. The sani- tary conditions are excellent. Occupations. — Fishing and boat-building are the chief occupations of these In- dians. Not very much farming is done by them. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — The building-s are in pretty fair con- dition. There is little, if any, stock kept. They have very few farm implements. Education. — The Kuper Island industrial school is situated on this reserve. Religion. — All the Indians on this reserve are Roman Catholics. Characteristics and Progress. — The condition of these Indians has greatly im proved, which is due in no small measure to the missionaries, Protestant and Roman Catholic, on the island. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are fairly temperate and moral. NANAIMO BAND. Reserve. — This reserve consists of a reserve on the Nanaimo harbour, and one on the Nanaimo river, with a small fishing station on the southern shore of Gabriola island, forming an area of six hundred and thirty-seven acres. 1 COWICHAN AGENCY, B.C. 259 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and sixty-four, consisting of twenty-seven men, thirty-eight women, and ninety-nine children. During the year there has been one birth, and two deaths have occurred, making a decrease in the popu- lation of one. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been very good during the past year. There have been no epidemics among them. Occupations. — These Indians farm, work in the coal mines and also earn a lot of money trimming coal in the ships. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — There is great improvement in the bmldings of this band. The stock is of better quality and is increasing in number. They are taking more care of their implements than formerly. Education. — They are supplied with a school and take considerable interest in it. Eeligion. — These Indians are all Methodists. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and law-abiding, and are anxious to improve their condition. Temperance and Morality.— Considering their proximity to the town of Nanaimo, they are fairly temperate and moral. ^ SNOXOWAS BAND (NANOOSE) . The reserve of this band is situated on the southern shore of Nanoose harbour, and has a total area of two hundred and nine acres. There are only thirteen persons on this reserve, namely, four men, seven women and two children. E"o births nor deaths have occurred during the year. Their chief employments are fishing and the manufacture of dog-fish oil. QUALICUM BAND. The reserve of this band is situated at the mouth of the Qualicum river. It has an area of one hundred and ninety-seven acres. Only thirteen Indians reside on this reserve, namely, four men, four women and five children. There have been no births nor deaths during the year. ISTot much farming is done by these Indians ; they fish a little and act as guides for fishing and hunting parties. COMOX BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the northern shore of Comox harbour and on the left bank of the Puntledge river and at its confluence with the Tsolum river. In connection with the reserve is a graveyard on Goose spit, Comox harbour. The area of the reserve is three hundred and seventy-eight acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is fifty-nine, twenty-one men, nineteen women and nineteen children. Durina: the year there has been one birth and one death. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band has been good. There have not been any epidemics during the year nor diseases of a contagious character. Sanitary conditions are fair. Occupations. — The chief occupations are farming, fishing and hunting. Eeligion. — The majority of these Indians are Presbyterians. Education. — There is no school on this reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and law-abiding, and have made more progress this year than in any preceding year. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Their buildings, though few in number, are in fair condition. The quality of their stock is fair. They do not possess many farm implements. 27— i— 17i 260 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are temperate; few of them drink to excess. Their morality is on a par with that of other Indians. GALIANO ISLAND BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is located on the northwest extremity of Galiano island and is included in the area of the reserve of the Penelakut band. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of eight men, eight women and fifteen children, thirty-one in all. There have been no births nor deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good during the past year. The sanitary conditions are fair. Occupations. — The chief occupations of these Indians are boat-building and fishing. There is no farming done on this reseiwe ; a few gardens are cultivated. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — There are a few buildings on this reserve, but no stock. Education. — The children attend the Kuper Island industrial school. Eeligion. — All the Indians on th^s reserve are Roman Catholics. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — The Indians are temperate and moral. MAYNE ISLAND BAND. Reserve.— This reserve is situated on the northwest extremity of Mayne island. The area of the reserve is included in that of the bands in the Saanich district. Vital Statistics. — The population numbers twenty-eight, consisting of five men, five women and eighteen children. During the year there has been one birth and no deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good during the year. The sanitary conditions are fair. Occupations. — Fishing for the Victoria and Vancouver markets is their only occupation. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — As this is only a fishing station, their buildings are mere shanties constructed of cedar slabs. For the same reason there is no stock nor farm implements on the reserve. Education. — There is no school on the reserve. Religion. — All the Indians of this band are Roman Catholics. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and make a good living by fishing. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. COWICHAN LAKE BAND. This reserve is situated on the northern shore of Cowichan lake, near its outlet. It has a total area of one hundred and thirty acres. There are at present only one man and one woman occupying this reserve, and that only during the summer months. They spend the winter among their relatives on the west coast of the island. GENERAL REMARKS. The Indians in this agency are industrious and considerably improved in every way. The employment of oriental labour has displaced the Indian in certain lines, such as farm work, cutting cord-wood, &c. Being unable to procure work away from home, except during the fishing season, when they are in demand, the Indians are rapidly copying the methods of the white man and remain at home to cultivate the land, and keep abreast of the improved methods of farming adopted by the white settlers. i FRA8ER JtlTER AGENCY, B.C. 261 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2/ They use the latest improved machinery on their farms and earn a great deal of money by cutting and harvesting the crops of the white settlers ; especially is this the case in Cowichan district. In this last mentioned district they own no less than six self-binders and one steam thresher. Their stock is greatly improved in quality, which is due to the introduction into the province of better breeds of cattle, horses, swine and sheep. Great praise is due to the missionaries throughout the agency for their indefatig- able e£forts to improve the morals of the Indians. Their education is well attended to by the various teachers employed, and the re- sult of their work is to be seen in a higher tone of morality being observed by the Indians. I have, &c., W. K. ROBERTSON, Indian Agent. British Columbia, ' Eraser River Agexcy, New Westminster, June 30, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following as my annual report on the affairs of this agency for the year ending June 30, 1903. Tribe or Nation. — All the Indians of this agency belong to branches of the Salish nation. BANDS IN THE CHILLIWACK DISTRICT. Reserves. — The following bands occupy reserves in close proximity to each other in this district, comprising a total area of three thousand eight hundred and forty- one acres, viz.: Aitchelitz, Kwawkwawapilt, Squiahla, Skwah, Skulkayn, Skway, Tsoowahlie, Tzeachten and Yukkwekwioose. Vital Statistics. — The nine bands named have a combined population of three hundred and fifteen, an increase of two since last census. During the year there were ten births and eight deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good during the whole year. Cleanliness is obsei-ved in connection with the keeping of their villages, and they have been carefully vaccinated from time to time ; to which may be ascribed their immunity from serious and infectious diseases during the year. Occupations. — They eng'age chiefly in agricultural pursuits, doing also some fish- ing for the canneries during the salmon-canning season ; they also earn some money picking hops, and rendering sundry services for their white neighbours. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Their dwellings are nearly all frame, and are kept clean and in good repair ; they have good outbuildings. Their stock in many instances compares favourably with that of their white neighbours, being much of the same breed and is being improved from year to year. Many of the Indians own their own farm implements and are yearly adding new ones. 262 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Education. — Much interest is taken in the education of the children of the several bands, who attend Coqualeetza Institute, at Chilliwack ; and St. Mary's Mission boarding school, at St. Mary's Mission. Religion. — They take a firm interest in religious matters and are much attached to their respective churches, viz., Roman Catholic, Methodist and Anglican. Characteristics and Progress. — Generally speaking, they are industrious and law- abiding. Temperance and Morality. — Thej^ are moral, with but few exceptions, and are fast overcoming the appetite for strong drink, hitherto possessed by nearly all of the Indian tribes, and which has been in the past a most formidable enemy to them. BANDS ON HOWE SOUND, BURRARD INLET AND SQUAMISH RIVER. Reserves. — These bands, known as the Squamish Indians, and occupying reserves containing a total area of six thousand eight hundred and six acres, are as follows : — Burrard Inlet, '^o. 3 ; Kapilano, Skawamish, Howe Sound, Seymour Creek, Mission, Burrard Inlet, and False Creek. Vital Statistics. — The combined population of these six bands is three hundred and seventy-three, there were eleven births and six deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — Their health has been good during the year, except that small-pox of a mild type made its appearance on the Squamish reserve during the early part of the year, but was speedily suppressed without loss of life. Their villages are) kept clean and in a sanitary condition ; vaccination also having been attended to from time to time. Occupations. — Their chief occupations are fishing, logging and working in and around lumber mills, loading vessels, &c. In a small way they also do some mixed farming and gardening. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — The Indians residing on these reserves have fairly good dwelling-houses, barns and outhouses, and keep them in good repair. Their stock is of good breed, and is well cared for. Education. — A boarding school under Roman Catholic auspices is conducted adjoining the Mission reserve, and the great advantages to be derived by the Indians in sending their children to this institution are duly prized and taken advantage of. Religion. — They are, with the exception of a few who are not yet Christianized, all Roman Catholics, and take a deep interest in religious matters, regularly attending church. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and law-abiding, and are making steady progress. Temperance and Morality. — The great majority of them are temperate and moral. CHEAM BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band of Indians is situated on the south bank of the Eraser river, and about eighty miles from its mouth. It contains an area of four- teen hundred and thirty-three acres. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is one hundred and two, an increase vof two since last census. There were five births and three deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; their village is kept clean and in a sanitary condition, and vaccination has been attended to. Occupations. — They engage chiefly in agricultural and fishing pursuits, and earn some money during the hop-picking season, and at sundry times assist their white neighbours, thereby increasing their income. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — These Indians all have fairly good dwellings, barns and outbuildings; their stock is well cared for, as are also their farm implements. I FRA8ER RIVER AGENCY, B.C. 263 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Education. — They manifest a decided interest in education, many of the children attending St. Mary's Mission school. Religion. — These Indians are all Roman Catholics, with the exception of one ; they have a nice church in their village, which is well attended by them. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate, with but few exceptions, and moral. CHEHALIS AND SCOWLITZ BANDS. Reserves. — The Chehalis and Scowlitz Indians occupy reserves on Harrison river ; Scowlitz reserve being at its mouth, and Chehalis about four miles up stream ; they have a total area of three thousand one hundred and forty-four acres. Vital Statistics. — The population of these two bands is one hundred and sixty-one. There were five births and seven deaths during the year, a decrease of two since last census. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good during the year ; their villages are kept clean and in a sanitary condition, and vaccination has been duly attended to. OccuiDations. — They engage in farming, dairying, fishing and hunting ; some of them have splendid farms, competing closely with their white neighbours. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Most of these people have good frame dwellings ; they also have very good stables and outbuildings. They have some good stock, which they properly care for. Education. — Most of the children of school age attend the Indian boarding school at St. Mary's mission, . Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics, with the exception of a few who belong to the Anglican Church ; they are earnest and attentive to the instruction given them by their spiritual advisers. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and making steady progress, and are law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. COQUITLAM BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the Coquitlara river, about six miles from New Westminster ; it contains an area of two hundred and eight acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is twenty-six ; there was one birth and no deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; their village is kept clean and in a sanitary condition, and vaccination has been duly attended to. Occupations. — They engage chiefly in fishing and hunting; being near to New Westminster, they supply the local market with most of the fresh fish and game re- quired. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Most of them have fairly good dwellings; they do not keep much stock, preferring to make their living by fishing and hunting. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics, and have a nice church on their reserve, which they attend regularly. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. DOUGLAS, SKOOKUM CHUCK, SAMAHQUAM AND PEllBERTON MEADOWS BANDS. Reserves. — These bands occupy reserves situated between the head of Harrison late, along the Lillooet portage to Pemberton ; and contain a combined area of three thousand four hundred and eighty-five acres. 264 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Vital Statistics. — The population of these bands is five hundred and six. There were seventeen births and twenty deaths during the year ; being a decrease of three since last census. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good, the deaths being largely among the older members of the bands ; their villages are kept clean and in a sanitaiy condition, and vaccination has been duly attended to. Occupations. — Fishing, hunting, packing and acting as guides for mining pros- pectors, also agricultural pursuits, constitute the occupations of these people. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have fairly good dwellings, barns and outbuildings, many of the latter, however, being of log construction. Their horses are mostly Indian ponies ; but their cattle are of the best breeds, and are well cared for, as also their farm implements. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics ; they have three churches, located at Douglas, Skookum Chuck and Pemberton Meadows, respectively, all of which are well attended. Characteristics and Progress. — They are an industrious, law-abiding, simple, good people ; notable among them might be mentioned Chief James, of Douglas, who is largely responsible for their progress and prosperity. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are temperate and moral and strictly honest. EWAWOOS AND TEXAS LAKE BANDS. Reserves. — The reserves of these bands are situated, the former on the south bank of the Fraser river, about two miles east of Hope, and the latter on the north bank of the Fraser river, about seven miles east of Hope ; they contain a combined area of eight hundred and ninety-three acres. Vital Statistics. — The population of the two bands is sixty-two; there were two births and two deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; their villages are kept clean and in a sanitary condition, and vaccination has been duly attended to from time to time. Occupations. — The principal occupations of these Indians are tishing, hunting and agriculture ; a little mixed farming being done by each family. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Nearly all of them have comfortable dwellings, and good outbuildings, which they keep in good repair ; their farm im- plements are suitable for their requirements, and are well cared for. Their stock is of good breed and well cared for. Education. — A lively interest is taken by them in education ; many of their children attend St. Mary^s Mission boarding school. Religion. — They are mostly Roman Catholics, a few being members of the Angli- can Church. All attend church regularly. Characteristics and Progress. — They are an industrious and good people, and live harmoniously with their white neighbours. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. HOPE BAND. Reserve. — These Indians occupy a reserve about one hundred miles from the mouth of the Fraser river, on the north bank of the same, comprising an area of four- teen hundred acres. Vital Statistics. — The band has a population of eighty-six, a decrease of one since last census. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good during the year ; their village is kept clean, and most of them have been vaccinated. 1 ERASER RIVER AGENCT, B.C. 265 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Occupations. — They engage chiefly in agriculture and fishing, each family does more or less mixed farming, and fruit-culture is also carried on to quite an extent, as is also poidtry-raising. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have comfortable dwellings, and fairly good barns and outhouses ; they talce good care of their cattle and horses, and put up a good supply of fodder to last them during the winter ; they also have a good supply of farm implements, including a threshing-machine. Education. — The greater number of the younger members of this band have been educated at St. Mary's Mission boarding school ; they manifest a keen interest in education. Eeligion. — Most of these Indians are Roman Catholics ; they have a nice church on their reserve, where they attend service regularly. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and law-abiding, and live better and more like the white man than any other band in the district. The chief of the band, Pierre Ayessik, is a man of more than average intelligence, and to him is due the credit, in a great measure, for the advanced state of the Hope Indians. Temperance and Morality. — They are a temperate, moral, good people. HOMALKO AND KLAHOOSE BANDS. Reserves. — The reserves of these bands are situated in the vicinity of Bute inlet and Malaspjua straits; they contain a total area of four thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight acres. Vital Statistics, — These bands have a population of one hundred and sixty ; there were five births and three deaths during the year and no other change in popu- lation. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; their vil- lages are kept clean and in a sanitary condition, and vaccination has been duly at- tended to from time to time. Occupations. — Fishing, hunting, farming and logging constitute the occupations of these Indians, their farming being on a small scale. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Their buildings are mostly good frame dwellings, a few being of the old-time type ; they do not house their stock, which manages to get along fairly well, as the climate is less severe in winter than in many parts of the agency. They keep no horses and possess no implements except those used by hand. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics, and have a nice church at Squirrel Cove and another at the mouth of Bute inlet, which they attend regularly. Characteristics and Progress. — They are a simple-minded, good people, and as a rule provide for their every requirements, seldom asking for assistance. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral, not a half-breed being in their band. KATSEY BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the north bank of the Fraser river, about ten miles from 'New Westminster. It contains three hundred and eighty- five acres. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is seventy-nine; there was one death and two births during the year. Health and Sanitation.— The health of these Indians has been good ; their village is kept clean and in a sanitary condition, and vaccination has been attended io from time to time. Occupations. — The chief occupations of these Indians are fishing, hunting and farming, each family doing a little mixed farming. 266 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have fairly good dwellings, barns and outbuildings ; their stock is well cared for, as are also their farm implements. Education. — They send their children to St. Mary's Mission boarding school, and manifest much interest in their education. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics, and have a small church on their reserve, where divine service is held regularly. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and law-abiding and are continuing to improve. Temi>erance and Morality. — They are a temperate and moral people, very few of them having any desire for liquor. LANGLEY AND WHARNOCK BANDS. Reserves. — The reserves of these bands are situated, the former on MacMillan island in the Fraser river, about twenty miles east of New Westminster ; and the latter on the north bank of the Fraser river about twenty-four miles east of New Westminster ; they contain a combined area of one thousand four hundred and iifty- two acres. Vital Statistics. — The population of these two bands is sixty-two, there being no change in population since last census. Health and Sanitation. — Their health has been good ; their village is kept clean and in a sanitary condition and vaccination has been attended to. Occupations. — They do more or less mixed farming, and fish for the canneries during the salmon-canning season. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They nearly all have comfortable dwellings, good barns and outbuildings, which are kept in good repair and clean ; their horses and cattle are of good breed and are well eared for, as are also their farm implements. Education. — Many of them have been educated at St. Mary's Mission boarding school, in which they take much interest. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics and attend to their religious duties faith- fully ; they have a small church on each reserve, where they attend regularly. Temperance and Morality. — They are a temperate, moral people, and are not addicted to the use of liquor. MUSQUEAM BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the north arm of the Fraser river, and about one mile from its mouth ; it contains an area of four hundred and fifty-two acres. Vital Statistics. — This band has a population of ninety-seven, a decrease of one since last census. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; their village is kept clean and in a sanitary condition and most of them have been vaccinated from time to time. Occupations. — They all do more or less mixed farming, and also fish for the salmon canneries during the canning season. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They all have comfortable dwellings, with fairly good barns and outbuildings ; their horses and cattle are well taken care of, as are also their farm implements. Education. — Some of the Indians send their children to the Coqualeetza Institute, others to St. Mary's Mission and Kuper Island schools. Religion. — They are mostly Roman Catholics ; some few being Methodists. Characteristics and Progress. — They are an industrious and law-abiding people and are making steady progress. i FRA8ER RIVER AGENCY, B.C. 267 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Temperance and Morality. — They are on the whole temperate and moral, and are overcoming the old appetite for strong drink. MATSQUI BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the south bank of the Fraser river about thirty miles from 'New Westminster, and contains an area of one thousand and seventy-two acres. Vital Statistics. — This band has a population of forty-six ; there were no changes during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; their village is kept clean and is in a sanitary condition ; vaccination has been duly attended to. Occupations. — They all do more or less mixed farming, and fish for the salmon canneries during the canning season. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Most of them have comfortable dwell- ings, with fairly good barns and outbuildings ; their horses and cattle receive good care, as do also their farm implements. Education. — These Indians take an active interest in educational matters, the younger members of the band having from time to time attended the St. Mary's Mis- sion boarding school. Religion. — They ai'e all Roman Catholics and are close attendants at their church. Temperance and Morality. — They are a temperate and moral people. NEW WESTMINSTER BAND. Reserves. — These Indians have reserves at New Westminster and Brownsville, respectively, comprising an area of thirty-two acres. Vital Statistics. — The population of the band is sixty-five ; there was only one death and one birth during the year and no other change in population. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; they have all been vaccinated from time to time, and their reserves are kept clean and in a sani- tary condition. Occupations. — They supply a large part of the fish and game required for the local market, and perform sundry services for the white people of the city. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have comfortable dwellings ; some own houses outside the reserve, on which they pay taxes ; at Brownsville soaie small patches of land are cultivated, while gardens are to be found on the reserve near the city. Quite a number of cows are kept by these Indians. Education. — They manifest a keen desire to give their children an education. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics and have a nice church on their reserve at Brownsville, where they attend regularly. Temperance and Morality. — With but few exceptions in the case of those who still retain the appetite for strong drink, they are a temperate and moral people. NICOMEN AND SKWEAHM BANDS. Reserves. — These Indians occupy two reserves on the north bank of the Fraser river, about forty-four miles from New Westminster, comprising an area of six hun- dred and thirty-six acres. Vital Statistics.- — The population of these two bands is forty-six ; there were no changes during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; their villages are kept clean and in a sanitary condition, and vaccination has been attended to from time to time. 268 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Occupations. — Farming and fishing are their chief occupations ; most of them do more or less mixed farming, and during the salmon-canning season they fish for the canneries. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements.— They have fairly good dwellings, barns and outbuildings, and take care of their stock and also of their farm implements. Education. — They do not trouble much about educational matters ; very few of them can either read or write. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics, but are a difficult people to interest in religion. Characteristics and Progress. — They are a simple-minded people, and follow old customs in many respects ; hence their progress is retarded as compared with that of other bands ; however, they are making some progress in the face of this. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly moral, but most of them are fond of liquor. SEMIAHMOO BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band borders on the international boundary line, and fronts on Semiamu bay; it contains an area of three hundred and ninety -two acres. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is thirty ; there was one birth and one death during the year and no other change in population. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good during the year ; most of them have been vaccinated from time to time, and their village is kept clean and in a sanitary condition. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Nearly all of these Indians have com- fortable dwellings, with good barns and stables, which they keep in good repair ; their cattle and horses are well cared for, as are also their farm implements. Education. — Only a few of them can either read or write ; they do not seem to take much interest in education. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics, and have a small church on their re- serve. Characteristics and Progress. — They are an easy-going and harmless people, who give very little trouble. Temperance and Morality. — They are, on the whole, temperate and moral ; but owing to their close proximity to the American boundary line, they are subject to great temptation as to securing liquor ; however, there is no great reason for com- plaint. OHAMIL BAXD. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the south bank of the Fraser river, about seventy-four miles east of New Westminster, and contains an area of six hundred and twenty-nine acres. Vital Statistics. — This band has a population of fifty-seven ; there were no changes in population during the year. Health and Sanitation.— The health of these Indians has been good ; their vil- lage is kept clean and in a sanitary condition, and they have been vaccinated from time to time. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — These Indians all have fairly good dwellings, barns and outbuildings, which they keep in good repair ; their cattle and horses are of good breeds and are well cared for. Occupations. — Farming and fishing are the chief occupations of this band ; most of them do more or less mixed farming. i FRASER RIVER AGENCY, B.C. 269 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Education. — They take an active interest in education ; most of the children of school age attend the Indian boarding school at St. Mary's Mission. Religion. — They manifest much interest in spiritual matters and have two small churches on their resei-ve ; one Anglican and one Roman Catholic. Characteristics and Progress. — They are an industrious and law-abiding people and get along well with all those with whom they have dealings. Temperance and Morality. — They are a temperate and moral people. POPCUM AXD SQUAWTITS BAXDS. Reserves. — The i-eserves of these bands are situated on the south bank of the Fraser river about sixty-five miles east of New Westminster, and contain a combined area of five thousand three hundred and twenty-six acres. Vital Statistics. — The population of these two bands is fifty-five ; there was one ' death and no births during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these bands has been good and most of the Indians have been vaccinated from time to time, and their villages are kept clean and in a sanitary condition. Occupations. — Fishing and farming are their chief occupations; their farming is of the mixed variety. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Most of them have fairly good dwell- ing's and outbuildings, which they keep in good, repair ; their horses and cattle are well cared for, as are also their farm implements. Education. — They take a lively interest in educational matters, most of the par- ents being anxious to send their children to school. Religion. — They belong to the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Methodist Churches respectively. Each has its own church, and the Indians attend the same regularly. Characteristics and Progress. — They are an easy-going people and are easy to get along with. Temperance and Morality. — They are both temperate and moral, a few only being fond of liquor. SECHELT BAND. Reserve.— The reserve of this band is situated on Sechelt peninsula, Malaspina straits, and contains an area of eighteen hundred acres. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is two hundred and thirty-six ; there were five births and five deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; their village is kept clean and in a sanitary condition, and most of them have been vaccinated from time to time. Occupations. — Fishing, hunting and hand-logging constitute the chief occupations of these Indians ; they nearly all do more or less gardening. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They all have comfortable dwellings, which are kept in good repair ; their stock runs at large the yeaj.- round and does fairly well. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics, and have an exceptionally fine church on their reserve, in which they take much interest. Characteristics and Progress. — They are a simple, kind people, strictly honest, and easy to get along with. Temperance and Morality.— They are a temperate and moral i)eople, amongst whom drunkenness is unknown. 270 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 SUMASS BAND. Reserve. — The reserves of this band are situated at Miller's landing on the south bank of the Fraser river, and at Upper Sumass on Sumass lake ; and contain an area of thirteen hundred and seventy acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is fifty ; there vpere no changes during the year. Health and Sanitation.^ — Their health has been good during the year; all the Indians have been vaccinated from time to time, and their villages are kept clean and in a sanitary condition. Occupations. — Mixed farming, fishing and hunting are their chief occupations. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They all have fairly good dwellings, bams and outbuildings ; their stock are of good breeds, and are well cared for, as also are their farm implements. Education. — Only a few of them have ever attended any school, and they do not take much interest in education. Religion. — They belong to the Methodist and Roman Catholic Churches, respec- tively, and take much interest in religious matters. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. SLIAMMON BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on Malaspina straits, and contains an area of four thousand seven hundred and twelve acres. Vital Statistics. — This band has a population of one hundred, and four ; there were two deaths and four births during the year and no other changes in population. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; their village is kept clean and in a sanitary condition, and they have been vaccinated from time to time. Occupations. — The chief occupations of these Indians are hunting, fishing and hand-logging ; only a little gardening being done by each family. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have fairly good dwellings, which they are improving from year to year ; their stock is of fair breed, and runs at large the 5'ear round and does fairly well. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics, and are attentive to their religious duties. Characteristics and Progress. — They are a very honest people and are obedient to authority. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and strictly moral. SKAWAHLOOK BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the north bank of the Fraser river, between Ruby creek and Hope ; it contains an area of one hundred and ninety- six acres. Vital Statistics. — This band has a population of twenty-two ; there was one death during the year and no other change in population. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; their village is kept clean and in a sanitary condition, and vaccination has been duly attended to. Occupations. — Mixed farming, fishing and hunting are the occupations of these people. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements.^ — Tbey have fairly good dwellings, barns and outbuildings, and take good care of their stock during the winter, as also of their farm implements. 1 FRA8ER RIVER AGENCY, B.C. 271 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics, and are attentive to their religious duties ; they have a small church on their reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — They are a simple-minded people, obedient to au- thority, and live on the best of terms with those with whom they come in contact. Temperance and Morality. — They are a temperate and moral people. TCHEWASSAN BAND, Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the gulf of Georgia, near Point Roberts, and contains an area of six hundred and four acres. Vital Statistics. — The band has a population of forty-six ; there were two births and onei death during the year, and no other changes in population. Health and Sanitation. — Their health has been good ; nearly all of them have been vaccinated, and their village is kept clean and in a sanitary condition. Occupations. — Farming, fishing and hunting are their chief occupations ; being near the salmon canneries, they make considerable money at fishing during the canning season. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have fairly good dwellings, barns and outbuildings ; their stock is of good breed, and they have good farm implements, which they properly care for. Education. — Only a few of them ever received any education ; some few of their children have been sent to Kuper Island and St. Mary's Mission schools. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics, but are not much given to religious ideas ; they attend church at Brownsville at Christmas and Easter, as a rule. Characteristics and Progress. — They are a simple, good people who generally have plenty, according to their own ideas, and take little thought 'for the morrow. Temperance and Morality. — They are a moral people, but are very fond of liquor, and will get it at every opportunity. YALE BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the Eraser river, about one hun- dred and twelve miles from its mouth, and contains eleven hundred acres. Vital Statistics. — The population of the band is eighty-five ; there were no changes during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; all of them have been vaccinated from time to time, and their villages are kept clean and in a sanitary condition. Occupations. — Farming, fishing and hunting are their chief occupations ; a few v/ork as section-hands on the Canadian Pacific railway. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have fairly good dwellings, barns and outbuildings ; they take good care of their stock as also of their farm implements. Education. — They take a good deal of interest in the education of their children ; many of whom attend All Hallows school at Yale. Religion. — These Indians are Roman Catholics and Anglicans, the former pre- dominating in numbers. Characteristics and Progress. — They are a simple-minded, good people, and get along well with their white neighbours. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. GENERAL REMARKS. Having only recently taken charge of the important work devolving upon the Indian agent of this agency, I regret having had to compile this report largely from records left by my predecessor, the late Frank Devlin, Esq., as time w^as not at my dis- 272 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 posal to permit of visiting the numerous bands personally and gathering many notes of interest in connection with the advancement of the Indians. However, enough has been seen to satisfy me that they are making, many of them, rapid progress along the line of civilization, and becoming useful and self-supporting people. They have much good land given them, and are, in many parts of the agency, applying themselves nobly along the line of getting it into condition to be of practical use to them and their offspring. In the agency are also some excellent educational institutions, such as the Co- qualeetza Institute, at Chilliwack, the largest industrial school in the province, and such excellent boarding schools as St. Mary's, Squamish, and All Hallows, at St. Mary's Mission, Squamish Mission and Yale, respectively ; the good results from all of which cannot be over-estimated. I have, &c., R. C. McDOi^ALD, Indian Agent. British Columbu, Kamloops-Okanagan Agency, Kamloops, August 13, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the affairs of this agency for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The Kamloops-Okanagan agency is located in and scattered over the greater portion of Yale district, immediately north of the international boundaiy line; the district contains approxircfately twenty-four thousand square miles. The agency contains an aggregate acreage of three hundred and thirty-three thousand five hundred and seventy acres. Tribe or Xation. — The Indians are said to belong to the Salish and Tinneh na- tions. Locally they are classified as Thompson River, Shuswap, and Okanagan tribes, and speak in dialects known by these terms. Most of the younger ones understand and speak English fairly well. Natural Subdivisions. — The agency is divided naturally by the rivers which drain it, into the Fraser, Thompson, Nicola, Similkameen and Okanagan districts. Adam's lake or haltkam band. Reserves. — The i*eserves of this band are situated near the foot of Little Shus- wap lake, and at Adam's lake. They contain an ai-ea of seven thousand one hundred and eighty-eight acres, comprising agi'icultural, grazing and timber lands. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and eighty-nine. There have been seven deaths and nine births during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians during the year has been good. No epidemic has appeared among them, and they have had little medical attend- ance. A great majority of them have been vaccinated from time to time ; they keep their houses and persons fairly clean. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians, since procuring water for irrigation purposes, have devoted themselves largely to farming, for which pui^pose a consider- I KAMLOOPS-OKAXAGAN AGEXCY, B.C. 273 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 able portion of their laud, is well adapted. They raise hors^ and oaiTie.. and add to these industries by tishing-, hunting and. working as labourers in different capacities. Buildings. — Their houses and other building's are mostly of logs, and, while com- fortable enough, they are not of a very good quality. They have under consideration the means of procuring lumber and improving" these. Stock. — These Indians have good horses for farm and saddle purposes, which they continue to improve, and some cattle and other domestic, stock. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with farm implements and machinery of nearly every kind usually found on well regulated and up-to-date farms, self- binders, mowers, horse-rakes, disc-harrows, ploughs, wagons, democrats, and a small threshing-machine. Education. — There are no schools among them. Some children have attended the industrial school at Kamloops, and some have been taught to read and write short- hand Chinook. Keligion. — They all belong to the Eoman Catholic Church, have one church build- ing, and are religiously inclined. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are very industrious, and have made rapid progress in farming in recent years. They are law-abiding, peaceable people. Temperance and Morality. — They are usually temperate and moral. It is rarely that any of them indulge in intoxicants. ASHCROFT OR STLAHL BAXD. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, three in ntxmber, are located on a plateau on the right bank of the Thompson rivex', opposite to the town of Ashcroft, and at Mc- Lean's lake. They contain an aggregate area of five thousand two hundred and forty- three acres, combining agricultural, grazing and timber lauds. Vital Statistics. — The population is fifty. There were two births and two deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of these Indians has heexi fair. Xo epidemic has appeared among them. Sanitary precautions are fairly well observed. The Indians have been vaccinated. Their dwelling-houses are mostly deserted in the warm season, and their drinking water is good. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians carry on a system of mixed farming and stock-raising. The supply of water tor irrigation is too limited for exten-ive farming. They also fish and hunt, and are employed as freighters and packers, and as labourers on farms, and as cowboys. Buildings. — They have log buildings mostly of the early class of such. A few fairly good dwellings have been more recently constructed. Stock. — Tbey have some good horses for farming and team work, and others suitable for pack and riding purposes ; also some cattle. Farm Implements. — They are fairly well supplied with farm implements for their requirements. Education. — They have no system of education among them. Religion. — They all belong to the Anglican Church; they have one substantial log church and take a lively interest in religious matters. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are fairly industrious, but as they work quite largely for wages, they do not as a rule accumulate much. CornwalFs Harry and Louie, two Indians who settled many years ago on land outside of the reserve, have within the year been granted homestead entries for their places, on which they had made considerable improvements ; they are progressive Indians, Tlie band has improved the reserve very much by fencing and they expect to make some arrangements whereby their water-supply will be increased. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are fairlv temperate and moral. 27— i— 18 274 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 BONAPARTE OR TLUHTAUS BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, five in number, are located on the Thomp- son and Bonaparte rivers, on Hat creek and at Loon hike. They contain six thousand one hundred and thirteen acres approximately. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and fifty-eight. There have been four births and five deaths during the year. flealth and Sanitation. — The general health has been usually good. No contagi- ous disease has broken out among them. Many of them have been vaccinated ; their houses, as to cleanliness and ventilation, are not up to the average of Indian houses. In the summer season the houses are not in constant occupation. Resources and Occupations. — They raise some farm produce, chiefiy on Hat creek, have a good-sized herd of horses and some cattle, but they depend more for a living on fishing and hunting, working as labourers and cowboys, with their horses, for white settlers, than on what they can produce from their small farms. Buildings. — They have log buildings of an inferior class. More recently the chief has built a fairly good dwelling, and they have an imposing church edifice, which gives a better appearance to their village. Stock. — They have a number of horses, some suitable for farm purposes, but mostly a fair class of saddle horse ; and some cattle. Farm Implenients. — They have farm implements suited to their present needs. Education. — They have no means of education other than that afforded some of them at the Kamloops industrial school, and the instruction some of them have re- ceived in shorthand Chinook. Religion. — They all belong to the Roman Catholic Church, and they devote con- siderable attention to church m.atters. Characteristics and Progress. — Many of these Indians are good workers' but they are nomadic in their habits, never continuing long at one occupation, and consequently have not laid up much for a future time. They made a fair start last winter in the direction of fencing and otherwise improving the reserve at Bonaparte. Temperance and Morality. — They have in the past been too much addicted to the use of intoxicants, when they could be procured, and unfortunately in their position, such were too easily obtainable. A year or so ago an extra constable was appointed by the provincial government at Ashcrof t, who does patrol duty, and appears to be a suit- able man. The condition of the Indians has in consequence much improved. BOOTHROYD (SUUK, KAMOOS, NKATSAM AND CHINOOK) BAMU. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, ten in number, are located chiefly on the left bank of the Fraser river. They contain an area of one thousand six hundred and sixty acres. A small portion of this land, chiefly about Nkatsam, when cleared, pro- duces good crops. The greater portion of the land is heavily timbered and rocky. Vital Statistics. — There have been four births and seven deaths during the year. The population is now one hundred and fifty-six. Health and Sanitation. — There has been no epidemic among these Indians ; they have been vaccinated and their houses are fairly clean and well ventilated. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians raise considerable quantities of hay, vegetables and fruit on their small farms. They procure large qviantities of fisli and do considerable hunting and trapping ; they also mine quite extensively and work as labourers on the railway and otherwise. Buildings.— They have a fair class of log houses, which they keep improving. Stock. — They have some small horses, used for riding and packing, and a better class of cattle than usually found among Indians on this section of the Fraser river. Farm Implements. — Their requirements in this respect are pretty well supplied. Education. — Thev have no means of education. i KAM LOOP^^-OKAXAGAX AGENCY, B.C. 275 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Religion. — All but three ot" these Indians belong to the Angliean Church, xuree are Roman Catholics. They have one small church-building, much improved during the year, and they are good-living people. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are very industrious and good work- ers. As such they are very highly spoken of by employers. Those living at Nkatsam are comparatively well-to-do and always appear to have money. Temperance and Morality. — They are an exceptionally temperate and moral people. BOSTON BAR BAXU. Reserves. — The reserves of this band number seven, located around Boston Bar, Xorth Bend and Scaucy. They contain six hundred and twenty-eight acres. They consist of small patches of tillable land, the rest being rocks and timber. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and fifty-three. There have been six births, and twelve deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation, — No epidemic has visited these Indians, and for the most part, especially those living in the vicinity of North Bend^ they keep their houses very clean and well ventilated. The large percentage of deaths arises apparently from natural causes. These Indians get little medical attendance or medicines. Sanitary conditions generally are good. Resources and Occupations.- — These Indians produce hay, fruit and vegetables. They depend more, however, on mining, fishing and hunting, working on the railway, and basket-making among the women, for a living. Buildings. — About Xorth Bend the Indians have a rather good class of buildings. The majority of them being frame ; in other places they are not so good, although con- siderable improvement has recently been made. Stock. — They have a number of saddle and pack horses, but very few cattle. They are unable to provide winter feed for stock, and winter most of their horses in the Nicola country. Farm Implements. — They haA-e enough for theii- needs. Education. — Some have been eduicated at the industrial school at Kamloops ; otherwise they have no meaiis of education. Religion. — They are about evenly divided between Roman Catholics and Angli- cans. The latter have a good church at North Bend and all evince considerable in- terest in church matters. Characteristics and Progi-ess. — They are steady, good-working Indians, but are unable to make much progi-ess in the direction of acquiring wealth. Chief George, of North Bend, appears in the lead in this respect. Temperance and Morality. — In these respects they compare well with other bands. cook's ferry baxd. Reserves.— The reserves of this band, numbering fifteen, are located on both banks of the Thompson river, around Cook's Eerry and vSpatsum, and in Tuile and High- land valleys. They consist of bench-lands along the river, containing farming and grazing lands, with sparsely timbered land higher up, and some meadow-land in the valleys. The aggregate is nine thousand one hundred and ten acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is two hundred and five. There have been six births and five deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has visited the band and the general health has been good. The Indians have been vaccinated, and sanitation is good. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians carry on mixed farming and stock- raising, fish and hunt a little, and work as labouring hands on farms and on the rail- way, and as cowboys. In the immediate vicinitv of Cook's Eerrv the soil is too dry 27— i— 18* 276 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 for successful crop-growing. Fuither up the river, on Pemynoos resei-ve, conditions are better, and considerable produce is grown. Buildings. — Their buildings are mostly of logs, and while fairly comfortable, cannot be classed as good. Stock. — They possess a fairly good lot of horses for farming and saddle i'ur- poses, and some of the Indians have nice herds of cattle and some pigs and sheep. Farm Implements.-^— They are well provided with farm implements. Education. — There is no system of education among them. Religion. — They all belong to the Anglican Church. They have two church build- ings— one at Cook's Ferry and one at Pemynoos — and they take an active interest in church matters. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious. Around Cook's Ferry they do not make much progress. On Pemynoos some of them are well-to-do.' Kyume and Johnny Pasco have more stock and are in advance of the others in farming. The Indians are law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are temperate and moral. DEADMAX S CREEK OR STICHISTAX BAND. Reserve.— The reserve of this baiid is situated on Deadman's creek. It couLains an area of twenty thousand one hundred and thirty-four acres, composed of farming, fine grazing and timber lands. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and sixteen. There have been six births and three deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good, and no infectious disease has appeared among them. The Indians have been vaccinated. Their houses are too small, and being mud-roofed for the most part, do not admit of good ventil- ation. During the heat of summer they are not much occupied and their sanitary conditions are good. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians farm a little, raise some stock, chiefly horses, fish and hunt, and work as day labourers. The chief occupation of the younger men is that of cowboys, and they are good at the work. Buildings. — Their buildings are of logs, and all the older ones are mud-roofed. A number of them might be classed as huts. They are warm in the winter, but do not admit of good ventilation. Lately a few substantial, shingled houses have been built. Stock. — They have a fair number of horses, a few being suitable for farming and teaming, but the majority ave good saddle horses. They also raise cattle. Farm Implements. — They have sufficient fai*m implements. Education. — They have no schools. Several children have attended the Karaloops industrial school, and some can write shorthand Chinook. Religion. — They all belong to the Roman Catholic Church ; they have one fairly good church-building, and attend service regularly. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians have not enjoyed the reputation of being industrious, though they have been considered good cowboys, as nearly all Indians are. During the past two years they have shown a disposition to devote themselves more to farming, and there has become a very marked improvement in the appearance of their reserve. An irrigation ditch of nearly three miles has been built, land cleared and cropped and a large extent of fencing done. Temperance and Morality. — In the matter of abstaining from intoxicants these Indians are a long way in advance of a few years ago. For the past year there has been nothing serious in this respect to complain of. i EAMLOOPS-OKAXAGAN AGENCY, B.C. 277 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 KAMLOOPS BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, numbering five, are situated mainly at the conduence of the North and South Thompson rivers, immediately opposite the city of Kamloops, They contain an area of thirty-three thousand three hundred and seventy- nine acres, comprising good agricultural, grazing, meadow and timber lands. Vital Statistics. — The population is two hundred and forty-three. There have been ten births and eight deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of these Indians has been usually good. 'No epidemic has prevailed. They have been vaccinated and sanitai'y conditions are favourable. Care is taken in spring to remove and burn any accumulation of garb- age which may have collected about the village during the winter season. They are building larger houses, better ventilated and divided into compartments. Cleanliness in houses and persons is receiving more attention. The sources of water-supply are running streams which are free from impurities. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians grow considerable hay and vegetables, raise stock, chiefly horses, fish and hunt, and work ay far/n labourers and cowboys, in the latter occupation employing their horses. Buildings. — The older class of their buildings was of a rather poor order. More recent ones are of better design and more up-to-date, being shingle-roofed, larger in every respect and better lighted and ventilated. A good deal of attention is now being given to improvement in this direction. Stock. — They have large herds of horses, which are becoming much improved ; and some cattle. The demand for horses of all classes here has been very good, and the Indians have taken the opportunity to dispose of a good many of their smaller stock. Farm Implements. — They have a good supply of wagons, democrats, buggies, ploughs, mowers, horse-rakes, harness and saddles. Education. — A good many children have attended and are attending the industrial school on the reserve. Religion. — They all belong to the Roman Catholic Church ; they have one fine church-building, and are faithful adherents. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are fairly industrious, but travel about a good deal and spend, as they go, consequently they have never much in store for a rainy day. They succeed in making a comfortable living. Temperance and Morality. — Too many of these Indians have acquired a fondness for intoxicants, and whenever possible they will procure such. I am, however, pleased to report that the nuisance has been kept pretty well under control by the authorities, assisted by the better class of Indians themselves ; and that in the great majority of cases where liquor has been supplied, the offenders have been brought to speedy trial and conviction ; old Chief Louie has rendered valuable assistance. These Indians are fairly moral in other respects. KANAKA BAR BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, four in number, are located on both banks of the Fraser, ten miles below Lytton. Their area is five hundred arid nine acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is fifty-six. There have been two births and two •deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good ; no epidemics have appeared among them. Their houses are small and not well ventilated, nor are they as well kept as many Indian houses. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians can produce very little from the soil. Fishing and mining are their chief occupations. Buildings. — They have a comparatively poor class of log buildings. 278 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Stock.— They have a few horses for saddle and packing purposes and a few eattJe. Farm Implements. — They are supplied with implements for their requirements. Education. — They have no means of education. Eeligion. — They all belong to the Anglican Church. They have no church build- ing. When they can, they attend at Lytton. Characteristics and Progress. — A niimber of them are hard workers in those pur- suits which they follow, but they are unable' to make much progress. They are in- offensive and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral, LYTTON BAXD. Reserves. — The reserves, twenty-seven, of this band, which is composed of several small bands, are dotted along both banks of the Eraser from Lytton to Nesikeep, twenty-five miles above. The combined area is ten thousand two hundred and ninety- two acres, composed of table-land and mountain slopes, where cereals, vegetables and fruits grow well with irrigation. Further up from Lytton there is a fair amount of pasturage. Vital Statistics. — The population numbers four hundred and sixty-five. There have been eighteen births and sixteen deaths during the year. • Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has visited these Indians. They have been vaccinated. Their houses for the most part are roomy, well ventilated and lighted and clean. Sanitary conditions are pretty well observed and water is pure. Eesources and Occupations. — These Indians are able to produce a good deal of grain, hay, vegetables and fruit. They raise considerable stock, and fish, hunt, mine and work in various ways as labourers, fi'eighters and section-hands. Buildings. — They have a very fair class of buildings, among them a number of frame ones. Stock, — They have horses — some good work horses — but mostly of lighter build, for pack and saddle purposes, and some cattle. Farm Implements. — They have a good supply of such. Education, — They have no means of education, except that afforded by an attend- ance at All Hallows. Yale, and St. George's school, the latter recently started, near Lytton. Religion. — They all belong to the Anglican Church. Their chief building is at Lytton. They are very attentive. Characteristics and Progress. — They are mostly very industrious Indians and they are making good progress in the cultivation of their land and improving their dwell- ings. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral, XICO^rEX BAND. Reserves. — The reserves, five in number, of this band are situated on both banks of the Thompson river between Lytton and Cook's Ferry. They contain an area of two thousand nine hundred and seventy-six acres, consisting of bench and mountain lands of poor quality. Vital Statistics.— The population i> forty-eight. There have been two deaths and two births during the year. Health and Sanitation. — Xo epidemic has visited these Indians and iheir general health has been good. Thoy have been vaccinated, and sanitary conditions are favourable. Resources and Oeeupatioiis.- — The-c Indians produce small quantities of grijin, hay and vegetables ; fish and hunt, and raise a little sioek. One of their chief means of living is mining for gold. , i KAMLOOPS-OKAXAGAX AGENCY, B.C. 279 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Buildings. — Their buildings are of logs, and oidy of fair (quality. Stock. — They have a limited number of pack and saddle ponies and a few cattle. Education. — They have no means of education. Religion. — They belong to the Anglican Church, but have no building. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious in their way, but little progress is apparent. Temperance and Moralitj-. — They are temperate and moral. XICOLA (LOWEH) BAM). Ke^serves. — The reserves of this band, to the number oi thirteen, are iocattd along the Nicola river from near its mouth to Nicola lake. Hamilton Creek reseive is also included. The total area is thirty-one thousand one hundred and ninety-one acres, containing a good percentage of agricultural and grazing lands. Vital Statistics. — The population is three hundred and sixty-live. There have been seventeen deaths and eighteen births during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of these Indians has been good. No contagious diseases have appeared among them. They have been vaccinated; their houses are well kept, and sanitary conditions generally are good. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians farm and raise stock extensively. They fish and hunt but little, and engage as labourers and cowboys. Their chief occupation, apart from tilling their farms, is freight-hauling, for which they are well equipped with horses and wagons. They do most of the freighting carried on between Cook's Ferry and Similkameen. Buildings. — They have a good class of buildings. Stock. — Thej' have good herds of superior horses. Some of them can turn out as fine a four-horse freight team as can be found anywhere. They have some fine stallions and mares for breeding purposes. They have also a number of good cattle. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with all kinds of farm implements usually required. Education. — No means of education exists among them. Religion. — The majority of them — two hundred and ten — are Anglicans, the remainder are Roman Catholics. The former have a good church at Mammet reserve, and a small one at Zoht. The Roman Catholics have no building. All manifest con- siderable interest in religious matters. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are very industrious. Those occupying the Mammet reserve are among the most advanced in the agency in the cultivation of their land. They are making substantial' progress and are improving their condition. They are law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly temperate and moral. MCOLA (ipper) or spahamin hwd. Reserves. — The reserves, eight in number, of this band are located near the head of Nicola lake and around Douglas lake. They have an area of thiriy thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight acres, comprising good farming land and some of the best grazing lands in the province. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and ninety-two. There have been eight births and two deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has visited these Indians and their general health has been good. Sanitary conditions are most favourable. They have been vaccinated. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians carry on mixed farming, and quite extensive stock-raising ; they fish and hunt to some extent, and engage in freighting, and as labourers and cowboys. 280 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Buildings. — liiey have a good class of buildings, and are improving the same. Stock. — They have large herds of superior horses, and good herds of well-bred cattle ; as good animals can be procured from these Indians as can be found anywhere in the country. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with all necessary farm implements. Education. — There are no schools among them. Some of them have been educated in the Kamloops industrial school. Religion. — They all belong to the Roman Catholic Church ; they have two good churches and they show a great interest in religious matters. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are very industrious and up-to-date. !^[auy of them are in consequence well-ofF. Johnny Chilliheetsa, the chief, a model Indian in every respect, has upwards of a thousand head of as good horses and cattle as can be found on the majority of stock ranches. Jimmy Michell is also a well-to-do Indian, and others in a lesser way could be mentioned. Temperance and Morality. — They are exceptionally temperate and moral. NESKAINLITH OR HALANT BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, numbering three, are located on the Thomp- son river near Shuswap lake. They have an area of six thousand nine hundred and ninety-six acres, composed of good agricultural, grazing and timber lands. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and fifty-four. There have been eight deaths and ten births during the year. Among the deaths was that of the chief, Leon. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good. No epidemic has ap- peared, and sanitary conditions are good. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians now farm extensively, and raise con- siderable stock. They fish and hunt to some extent and are employed as labourers in various ways. Farming is their chief means of living. Buildings. — They have a fair class of buildings 'and are improving the same. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with all modern farm implements and machinery. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are very industrious, up-to-date, peaceable and law-abiding. They have made very marked advancement in farming since the completion of the irrigation ditches. Temperance and Morality. — They are very temperate and moral. NORTH THOMPSON OR CHUCHUQUALK BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band are situated on the North Thompson river, about fifty miles from Kamloops. The total area is three thousand two hundred and thirty-nine acres, comprising good farming and timber lands. Health and Sanitation. — There has been no epidemic among these Indians. Their houses are not so roomy, well ventilated and kept as a majority of other bands. The Indians do not occupy them much during the warm season. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and thirty. There have been five births and four deaths during the year. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians farm to some extent, mostly hay and vegetables. TJiey have no convenient market for produce and raise some stock. Fish- ing and hunting, chiefly the latter, occupy much of their time as compared with other Indians, They are employed as packers, labourers and cowboys. Buildings. — They have a comparatively poor class of buildings. Some little im- provement is apparent lately. Lumber is a scarce article with them. Stock. — They possess a number of fairly good horses and cattle. Farm Implements. — They have sufficient farm implements. i KAMLOOPS-OKANAOAX AGENCY, B.C. 281 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Education. — They have v.o schools. Some have received instruction at the Kam- loops industrial school. Religion. — They all belong to the Eoman Catholic Church ; have one compara- tively good building, and are among the most faithful adherents. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious in their way, but somewhat. nomadic, roaming a good deal through the wilds of this country. They are making some progress in farming. They are a very peaceable and law-abiding people. Temperance and Morality. — They are a highly temperate and moral band, OKANAGAN OR NKAMAPLIX BAND. Reserves. — The reserves, ten in number, of this band are located around the head and both sides of Okanagan lake. They have an area of twenty-nine thousand seven huiidred and ninety acres, good farming and grazing land. Vital Statistics. — The population is two hundred and thirty-nine. There have been five births and four deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been veiy good and the death- rate unusually low. iNTo epidemic has prevailed. Sanitary conditions about their houses and villages are fair. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians farm very extensively ; fish a little, work as farm-hands and cowboys, and derive quite a revenue yearly from hop-picking in the vicinity ; they also raise considerable stock. They are the largest grain-pro- ducers in the agency. Buildings. — They have a very fair class of buildings, a good number of them frame. Stock. — They have numerous horses, adapted for all purposes, and some cattle. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with all kinds of fami implements, including self-binders and a steam thresher. ^ Education. — There are no schools among them. Some attend Kamloops industrial scliool. Religion. — All but one, the chief, Louis Jim, are considered Roman Catholics. The chief appears to have a form of religion of his own — semi-pagan and Christian. They have two churches at the head of the lake and one at Duck lake. Those of one section of them are strict adherents : those of another pay little attention to church matters. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are vei*y industrious, and they farm very well. Some of them are inclined to be wild, and infractions of the law have been somewhat frequent. They have improved considerably in this respect and have a whole- some dread of the consequences of disregarding the law. The profits from grain-grow- ing are not large, and consequently they do not do much beyond making a good living. Temperance and Morality. — Some of them have become addicted to the use of intoxicants when such can be procured. Infractions of the law in this respect, are, however, pretty well looked after and such offences kept at a minimum. The standard of morality among them is probably not above the average of Indians. OREGON JACK CREEK (PASCO NEPA) BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, numbering seven, are situated on both sides of the Thompson river, a short distance below Ashcroft and on Oregon Jack creek. The area is two thousand three hundred and eighty acres, mostly inferior in quality. Vital Statistics. — The population is twenty. There have been no births and no deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of these Indians has been good, and sanitation is also good. 282 DEPARTMEXT OF lyDIAX AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 Resources and Occupations. — These Indians raise some farm produce; they fish and hunt, and' work as labourers. Buildings. — They have a fair class of log buildings. Stock. — They have a fair proportion of stock, chiefly horses. Farm Implements. — They have sufficient implements. Education. — These Indians have no means of education. Religion. — They all l^elong to the Anglican Church. They have no building. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious, but are unable to produce much from their land. They make a comfortable living. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. OSOYOOS OR XKAMIP BAXD. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, two in number, are located at the head of Osoyoos lake and at the foot of Dog lake. They contain an area of thirty-two thous- and one hundred and sixty-eight acres, some fair farming and fruit-growing lands, but the greater portion grazing. Vital Statistics. — The population is sixty-five. There have been two birthc and no deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — Xo contagious disease has visited this band. The death- rate has been unusually low. Their houses are fairly clean and other sanitary con- ditions good. The Indians have recently been vaccinated. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians produce cereals, vegetables, and fruit and raise stock ; they fish and hunt, and work in various capacities. Buildings. — The older style of buildings are poor log structures. . More recent ones show a decided improvement. Stock. — These Indians have a good number of fair horses, and some cattle. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with farm implements. Education. — They have no schools. Religion. — They all l>elong- to the Roman Catholic Church, liave one I'hl-time building, and are strict observers of religious duties. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are fairly industrious. Some of them have nice fruit orchards, and raise considerable fruit, which commands a high price. Baptise and John Stilkiah are the best examples in this respect. These Indians are law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. PKXTICTON BAXD. Reserves.- — The reserves of thi- liand. numbering three, are located at the f-iot of Okauagan lake, Xo. 3, being on the west side of the lake twelve miles from No. 1 ; they contain good natural meadows, excellent farming and fruit-growing lands, and fine grazing lands. The total area is forty-eight thousand six hundred and ninety- four acres. Vital Statistics. — The population is one lumdred and forty-seven. There have been six births and four deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — ISTo epidemic has visited these Indians, and there has not been much sickness among them. Their houses are well kept, and sanitation is good. They have been vaccinated. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians engage in general farming, stock- raising and fruit-growing ; fish and hunt, freight and pack and work as labourers and cowboys. Buildings. — Their dwellings of the older class are btit medium. More recently some very neat and comfortable houses have been built. 1 KAMLOOPS-OKAXAGAX AGEyCT, B.C. 283 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Slock. — They possess a goodly number of fair-class horses for different purposes^ an-d cattle of good quality. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with farm implements. Education. — They have no schools. Religion. — They all belong to the lioman Catholic Church. Th.-y have one respectable church building, and show much interest in church matters. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and many of them aro well-to-do. They are located in the garden of the country. They are devoting considerable attention to fruit-growing. Their condition has very much improved within the last year or two, and better progress is being made. Temperance and Morality. — Their habits of temperance have become decidedly better, and they are a fairly moral people. SHU SWAP (little LAKE) OR KUANT BAND. Eeserves. — The reserves, five in number, of this band are located at the head of Little Shuswap lake and on Salmon Arm. Their total area is seven thousand eight hundred and forty acres, the larger proportion of which is timbered ; some open coun- try and grazing lands exist around the head of Little lake. Vital Statistics. — The population is eighty-three. There have been two deaths and three births during the year. Health and Sanitation. — There has been no contagious disease among them, and their health has been unusually good. Sanitary conditions are good and the Indians have been vaccinated. Eesources and Occupations. — These Indians farm a little, chiefly on land which they have cleared, raise some stock, hunt and fish ; sell wood from land wdiich they are cleaiing or hold under permit, and work as labourers in various ways. Buildings. — They have a good class of log and frame buildings. Stock. — They have a limited number of suitable horses, and a few cattle. Farm Implements. — They have a fair supply of farm implements. Education. — There are no schools among them. Eeligion. — They all belong to the Eoman Catholic Church ; have one excellent church-building, and are good attendants. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are very industrious ard law-abiding. They are making good progress in the clearing of farms for themselves, but they have not the advantages in this respect of many other Indians. Temperance and Morality. — They are a vei-y temperate and moral band. SIMILKAMEEN, LOWER AND UPPER B.4NDS (CHUCHUWAYHA, ASHNOLA AND SHENNOSQUANKIN). Eeserves.^The reserves of these bands, numbering seventeen, are located along the Similkameen river, from the boundary line to Princeton. The area of the lower leserves is nineteen thousand four hundred and seventy-two acres ; and that of the upper reserves is six thousand four hundred and thirty-eight, containing generally good bottom, bench and grazing lands. Vital Statistics. — The population of the Lower Similkameen is one hundred and thirty one. There have been two births and one death during the year. The population of the Upper Similkameen is fifty. There has been one birth and one death during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these bands has been good ; no epidemic has visited them. They have been vaccinated, and sanitation is good. Eesources and Occupations. — These Indian? farm and raise stock quite extensively, fish and hunt, freight and pack, and work as labourers and cowboys. Buildings. — They have a moderately fair class of buildings, mostly of logs. Lum- ber is now coming more into use in the construction of their dwellings. Stock. — They possess a number of good horses and cattle. Farm Implements. — They are supplied with all necessary farm implements. 284 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIBS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Eeligion. — They are all Roman Catholics ; they have two churches, one at Cliuohuwayha, and one at Shennosquaukin. and tht-y are religiovisly inclined. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and law-abiding ; they are making good progress in farming and stock-raising. In the latter occup- ation,, the brothers, William and Paul TeiTobaskett, and Ashnola John take the lead. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly temperate and moral. SISKA BAND. Reserves. — The reserves, seven in number, are located on the Fraser river, a short distance below Lytton. The area is five hundred and fifty nine acres, mostly unpro- ductive. Yital Statistics. — The population is thirty-two. There has been one birth and one death during the year. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has prevailed. Their houses are small and not well ventilated. They are not much occupied during the warm weather. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians produce little from their lands ; their chief occupations are fishing and mining. Buildings. — They have not a good class of buildings. Stock. — They have not much stock. The horses they have are for riding and packing. Farm Implements. — They have use for few. Eeligion. — They all belong to the Anaiican Church and they attend the church at Lytton, some six miles distant. Characteristics and Progress. — There are few able-bodied Indians among them, and they do little more than get a living. They are law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. SKUPPA BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band are on the left bank of the Fraser river, between Lytton and Siska. They have an area of two hundred and sixty-eight acres, and are capable of producing little. Vital Statistics. — The papulation is eighteen. Other statistics have been included in the Lytton band, with which they are identified. SPALLUMCHEEN BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, three in number, are located on the Spal- lumcheen and Salmon rivers. They contain an area of six hundred and seventy-nine acres, mostly agricultural and timbered lands. There are some good pasture-lands on Salmon river. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and forty. There have been eleven births and six deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has visited these Indians, their houses are well kept and sanitation is good. They have been vaccinated. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians farm extensively, and raise some stock, fish and hunt, and work as labourers in various ways. Their chief means of liv- ing is by farming. Buildings. — They have a good class of houses. Stock. — They have a good class of horses, suitable for farm work, and a few good catrle. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with modern farm implements and maohinery. Education. — They have no schools. i KAMLOOPS-OEAyAGAX- AGEXCY, B.C. 285 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 EeligioB. — They are all Koman Catholics ; have a good church-building and are a good-living people. Characteristics and Progress. — They are a very industrious band, and the most of them are comfortably well-off. They have adopted a civilized mode of life to a greater extent than any of the various bands in this agency. They are peaceable and law-abiding, associate and mingle more with the white population, and take an interest in sport and matters generally affecting the community. Temperance and Morality. — They are exceptionally temperate and moral. SPUZZUM BAND. Reserves. — The reserves, numbering six, of this band are on the Fraser river, some distance above Yale. They have an area of four hundred and fifty-six acres, contain- ing small patches of tillable land. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and sixty. There have been nine births and eight deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — Xo epidemic has visited them and generally their health has been good. They have been vaccinated. Their houses are clean and sanitation good. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians produce small quantities of hay, fruit and vegetables. Their chief occupations are fishing, mining and working on the rail- road. Buildings. — They have a fair class of dwelling-houses. Stock. — Their stock consists of a few small horses, for riding and packing, and a few cattle. Farm Implements. — They have sufficient implements for thier requirements. Education. — They have no schools on the reserve. Some have attended school at All Hallows, Yale, and a few have attended the public school established at Spuzzum station. They have made good progress, and are well-behaved and cleanly. Religion. — They are about equally divided between Roman Catholics and Angli- cans ; they have two church-buildings, and are a good-living people. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and law-abiding. Their means of acquiring a living are limited, and progress is consequently slow. Temperance and Morality. — They are xevj temperate and moral. COLDWATER BAND. Reserves. — The resenes of this band, three in number, are located on the Cold- water river, in Nicola valley. They have an area of six thousand two hundred and seventy-six acres, containing farming, grazing and timber lands. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and ten. There have been three deaths and one birth during the year. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has appeared among them, and the general health has been good. The Indians have been vaccinated, and the sanitation about their houses and village is good. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians farm and raise stock, fish and hunt, freight and pack, and work in various ways as labourers. Buildings. — They have a good class of buildings. Stock. — They have a number of good horses and cattle. Farm Implements. — They are well furnished with implements. Education. — They have no schools. Some have attended the Kamloops industrial school. Religion. — They all belong to the Roman Catholic Church ; have a good church- building, and are a very religious people. 286 DEPARTMEM OF INniAX AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Characteristics and Progress. — They are very industrious, steady and law-abiding Indians. Violation of the law is almost unknown among them. They are making good progress in fanning and improvements. Temperance and Morality. — They ai-e highly temperate and moral. GEXERAL REMARKS. The Indians throughout this agency are making steady progress in farming and stock-raising. They have as good a class of stock generally as the average seller, and take pride in having a good equipment. The Indian women as a rule are very in- dustrious and assist materially towards the maintenance of the household by the gathering and preserving, in season, of wild berries, which grow abundantly in all sec- tions ; by the manufacture of buckskin, and especially among the Fraser Indians of a very high grade of cedar-root basket, and by working as domestic servants for white settlers. The industrial school at Kamloops ha> been kept fully supplied with pupils, and has been conducted very efficiently by the Kev. A. M. Carion, principal, and the vari- ous departmental teachers and instructors under him. More particularly would I note the care and attention given to the girls attending this institution. I do not think an institution of this kind could be conducted under better management or kept in better order than this has been. The St. George's school for Indian boys, recently opened near Lytton, is an iip-to- date institution in every respect. The Lytton Indian hospital has received and cared for the usual number of patients. Indians who have occasion to go to this instituton, receive the best of skilled treatment and nursing. Dr. Wade, of Kamloops, is the monthly attending physician. The assistant missionary, Mr. Peigh, is a medical student, and renders much assist- ance to the Indians in districts where the services of a physician are not available ; nor must I omit to mention the unvarying effort of the Yen. Archdeacon Small, for the benefit, comfort and uplifting of the Indians. I have, &c., A. IRWIN, Indian Agent. British Columbia, KoOTEXAY AgEXCV., Fort Steele, July 27, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location of the Agencj'. — This agency is situated in the southeast portion of British Columbia, and is bounded on the north and east by the Rocky mountains, by the United States on the south, and on the west by the Okanagan agency. There are six reserves in this agency : the St. Mary's, Tobacco Plains, Columbia- Kootenay, Lower Kootenay, the Shuswap or Ivinbaskets, and the Arrow Lake reserve. There are also reserves surrovinding the industrial school and at the agency office at Fort Steele. i KOOTENAY AGENCY, B.C. 287 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ST. Mary's band. iteserve, — The St. Mary's reserve is situated ou the Kootenay river, at the mouth of the St. Mary, and has an area of seventeen thousand four hundred and twenty-five acres. Isidore's Eanch contains six hundred and eighty acres. C'assimayook's, in the Kootenay valley, between Fort Steele Junction and Ward- ner. has an area of one hundred and sixty acres. The hay reserve at the Bummer's i*'lat, on the left bank of the Kootenay river, contains one hundi^ed and ninety acres. The land reserved for the industrial school contains thirty-three acres, and that surrounding the agencj' office at Fort Steele, eleven and one-half acres. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band are Kootenays. Vital Statistics. — The population of the band is two hundred awl thirteen, show- ing an increase of seven. There were eight births and three deaths, and three joined the band during the year, and one left, having married into the Columbia-Kootenay band. Health and Sanitation. — With the exception of an epidemic of grippe at the in- dustrial school, the health of the Indians has been very good. The deaths that oc- curred were from ordinaiy causey. The Indians requiring vaccination were attended to. At the St. Eugene village the tistial spring cleaning was looked after and the re- fuse was removed and burned. A well was dug by the Indians at the village and a pump put in place, which now gives a good supply of pure water for those living there. Resources and Occupations. — Mafly of the Indians of the band are good farmers. They raise hay, grain and vegetables. A number follow stock-raising, cattle-herding, packing, fishing, hunting and trapping, and the majority make a fairly good living. The high price of fure for the past two years has helped tliem greatly. Btiildings. — The buildings on the reserve are of logs, but the Indians at the vil- lage have neat, well-built cottages, which are rapidly, taking the place of the unsightly shacks and give it a creditable appearance. Stock. — They have some good cattle, which are in demand by the local butchers, who are now paying fair prices for beef. They are steadily improving their horses by the introduction of better bred stallions. Farm Implements.— They are now fairly well furnished with farm implements, which they are adding to from time to time, as their means will permit. Education. — The Kootenay industrial school continues to do good work txndcr the guidance of the Rev. IST. Coceola, O.M.I., as principal and his assistants, the Sisters of Charity, who faithfully and zealously perform their several duties. The children are carefully looked after, and are happy and contented, and discipline is well maintained. The buildings and the grounds surrounding them are kept neat and clean. Marked progress was made during the year in class-room work, and gi-eat praise is due to the teachers for the excellent results. The boys are instructed in carpentry, painting, shoemaking, farming and garden- ing. The girls are taught housework, cooking, laundry work, sewing and knitting. Thsre is a brass band in connection with the instittttion, and the boj's are in- structed in music and perform very creditably. Several of the girls play fairly well on the organ. The parents of the children are greatly interested in their education, and visit the school from time to time. Religion. — The Indians of the band are Roman Catholics and attend services regat- Uirly at the beautiful little church of St. Eugene, at the Indian village. Tempc^rance and Morality. — They are very temperate and are a strictly moral P"ople. 288 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII,, A. ■i&04 TOBACCO PLAINS BAXD. Reserve. — The reserve is close to the international boundary, near the staie of Montana, and has an area of ten thousand five hundred and sixty acres. The land to- wards the southeast is rolling prairie, admirably adapted for stock-raising ; that near the village is comparatively level and can be easily cultivated, and good crops are raised by irrigation. Tribe. — The Indians of the band are Kootenays. Vital Statistics. — The population is sixty-two. There were four births and four deaths, and a family of six joined the band, making an increase of six. Health and Sanitation. — There was not much sickness amongst them during the year, and the deaths that occurred were from old age and consvunption. Resources and Occ^upations. — They follow farming, stock-raising, hunting and trapping. They raise good crops, of hay, grain and vegetables. They have neatly fenced farms and provide well for their cattle during the winter. Buildings. — Their dwellings are of logs, and a number of them are very comfort- able and are kept fairly clean. Farm Implements. — They are now well supplied with ploughs, harrows and mowers, and have purchased several sets of harness during the year. Religion. — They are Roman Catholics and attend the services of the church with great regularity. The new church was finished during the year and is a great improve- ment on the little log building formerly used, and is an ornament to the village. Characteristics and Progress. — During the past winter and spring, some new land was broken and inclosed by fencing, and the old fences were renewed and extended. The 'Indians are taking greater interest in fatming and are gradually dropping their nomadic habits. Temperance and Morality. — Owing to the proximity of the reserve to the inter- national boundary, these Indians are much exposed to the evils of intemperance, yet with the exception of one or two, they have proved themselves to be a law-abiding band, moral and temperate. LOWER COLUMBIA LAKE BAND. Reserve. — The reserve is situated in the beautiful valley of the Columbia, in one of the most picturesque sections of the district, between Lakes Fairmont and Winder- mere, backed by the Rocky mountains, and contains eight thousand four hundred and fifty six acres. The land has a gradual >lope towards Lake Windermere and is covered with sparsely scattered timber, which gives it a park-like appearance. It is well sup- plied with creeks running through it, which give an abundance of water for irrigation. Tribe or Xation. — The Indians of this band are Kootenays. Vital Statistics. — The population is now seventy-eight. There were five births and one death, and two joined the band, making an increase of six. ' Health and Sanitation. — There was very little sickness amongst them. Their dwe'lirgs are kept clean, they dress with comfortable warm clothing during the winter, and live very much like their white neighbours. Resources and Occupations. — The majority follow farming. They raise plenty of hay, grain and vegetables. Only a few follow hunting and trapping. They sold a ntimber of Indian ponies for exportation to the IN'orthwest Territories, where there is n great df mar.d for that class of horse. The s'ock ranges have been greatly improved by their removal, and the change for the better can be readily observed through the dis- trict. Buildings.^ — Owing to the high price of lumber and the diflSculty in getting it, very linle has been done to improve the dwellings and sheds, which are principally of logs. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with good wagons, ploughs, harrows, mowers and rakes, which they take good care of. 1 EOOTEXAY AGENCY, B.C. 289 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Eeligion. — Tliey are Eoman Catholics and ai-e most attentive and zealous in the observance of their religious duties. Characteristics and Progress. — They are good farmers and carefully look after their cattle in. winter. They have improved their stock by purchasing some good stal- lions and bulls, and a few years will show a change for the better amongst the herds. Temperance and Morality. — They are a moral and temperate band of Indians. LOWER KOOTENAY BAND. Keserve. — The reserve is in West Kootenay district, a few miles from the Idaho boundary- line, on the right bank of the Kootenay river, and has an area of one thou- sand eight hundred and thirty-one and a half acres. Tribe. — These Indians are Kootenays and speak the same language as those of Tobacco Plains and St. Mary's reserves. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and sixtj-eight, a decrease of four. There were three births and seven deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been fairly good ; the deaths that occurred -uere from old age and consumption. During the year a village- !-ite was selected on the beneh-Lmd and surveyed into lot?, where the sanitaiy conditions are much better than where the old village was on the low land near the Kootenay river. Resources and Occupations. — They depend chiefly on hunting, trapping and fish- ing, and a few of them find employment in packing to the mines. As the district abounds in wild fruit, they make a good income in picking and selling berries in the difl'erent towns around the lake. Buildings. — During the summer the majority live in tents, but they have a number of log buildings which they use in winter. It is their intention to build a number of new dwellings shortly at the village. Stock and Fann Implements. — They are devoting more attention to cattle-raising, and have now several small herds, which they put up hay for in the fall and look after a]:d feed during the winter. During the year, they sold a number of Indian ponies for shipment to the Northwest Territories, and with the money they purchased cattle and farm implements. Eeligion. — They are Eoman Catholics, and are zealous and attentive to their religious duties. A church was built during the year, which was opened for public worship recently. It is situated on the reserve, on the bench-land ; it is a very great improvement on the one formerly used, and is a credit to the energy of the Eev. N. Coccola, O.M.I., who supervised and directed its erection. Characteristics and Progress. — A number of these Indians are quite industrious and are good workers. During hay harvest, they find employment on the Eeclamation Company's farm, which is just opposite the reserve, and they appear to give satisfaction. A few work as wood-choppers, and others help at the saw-mill near the town of Creston. Temperance and Morality. — I am pleased to say that with a very few exceptions they are a temperate and a very moral band. SHUSWAP OR KINBASKET'S BAND. Eeserve. — The reserve is on the right bank of the Columbia river, opposite the mouth of Toby creek in the Windermere district, in JSTortheast Kootenay, and has an area of two thousand seven hundred and fifty-nine acres. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians are Shuswaps, and came several years a<>o from the Shuswap Lake countr?^ led by the old Chief Kinbasket, who settled with his people on the present reserve. They speak the Shuswap language, and most of them under- stand and speak English. 27— i— 19 290 ' DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRfi i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Vital Statistics. — The population of the band is f^fty-six, the same as last year. There were two births and no deaths. One woman married a white man and moved from the reserve, and another married one of the Columbia-Kootenay band. Health and Sanitation. — The Indians of this band have been free from sickness. They have good dwellings, which are kept neat and clean, and they have comfortable clothing, and copy closely the white man's mode of living. Eesources and Occupations. — The resources of this band are farming, stock-raising and freighting to and from the mines. A few hunt and trap during the winter, and others assist in herding and ' rounding up ' cattle. Buildings and Stock. — The dwellings are mostly frame buildings ; a few are of neatly hewn logs, and they have good barns and stables. They have several small herds of cattle amongst them, which they provide and care for in the winter. They have the best horses in the agency and are steadily improving them by the purchase of good stallions. Farm Implements. — These consist of a threshing-machine, self-binders, mowers, rakes, ploughs, harrows, and several good wagons and sleighs. Religion. — They are Koman Catholics, and strictly observe the rites and ordi- nances of their church. Characteristics and Progress. — They are the model farmers of the agency, as they are intelligent, industrious and enterprising, and do their work in a most credit- able manner. Their fences are well kept and are renewed from time to time, as they require it. Temperance and Morality. — They are very moral and temperate. ARROW LAKE BAKD. Reserve. — This reserve is located on the west side of the Lower Arrow lake in West Kootenay district, and contains two hundred and fifty-five acres. It was set apart for this small band by the Indian Reserve Commissioner in 1902. Tribe or ISTation. — These Indians are Shuswaps and Kootenays, who have lived and hunted for years along the Columbia river. They speak the Shuswap- language, and a few speak English fairly well. Vital Statistics. — The population of the band is twenty-six. Health and Sanitation. — There were no deaths amongst them during the year, and they were free from sickness. Their houses are clean and well kept. Resources and Occupations. — These Indians follow hunting, trapping and fishing, and one or two work on the steamers plying on the river. The women make moc- casins and gloves, for which they find a ready sale, and during the summer they pick and dispose of the wild berries in the towns of Nakusp, Revelstoke, Trail and Castle- gar. Building?. — They live in frame buildings, which are fairly comfortable. Stock and Farm Implements. — They have no stock. They cultivate their little gardens with shovels, hoes and rakes. Religion. — They are Roman Catholics, and when at Trail and other towns on the Columbia river, they attend their church regularly. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are enterprising, law-abiding and very industrious. They live well and have a neat, clean appearance. Temperance and Morality. — They are not given to the use of intoxicants, and live moral, honest lives. GENERAL REMARKS. The Indians of the different bands in the agency are steadily improving. Their farms are well fenced, and a good deal of attention is now paid to their homes, which are kept neat and clean. As a rule, they live much better, and are discarding the old i KWAWKEWLTH AGESCY, B.C. ' 291 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 style of Indian dress and replacing it with suitable clothing both for summer and winter. Also they are healthier and suffer less from the dread disease consumption, which is so dangerous and fatal. The ex-pupils of the industrial school continue to make themselves very useful amongst their people, and are sought after by the Indians to assist them on their farms in putting in their crops and harvesting. Several of them were employed at the village during the year in putting up new cottages, and the work done by them is most credit- able. I have, &c., R. L. T. GALBRAITH, Indian Agent. British Columbia, KWAWKEWLTH AgENCY, Alert Bay, July 10, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report on the affairs of this agency for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location of Agency. — This agency extends from Cape Mudge on the south, to Smith's inlet on the north ; including all the islands between these two points ; the mainland from Bute inlet to Smith's inlet ; the east side of Vancouver island from the 50th parallel of latitude to Cape Scott, the extreme northwest point of the island : also, all the villages and reserves on Quatsino sound, and Klaskino inlet on the west coast of the island. Reserves. — The total area of the reserves in this agency is seventeen thousand, and fifty-two acres. Although nearly all the reserves are heavily timbered, the soil for the most pait is rocky and worthless for agricultural purposes. Tribe or i^ation. — All these Indians belong to and are branches of the Kwaw- kewlth nation. Vital Statistics. — The combined population of all the bands in this agency is one thousand three hundred and forty-five, including men, women and children ; showing a decrease of fourteen for the past year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians during the past year has been only fairly good ; there has been no epidemic among them of any kind ; still there has been considerable sickness among them and quite a number of deaths. The most prevalent and difficult disease we have to contend with is consumption ; every effort has been made to combat this terrible scourge during the past year, but with indifferent success. The water-supply for the different villages has also come in for a good deal of attention, and is now as good as could be desired in nearly every village. Vaccination has been pretty regularly attended to. The uncleanly habits of the Indians are the cause of considerable trouble and anxiety on the part of the agent ; still they do fairly well, and clean up whenever told to do so. Resources and Occupations. — The occupations of these Indians are somewhat varied ; during the salmon-run they fish for the canneries ; the men handle the boats and nets, and the women and children work in the canneries. They also cut cord- wood, make canoes, dry halibut and seaweed, the latter being largely used by them for food during the winter; the women, besides working at the canneries, make nets and 27— i— 19* 292 . DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VI!., A. 1904 mats, and gather and dry berries, and, besides, provide the clams, cockles, crabs and other shell-fish used by them for food. Within the last year the Indians are paying more attention to hand-logging ; in this field of industry there would be a good chance for them were it not that the most of the government timber-lands in this district are either held under lease by the diffei-ent saw-mill companies or are reserved by the provincial government for pulp purposes. These Indians do not as a nile take kindly to farming ; the Wewaikai band at Cape Mudge, and the Salmon Kiver Indians have expressed their desire to get started in that branch of industry ; but in the case of the former, their land is mostly all heavily timbered, which if removed, would leave very good land for agricultural purposes. The Salmon Eiver people have a fine piece of ground for cultivation, but they were too late getting at it last spring, and I would not let them plant, as I did not want their first crop to be a failure. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Most of the houses of these Indians are in the nature of shacks, being built of split cedar boards with an opening in the top for the smoke to get out, and cracks all around, which provide good ventilation. These houses are generally from forty to fifty feet wide by sixty or eighty feet long, and from twenty to twenty-five feet high, on the inside of which the Indians build small houses, or rooms with a cover on, for sleeping purposes. Each of the villages possesses a few small frame, or what they call ' white men's houses,' which are gradually taking the place of the large houses, being much more comfortable and much more easily kept clean. These Indians have no farm implements and very little stock ; there are a few hogs at Cape Mudge, and a few chickens among all the different bands throughout the agency ; their roving habits prevent the possibility of their doing much in the line of stock-raising. Education. — There are three day schools in this agency, besides a girls' home and an industrial school for boys. The industrial school is located at Alert Bay, on the Nimkish reserve, and is under the management of Mr. A. W. Corker (Anglican mis- sionary) who also acts as trade instructor, the former trade instructor having left at the beginning of the year 1903. Mrs. Corker ably fills the position of matron, and Mr. E. Tait that of school teacher. The place is kept scrupulously clean ; the school is a good one and the boys have made good progress during the past year. The girls' liome is under the same management, with Miss Edwards as matron, assisted by Miss Humphreys. Neither of these institutions has the attendance it deserves ; it is most difficult to convince the old people that it is in the best interests of their children to have an education. The day school at Alert Bay has been made a must complete suc- cess by Mrs. E. J. Hall, the present teacher. As is the case with all the schools in this agency, it is difficult to keep up the attendance, but this school has certainly made a splendid showing with those who have attended regularly. Mr. A. E. Bird is teacher of the Quaee school, and Mr, K. J, Walker of the Cape Mudge school. This latter school has had a very fair attendance during the last six months, and, as is usual with these Indian children, those who did attend regularly have got on well. Religion. — There is quite a commodious church at Alert Bay, Rev. Mr. Hall having charge. Mr. A. E. Bird (Anglican) at Quaes, and Mr. R. J. Walker (Methodist ) nt Cape Mudge, conduct divine service every Sunday in their respective villages. Quite a number of the Indians attend service pretty regularlj^ and evince quite an interest in religious matters, but a large majority of them are very indifferent. I understand that it is the intention to establish a Roman Catholic mission in the neighbourhood of the Mamalillakulla, Klawithsis and Stenawkto villages in the near future. Temperance and Morality. — I regret having to report that, with the exception of those who have come under the influence of the churches, the morals of a large ma- jority of these Indians are not just what they ought to be. During the first half of the fiscal year just passed, there was considerable drunk- enness among the Indians, especially in the vicinity of Cape Mudge and Campbell i }fORTHWEST COAST AGENCY, B.C. 293 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 river, but they are doing much better Lately ; there being practically no police pro- tection for the Indians in that neighbourhood and it being so far from my headquar- ters, I could not look after them as I should like. A large majority of the Indians do not want liquor to be sold to their people, and they have repeatedly begged me to put a stop to it. I have done what I could, but they do not seem able to resist the temptation to drink whenever it is placed before them. I regret having to report that there has been another saloon started within about four miles of the Koskimo village on Quatsino sound, with the result that there has been considerable drunkenness among these Indians lately. The Indians of a large portion of this agency are un- fortunately so situated that whisky is practically free to them. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this agency have been peaceable and quiet during the past year ; with the exception of a few liquor cases and a few other minor offences they have done very well indeed. Although these Indians are not making such advancement in civilization as some of the Indians on the coast, still a gradual, though slow improvement is noticeable, and a disposition on the part of some of them to get ahead is quite plainly to be seen. General Remarks. — I have gone to considerable trouble to put in a first-class vege- table garden this summer, on the agency ground ; it seems to be an object of gi-eat in- terest to the Indians, and several of them have already gone to work and cleared off small patches of ground and planted with carrots, potatoes, &c. Several more of them have expressed their intention of going in, to a greater extent, for gardening next year. These Indians are all fairly good workers and will be able to make a good living for themselves, after they have been induced to give up their old Indian customs, and we have succeeded in keeping whisky away from them. I have, &c., * G. W. DeBECK, Indian Agent. British Columbu, Northwest Coast Agexcy, Metlakatla, July 23, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my first annual report respecting the affairs of this agency for the year ended June 30, ]903 ; a tabular statement of agricultural and industrial statistics will follow later. Vital Statistics. — During the year, as r.early as it is possible for me to ascertain, the births and deaths among the Indians have been aboui equal. The total population at the present time is four thousand one hundred and fifty, an increase of one for the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians during the year has been good and no deaths have occurred from epidemics of any kind. Sanitary conditions are on the whole fairly satisfactory ; precautions are generally taken by the Indians to keep their houses and premises clean. Occupations. — The principal industrial pursuits of the Indians of this agency are : salmon-fishing on the Skeena, Xass and Rivers inlet, three of the principal salmon rivei-s in this province. Fur-seal hunting is carried on by a few of the tribes more 294 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 closely situated to the hunting-grounds, and hunting and trapping among the iidand tribes. On the Queen Charlotte islands the Indians are engaged, after returning from the salmon industry, in catching dog-fish for the cileries situated at Skidegate. Boat- building, canoe-building and the making of fancy totem poles in wood and stone hy the Queen Charlotte Indians and a few others, are also carried on. These are sold to traders for good prices. Agriculture. — I regret to say that, on 'account of the Indians leaving their reserves about May in each year, for the salmon canneries, very little farming is done, the ex- ception being small patches of vegetables. Many of the inland reserves offer great in- ducement in this line, as the soil is excellent and adapted for mixed farming, and ready markets in many cases could be found among the canneries, but the salmon industry demands all the Indian labour ; and consequently farming does not receive much at- tention throughout the agency. Education. — A great deal of attention is being given to the education of Indian children : fourteen day schools, one industrial school and two boarding schools, mostly all receiving government assistance, are situated in the agency. The day schools are all under the direction of the Anglican or Methodist Churches ; and everything possi- ble is being done by the teachers for the advancement of their pupils. From an edu- cational stand-point, the great drawback to day schools "is that parents leave every spring for the fisheries, taking their children along with them. The industrial school in this village, and the boarding schools at Port Simpson are doing excellent work. There is no doubt that the assistance given to schools in this agency has had a far-reaching effect ; and to-day the benefits, particularly of in- dustrial and boarding schools, are clearly demonstrated on all sides. Religion. — The religious beliefs and professions of the Indians continue as in former years. The churches established on the reserves are the Methodist and Anglican. The Salvation Army also has quite a large following, and I am pleased to say the most cordial and friendly feeling exists between the different religious bodies in this agency,, all missionaries working hard for the moral and spiritvial advancement of the Indians, The pagans year by year are decreasing. They see for themselves that the mis- sionary is interested in their welfare, not only from a religious stand-point, but from a worldly stand-point as well ; and they are gradually commencing to see the benefits of schools, medical ^assistance, churches, &c. And the time is not far distant when this agency will be able to mark in blank the number of pagans within its borders. BANDS AND RESERVES. The Haida nation consists of two distinct bands, Massett, and Skidegate, both villages being situated on Queen Charlotte islands. At one time the above bands numbered many tliousands of Indians, but small-pox and other diseases played havoc among them before the advent of the missionary, medicine and good sanitary con- ditions. The village of Massett, situated at the extreme north end of the islands, has a splendid location. The village consists of seventy-four dwelling-houses, a large church and mission buildings, school-house and public hall. The village is governed by a council of chiefs, and the best of law and order prevails. A good brass band furn- ishes music of a higli order, and the village has an otficieut fire company. The Ven. Archdeacon Collison acts as clergyman, teacher and doctor to these people. Skidegate is situated about the centre of the Queen Charlotte islands. The villages consists of sixty-five dwellings, a church, school-house, public hall, mission-house. The village has a good brass band, and a well organized fire company. Situated on this reserve is a dog-fish oil manufactory owned and managed by the Indians. This village is governed well by a council of chiefs. They are a progressive. i XORTHWEST COAiiT AGEXCY, B.C. 295 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 prosperous people, having good roads and advanced ideas regarding municipal matters- Little, if any, destitution is found among the Indians of the Queen Charlotte islands. XISPIGAR NATION. The Nishgar nation consists of seven bands, each with its own village, and reserve, situated on the Nass river, from the sea to Kitlacdamax village some sixty miles inland. Kincolith village is situated on the lower IvTass river, and consists of some forty well-built frame dwellings, a fine church, a music-hall, a school-house, and ii mission- house. The Ven. Archdeacon Collison is the clergyman and physician and is highly respected by the Indians all over this agency. The village is governed by a progres- sive elective council ; good streets, good drainage and excellent sanitary conditions prevail, and the people in general are thrifty and prosperous. Kittex is situated fifteen miles further up the ISJass. This is a heathen village, having no schools or churches, but it is yearly becoming depopulated on account of the people moving to other reserves offering the advantages of civilization. Lachaltsap is situated almost opposite Kittex, on the Lachaltsap reserve. On this reserve much good land, easily cleared and worked, is to be faund, and the Indians of this village apparently are taking more interest in the improvement of the land than formerly, all having a desire to -have at least a garden with vegetables, flowers and a few small fruits. Anqueday is a small village about two miles further up the Xass river than Lach- altsap, and consists of nine houses of the old style, no church or school, and this, like all other pagan villages, is year by year dwindling in population, by their removal to one or other of the reserves. Chief Clather, a very old chief, rules this old village with much acceptance to his people. Kitwintshilth is situated seven miles below Aiyensh village, and consists of nine dwellings, mostly all of the old Indian style, no church, no school ; the population year after year is becoming smaller, as the younger people in particular move to other reserves, Aiyensh village situated on the Kitlacdamax reserve, about sixty miles from the mouth of the ISTass river, is one of the most progressive Indian villages in this agency, with good comfortable dwellings, good clean wide streets, the best of sanitary condi- tions and everything to be desired from the stand-point of health. The Rev. J. B. Mc- Cullagh, J.P., assisted by a progressive elective council of chiefs, conducts the muni- cipal affairs of the village in a thorough business-like manner. Unlike most other villages, through the efforts of Mr. McCullagh a great many of the women and children remain at home during the fishing season and look after gardens, &c. This state of affairs also has a far-reaching effect in regard to the edu- cation of the children, as they can have their regular holidays and return to school immediately on the reopening of the same. The area of land on this reserve is somewhat limited, but the soil is probably among the finest for agricultural purposes in this northern countiy, and through the efforts of Rev. Mr. McCullagh, nu;ch interest has been taken by the Indians in the working of the same during the past year. And I look for good results from these people from an agricultural stand-point. Kitlacdamax is the last village on the upper Xass river in this agency, and. like Aiyensh, is situated on the Kitlacdamax reserve. It consists of twelve dwellings, mostly all old style, and has no school or church. The population of this village at one time was very large, but now numbers only one hundred and twenty-seven souls. The decrease is caused by the removal ,to other vil- lages. Good sanitary conditions prevail in the village, and the people, although called 296 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 heathens, are a kind, generous and self -tuppor ling people, little, if any, destitution being among them. TSIMPSEAN NATION. To use the remarks of my predecessor in office regarding this people would appear to express most clearly the truth with reference to them, when he states in his last report : ' They stand at the head of all the Indian nationalities upon the noi'thwest coast, in physique and general appearance ' ; and owing to the advantages of schools, day, boarding and industrial, they are further advanced in education than most of the British Columbia Indians. Port Simpson, a name now familiar to all Canadians from the fact that it is daily mentioned as the probable terminus of a transcontinental railroad, is the largest Indian village in this agency, consisting of one hundred and seventy dwellings-houses, many being well-built, large and commodious, and the workmanship on many of lhem reflects great credit on the builders. On this reserve is also situated the Ci'osby Girls' Home, the Port Simpson boys' boarding school, council building, fire-hall and a large Methodist church, now under the direction of Eev. B. C. Freeman, late of Queen Charlotte islands. The Salvation Army, under the direction of Adjutant Smith, also flourishes here, and has a large hall of its own. The sanitary condition of the village is good, the location having a gentle slope to the water and the streets being wide and well laid out. The village is governed by an elective council and the business is as well and in- telligently conducted as in most municipalities. Close to this reserve, adjoining the Hudson's Bay Company's land, is the Port Simpson hospital, where Indians come from all over the northern portion of the agency for treatment. This institution is now under the superintendence of Dr. W. T. Kergin, assisted by Dr. Johnson and several trained nurses. METLAKATLA BAND. This band resides at the old town of Metlakatla, situated half-way between the Skeena and Port Simpson. I have no doubt the Indians of this band compare favour- ably with any in the province ; they are intelligent and progressive. The village has the best schools in this agency — the industrial school, the Indian day school, and the White Home, where white and half-breed children from all over the coast are sent to be educated. For the girls' branch of the industrial school a fine new substantial wooden building, with galvanized roof and all modern conveniences, has been erected, and is row ready for occupation. A new church now graces the reserve in place of the one destroyed by fire in 1901. The village is governed by an elective council, and the village is well looked after by the people. Some have good gardens and the streets are kept in good repair and clean. The Indian agent's residence and office is on this reserve. KITKATLA BAND. Kitkatla, another Tsimpsean reserve, is situated on Dolphin island ; the people are great hunters, spending a large portion of the year away from their homes, engaged in fur-sealing and trapping of all kinds. They have a large church, a school-house and an excellent brass band. Rev. E. W. Gurd, ably assisted by his wife, ministers to tbese people, acting ai clergyman, teacher and doctor. I NORTHWEST COAST AGENCY, B.C. 297 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 On this reserve is to be found one of the best fire companies in the agency, having a steam fire-engine, and other modern fire-fighting- appliances. KITKAATA BAND. This is a small Tsimpsean settlement at Hartley bay. A good church and a school, in which the missionary teaches, are the only public buildings. They are governed by a council of chiefs, and are a good-living, self -supporting people. KITSUMKALEM BAND. This reserve is situated about forty miles up the Skeena river ; many of these people, however, reside on the Port Essington special reserve, going to and from the up-river reserve fishing, hunting and trapping. In Port Essington are also to be found some Tsimpsean Indians from the Kitselas band. On this special reserve is the Metho- dist church, under the guidance of Kev. D. Jennings, who for many years has laboured successfully among the Indians of the northwest coast. A branch of the Port Simpson hospital is also connected with the church here, and during the summer season Dr. Kergin and his staff are taxed to their utmost in attending to the many sick and injured coming to them for treatment. Dr. T. A. Wilson, the resident physician of the town of Port Essington, is also kept busy in attending to the many Indians applying to him for treatment throughout the year. One of the most successful Indian days schools in this agency is located here, under the direction of Miss Tranter, some of the pupils in this school showing splendid pro- gress in all branches taught. They also have on this reserve a good brass band. KITSELAS BAND. This reserve is situated sixty-five miles up the Skeena river, just below the Kit- selas canyon. Many of these people reside at Port Essington and are, in general, thrifty and self-supporting. OWEEKAYNO NATION. This nation consists of five bands speaking a different language from the other four rationalities of the agency. These five bands ai'e : Eivers Inlet, Kitamaat, Bella Bella, Kitlope and China Hat. They are all situated on Rivers inlet. The Rivers inlet tribe, from which the nation derives its name, is the lowest and least progressive tribe in this agency. This tribe has no school or church, and its members manifest little in- terest in their own welfare ; they make a living by hunting, fishing and working at the Rivers inlet salmon-canneries during the fishing season. The Katamaats under the guidance of the Rev. Mr. Raley are among the pro- gressive Indians of the coast. They enjoy the benefits of a good church, day school and girls' home. Rev. Mr. Raley has laboured for a number of years among these people with great succes-. He and Mrs. Raley edit the only periodical nrinted south of ITass river ; the printing is done by Inldian boys. Kitamaat is situated at the head of Douglas channel. It is I'oked upon as a pos-ible terminus of the transcontinental road. The Bella Bella Indians deserve special mention for their pluck and porsoverarce as shown by them a year or two ago when they removed from the old vilhigo of Bella Bella, about two miles further north on the reserve. They have built a fine village, good houses, a church, an hospital and a school ; in fact work has been accomplished by the Indians of this village in two years that it has taken many years to accomplish in other places. 298 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1,904 The Rev. E. W. Large,M.D., conducts the services in the church, and superintends medical work in this portion of the agency. The hospital on this reserve has done a great deal for the Indians of the southern portion of this agency, and in conjunction with a branch of the same at Eivers inlet, operated during the summer season, is a boon to the Indians and whites alike in time of sickness. The Bella Bella Indians depend upon hunting and fishing for a livelihood, and are looked upon as one of the most successful tribes in the hunting of the fur-seal, which they follow every spring at Goose islands. The Kitlopes and China Hat Indians are less progressive, and have no schools, but are visited regularly by the missionaries. These bands are decreasing, on account of the younger people of the tribes moving to more progressive reserves. TALLION NATION. This nation is composed of three tribes speaking a different language from any other in the agency. The Tallion band, from which the nation derives its name, lacks enterprise, and is a small peaceful band, which engages largely in hunting, and fishing to some extent during the salmon season. Kemsquit is a small village at the head of Dean channel. The people of this village also are quiet and harmless, but make little attempt at advancement, having no school or church. They are engaged, during the summer season, fishing at E. Draney'a cannery situated at the mouth of Salmon river. Dr. Spencer, medical missionary of Bella Coola,. pays the reserve regular visits, attending to the sick and assisting them in general. Bella Coola is an important Indian village at the mouth of Bella Coola river. This village is somewhat more advanced than the other Tallion villages, having a church and a school established in it, but Dr. Spencer has encountered great difficulty in getting the parents to take any interest in the education of the children. A large salmon-cannery is situated close to the reserve, where they can all secure employment if they wish. Through the efforts of Dr. Spencer this village is gradually improving, better houses are being built and old customs to some extent discarded. The people are very friendly to whites, and are desirous of having them live •near their reserve. They are possibly more friendly than any other tribe in the agency. GENERAL REMARKS. The great amount of work in connection with this agency this season, and the fact that I have only been in office for three montlis, prevent me from furnishing as com- plete a report as I otherwise would like to send forward; and for statistics I must rely largely on the last report of my predecessor in office, the late Mr. Chas. Todd, whose death occurred during the fiscal year. Here let me add that I found in all parts of this extensive agency that I visited, that Mr. Todd was very much esteemed, and his services greatly appreciated. All, both whites and Indians, speak of him in the highest terms. • It affords me pleasure to be able to state that they are a sober, industrious people and in general appreciate the efforts put forth by the government for their advance- ment. Much has been done through the aid given to schools and hospitals to elevate and assist the Indians of this agency — and no doubt wisely, for, looking at the small amount required for the relief of destitution, it will, I think, be conceded that the expenditure has been on a people who have profited by these opportunities and who are learning to make good use of their resources. i WEST COAST AGEXCY, B.C. 299 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 During the present season, almost the entire Indian population are gathered at different canning establishments throughout the agency, and are looked upon as sup- erior to the Japanese as fishermen, but the latter are also largely employed in the canning industry. Owing to the gi-eat extent of this agency and the lack of facilities for travelling, I find it extremely difficult to visit as frequently as necessary the many places requir- ing my presence. I have, &c., GEO. w. 3j:orrow, Indian Agent. British Columbia, West Coast Agency, Alberxi, July 10, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my aianual report on the affairs of this agency, for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location of Agency. — This ag'ency extends from Otter point to Cape Cook, a dis- tance of two hundred miles along the west coast of Vancouver island. Tribe or ISTation. — The Indians of this agency belong to the Aht nation, and con- sist of eighteen tribes. Reserves. — The eighteen tribes have one hundred and fifty reserves and fishing stations, aggi-egating twelve thousand three hundred and ninety acres, or about five acres per capita of population. There are two large reserves in Barclay sound ; one at Alberni, belonging to the Tseshaht tribe, containing one thousand and thirty acres ; and the other at Xumakamis, Sarita valley, belonging to the Oiaht tribe, containing one thousand seven hundred acres. The acreage of the other reserves ranges from two aci'es to two hundred and fifty acres each ; the majority of these reserves are rocky, timbered or tidal lands, given for village sites and fishing stations, with only small patches of land suitable for cultivation. tseshaht baxd. Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named Tsahaheh/No. 1), and is situated on the west bank of the Somas river, at Al- berni, and comprises an area of one thousand and thirty acres. The total area of all their reserve is one thousand four himdred and fifty-eight acres. opitchesaht band. Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named Ahahswinnis, (ISTo. 1) and is situated on the east bank of the Somas river, at Alberni, and comprises an area of ninety-six acres. The total area of all their re- serves is four hundred and twenty-two acres. HOWCHUKLISAHT BAND. ^ Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named Elhlateese (No. 2), and is situated at the head of Howchuklisaht harbour, Al- 300 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 berni canal, and comprises an area of four hundred acres. The total area of all their reserves is five hundred and seventy-five acres. OIAHT BAND. E-eserves. — The principal reserves of this band, and where the Indians reside, are Ahadzooas (No. 7), and Haines island (No. 8), and are situated at the eastern entrance to Barclay sound ; they comprise an area of one hundred and forty-five acres. The total area of all their reserves is two thousand six hundred and seventy-one acres. TOQUAHT BAND. Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named JVIahcoah (No. 1), and is situated at Village passage, Barclay sound, and com- prises an area of one hundred and twenty-four acres. The total area of all their re- serves is four hundred and twenty-one acres. EWLHUILHLAHT BAND, Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named Ittatso (No. 1), and is situated on Ucluelet arm, Barclay sound, and com- prises an area of one hundred and eighty acres. The total area of all their reserves is six hundred and forty-nine acres. CLAYOQUOT BAND. Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named Opitsat (No. 1), situated on Clayoquot sound, and comprises an area of one hundred and eighty acres. The total area of all their reserves is tiv^e hundi'ed and forty acres. KELSEMAHT BAND. Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named Yahksis (No. 11) and is situated on Flores island, Clayoquot sound, and com- prises an area of one hundred and eighty acres. The total area of all their reserves is two hundred and twenty-three acres. AIIOUSAHT BAND. Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named Mahktosis (No. 15), and is situated at Matilda creek, Clayoquot sound, and comprises two hundred and fifty acres. The total area of all their reserves is eight hundred and twenty-six acres. HESQUIAHT BAND. Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named Heshque (No. 1), and is situated at Hesquiaht harbour, about twenty miles north of Clayoquot sound, and comprises an ai-ea of two hundred and twenty-two acres. The total area of all their reserves is five hundred and seventy-seven acres. MOOACHAHT BAND. Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named Yuquot (No. 1), and is situated at Friendly cove, Nootka sound, and comprises an area of two hundred and ten acres. The total area of all their reserves is five hun- dred and twenty-seven acres. i WEST COAST AGENCY B.C. 301 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 MATCHITLAIIT BAND. Keserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named Cheshish (No. 15), and is situated in the rear of Bligh island, Xootka sound, and comprises an area of twenlj'-nine acres. The total area of all their reserves is one hundred and twenty-seven acres. XOOCHAHTLAHT BAND, Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named, Aktese (No. 1), Village island, and Kukamulcamees (No. 2), Mission island, sixteen acres. The total area of all their reserves is one hundred and eighty-eight acres. EHATTISAHT BAND. Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named Oke (No. 10), and is situated on Esperdnza inlet, and comprises an area of thirty-two acres. The total area of all their reserves is one hundred and twenty-three acres. KYUKAHT BAND. Reserves. — The principal reserves of this band, and where the Indians reside, are named, Aktese (No. 1), Village island and Ivukamukaniees (No. 2), Mission island, comprising an area of one hundred and ninety-three acres. These islands ane part of the Barrier Island group. The total area of all their reserves is six hundred and eleven acres. CHAICCLESAHT BAND. Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named Acous (No. 1), and is situated in Battle bay, Ououkinsh inlet, and comprises an area of one hundred acres. The total area of all their reserves is two hundred and fifty-eight. NITINAHT BAND. Reserves. — The principal reserves of this band, and where the Indians reside, are named Tsooquanah (No. 2), Wyah (No. 3), Clo-oose (No. 4), and Carmanah (No. 6), all of which are situated at the entrance of the straits of Juan de Fuca, and comprise a total area of seven hundred and seventy-three acres. The total area of all their re- serves is one thousand seven hundred and ninety acres. IWCHEENA BAND. Reserves. — The principal reserve of this band, and where the Indians reside, is named Pacheena (No. 1), and is situated at the mouth of the San Juan river, at Port Renfrew, and comprises an area of one hundred and fifty- three acres. The total area of all their reserves is four hundred and four acres. Vital Statistics. — The population of the various bands as hereinbefore enumerated is as follows: Tseshaht, one hundred and thirty; Opichesaht, sixty-three; Howchuk- lisaht, forty-two ; Oiaht, one hundred and fifty-six ; Toquaht, twenty-two; Ewlhuil- laht, one hundred and fifty-two ; Claoquaht, two hundred and fortj'-three ; Kelsemaht, sixty-nine ; Ahousaht, two hundred and seventy-seven ; Heshquiaht, one hundred and sixty ; Mooachaht, one hundred and sixty-nine ; Matchitlaht, sixty-three ; Noo- chahtlaht, seventy-four ; Ehattisaht, one hundred ; Kyukaht, two hundred and ninety- 302 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 seven ; Chaiccleshat, one hundred and five ; Nitiuaht, two hundred and ten; Pacheen- aht, fifty-live, being a total of two thousand three hmidred and eighty-seven. lieahh and Sanitation. — The heahh of the Indians in this agency has been good during the past year, there having been no epidemic or serious illness amongst them, except that consumption, as in the past, has claimed a number of them as its victims, and even this, I think I can say, is on the decrease, owing to a better understanding as to the laws of health generally. The villages throughout the agency are kept clean and in a sanitary condition, or as nearly so as it is possible to get the Indians to do ; and vaccination, with the exception of a small number of very young children, has received' due consideration and attention. Eesources and Occupations. — Sealing, salmon-fishing for the canneries and hunt- ing, on a small scale, are the principal occupations of these Indians, and the sources from which they derive their revenue, or mostly so ; a few earn something at times working for their white neighbours in various capacities, such as aiding mining pros- pectors, &c. . A few were employed at Bamfield creek this year during the construction of the cable station and earned some money thereby. The total revenue for the year has fallen somewhat below that of last year, and is accounted for by the fact that many of them refused to go sealing, due to the loss of the schooner Hatzic during the early part of the year 1902. Buildings. — Many of the Indians throughout the agency have comfortable dwel- lings, but quite a number of these are not -what they should be ; they have very few, if any, what might be called barns, or average outbuildings, as they do "not keep any stock, to speak of, and do no farming. During the year just ended they have made very few additions to their buildings of the previous year, as during the past two years their earnings have decreased, giving them little money for such purposes, in a few instances an old building has been replaced with a new one of a very modest and inexpensive design. Stock and Farm Implements. — A very few of the bands possess any stock at all, and even this is not noteworthy, as their few animals are inferior, and they do not take much interest in them ; in fact, their reserves are not adapted to such a purpose. They likewise possess practically no farming implements. Education. — There are six day schools, and two boarding schools in active opera- tion in the agency, and all are doing good work ; the boarding schools are at Clayoquot and Alberni, respectively ; the former under Eoman Catholic, and the latter under Presbyterian management, are especially noteworthy ; they are both full and are doing much for the youth of the several bands, whose parents manifest a decided in- terest in the education of their children — who are generally very bright and promising ; the money granted by the department for education in this agency is certainly being well accounted for, and when further money can be set aside for the enlargement of these educational institutions, or the establishment of new ones, which very prefer- ably should be of the industrial, or boarding class, a still greater sura can be very profitablj' expended, as there are many promising children still out of school who would give a good account of themselves, and carry their influence into their Indian homes, if given the opportunity. Religion. — It is regrettable to have to state that a large percentage of the Indians of this agency is yet pagan, not having thus far been brought under the influences of Christianity. The Roman Catholic Church has a goodly number enrolled as mem- bers, and the Presbyterian Church is likewise doing- a good work ; some few also are Methodists, but the field is large and scattered and the workers are comparatively few; but it is hoped that henceforth all may be speedily brought under religious influence. There are scattered thi-oughout the agency a number of churches of the different creeds named, at which the Indians attend well and seem amenable to divine instruction. Characteristics and Progress. — As a whole the Indians of this agency are indus- trious and law-abiding, and are, as far as their knowledge serves them, doing their i WILLIAMS LAKE AGENCY, B.C. 303 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 best to earn an independent livelihood, and in most instances, apart from the old amongst them, are fairly successful. Temperance and Moralitj-. — Those of the Indians who could be fairly classed as Christianized are as a rule temperate and moral, and even many of the pagans refrain from the use of strong drink ; on the whole the desire to use liquor, which the Indian by nature usually seems to have, is being gradually- overcome, notwithstanding that much temptation is from time to time thrust upon them by unscrupulous white men who carry liquor to the shores of this island in sloops and by other means, and offer it to them for the profit to be derived by themselves ; the past year has seen drunkenness on the decrease amongst the Indians of this agency, and it is hoped that the improve- ment in this direction may be more marked as the years go by, and as they get to un- derstand their own natures and what is of advantage and disadvantage to them. GENERAL REMARKS. In contrasting the conditions existing in this agency among the Indians of to- day with those of years gone by, even as late as last year, I feel that there is much reason in support of the statement that they are steadily, though slowly it may be, improving in every way. Due to conditions over which they have not had control, their earning power has been diminished this year, and, in consequence, their im- provement retarded in the way of building, and, in fact, in a general sense ; but it is hoped that the forthcoming fishing and sealing season, on which they depend largely, may be better than the past, and if so a very marked improvement will be seen in future. I have, &c., HARRY GUILLOD, Indian Agent. British Columbia, Williams Lake Agexcv, Clinton, July 20, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended June 30, 1903, logetlier with a tabular statement of statistics and a list of government property in my charge. Location. — The "Williams Lake agency is situated north and partly west of the Kamloops-Okanagan agency, south of the Babine agency, having the Rocky mountains as a portion of the eastern boundary, and the Fraser agency for its western boundary. This agency contains an aggregate of ninety thousand and eighty acres. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Salish and Tinneh i)eople.s. With the excep- tion of the older people, they speak the English language fairly well. Vital Statistics. — The population consists of five hundred and thirty-nine men, five hundred and twenty-eight women and nine hundred and thirty-six young people under twenty-one years of age, making a total of two thousand and three, an increase during the year of eighteen, there having been eighty-six births and sixty-eight deaths to record. 304 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 ALEXANDRIA BAND. Keserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on both sides of the Fraser river about four hundred miles from its mouth. It contains an area of one thousand eight hundred and forty-eight and one-half acres. Its natural features are bench-lands, and good grazing lands, all requiring irrigation when cultivated. There are also excel- lent hay meadows on this reserve. - Vital Statistics. — This band has a population of sixty-three, being an increase of one, there having been four births and three deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good, very little sickness among them. They have comfortable houses, which are kept in good order. Eesources and Occupations. — The chief occupations of these Indians are : farming, hunting fur-bearing animals, and working as farm-hands with white settlers ; while the women earn considerable money making gloves, moccasins and other articles from deer-skins, while in fruit season they obtain quite a revenue from the sale of berries. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have good dwellings and good horse-stables. They have good horses, a few head of cattle and a good supply of farm implements. Education. — Only a few children from this reserve have received any education. These have been taught at the Williams Lake industrial school. Eeligion. — They are all Roman Catholics. They have a neat church on the re- reserve. They take great interest in religious matters. Characteristics and Progress.- — These Indians are very industrious and law-abid- ing, and are making steady progress. y Temperance and Morality. — They are a moral and temperate people. ALKALI LAKE BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on a level bench a few miles east of the Fraser rivei% and about three hundred and twenty miles from its mouth. It contains eight thousand three hundred and forty-seven and one-half acres. There is excellent land for farming on this reserve, but crops cannot be raised without irriga- tion, and water for this purpose is not available. A good portion is under fence and used for pasture. There are also on this reserve some excellent hay meadows where large quantities of hay are secured each year. The natural features are bench-lands, excellent hay meadows and fair timber. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is one hundred and fifty-nine, an increase of one during the year ; there having been three births and two deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good, no serious sickness amongst them. Their dwellings and surroundings are kept in a good sani- tary condition. Occupations. — These Indians are good farmers. Quite a number of the men find employment with white farmers, and with stockmen as drovers. The women make gloves and moccasins from the tanned deer-skins. They also sell and put up for their own use large quantities of all kinds of berries. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have good dwellings and good horse-stables. They have good horses, a few cattle and pigs, and are well supplied with all kinds of farm implements, wagons and sleighs. Education. — Quite a number of children from this band are being educated at the "Williams Lake industrial school. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics. They have a good church on the re- serve. A missionary makes occasional visits amongst them. Characteristics and Progress. — They are very good workers, industrious and law- abiding, and are making steady progress. Temperance and Morality. — They are a tempei-ate and moral people. i WILLIAMS LAKE AGENCY, B.C. 305 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ANAHAM BAND. Eeserve. — The reserve of this band is situated in a valley near the Chilcotin river, and about sixty miles from its mouth. It has an area of nine thousand nine hundred and twenty-two acres. The natural features are open bench-lands, excellent hay meadows, and fair timber on the mountain-slopes. Vital Statistics. — The population of this band is two hundred and twenty-three, an increase of five during the year, there having been eight births and three deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been very good. Their houses and surroundings are kept clean, and all refuse matter destroyed. Occupations. — These Indians raise considerable grain and roots, have excellent horses ajad quite a large niunber of cattle and pigs. Quite a number own teams and wagons, and haul freight for merchants from the nearest railway station, a distance of two hundred miles. They also earn considerable money as drovers with cattle- men, being expert riders. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have good dwellings, good stables, good horses and quite a number of cattle and pigs. They are well supplied with all kinds of farm implements ; also wagons, sleighs, saddles and harness. Education. — None of the children of this band have ever received any education, there being no schools within seventy miles of the reserve. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics, have a small church on the reserve, and are occasionally visited by a missionary of the church. Characteristics and Progi-ess. — They are good workers and making steady improve- ment each year. Temperance and Morality. — They are a temperate and moral people. ANDERSON LAKE BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated at the upper end of Anderson lake, being the most southerly portion of this agency. It has an area of five hundred and four acres. The natural features are good bottom-lands, good hay meadows, excellent timber and fair grazing lands. Vital Statistics. — The population is sixty-seven, an increase of one during tUe year, there having been two births and one death. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; dwellings and surroiindings are kept in good order. Occupations. — These Indians farm a little, have good vegetable gardens, raise a few apples, and small fruit, do some gold-mining, and during the canning season quite a number go to the coast and engage in the catching of the salmon. Quite a revenue is obtained from cutting saw-logs on crown lands, for which they find a ready sale at the saw-mills. The women alio contribute largely from the sale of basket-s, which are sought after by tourists. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — These Indians have good dwellings and horse-stables, quite a number of horses, cattle and pigs, and are well supplied with farm implements. Education. — Kone of the children of this band have ever received any education. Religion. — These Indians are all Roman Catholics, have a small church on the reserve, and a missionary makes regular visits amongst them. Characteristics and Progress. — Thej^ are industrious and law-abiding, and most of them are very comfortable. Temperance and Morality-.- — They are a temperate and moral people. BRIDGE RIVER BAND. Reserve. — The reserves laid out for this band are along the left banks of the Fraser and Bridge rivers. The lands fit for cultivation are in small patches, but the 27— i— 20 306 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Indians manage to raise good crops of grain and vegetables. There are nine thousand seven hundred and sixty-one acres reserved for this band. The natural features are bench-lands following the rivers, and all requiring irrigation; good grazing lands on the slopes of the mountains. Vital Statistics. — This ban(i has a population of one hundred and nine, an increase of one, there having been two births and one death d'aring the year. Health and Sanitation. — There was no sickness of a serious nature amongst the Indians. Their houses are kept clean and all refuse matter destroyed. Occupations. — These Indians are very industrious, raising good crops of grain and roots. Their occupations are various : as farm-hands, freighters, guides to tourists, gold-miners and hunters. The women make baskets, moccasins, gloves, and earn considerable from the sale of berries, which are plentiful near the reserve. Buildings, Stock and Fai-m Implements. — They have comfortable dwellings, good horse-stables, some good horses, a few cattle and pigs, and are well supplied with farm implements. Religion. — They all belong to the Roman Catholic Church and have a small place of worship on the reserve. Education. — ^None of the children from this band have ever received any education. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and law-abiding, making fair progress. Temperance and Morality. — They are a temperate and moral people. CANOE CREEK BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on a small stream which empties into the Fraser river, three hundred miles from its mouth. These Indians have good agricultural lands, but owing to the scarcity of water for irrigation, only a small por- tion is cultivated. They have an area of sixteen thousand one hundred and twenty-nine acres; portions of this are hay meadows, where they cut considerable hay for their stock. The natural features are open bench-lands, good grazing lands, and fair timber on the hills. Vital Statistics, — The population is one hundred and sixty-one, an increase of four during the year, there having been eight births and four deaths. Health and Sanitation. — There was no serious sickness amongst these Indians. Their houses are kept clean and sanitary regulations well observed. Occupations. — These Indians engage in farming, working as farm-hands and cow- boys with white settlers, and during the trapping season go long distances in search of fur-bearing animals. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have fairly good dwellings and horse-stables, a large number of horses, a few cattle and pigs, and a fair supply of wagons, sleighs, harness and farm implements. ^ Education. — Quite a number of children from this band are being educated at the Williams Lake industrial school. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics. One of the best churches in the agency is on this reserve, and the Indians take a great interest in religious matters. Characteristics and Progress. — They are very industrious and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — They are moral, and there has been no case of intem- perance amongst them for the last year. CAYOOSH CREEK BAND NO. 1. Reserve. — This reserve is situated at the mouth of Cayoosh creek, where it joins the Fraser river two hundred and twenty miles from its mouth. It contains three hun- dred and sixty-seven acres. The natural features are bench-lands following the river and good grazing lands along the mountain sides. i WILLIAMS LAKE AGENCY, B.C. 307 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Vital Statistics. — The population is thirty-four. There were no births or deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — There was no sickness of any kind amongst this band of Indian:;. Sanitary regulations are well observed. Occupations. — Farming, fishing, hunting, gold-mining and working as labourers with white men are the principal occupations. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — These Indians have good comfortable dwellings and good horse-stables. They have a few horses and cattle, wagons, sleighs and a good supply of farm implements. Education. — A few of the children from this band have been attending the public school. Keligion. — They are all Eoman Catholics. Characteristics and Progress. — They are verj^ industrious and law-abiding, and are making better progress. Temi)erance and Morality. — They are moral and temperate. CAYOOSH CREEK BAND NO. 2. Reserve. — This reserve is situated about four miles from Oayoosh Creek is'o. 1 reserve, on a bench above the Fraser river. It contains seven htmdred and eighty-five acres. The natural features are open bench-lands. There is good grazing land and and good grazing lands along the mountain-sides. Vital Statistics. — The population is fifteen, there having been no births or deaths. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians have enjoyed good health. Their houses are kept clean and comfortable. Occupations. — Farming, fishing, hunting and gold-mining are the principal oc- cupations. The women earn considerable from the sale of moccasins, gloves and berries. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have comfortable dwellings, good horse-stables, a few horses, cattle and pigs, and a good supply of farm implements. Education. — A few children from this band attended the public school. Religion. — All these Indians belong to the Anglican Church. They have no church on the reserve, but attend worship at LiUooet, a distance of six miles from the re- serve. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are moral and temperate. CLINTON BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated in the Clinton valley, and contains ten hundred and seventy-three acres. The natural features are small flats and meadow-land along the banlvs of a small striam running through the reserve, and timbered mountain- slopes afford good grazing. Vital Statistics. — The population is forty-six, there being no increase during the year. There were three births and three deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good ; there has been no serious sickness amongst them ; houses are kept clean and comfortable. Occupations. — They raise oats and vegetables, and cut considerable hay, work as labourers with white settlers, are good hunters, and during the winter season supply the village of Clinton with nearly all the fire-wood used. Th^ women make and sell moccasins and gloves and also sell berries. They are also employed by white families as washerwomen. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have fairly good dwellings, and horse-stables, good horses, a few head o'f cattle, and fann implements, wagons, sleighs and harness. Education.^ — Xone of the children of this band have received any education. 27— i— 20* 308 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Religion. — All the members of this band are Roman Catholics, and they have a small church on the reserve. A missionary pays them regular visits. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and law-abiding, and earn a comfortable living. Temperance and Morality. — With very few exceptions, they are moral and tem- perate. FOUNTAIN BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the east bank of the Fraser river, about two hundred and fifty miles from its mouth. It contains an area of one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four acres. The natural features are open bench-lands, and gOud grazing lands on the hills and mountain-slopes. Vital Statistics. — The population is two hundred, a decrease of one, there having been ten births and eleven deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — Most of the deaths on this reserve were of infants. It is difficult to state the cause, as the Indians were free from contagious diseases. The houses are kept clean and are very comfortable ; the yards and surroundings are care- fully cleaned, and refuse matter destroyed. Occupations. — These Indians farm, mine for gold on the Fraser river and work as farm-hands with white settlers, while many take their horses and wagons to the Cariboo mines, a distance of three hundred miles, where, during the summer and fall months, they find employment. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have a fair class of d'.vellings, good horse-stables, a few good horses, cattle and pigs, and are well supplied with farm im- plements, wagons, sleighs, harness and saddles. Education. — None of the children of this band have received any education. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics. They have one of the best churches in the agency and a well-trained brass band. A missionary makes regular visists amongst them. Characteristics and Progress. — They are law-abiding, industrious and intelligent, devoting most of their time to cultivating their lands. Temperance. — There is room for improvement in this respect, as occasionally some are arrested for having intoxicants, but it is becoming less frequent. DOG CREEK BAND. The reserve occupied by these Indians is situated on a stream of that name which flows into the Fraser river, three miles from the village, and has an area of thirteen hundred and seventy-one and one-half acres. The natural features are open bench- lands and good grazing lands on the hills and mountain-sides. There are only seventeen Indians on this reserve. They make a living by farming, working as labourers with white settlers and fishing and hunting. HIGH BAR BAND, Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the east and west banks of the Fraser river, three hundred miles from its mouth, and contains two thousand nine hundred and twenty-four acres. Th5 natural features are open bench-lands. These Indians are unable to cultivate much land owing to the scarcity of water for irrigation. On the hills and mountain-sides there are good grazing lands. Vital Statistics. — The population is fifty-two, an increase of one, there having been two births and one death during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good. Their dwell- ings and surroundings are kept in a sanitary condition. I WILLIAMS LAKE AGENCY, B.C. 309 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Occupations. — They engage in farming, have good vegetable gardens, and raise a large quantity of small fruit, such as currants, gooseberries and raspberries, also melons, squash, tomatoes and pumpkins, which are brought to Clinton ar.d readily disposed of. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have fairly good dwellings and horse-stables, harness, cattle and pigs, also farm implements. Religion. — They belong to the Roman Catholic Church, have a small church on the reserve, and are verj^ religious. Characteristics and Moi'ality. — They are industrious and law-abiding ; also tem- perate and moral. KANIM LAKE BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated in the Bridge Creek valley, twenty miles to the east of the Cariboo wagon road, and contains four thousand five hundred and sixty acres. The natural features are bench and meadow lands, along the river-bottoms good grazing lands ; also good hay meadows ; the rest of the reserve is covered with good timber. Vital Statistics. — The population is eighty-three, a deci-ease of four, there having been ten deaths and six births during the year. > Health and Sanitation. — Although tliere were no infectious or contagious di- seases at this reserve during the last few years, the death-rate far exceeds the birth- rate. The dwellings are comfortable and fairly clean, and the sanitary conditions good. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — These Indians have good dwellings and liorse-stables, good horses, cattle and pigs, and have a good supply of farm imple- ments. Occupations. — Farming, stock-raising, working as farm-hands with white settlers, trapping, hunting and fishing are the chief occupations of these Indians. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics. They have a very neat church on the reserve, and take great interest in religious matters. Education. — Quite a number from this band attend the Williams Lake industrial school. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and law-abiding and mak- ing steady progress on the reserve. Temperance and Morality. — They are a temperate and moral people. LILLOOET BAND NO. 1. Reserve. — A portion of this reserve is situated on the west bank of the Fraser river near the village of Lillooet, and the remainder six miles below on the east side of the Fraser river. It contains one thousand four hundred and eighteen and one- half acres. Its natural features are good bench-lands, a large portion suitable for cultivation, but the cost of bringing on water for irrigation would be very great. There are good grazing and fair timber-lands. Vital Statistics. — The population is sixty-two, a decrease of six, there having been five births and eleven deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — Although the death-rate at this reserve was high, there was no contagious disease. The Indians have very comfortable dwellings, which are kept very clean and their surroundings kept clear of refuse matter. Occupations. — They find employment at farming, gold-mining, hunting, fishing, working as labourers, freighting, supplying fire-wood for the village of Lillooet, and acting as guides and packers to tourists and hunters in search of bears and mountain sheep. The women add considerable by the sale of moccasins, gloves, baskets and beri'ies. 310 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Buildings, Stock and. Farm Implements, — They have good dwellings and. horse- stables. They have horses, cattle and pigs, and a good supply of farm implements, wagons, harness and saddles. Education. — A few of the children of this band have attended the public school at Lillooet. Religion. — These Indians are all Roman Catholics. They have just completed a very neat church on the reserve. A missionary spends most of his time amongst them. Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of them earn a comfortable living, are industrious and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — As a rule, the Indians of this band are moral and temperate ; occasionally they are led astray by getting intoxicants. LILLOOET BAND NO. 2. The reserve of this band is situated on the west bank of the Fraser river, and about twelve miles from the village of Lillooet. It contains five hundred and forty- four acres. Its natural features are open bench-lands suitable for cultivation, all of which require irrigation. There are also fair timber-lands. There are only seven Indians on this reserve. They make a living by farming and gold-mining. PAVILION BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated both on the east and west sides of the Fraser river, and contains four thousand one hundred and thirty-six acres. Its natural fea- tures are open bench-lands, all requiring irrigation, good grazing and fair timber-lands. Vital Statistics. — The population is sixty-eight. There were no births or deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been good, and the reserve is in a sanitary condition. Occupations. — Farming, hunting, fishing, gold-mining, and working as farm-hands with white settlers are the principal occupations of these Indians. They also act as guides to white hunters. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have good horses, a few cattle and pigs, wagons, sleighs, harness, saddles and a good supply of farm implements. They have fairly good dwellings and horse-stables. Education. — JSTone of these Indians have ever received any education. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics. They have a small church on the reserve on the east side of the Fraser river, and are building another church on the west side of Fraser river on their reserve there. The lumber for the church has all to be whip- sawed, at a cost of $32.50 per 1,000 feet. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are excellent workers, law-abiding and making steady improvement on their reserve. Temperance and Morality. — They are a moral people, and it is a rare thing to hear of a case of intemperance amongst them. QUESNEL BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the east and west banks of the Fraser river, and four hundred and fifty miles from its mouth, and three miles from the village of Quesnel. It contains sixteen hundred and eighty-seven and one-half acres. Its natural features are flats along the Fraser river covered with brush, and on the upper benches covered with heavy timber. Vital Statistics. — The population is sevenly-one, an increase of two during the year, there having been five births and three deaths. I WILLIAMS LAKE AGENCY, B.C. ' 311 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good, although they are not as particular about sanitary matters as they ought to be. Resources and Occupations. — Their chief occupations are hunting, fishing, boat- ing, trapping, and working as farm-hands with white settlers. They do not raise any grain. They have good vegetable gardens. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have a fair class of dwellings and horse-stables, a few horses and a number of farm implements, wagons and sleighs. Education. — None of these children have ever received any education. Religion. — These Indians are all Roman Catholics. They have a small church on the reserve. Characteristics and Progress.— They are law-abiding, but inclined to be lazy about cultivating their lands, preferring to hunt and fish for a living. Tempefance and Morality. — On the whole they are temperate and moral. SETON LAKE OR MISSION BAND NO. 1. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the west side of Seton lake, and contains two thousand and eighty-five acres. Its natural features are open bench-lands requiring irrigation, timbered mountain-slopes and poor grazing lands. Vital Statistics. — The population is seventy-two, no increase or decrease, there having been four births and four deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good. Dwellings and surroundings are in a good sanitary condition. Occupations. — These Indians engage in farming and gardening, packing with horses from the reserve to the various gold-mining camps on Bridge river, as labourers at various occupations and in hunting, fishing and gold-mining. Buildirgs, Stock and Farm Implements.- — They have a fair class of dwellings and horse-stables, good horses, a few head of cattle and pigs, and a supply of farm imple- ments. Education. — None of these Indians have ever received any education. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics. They have a small church on the reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — They are very industrious and law-abiding, but owing to the scarcity of water for irrigation, they are unable to cultivate as much land as they cculd. Consequently they are not making much progress in that respect. Temperance and Morality. — They are a temperate and moral people. SETON LAKE OR ENIAS BAND NO. 2. This reserve is situated on the east and west sides of Seton lake, about six miles from its outlet. It contains one hundred and eighty-eight acres. Its natural features are bench-lands and fair timber on the mountain-slopes. There is only one man on this reserve. He makes his living by gardening, hunting and fishing. SETON LAKE OR SLOSH BAND NO. 5. Reser\:^.— This reserve is situated at the head of Seton lake, and contains eighty acres. Its natural features are bench-lands, surrounded by high mountains heavily timbered. Vital Statistics. — The population is thirty-five, an increase of one, there having been one birth and no deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been good. The dwellings are kept clean and surroundings tidy. Occupations. — These Indians engage in farming, hunting, fishing and packing with horses to the Bridge river gold mines. Their women are expert basket-makers. 312 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 These baskets are made from the roots of cedar-trees. The women get from $2 to $8 for them. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — These Indians have fair dwellings and horse-stables, good horses, a few cattle and pigs, wagons, sleighs, harness, saddles, and a fair supply of farm implements. Education. — JtSTone of these Indians have ever received any education. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics. They have a small church on the reserve, are very religious, and in the absence of the missionary, hold morning and evening service. Characteristics and Morality. — They are good workers and law-abiding. They are temperate and moral. • SETON LAKE OR NECAIT BAND NO. 6. Reserve. — This reserve is situated at the foot of Anderson lake, and contains eighty-four acres. Its natural features are bench and bottom-lands, surrounded by high mountains heavily timbered. There are no grazing lands. Vital Statistics. — The population is fifty-three, an increase of one, there having been iwo biiths ;md one death during the year. Health. — The health of this band has been good, and a decided improvv-^ment is noticed about their dwellings and premises. Ocf^npations. — These Indians engage in farming, gardening, freighting in boats and canoes over Anderson lake, hunting, fishing, trapping, and as labourers with white settlers. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have a good class of dwellings and hcrse-stables ; a few horses, cattle and pigs, and a good supply of farm implements. Characteristics and Progress. — They are indu'titrious and law-abiding. A large portion of this reserve is heavily timbered and it. is not easy to make much improve- ment, but the Indians are steadily going ahead and making a fair living. Education. — None of the Indians of this band have aver received any education. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics. They have a small churcli on the reserve. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. SODA CREEK BAND. Reserve. — A portion of this reserve is situated on the east side of the Fraser river and the remainder along the Cariboo wagon road, about fourteen miles from the former. It contains five thousand two hundred and ten acres. Its natural fent\ires are in the portion along the Fraser river bench-lands, while the portion along the Cariboo wagon roarl is nir adow-land. There is good grazing at both places and fairly good timber. Vital Statistics. — The population is eighty-one, no increase or decrease, lhere hav- ing been two births and two deaths during the year. Plealth and Sanitation. — Until the latter end of this month the general health of this band was good, but lately there has been an epidemic of whooping-cough at the refeerve. I instructed Dr. Hoops to attend to these cases and they are reported as get- ting along all right. The Indians' dwellings and suri-oundings are in excellent order. Occupations. — Their principal occupations are farming and teaming, working as farm-hands with white settlers, hunting, fishing and trapping. The women are expert makers of moccasins and gloves, which they sell readily. They also gather aird sell large quantities of berries. Buildings^ Stock and Farm Implements. — They have good dwellings and horse- stables, good horses, cattle and pigs, wagons, sleighs, harness, saddles and a good supply of farm implements. I ' WILLIAMS LAKE AGENCY, B.C. 313 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Characteristics and Progress. — They are making steady improvements on the reserve, as they are very industrious and hard workers. Eduoation. — A few of the children of this band attend the Williams Lake indus- trial school. Religion. — These Indians are all Roman Catholics, They have a vei-y neat church on the reserve and are visited regularly by a missionary. Temperance and Morality. — They are a temperate and moral people. STONE BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the west bank of the Chilcotin river and has an area of four thousand two hundred and twenty-five acres. Its natural features are bench-lands, good grazing lands and hay meadows. Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and eig-ht, an increase of two, there having been five births and three deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good. Their dwellings and surroundings arfi fairly well kept. Occupations. — Farming, hunting, fishing, trapping, and working as labourers with white settlers, as farm-hands and cow-boys are the principal occupations of these Indians. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have good dwellings and horse- stables, good horses, sleighs, harness and saddles, and a fair supply of farm implements. Education. — ITone of these Indians have ever received any education. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics and have a small church on the reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — Until late years these Indians depended wholly on hunting and fishing. Now they are paying more attention to the cultivation of the soil and raise fair crops. Temperance and Morality. — On the whole they are temperate and moral. TOOSEY BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on Riskie creek, a small stream that flows into the Chilcotin river. It contains six thousand three hundred and fifty-two and one- quarter acres. Its natural features are bench-lands requiring irrigation, good grazing and hay-meadow lands. Vital Statistics. — The population is sixty-three. During the year there were no births nor deaths. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good, and their dwellings are in good order. Occupations. — Farming, hunting, fishing, trapping, working as labourers with white settlers, and as cowboys with stockmen, are the principal occupations. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have good dwellings and horse- stables, good horses, cattle, pigs, wagons, sleighs and a good supply of farm imple- ments. Education. — ISTo Indian of this band has ever received any education. Religion. — These Indians are all Roman Catholics. They have a small church on the reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — They are very industrious and law-abiding, and making fair progress on the reserve. Temperance and Morality. — They arc temperate and moral. WILLIAMS LAKE BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated in the Williams Lake valley. It contains four thousand six hundred and thirteen and one-quarter acres. Its natural features are good bottom-lands and excellent hay meadows, surrounded by good grazing lands. 314 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ' i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Vital Statistics. — The population is one hundred and fifty-three, an increase of five, there having been eight births and three deaths during the year. Health and Sanitation. — There was no sickness at this reserve until recently. A few cases of whooping-cough broke out, but not of a serious nature. Dr. Hoops, of the 150-Mile House, attended to them. They have comfortable dewellings kept in good order, as are also their premises. Occupations. — They raise a large quantity of grain, hay and vegetables. They team, hunt and fish, and work as labourers with white settlers. Buildings, Stock and Fai-m Implements. — They have good dwellings and horse- stables, horses, cattle, pigs, wagons and sleighs, and are well supplied with farm im- plements, harness and saddles. Education. — Quite a number of children from this band attend the Williams Lake industrial school. Eeligion. — These Indians are all Eoman Catholics. They have a very neat church on the reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and law-abiding, and are making good improvements on their reserves. Temperance and Morality. — They are moral and temperate. General Eemarks. — The Indians of this agency are steadily advancing, particu- larly in their methods of cultivating their lands, taking much more interest than for- merly, realizing that on this depends their sustenance during the winter months when game is getting scarce. The industrial school at Williams Lake has been conducted very efficiently by the Eev. H. Boening, principal, and the other departmental teachers under him, and too much praise cannot be given them for the attention and care bestowed upon the children under their charge. I have, &c., E. BELL, Indian Agent. British Columbia, Indun Superintendent's Office, Victoria, September 9, 1903, The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report upon Indian affairs in the province of British Columbia, for the year ended June 30, 1903. The respective reports and statistical statements received from the different Indian agents throughout this extensive superintendency were, as they came to hand, duly forwarded to Ottawa, and I am pleased to be able to state that these returns, in accordance with the desire of the department, were received in good time and were as nearly as possible in the required form. Under the different headings formulated by the department the following svmmaiy of particulars bearing upon the subject in hand may, I hope, be found interesting and satisfactory, as showing in a general way the substantial progress being made by the aborigines through the many channels leading to a useful and prosperous position in the ranks of civilized advancement. Vital Statistics. — According to the census returns and to general observation, the native inhabitants of British Columbia are increasing. This pleasing condition is no i INDIAN SUPERINTENDENT, B.C. 315 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 doubt owing in a great measure to the fact that these people have to some extent passed through the trying ordeal of what may be classed as the transition stage, during which time they were subject to many complaints and ailments brought on by a too sudden change f x*om the roughest and simplest diet to the rich food of the well-to-do white man, which, from the facilities they have had to earn money, were indulged in to excess, while simultaneously there was a movement from the old-time houses, which, if rough, and according to our ideas very uncomfortable and not overly clean, possessed, at all events, owing to their primitive structure, openings for the passage of pure air through- out the buildings. Moving from such dwelling-places into, very often, small frame houses, almost air-tight, with frequently large stoves, continually kept going, proved a great strain upon the constitution of both old and young, especially as they were in the habit of rushing out in the cold and wet on the slightest occasion, half clad, not realizing the danger resulting from the changed conditions referred to. At the present time they are getting more and more into the ways of careful white families, who look to ventilation, sanitary conditions, wholesome food and careful nursing, especially of children, as a means of maintaining health and prolonging life. Health and Sanitation. — Throughout the superintendency, and the year now re- ported upon, I am happy in being able to state that the general health of the Indians has been exceptionally good. No epidemics or sickness in any dangerous and extended form afflicted them. In the early part of the year — last fall — a few cases of small-pox, of the very mildest type, appeared among the Squamish band. By prompt and effective action on the part of the department and the provincial health authorities these cases were quickly stamped out before any fatal results were experienced. At Stevenson also, in August, 1902, a supposed case of small-pox was discovered in the Kyuquot Camp (West Coast Indians), which caused the removal of these In- dians to some fields at the outskirts of the town, where they were kept in quarantine, much to their indignation and serious loss, as at that particular time the salmon had . commenced to run and they lost their season's work at the canneries. The man upon whom the rash appeared recovered without having experienced any other ill effects, and none of the tribe, not even his wife, were at all affected by the malady. Owing to improved conditions regulating their manner of living and habits gen- erally, the Indians are becoming more or less free from the ravages of many of the fatal ailments which heretofore afflicted them, such as consumption, so deadly in its effects amongst the natives, and the many dread forms of scrofulous disease. Ordi- nary cases of sickness, as a matter of course, visit some of them from time to time, requiring medical attendance and medicine, which the department carefully pro- vides. Satisfactory results continue to flow from the careful attendance and treatment available at the different hospitals subsidized by the department, where the sick and indigent find a kindly refuge when sorely in need of help and care, and great praise is due to those under whose able supervision the charitable and medical aid bestowed is administered. Vaccination is regularly attended to, and the antagonistic feeling formerly ex- isting against the operation seems dying out, the Indians apparently realizing the preventive benefits arising therefrom. Resources and Occupations. — Under this heading may be mentioned farming, gardening and working as farm-hands on the ranches of their white neighbours, &c., stock-raising and employment as cowboys throughout the white settlements, logging on their own account on government lands under ' logger's license ', and working for wages in saw-mills ; employed as trimmers on ships loading coal, for which they are paid from $-3 to $5 per diem ; loading lumber on ships for export, at which they earn equally high wages ; engaged as fishermen and at other employments around the can- neries ; fur-sealing on their own account and as hunters on schooners owned by white men ; curing halibut, salmon and other fish products for home consumption and for sale; as sectionmen on railways, and labourers on provincial roads; as deck-hands 316 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 on steamers plying between different ports, as boatmen, packers, freighters, guides to miners, hunters and others ; mining on their own account and for hire ; hop-picking, dairying on their own reserves ; catching fish and procuring game in season, which they sell at different cities and towns ; fruit-culture, poultry-raising, making curios copied from ancient native models, for which they find a ready sale among tourists ; building fishing and other boats and canoes for their own use, and for sale ; working in coal-mines ; manufacturing dog-fish and oulachon oil ; working as carpenters and in various other capacities in new towns springing up throughout the province ; cut- ting cord-wood on crown lands for sale at canneries and to steamboat-owners ; also for fuel in towns ; acting as interpreters, as lighthouse-keepers and engaging from time to time in all such other desultoiy occupations wherefrom they expect to derive sufficient remuneration to retomjjense them for their labour. Indian women are also money-earners to no inconsiderable extent. Irrespective of the wages earned annually at the canning centres and at the hop- fields, they make baskets of many varieties of design and finish ; these are highly prized by tourists and command good prices. In some cases they take them to the American side and dispose of them profitably. They cure and dress deer and cariboo skins, out of which they make gloves and moccasins, besides disposing of the dressed skirs intact, which are used for many purposes. They are clever at making mats from the inner bark of the cedar and from rags, some of which are of an attractive and superior quality. They make their own and their children's clothes to a great extent, being materially assisted in the latter by sewing and knitting machines with which ihey are fairly well provided ; they also gather large quantities of berries, which in some cases they dispose of among the white people, the greater part, however, being dried and preserved for winter use ; they also earn considerable money in doing chores and laundiy work at the houses of their white neiglibours. Buildings. — With the exception of one or two of the less progressive agencies, a steady improvement is noticeable in the native residences being constructed each year, as well as in their farm buildings, &c. Many of their dwelling-houses are large and commodious two-story buildings, substantially built, with verandahs attached, and very frequently tastefully painted, and well furnished with, to a certain extent, all modern conveniences. The many cottages being erected are improving in style and comfort and are occasionally made very presentable by the addition of flower-gardens and house-plants. The Indians, I may here mention, are becoming much more careful in the manner in which they spend their money, being less inclined to throw it away in the purchase of useless pinchbeck baubles, and other worthless trash; articles of domestic use, such as will add to the comfort of themselves and families, being more in request. Stock. — In sections of the countiy favourable to such undertakings, stock-raising is successfully carried on. The breed of cattle and horses is being largely improved and when opportunity arises the comparatively valueless cayuse is being got rid of and cattle purchased instead. The assistance rendered by the department through the supplying in a few cases of bulls and rams has been of great seiwice in affording sub- stantial encouragement to those engaged in stock-raising, which has all 'he more effect when coming from a source to which they have been taught to look for help and guid- ance. Pigs, sheep and poultry, are also increasing in the Indian settlements, much to the profit of the owners, who find them easy to manage and care for, besides having a ready market for such produce in the many mining and other towns springing up all over the province. Fai-m Implements. — Owing to the fact that, as time advances, they find many of the channels closed against them through which in former times, when white settlers were few and the extent of country open to them almost limitless, they obtained all the necessaries of life, the Indians are realizing that they will in the future have to look to the land for their support, and are consequently paying more attention to the culti- vntiMn nf the soil, and the raising of stock. As an outcome of that forewarning and i INDIAN aUPEKINTENlJENT, B.C. 317 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 an indication of their praiseworthy enterprise, many of the bands are gradually acquir- ing, purchased with their own earnings, improved farm implements of all kinds, such as reapers and binders, mowers and threshing-machines, worked, some by steam, but generally by horse-power. In many districts, owing to their being so well provided, much money is earned by them during the harvest months by hiring out themselves and their machines to white settlers, &c. With all the smaller implements they are, as a rule, well supplied. Education. — Under this head very satisfactory progress is being made in such localities as are provided with schools. The desire on the part of the parents of Indian children for the education of their offspring is becominar more general each year, av.i in many places where no Indian schools are available the Indian children attend the provincial public schools, where, by their nice behaviour, neat appearance, cleanliness and attention to their studies, they give great satisfaction to their instructors. A per- usal of the full and interesting reports from the principals of the industrial and board- ing schools supported by the department, will repay all who are interested in such good works, and too much appreciation cannot be shown when the great care and untiring attention bestowed by the respective managements of the different denominations con- trolling these institutions is fvdly considered. I have been pleased, during my visitations throughout the superintendency, to observe the many lasting benefits arising from the education and training received at these establishments. Some of the Indian boys who have been so instructed are now engaged, in con- nection with one or other of the missionary societies, in teaching their native brethren, and are proving themselves perfectly capable of doing good. work. Stores have been opened on many of the Indian reserves, operated entirely by the Indians ; the clerks being young, men educated at one or other of the departmental schools. Young native women trained at these institutions go out to service as nurse- maids, and general servants, and give great satisfaction to their employers. In their own homes it is noticeable that those who have had the advantage of such training are much more comfortably off and approach closely the standard regulating the domestic arrangements obtaining in the homes of respectable white people of the industrious class. In the management of their gardens, farms and other industrial pursuits, a method and thrift unobserved by the older Indians is noticed ; the super- stitious beliefs as well as many of the old-fashioned customs which so much impeded the advance of their fathers are dying out, and in another decade I feel assured these will be looked upon as things of the past. Among the younger Indians English is freely spoken and their ambition to a great extent inspires them with a desire to attain that condition which will put them on a level with the white man. Amongst the day schools doing the best work, which is in- a measure owing to the more favourable conditions surrounding the children, may be mentioned that established on th'^ Kitsumkalem re?ervp, of which the Indian agent. Mr. Morrow, writes : " One of the most successful Indian day schools in this agency is located here, under the direction of Miss Tranter, some of the pupils in this school showing splendid progress in all branches taught." While Mr. DeBeck, Indian agent, writes : " The dnv school at Alert Bay has been made a most complete success by Mrs. E. J. Hall, the present teacher." The number and class of schools in this superintendency are given respectively in the different agents' reports ; and fuller and further particulars may be found in returns received, from the various principals and teachers. Religion.- — It is encouraging to be able to state that itnder this head the most satisfactory conditions exist. Religious observances and services continue to be practised with commendable devotion by those converted from paganism to the Christain belief ; indeed, the faith shown by many of these primitive people is most astonishing and often pathetic, affording an example of implicit trust in, and faith- ful performance of, what they are taught to believe are their religious duties. 318 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 The superintendency is well supplied with churches and chapels ; even in the most remote places, when engaged in my periodical visitations, I tind the ' village church,' which can be seen from quite a distance, and always has a softening and com- forting influence, no matter how wild or rough its surroundings may be. Happily at the present time there are but few pagans to be counted among the aborigines, nine-tenths of the whole population being now recognized as members of one or other of the different missionary denominations doing such good work in Bri- tish Columbia. Characteristics and Progress. — The native people are to a great extent self-reliant and industrious. As farm labourers, stockmen, boatmen, guides, packers, loggers, fishermen and as sectionmen on the railway, &c., &c., they are seldom excelled, and ever give good satisfaction to their employers. In many places they turn out volunt- arily with teams and wagons, pick and shovel, and do extensive and valuable work on the public roads in the vicinity of their reserves. They are nearly all good handi- craftsmen and have in places constructed substantial and often extensive bridges in a manner creditable to skilled workmen. Of late, incited by the growing knowledge of the value of the'land on their reserves as a matter of future support, they have erected miles of good fencing and have devoted more attention to the working of the ground at their disposal. Some hundreds of tons of wheat are raised annually and delivered at the flour-mills. There are also striking instances of the capabilities of the natives as farmers and stock-raisers. In some instances individual Indians have large herds of as fine cattle and horses as can be seen on the majority of ranches owned by white men; others, though not so well off, are heading in that direction and the cry for more land is not of infrequent occurrence. Efforts have been made on behalf of some of these to obtain leases of grazing mountain-land from the provincial government, but all such applications have been invariably refused. There are instances of individual Indians of a more independent turn than others having branched out for themselves, leaving their resei'ves and, with the permission of the Lieutenant Governor in Council, pre-empting homesteads under the British Columbia Land Act ; as a rule they do very well and afford a wholesome object lesson to their less energetic and ambitious tribes- men. They are in many settlements rapidly getting into the ways of the white man, taking a hearty interest in all such matters as tend to the welfare of the community generally. Of course there yet are numbers whose situation and environments are less favour- able to progress and who, consequently, seem slow in their advance towards civilization and steady prosperily. It is, however, but a matter of time when these people, as a whole, will have settled down and adopted one or other of the many industrial occupa- tions followed by their more enlightened white neighbours in their general battle for the means of maintaining a comfortable existence. At the present time they are, to a highly commendable degree, law-abiding and friendly, not only towards their own people, but to all others coming in contact with them. Crime is very rare in their communities, and, notwithstanding the many temptations that bt^et them through the machinations of worthless and evilly-disposed white men, &c., they pass through the ordeal .-".reditably, much more so it is generally thought than would their tempters, with their boasted civilization and superior enlightenment, were they similarly exposed. Temperance and Morality. — In this respect it may safely be stated that the ma- jority of the Indians are free from censure, indeed rather desei-ving of praise, their lives evidencing a higher standard of sobriety and morals than is to be found among veiy many of the whites, whose bad example is to be deplored and acts as a serious stumbling-block in the way of the missionaries and others striving for the betterment of the Indian's condition. Unfortunately there are some of the natives whose lives are not exemplary ; those who have been freely exposed to temptation in earlier days have acquired habits of dis- sipation difficult to overcome, while others, owing to imfavourablo environments, have but too many opportunities for the satisfjdng of vitiated appetites. i INDIAN SUPERINTENDENT, B.C. 319 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Every- reasonable effort has been made to prosecute and punish unscrupulous per- sons selling or supplying intoxicants to these unsophisticated people, and the few de- tective constables employed by the department have done much towards suppressing the illegal traffic in the localities where they were employed. General Remarks. — In accordance with the desire of the department, medicines continue to be supplied to the different agents and missionaries stationed throughout the province for dispensation among such of the Indians as may be in need of assist- ance and unable otherwise to obtain medical aid. Medical attendance also under like circumstances has been provided where it has been possible to do so. I may here re- mark that the system put in practice during late years of placing medical gentlemen in different localities under salary for the purpose of affording the above-mentioned relief to the indigent sick, has been found most satisfactory in many ways, especially in the direction of economy and assured succour to the afflicted. Xatives who, through siclmess, old age, or other causes, were found absolutely in want of food and clothing have been relieved and efforts have been made to prevail upon those who could do so to help their suffering friends as well as also to inculcate principles of self-dependence. Although on account of the influx of labourers of all nationalities, and from other causes, fully explained in previous reports, there has been a gradual falling off in the earnings of the Indians for some years past, it is satisfactoiy to note that during the year ending June 30 last there has been a slight increase. This favourable turn in the tide of their prosperity is attributed to the general advance made by the Indians in industrial and economic directions rather than to any adventitious circumstances. Within these reserves, where the construction of irrigation ditches has bean assist- ed by the department, may be seen tracts of land producing good crops, which, before water was available, were almost worthless, thus affording not only a more abundant supply of the comforts and necessaries of life, but also acting as an incentive to higher aspirations leading to more practical efforts towards substantial and lasting advance- ment. As has been previously reported, during the summer of 1901 a fire destroyed ar Metlakatla, the house until then used by the girls' brancli of the Metlakatla industrial school, together with many others. Diaring the past year funds were provided by the department to rebuild premises for the occupation of that establishment. Last spring the work was undertaken and the new buildings, known as the ' Indian Girls' Home,' was constructed upon the old site, which commands a view of the village, the harbour, and the surrounding country for many miles. An expanse of green sward fronts the edifice, which is within easy distance of the seashore, thus affording the children ample room for outdoor exercise as well as facilities for boating and bathing in fine weather. The school stands upon a high embankment, and, being close to the salt water, good drainage is ensured, which, together with the favourable surroundings, should contribute to the health of the inmates. The building is of two stories with a spacious well-lighted attic and a basement wherein provision is made for a play-room for the pupils during inclement periods, as well as for the storing of supplies, &c. The roof is covered with galvanized steel shingles, which will, it is hoped, prevent the occurrence of a conflagration similar to that which destroyed the old building, caused by sparks settling on the roof, blown from a burning house some two hundred feet away. The foundation posts are of cedar and of substantial proportions, the structure being strongly braced throughout, to guard against the severe storms experienced in that locality. The first floor contains a large hall, reception-room, dining-rooms for the staff and for the pupils, class-room, cloak-room, back hall, and lavatories ; kitchen, store-room, wash-room, and wood-shed. Upon the second floor are situated the pupils' dormitories, three bed-rooms for the staff, spacious hospital-room, sewing- room, and room for linen and stores ; the windows are so arranged that the interior of the build- ing is thoroughly lighted and good ventilation has been secured. Should additional accommodation be required at any future time, with a small expenditure considerable iin-used space in the attic could be utilized. 320 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 The superintendence of the work of construction was for the most part carried ouc by Mr. William MacLaughlin, chief clerk in this office, who was placed in charge of the Northwest Coast agency during the time elapsing between the death of the late Charles Todd and the appointment of his successor ; and every effort was made by him to accomplish results favourable to the efficient management of the institution and creditable to the department. Mention may also fittingly be made of the Indian industrial school to be known as the ' St. George's School,' built by the ISTew England Company near Lytton. Several hundred acres of land, much of which had been cleared and cultivated by the former owner, have been secured so that the company has been able to co.nmence operations well equipped and fully prepared to afford practical training to the pupils. A substantial well-finished and commodious building has been erected, the contract price being $11,663, which, with wiring, &c., for electric light, the construction of a reservoir, laying of pipes and terracing the school grounds, will bring the outlay in such connection up to about $12,750. Besides the above there has been the expense of purchasing a heavy team, some pure-bred shorthorns, pigs, &c., &c. A dairy of stone has been added to the farm buildings, which have been enlarged in some cases and generally repaired so that ample accommodation for all the different requirements necessaiy, in connection with such an establishment, has been provided. The company has also found furniture and fittings, &c., for the interior, and supplies, food, clothing, and every care for the boys who may become inmates. It is estimated that the entire cost of establishing this school, including, of course, the purchase of the large area of land referred to, will amount to about, if not quite, $32,000. The staff employed at present consists of principal and matron ; assistant teacher, farm manager, carpenter, shoemaker, two farm-hands and two household servants. As is nearly always the case with a new school started among Indians, it will take some time before it gets into working order up to its full capacity, and it is sincerely hoped that the charitable and liberal provision made for the advancement of the Indian children in that section of the country may, in the near future, be crowned with the success so eminently deserved by the New England Company. I ha-ve, &c., A. W. VOWELL, Indian Superintendent. EEPORT OF INDIAN RESERVE COMMISSIONER. Indian Office, Victoria, B.C., December 18, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit for your information the following report of the work undertaken by the Indian Reserve Commission, and bj' the surveyors em- ployed in the survey of Indian lands in British Columbia during the past year. Surveyor Green has been temporarily employed in the office since April 17, dur- ing which time he has been engaged as follows : — Making tracings of the plans of the different reserves for the use of such of the Indian agents and Indian chiefs as had not hitherto been supplied with the same ; making a comprehensive schedule of reserv'es in this superintendency for the depart- i REPOUT OF SURVEYOR DEVEREUX 321 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ment ; renewing boundary posts on the Cowichan lake and river ; examining tho banks of the Cowichan river for the purpose of ascertaining the amount of damage done by the washing away of banks, &c.; planning and superintending the construc- tion of groins on the lower part of the Cowichan river for the protection of the banks, a work rendered necessary on account of the serious inroads being made by each succeeding freshet at the points protected ; he also, whilst engaged on the latter \york, surveyed a portion of the river which had changed its course since a survey was maae some ten years ago. On May 1, last. Surveyor Devereux, acting under instructions, proceeded to com- plete the surveys of the Penticton, Osooyoos and Similkameen reserves, the boundaries of which were, owing to the precipitous nature of the coiintry, left unfinished by the surveyor first employed upon that work some years ago. At that time the mountain- ous land was considered valueless, and accuracy, at a heavy cost, was not considered indispensable ; within the last few years, however, that section of the country has become an important mining centre, many valuable mineral deposits having been dis- covered, especially in the mountains, which rendered it necessary to have all the lines completed with the greatest possible care. Mr. Devereux reports several serious errors in the work previously done, which will be reported upon at a later date when the matter has been fully investigated. I am glad to be able to state that it is now considered that all necessary surveys in that section of the country have been completed. On October 6, accompanied by Surveyor Green, I proceeded to Arrow lake, in the Kootenay agency, for the purpose of defining a reserve for several families of Indians in that vicinity who hitherto had no land assigned to them for their use and occu- pation. At Burton City I was joined by the local Indian agent, Mr, Galbraith, who pointed out the land desired, when, after a lengthy conversation with the Indians, and an inspection of the ground upon which some houses had been built, and gardens attempted, a reserve of two hundred and twenty-five acres was allotted to them by me, which included their houses, gardens, and camping-ground. I detailed Mr. Green to make a survey of the reserve, thus saving the expense of sending a special survey party to undertake that work. Mr. Devereux's report on his past season's work is herewith inclosed. I have, (toe, A. W. VOWELL, Indian Reserve Commissioner. KEPOET OF SUEVEYOE DEVEEEUX. Victoria, B.C., December 1, 1902. A. W. Vowell, Esq., Indian Eeserve Commissioner, Victoria, B. C. Sir, — I have the honour to present the following report covering the past sea- son's work in the survey of Indian reserves in the Osooyoos division of Yale district. In obedience to your instructions of May 4, last, I proceeded to Penticton and there began the work of connecting and completing the unfinished portions of the boundaries of reserves belonging to the Penticton, Osooyoos and Similkameen bands of Indians. 27— i— 21 322 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 As might be expected, this work was found most difficult, comprising chiefly those portions of the boundaries which owing to the precipitous nature of the country had not been defined by the previous surveyor. After outfitting at Penticton, I proceeded to the Osooyoos reserve No. 2, and completed the boundaries of that plot. I next went to Penticton reserve No. 1, and there finished the unsurveyed por- tions of the western boundary of that allotment. Thence I returned to Osooyoos, and there connected that portion of the eastern boundary of reserve Xo. 1 which had been run by Captain Jemmet in 1889, and also defined that part of it which was left undone by that gentleman. This latter part was found very difficult to survey. On June 30, I left the Okanagan valley, and crossed into the valley of the Sim- ilkameen, and there started on the reserves belonging to the Upper Similkameen Indians. Churchuwayha reserve No. 2 A was the first to be connected and defined. The western boundary of this reserve was found to be 127.47 chains in length. The next work taken up was reserves Nos. 3, 4 and 5. The boundaries of these allotments were completed by August 2. The sui-veys of the Similkameen reserves were begun on August 6, and Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were all finished by September 18. I then defined the boundaries of Nos. 7 and 8, and I regret to state that the old survey of these reserves was found so inaccurate that it will be necessai-y to have a new plan as well as new field-notes filed to show the allotment exactly as it is on the Cround; the western boundary is very much out of meridian, and there is also an error of ten chains in the southern boundary. The southern and western boundaries of reserve No. 10 and 10 A were next sur- veyed. This completed the defining of the whole of the allotments in this section of country. The party was paid off at the end of October in Keremeos, and I arrived at Victoria with the camp equipment four days later. I have, &e., F. A. DEVEREUX. 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1904 REPORTS OF PRINCIPALS OF BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 27— i— 21i 323 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1904 Province op Ontario, St. Joseph's Indian Homk, Fort William, July 1, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sm, — ^We have the honour to submit our annual report of the St. Joseph's Home, for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The St. Joseph's Home on the Fort William reserve, is very pictu- resquely situated on the south bank of the Kaministiquia river, about one mile and a-half from the flourishing town of Fort William. Four miles distant from it is the beautiful Mount McKay. Land. — In connection with the home there is only one acre of land. It is di- vided into boys' playground, girls' playground, vegetable garden, and flower garden. The land, though somewhat sandy, produces flne vegetables. Buildings. — The home is frame, on a stone foundation, and is 70 x 45 feet. Some few feet to the rear of it is a storehouse, 12 x 20 feet. The school, which is 20 x 44 feet, contains two class-rooms and is a few rods from the main building. To the rear of the main building is a hen-house and a wood-shed. The basement of the home is divided into laundry, furnace- rooms, bake- room, kitchen, refectories, boys' play-room and girls' play-room. The ground floor contains parlour, music-room and assembly hall, chapel, boys' domitory and boys' bath-room, and a small infirmary for boys. On the floor above are the girls' dormitories, bath-room, and work-room, and the Sisters' apartments. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for about thirty-five pupils and a staff of five or six. Attendance. — The attendance at the home during the year was fifty. Of this number eighteen were boys, and thirty-two were girls. The number of day-pupils in attendance was forty-two, and of this number eighteen were boys, and twenty-four were girls. Class-room Work. — The class-room work is governed by the oflicial programme of studies for Indian schools. The time appointed for it, is from 9 to 12 a.m. and from 1.30 to 4 p.m., with a short recess in the middle of each session. There are also regular hours of study, morning and evening. Special attention is given to singing, and the time devoted to it is always of special interest to the children, a number of whom are gifted with very fine voices. Private lessons in instrumental music are given to a number of the larger girls, who, as a rule, appreciate this instruction very much. The older girls are also carefully instructed in sewing, dressmaking, knitting, baking and all kinds of housework, and with practice in these branches they make great progress. Farm and Garden. — There is no farm in connection with this home. Our garden is small but well cultivated, and the boys take great interest in planting the seeds and keeping the garden free from weeds. Industries Taught. — The girls are trained in domestic work, including baking, cooking, sewing, knitting, darning, dressmaking and laundry work, and under care- ful supervision have made rapid progress. The boys are taught to keep their apart- ments neat and clean ; to help in the garden, and to attend to the wood and water. 325 326 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Moral and Religious Training. — The pupils are carefully instructed in morals and religion by their teachers and also two or three times a week by the pastor of the parish. They attend all the religious services held in the church, and have morning and evening prayers in the chapel. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the pupils has been good. There is, however, in many of the children a tendency to lung diseases and to consumption. There have been during the year two cases of diphtheria and one case of fever. Water Supply. — The water is drawn from the river by means of a force-pump from which lead pipes lead to the different parts of the institution. Fire Protection. — All fire-appliances are in order. Three Star glass-lined fire-ex- tinguishers are placed in convenient parts of the building. Two fireman's axes and seventy feet of hose are kept in constant readiness. Heating and Lighting. — The building is well heated by two hot-air furnaces. The only means of lighting the institution at present is by the use of coal-oil lamps. The class-rooms are heated by box stoves. Recreation. — Two hours daily, besides Saturday afternoons, are given exclusively to recreation. Both boys' and girls' playgrounds are furnished with suitable games. In summer a ramble in the woods is a most enjoyable feature of their recreation. General Remarks. — On account of the increasing number of children in our home,, we have been obliged to undertake the building of an addition, 40 x 25 feet, in order to be able to accommodate the children. During the past year the Sisters who are in charge of the institution have been obliged to give up their own rooms that they may not have to refuse admittance to 'the children. We have, &c., SISTERS OF ST. JOSEPH. Province of Ontario, Mohawk Institute, Brantford, August 12, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, . Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit herewith a report on the Mohawk Institute for the year ended June 30, 1903. This institute was established by ' The Corporation for Propagating the Gospel in New England,' briefly ' The New England Company ' in the year 1831. Land. — The land comprises three hundred and ninety acres, as follows : lot No. 5, Eagles Nest, township of Brantford, ten acres, crown grant (on this were the build- ings) and one hundred and ninety-four acres by license of occupation ; Mohawk Glebe lot, city, one hundred and eighty-six acres, rented. Buildings. — The institute, laundry and dairy were totally destroyed by fire on April 19 last ; the farm buildings were burnt down on May 7, and the boys' play-house where the lads were temporarily housed was destroyed on Jime 21, the boys being accountable for the three fires. Accommodation. — Accommodation has been provided in temporary buildings for about thirty-five boys and forty-two girls. i MOHA WK INSTITUTE, BRANTFORD, OXT. 327 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Attendance. — The returns for the quarter ended June 30, 1903, show an attendance of fifty-seven boys and sixty-three girls, classified as follows : — Pupils. Standard 1 7 II 13 III 2i • '' IV 39 " V 12 " VI 2.-> 120 The average attendance for the year was one hundred and eighteen. Reducing our numbers in the middle of May to ninety-four has very much lowered the average at- tendance. Class-room Work. — Class-room work covers the full course of the public schools of Ontario. The progress has been very satisfactory. Two pupils passed the ' entrance ' examination last month. The school hours are from 8.30 to 12 a.m. and from 1.30 to 4 p.m. in summer, and in winter from 8.45 to 12 a.m., and from 1.30 to 4 p.m. and from 7 to 8- p.m. All pupils in standards IV and VI have private study from 8.30 to 9.30 p.m. Pupils form two divisions, A and B ; first week, ' A ' division attends scIiodI in the morninood and encouraging. Farm and Garden, — We cultivate only a small area of ground, but on this patch we raise ample vegetables and roots. Both boys and girls take part in the woik under the supervision of a Sister. Industries Taught. — Gardening, stable work, baking, cutting and carrying wood, form tl e principal manual occupations of the boys; the girls are trained in all branches ( f domestic work : bakirg. c ok'na, l.nindrying, sewing, knitting, dressmaking, ironing. S:c. All the children's clothing is made in the school. ^Fnral and Religious Training. — Great r-are and special attention is given to this part of < ducatioii. A certa'n t'me e^ery day is devoted to Christian doctrine, and morn- ing and evening devotions are attended in the ehapel. Health and Sanitation.— One pupil died this summer. With the excep- lin-i of that cise. the general health of the children has been very good. The sanitary i BLUE (,>UILIyS BOARDIXa SCHOOL, X.W.r. 355 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 conditions are looked after carefully ; the ventilation is excellent, and everj'thing is kept clean around the house and the outbuildings. The children get as much outdoor exercise as is practicable and frequent baths are resorted to. Water Supply. — Plenty of good water is supplied from a well dug close to the kitchen. Pire Protection. — Five fire-extinguishers, four hand-grenades, twenty-four fire- pails and four fire-axes are distributed throughout the halls and the rooms. Heating. — The school is heated with two hot-air furnaces put up with the help of the department. Recreation. — Recreation is taken three times a day, after each meal. Football, swimming, fishing, shooting with bows and arrows, swings and skating are the favourite pastimes of the boys. The girls amuse themselves with playing ball, dressing dolls, singing and skipping. Boys and girls have each their own playgrounds and are always under the supervision of an attendant. I have, &c., J. L. LeHER:Nr, Ptre. O.M.I.. Principal. Northwest Territories, Blue Quill's Boarding School, Saddle Lake, Alta,, June 30, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to forward my annual rep;irt for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The school is situated about six miles southwest of Saddle lake, and one mile north of the Saskatchewan river, on the Edmonton road. Land. — About seven acres are set apart for school purposes. Buildings. — The main building is 60 x 30 feet, two and a half stories high, and is divided as well as possible into the various departments required for the convenience of the school. But as space is lacking, we shall be obliged to build. The outbuild- ings consist of a bakery, laundry, storehouse, ice-house, stables and several smaller buildings. x\ttendance. — ^The attendance is. of course, regular, the pupils being all boarders. Class-room Work.— The authorized programme is faithfully followed. Garden. — About six acres are under cultivation. Vegetables are the principal pro- ducts.. Industries Taught. — All the boys work occasionally at gardening. They are also taught housework, and care of cattle. The girls are taught sewing, knitting, and all kinds of housework. Moral and Religious Training. — This is carefully attended to in every resppct. Religious instruction is given daily, and the virtues of truthfulness, obedience, hon- esty, cleanliness, order and self-respect arc constantly inculcated and enforced. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils has been, during the past year,, exceptionally good. "We are indeed thankful for this, especially so as there has been so much sickness in the neighbourliood. We had, however, in the beginning of the spring, a few cases of whooping-cough, which occasioned the death of three pupils. Water Supply. — Water is supplied to the building fi-om a well near by. 27— i— 23i 356 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII.. A. 1904 Fire Protection. — Four chemical fire-extinguishers, ladders and pails are cou- 'stantly kept in places of convenient access. Heating. — The heating is done by means of wood stoves. Recreation. — The pupils have recreation three times a day after meals. The boys are supplied with a number of large swings in their playground. They also indulge in football, baseball, arrow-shooting, toboggan-sliding and skating. The girls greatly enjoy swinging, skipping, hand-ball and skating. All the pupils take a long walk twice a week. In bad weather their play-rooms are utilized for indoor games. I have, &c., LEON SALTER, Principal. Northwest Territories, Crowfoot R. C. Boarding School, Blackiooot Crossing, Gleichen P.O., Alta., August 1, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to forward herewith the annual report together with the financial statement of the Crowfoot boarding school, Blackfoot reserve, for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — This school is situated on the Blackfoot reserve, at the South Camp, about ten miles from Gleichen post office and within a few hundred yards of the Bow river. Land. — There are about twenty-five acres fenced in for the use of the mission and school. The land was given for that purpose by the Indian chiefs with the consent of the government. Buildings. — (1) The main building, which is 36 x 36 feet, three stories high. (2) Two wings to the main building, each 36 x 32 feet, two stories. (3) There is also behind the main building and adjacent to it a two-story building, 20 x 20 feet. The department is aware that the south wing of the main building is not completed yet, and consequently cannot be used. The buildings are divided at present into an ofiice, reception-room, dining-room, kitchen, school-room, working-room and recreation-room for boys on the ground floor and into dormitories and chapel upstairs. (4) A log stable with frame roof, 16 x 48 feet; the addition, 16 x 24 feet has been built during the last current year, and there is also a root-house to store the vegetables. A well- kept fence surrounds all the dependencies as well as the garden, pasture and field. Accommodation. — Urder present aviangtments theve is accommodation for twenty- five or thirty pupils, but when the building will be completed and divided as it should be, there will be accommodation for sixty pupils or more, and a staff of eight or ten. Attendance. — The pupils attend school regularly, all being boarders at the insti- tnle. The present attendance is twenty-two, but only eighteen of this number have been admitted by the department. Twenty-five pupils are allowed the per capita grant for the present year. Class-room WoA. — The class-room work consists in reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, geography, drawing, vocal music, &c. ; progress is noticeable and does the teachers much credit. The programme of the department has been followed. The pupils speak English and seem to be proud of it. i CROWFOOT R. C. BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. 357 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Farm and Garden. — Up to the present time very little farming has been done, the institute not being an industrial school, but the garden provides enough work for the pupils during the summer. Each pupil has his own garden for flowers and vegetables, and seems to take a great interest in it. The garden provides a full supply of potatoes and vegetables for the use of the school. Industries Taught. — The boys have special hours for manual work ; they help in caring for the horses and cattle, and are delighted when they have a chance to drive a team of horses required for the different work carried on around the school. During the summer they work a good part of their time in the garden, hoeing the potatoes and weeding the other vegetables. The girls are taught general housework, such as cooking, sewing, knitting nad mending of clothes. Moral and Eeligious Training. — Instruction in, the doctrines of the Roman Catho- lic Church is imparted to the pupils ; morning and evening prayers are said, and half an hour each day is devoted to religious instruction. The pupils seem to take an in- terest in their religion and show by their behaviour that they understand the moral lessons taught them. Very few had to be punished on account of their behaviour, as their different occupations keep them out of mischief. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good. Three pupils died during the fiscal year : one girl, of tuberculosis, and two boys, one of paralysis of the brain, and the other of spinal meningitis. The sanitary conditions are looked after carefully and everything is cleaned around the place and outbuildings as required. During vacation the pupils were out camping, fishing and picking berries, and that kind of life seems to agree very well with their health. Water Supply. — During a good part of the year all the water-supply needed was obtained from the river. In the beginning of the spring we had a well dug and the water-supply required is now furnished by means of a force-pump. Fire Protection. — Fire-extinguishers, hand-greimdes, fire-pails and fire-axes are dis- tributed throughout the halls and rooms ; there is a pump close by the building, but no tank in the house at present. The stairs inside the buildings and ladders outside constitute the fire-escapes. Heating and Lighting. — The school is heated partly with stoves and partly with a hot-air fui'nace. The building is lighted by petroleum lamps. Recreation. — Football, shooting with bows and arrows, fishing and riding on horse- back are the favourite pastime of the boys. The girls amuse themselves in playing ball, dressing dolls, &c. Recreation is allowed three times a day after each meal, nnd is taken outside in g'ood weather or in indoor games in bad weather, but always under the supei'vision of an attendant. Trusting this report will be satisfactory, I have, &c., J. RIOU, O.M.L, Principal. 358 DFA'MiTME'ST OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII.. A. 1904 XoRTHWEST Territories, Crowstand Boarding School, Crowstaxd p. 0., AssA., September 1, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Siu, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report of the Crowstand boarding school for the year ended-June 30, 1903. Location. — The school is situated on the north bank of the Assiniboine river in northeastern Assiniboia, within a few rods of Cote's reserve and forty-five miles by trail from Yorkton. Land. — The land consists of three hundred acres, being- the fractional south half of section 19, township 29, range 31, west of the second principal meridian. It belongs to the Presbyterian Church in Canada. The soil and location are well adapted for mixed farming. Buildings. — The main building is of frame and contains the staff quarters, kitchen, children's dining-room, recreation-rooms, dormitories, laundry, pantries and school- room. There is also a stone milk-house and ice-house, log carpenter-shop, log granary, frame provision store-room, frame clothing store-room, frame stable, log stable and frame driving-shed. The clothing store-room was erected last fall and is 40 x 18 feet. Aeconmiodation. — The accommodation is suitable for forty-five or fifty children and the staff necessary to carry on the work. Attendance. — The grant is given for forty children, and this number has practic- ally been kept up and sometimes exceeded. There have also been several non-treaty childi-en in attendance. Class-room Work. — A good year of uninterrupted work was spent in the school- room. We were visited during the year and favourably reported upon by the depart- ment's inspector. Farm and Garden. — Last year a good crop of oats, wheat, barley, roots and vege- tables was raised. There was quite sufficient of these products for our own use and there is still considerable grain in the granaries for sale. Twentj^-three acres more were broken last year, and this year we have about fortj' acres of graiii, roots and vege- tables, all looking well. Live Stock. — At present we have three farm horses and one suitable for driving. We have eight cows millving and from these enough butter is made for our own use besides putting by a considerable quantity for winter consumption. In addition, there are twenty-one pigs, beside? hens, turkeys and ducks. Industries Taught. — The industries taught for the boys are: farming, care of stock and poultry, use of tools and implements; and for the girls, all lines of farm house- work, including baking, cooking, dairying, washing, ironing, sewing, knitting and dining-room work. "Moral and Relisriou? Training. — Along with the industrial and intellectual train- ing every effort is made to form well-balanced characters by close attention to ethical and religious education. Each day is begun and closed with singing. Scripture-reading and prayer. On Saturday evening the children meet for an hour for the study of the Sabbath lesson of the week. On Sunday they attend church and Sabbath school. One- :i week a familiar illustrated talk is given on some subject of live interest. Inci- dents in everyday life are made much of in driving home moral and religious truth. Health and Sanitation. — From a sanitary point of view the situation is excellent, hence the health of the school has, as a rule, been good. There have been a few cases i COWESSE^S BOAHDIXG SCHOOL. N.W.r. 359 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 of scrofula, but no epidemic during the year. There was one death from some spinal trouble ending in convulsions. Water Supply. — Much to our disappointment, the effort made last fall to secui'e water by boring piovod a failure. Hence the Assiniboine river continues to be our only source of supply. Fire Protection. — The protection against fire is not first-class. We have five fire- extinguishers, some fire-pails, axes and a supply of hand-grenades distributed through- out the building. From each dormitory there is an outside fire-escape. Heating and Lighting. — The building is heated by two wood furnaces and a couple of stoves in outlying parts of the building. The lighting is supplied by coal-oil lamps, and where possible thej- are arrarged on brackets. Recreation. — Good, separate playgrounds are provided for the boys and girls. Football and various other games are indulged in and encouraged. In cold or disa- greeable weather inside games are resorted to. Sufficient time is set apart for these purposes. General Remarks. — While giving a good general education, an effort is made to guard against giving the pupils utensils to work with that will unfit them for the more rude v.ays of life they may have to adopt when they return to their homes. Such dis- cipline is employed as will tend not so much to military precision in school life as to the formation of habits of self-control, and hence strong characters. All . f whieli is respectfully submitte'::. I have, &e., W. McWHI.\TNEY, Principal. Northwest Territories, cowessess boarddcg school, C'RooKEi) Lake Agency. Broadview, Assa.. .June 80, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent ^aeneral of Indian Affairs. Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my aniiual report on the Cowessess boarding school for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The Crooked Lake boarding school is situated in the Qu'Appelle valley, south of Crooked lake, on Cowessess reserve. Land.- — There are forty acres of land which have been surrendered by the band of the reserve for the use of the Roman Catholic mission. Buildings. — The buildings at present in use are as follows : — the priest's house, 30x20 feet ; the church, 62x20 feet; a house, 20x20 feet, exclusively reserved for the Indians; an ice-house, 12 x 14 feet;' a stable, 65 x 20 feet. The main edifice, with the institute proper, is a three-story building. Its dimensions are 58 x 38 feet, and the height from the ground to the top roof is 52 feet. The basement contains a dining-room, a kitchen, pantry, a dairy-room, a lavatory with a large boiler, a rain-water tank, and root-house. On the first floor are the entrance, the parlours, the chapel, a pharmacy, the school- room, 26 X 15 feet 3 inches, and the boys' play-room, 32 x 14 feet. On the second floor is situated the girls' play-room, the sewing-room, three rooms for the accommodation of the staff, the nuns' quarters, and two sick-rooms, one for the boys and one for the girls. 360 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ' 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 On the third floor are situated two large dormitories, '6b x 23 feet, their height being 12 feet 6 inches ; also a garret containing a large water-tank. During the year a new edifice has been erected, which is used by the Reverend Brothers as a general workshop. It is a two-story building, on a stone foundation, 30x20 feet. The first story comprises a cai-penter's department, which is provided with all the latest wood-working tools, viz., a buzz-planer, a circular saw table, a wood-turning lathe, a band-saw, an emery wheel for grinding tools, and an improved wood-lathe. On the upper floor we have organized a small shoe-shop department, for the pur- pose of teaching our young boys all the necessary manual work. A few of the large boys repaired their own shoes quite satisfactorily. Accommodation. — Under present arrangements there is accommodation for sixty five pupils, and a staff of eight. Attendance. — The pupils being all boarders, the attendance is very regular, and I am happy to state that the emolument has considerably increased during the year. We have reached the authorized number of forty pupils without any difiiculty. Class-room Work. — The programme of studies prescribed by the department is fol- lowed as closely as possible under the circumstances. The subjects taught are : religious instruction, grammar, parsing, drawing, spelling and useful knowledge in arithmetic, history and geography, but special attention is given to reading and writing. The progress is good and encouraging. English is generally spoken, and I may say it is now quite familiar to almost all the pupils. Farm and Garden. — There are about fifteen acres this year under cultivation. We have also a garden in which is raised a full supply of potatoes and other vegetables for the vise of the school. The garden and the farm work give the children a healthy occupation. Industrial Work. — Our children have special hours every day for manual work. The boys are kept working according to their age ; they have learned to bake their own bread, besides they help in caring for the horses, cattle, pigs, and poultry. The girls are taught sewing, knitting and general housework, without neglecting, however, to keep clean their recreation-room and dormitory. Moral and Religious Training. — Particular attention is given to this important branch of education. A short religious instruction is given daily on some practical subject such as order, cleanliness, politeness and obedience ; after which hymns are sung. The character of each pupil is cultivated with care. Health and Sanitation. — The sanitary condition of the school, owing to the excel- lence of our fresh air, drains and the abundance of light, is very good and the general health of the pupils is a surprise to all our visitors. Frequent baths are resorted to and the premises are always kept in perfect order. Water Supply. — Our water-supply is taken from a well in thf basement. Al- though we have all the water necessary for ordinary purposes, still, in order always to have an unlimited supply at hand to be ready for fire, the well should be deepened. The water is of fair quality. Fire Protection. — Fire-protection is abundantly provided for, by means of a gasoline engine and power-pump of one hundred gallons capacity per minute, con- nected by a two inch stand-pipe with a tank in the attic, which tank can be shut off by one pull of a lever and the water is then pumped direct into the stand-pipe main- taining a pressure of 100 pounds on li inch hose with I inch nozzle. These connec- tions are placed in each dormitory and in each hall, also one in basement and one outside of building. The pump and engine are used to elevate the water required to supply the tank in the attic; from thence it flows through a stand-pipe to the plumb- ing system, which is consequently always ready for use. The engine is started by an electric spark, and a stream can be playing on the fire in ten seconds. The engine is also provided with tube ignition, and should a fire start in such a place that the engine could not be operated, we should still have all i DUCK LAKE BOARDING SCHOOL, N. W.T. 361 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 the water pressure from the tank on the hose all the time, which is a pressure of twentj'-three pounds in the basement. The pump is provided with a safety-valve to prevent breakage. Besides we have two Babcock extinguishers in a convenient place, and also a dozen fire-buckets hung up throughout the different rooms. I regret to say, however, that we have not been able, as yet, to provide the building with fire- escapes. Heating and Lighting. — The building is heated entirely by two hot-air 'New Idea ' furnaces. An abundant supply of pure air is constantly admitted, to replace the foul air that leaves by the ventilators, which are placed in the dormitories and halls and give great satisfaction. The school is lighted throughout by acetylene gas, the machine being kept in a properly ventilated room by itself. No lighted lamps are allowed inside and matches are placed under the control of the attendants. Further- more, a new system of generator adapted to the acetylene machine by Rev. Brother Eugene, has greatly improved its working. Recreation. — During summer, football, cricket, swimming, fishing, and shooting with bows and arrows, and in winter skating, singing, playing cards, marbles, checkers and playing the violin indoors, are the favourite pastimes of our boys. The girls amuse themselves with drawing-slates, dressing dolls, playing ball, singing and skipping. Cieneral Remarks. — I am happy to state that we have received twenty-four very nice enamelled iron beds; having been given by His Grace L. P. A. Langevin, Arch- bishop of St. Boniface. These have considerably improved our donnitories. In closing my report I feel it my duty to say that during the past year there has been marked progress among the pupils in speaking the English language, and general conduct is fairly good. I must also acknowledge the zealous co-operation of the members of my staff during the year, all are doing their best to make this school as flourishing as possible. In conclusion I wish to express my high appreciation of the interest taken in our school bv jMr. Begg, who in his visits examines the children and appears well pleased with the progress made by them. I have, &c., S. PERRAULT, O.M.I., Principal. Northwest Territories, Duck Lake Boarding School, Duck Lake, Sask., July 20, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The school is situated about half a mile from the town of Duck Lake, and three miles from Luck Lake re,servt*. Area.— There is one hundred acres of land, the property of the government, in con- nection with the institution. 362 DEPARTMEjS/T OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Buildings. — ]^o additional buildings have been erected since my last lepuil. Souk; of the outhouses have been repaired and repainted. The girls' apartments are com- fortable and spacious, the only deficiency being a working-room. Accommodation. — The boj's are not so well provided for : they lack a suitable re- creation-room, and the dormitories are not sufficiently spacious. Attendance. — One hundred pupils have been xinder supervision during the year. Class-room Work. — Competent teachers have been doing justice to this department and the examinations, rehearsals, musical and calisthenic exercises have given much satisfaction. The advanced students follow the half-time system. Farm and Garden. — Gardening and agricultural pursuits receive the attention of the boys under efficient management. The products of their intelligent labour during the past year were two thousand five hundred bushels of potatoes, and a large quantity of cereals, as well as vegetables in profusion. Our garden is the wonder of the North- west, attracting the admiration and surprise of all who visit it, and convincing many of the incredulous, who have too long looked upon this section of Canada as a desert waste, that the soil and climate are both beyond reproach. Industries Taught. — The boys are instructed in all kinds of fann labour and are kept busy and happy by work, study and recreation. The girls are employed in the occupations suitable to their age and strength. General housework, domestic economy, sewing and knitting occupy the hours not devoted to mental culture. Moral and Eeligious Training. — We are pleased to note that the children respond to the religious training which they receive daily. Their obedience is affectionately respectful. Health and Sanitation. — Although small-pox, scarlet fever, and diphtheria ravaged the vicinity of our school, we are happy to state that, thanks to the good ventilation and sanitary conditions of our house, we enjoyed a total exemption from malignant diseases during the year. We regret, however, to chronicle the death of two of our dear children. Fire Protection. — Fire-extinguishers are on hand and barrels of water are kept constantly ready for use. Stairs leading from the dormitories, afford easy exit in case of danger. Heating and Lighting. — The school is heated by four furnaces, which are care- fully attended to day and night. The lighting system is by means of acetylene gas, which gives great satisfaction in the buildings and throughout the yards and gardens, Recreation. — Great attention* is given to the boys and girls during their hours of recreation ; physical culture is aimed at, and the children are allowed due liberty in all outdoor and indoor amusements suitable to their age and sex. During the time devoted to recreation the most constant supervision is exercised by the staff. Admission and Discharges. — Nine pupils were admitted during the year and six were discharged. General Remarks. — Permit me to tender my very sincere thanks to the depart- ment for the generous and marked interest it has shown to this institution during the past, and I hope that in the future its confidence in my untiring efforts to maintain a first-class boarding school will remain unshaken. The zealous co-operation of our good friend, Agent Jones, deserves parti- cular mention here. May he also accept the ex-pression of my gratitude for his con- stant interest and devotedness in behalf of the poor Indian children Circumstances over which I had no control compelled me to change the community of Sisters which during nine years had lent me their faithful co-operation i*i the dif- ficult task of settling this establishment on a fii'm and satisfactory basis. On July 6, amid the very legitimate regrets of all concerred, these devoted Sisters bade adieu to those whom they had served with disinterested zeal and noble self-sacrifice. An all-wise providence, however, did not leave my dear children without protec- tion. The Sisters of the Presentation of Mary, of St. Hyacinthe, Que., responded to my earnest appeal. Twelve of that community traversed a distance of two thousand i EMMANUEL COLLEGE, X. M'. T. 363 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 miles, with joyful alacrity, to continue the good work in this vineyard of the Lord. They have bravely taken up their new duti'es among strangers — strangers in all ex- cept faith — and I trust to God for a promising and successful future. I have, &c., ir. J. P. PAQUETTE, Ptre, O.M.I., Principal. Northwest Territories, Emmanuel College, Prince Albert, October 20, 1903. The Honourajjle The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of this school for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location and Land.— The school is situated about two miles west of the rising town of Prince Albert. The land in connection therewith is a river lot, having twelve chains frontage, extending back two miles and containing about two hundred acres. Buildings. — There are three buildings occupied by the staff and pupils. The main building is occupied by the female members of the staff, and the girls. The bed- rooms, dormitories and lavatory are in the upper story, and in the lower story are the school-room for the senior classes, the dining-room, kitchen and pantry. There are also in this building a clothing-room, sewing room, and a room for cases of sick- ness. In the second building is a dormitory for the younger boys, with a lavatory, a room for drugs and medicines, an office and apartments for the principal. In the third building are dormitories, lavatory, bath-room, reading and recreation room for the senior male pupils, a room for the head teacher, and also a school-room for the junior classes. The outdoor buildings are: a large house built during the year, 40 X 16 feet, and used as a granary, storehouse, and dairy; a coach-house built during the year, 32 x 16 feet ; a stable, 44 x 22 feet ; a pig-pen, 22 x 12 feet ; and an imple- ment-shed built during the year, 28 x 18 feet. Grounds. — The ground immediately attached to the buildings is laid out to afford ample playgrounds for the pupils, both boys and girls. Accommodation,— The alterations that were made in the rooms of the buildings in the years 1901 and 1902, with the alterations and repairs made during 1903, have helped to give plenty of room for the authorized number of children. Along with these alterations, the kitchen, sewing-room, and both lavatories have been remodelled and enlarged, the main building re-floored, replastered and repainted, all of which have given the buildings a better appearance, and secured greater convenience and comfort for the pupils. Class-ix3om Work.- — The pupils attend school twice daily, with the exception of the elder girls, who assist in the dining-room and kitchen by turns. Tha school hours are from 9.30 a.m. to 12 noon, and from 1.30 p.m. to 3 p.m. Besides the regular school hours, they have study from 8 to 8.30 a.m., and from 7 to 8 p.m. The course of study is about the same as that used in the public schools of the Northwest Territories. Girls. Total. 4 11 11 18 1 8 3 7 1 3 0 2 364 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 The pupils are graded as follows : — Boys. Standard 1 7 II 7 III 7 IV 4 V 2 " VI 2 29 20 49 The reserves from which the attendance is drawn are as follows : — Pupils. Ahtahkakoop's 17 John Smith's 9 James Smith's 4 James Roberts' 1 William Charles' 4 William T watt's 5 Mistawasis 2 ISTon-treaty 7 Total 49 Farm and Garden. — Owing to heavy rains in the months of May and June, the crops were retarded in their growth and consequently were not as good as they were the previous year. Our crops last fall reached, about one thousand two hundred bushels of oats, two hundred and sixty-two bushels of potatoes, ten bushels of caiu-uls, live bushels of onions, five bushels of heels, two tons of turnips, four tons of brome grass, ana twenty-eight tons of wild hay, the whole of which was grown on the college farm. Industrial Work. — All the general work required on the premises is performed by the pupils. The girls are taught all kinds of useful housework, such as sewing, knitting, making clothing, mending, darning, washing, ironing, house-cleaning, and cooking. All the bread that is used in the school is made by the girls, and is baked in a portable Reid oven, which has a capacity of eight loaves of two pounds weight. The boys are taught the various kinds of farm work, such as attending to the horses and cattle, milking the cows, drawing water, chopping and sawiug wood, plough- ing, harrowing, harvesting, hay-making, carpentry, repairing of fences, and any or- dinary work required. Moral and Religious Training. — Morning and evening worship is regularly con- ducted for the whole school. On Sunday regular religious services are held in the college chapel, morning and evening. Every Sunday ;if t( rnO(na at three o'clock Sunday school is held. This lasts one hour, and is always a profitable hour. The children are very fond of singing hymns and the study of the Holy Scriptures. The Institute leaflet is one that is used in the Sunday school. A number of our pupils are communicants. The conduct of the pupils has been very satisfactory. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils has been fair. During the months of January and February we had ten children ill with scarlet fever. Fortun- ately we were able to isolate them and thus help to prevent the epidemic from going through the whole school. Dr. Kitchen was very attentive and rendered good service, and I am also thankful to add that no deaths occurred. The children have as much out -door exercise as is practicable. The dormitories, class-rooms and all other rooms are kept very clean and well ventilated. • Water Supply. — We have one good well with good water, the other two have gone dry. We had a new well dug, but it will have to be deepened, and when this is done, we shall have two good wells. i E/x'MIXESKIXS BOAR I) I Nil SCHOOL, N.W.T. 365 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Fire Protection. — A fire broke out in the main building in October, but with the help of our boys' fire brigade, buckets, &c., we were able to check the fire and extinguish it before it made much headway. The damages resulting from this fire were promptly paid by the Siui Insurance Company, in which company the buildings are insured. We have eight fire-extinguishers, which were supplied by the department, eighteen hand-grenades, twelve fire-buckets and two axes. Heating. — Stoves are used in two of the buildings, but in the main building, where the girls and female members of the staff live, a furnace is used. The fuel used is wood. Attendance. — The attendance has been very regular, and during the course of the fiscal year two pupils have been admitted and four pupils were honourably discharged. Recreation and Amusement. — Our children have plenty of recreation. The boys have cricket, football, swings, military and physical drill. Besides this the college brass band furnishes a good deal of amusement and delight and does much to enliven the place. The girls take a great deal of interest in their calisthenic corps. They enjoy physical drill, dumb-bell exercise, skipping, throwing and catching the ball, swinging, reading and music, and a walk almost daily, attended by a member of the staff. We endeavour to make the children feel as happy here as possible. I have, &c., JAMES TAYLOE, Principal. North-west Territories. Ermineskin's Boarding School, HoBBEMA, Alta., July 9, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my aniiual report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The Ermineskin's boarding school is situated on the Ermineskin's reserve, about a mile from Hobbema station, in the district of Alberta. There is no post office at Hobbema, but the mail is delivered each day. Land. — There is about twenty acres of land in connection with the school, which has been allowed for the wants of the mission. A part of this land is used for play- grounds for the pupils. A large garden takes up the second part, and the rest is used for pasturage. Buildings. — There are three buildings occupied by the members of the staff and by the pupils. The first contains the Sisers" private rooms ; the second consists of a kitchen on first fioor and a chapel above ; the third, which is 40 x 45 feet, is entirely given to the use of the pupils. This last consists of a school-room and a refectory on the first floor, a dormitory for boys, an infirmary and a sewing-room on the second floor ; and a dormitory for girls on the third floor. Accommodation. — If the building were finished, we consider that we should have accommodation for about seventy-five pupils and twelve Sisters. Attendance. — We have at present twenty-six boys and twenty-two girls. The aver- age attendance during the year was from forty-five to forty-eight pupils. Class-room Work. — The programme of studies prescribed by the department is closely adhered to, and I may say that success has crowned our efforts, for the pupils 366 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 have made marked progress in each branch of study. They have acquired a most satis- factory knowledge of the English language. The inspector. Major McGibbon, aft&r his last visit, expressed his satisfaction with the school in very high terms. At his request, a few samples of composition, arithmetic and drawing were sent to Ottawa. Farm and Garden. — The three acres of land under present cultivation as a garden,, presents an encouraging appearance. Industries Taught. — During the working hours the boys and girls are taught in their respective branches. The boys work in the garden, look after the cattle and prepare the wood for fuel; they are also taught baking and shoe-mending, and keep the yard clean. The girls, besides housekeeping, are taught sewing, knitting and the cutting and making of their own clothing, as well as that of the boys. All this work is done by hand. The mending of all the clothing, and the darning, is also done by the girls. Moral and Eeligious Training. — The greatest care is given to the moral and religious training of the pupils. Each day half an hour is devoted to religious instruc- tion, which is given by the missionary or teacher. They also attend a daily service at 6 a.m. Health and Sanitation. — Two pupils died during the year, one as a result of con- sumption and the other from a tumour, and two have gone back to their homes on account of scrofula. There were no other cases of sickness during the year. The ventilation is excellent throughout the building. Water Supply. — There are two wells in the vicinity of the school, and a good pump which gives us satisfaction. Fire Protection. — A dozen barrels and quite a number of pails are kept constantly filled with water, and ladders are attached to the different buildings. There is a trap door in the higher dormitory. Heating and Lighting. — The buildings are heated by stoves and lighted by lamps. Recreation. — In the winter the boys' recreation consists in coasting and skating, while in summer their most favourite game is football. The girls like coasting and singing drills when they are indoors; in summer long walks and fruit-gathering are what they enjoy the best. I have, &c., L. DAUPHIN", O.M.I., Principal. Northwest Territories, File Hills Boarding School, Balcarres, August 18, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the File Hills boarding school for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location.— The school is situated on section 32, township 23, range 11, west of the 2nd meridian, about four hundred yards to the west of the File Hills agency buildings. Land. — About two hundred acres of land are connected with the school, and owned by it. Four aci-es are inclosed with the buildings for vegetable and flower gardens, and lawn. i GORDON'S BOARDING SCHOOL N.W.T. 367 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Biiildings. — The buildings arei^the home, 30 feet square, three stories high, built of stone, with mansard roof, and a new frame addition, which is not quite com- pleted, 20 X 30 feet, two stories high. The new part has a kitchen and isolated hospital room on the first flat, and boys' dormitory on the second. The old frame kitchen is now enlarged to 12 x 30 feet, and is used as a laundry. The school is a frame building, 16x34 feet, with stone foundation and porch in front, situated about twenty yards west of the home. The old log stables have been replaced during the year bj- a new log one, 20 x 30 feet, on stone foundation, with shingled roof-. It has a hay-loft, which will hold about four tons of hay. A log granary has been erected, 18 x 18 feet. The remaining buildings are a log carriage-house and a root-house. Accommodation. — In the house there is good accommodation for twenty-five chil- dren and four of a staff. Attendance. — The number on the roll is fifteen. Class-room Work. — The work in the class-room has been very good. The pre- scribed programme of studies has been followed. Farm and Garden. — There are about nine acres altogether. Last fall we had suf- ficient potatoes to carry us safely through the winter, and had a good yield of other vegetables as well. Indtistries Taught. — The girls are taught general housework, baking, butter- making, sewing, washing and ironing. The boys are taught gardening, farming, care of stock and general chores both inside and out of the school. Moral and Religious Training. — These subjects receive special attention. They are taught each day. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the children was good until last fall, when measles broke out among them. This left them weakened for the winter and caused scrofula to come to the surface. Keeping them under as little confinement as possible and leaving them out in the fresh air is having the desired effect. There was one death during the year. Water Supply. — We have a sufficient supply of water convenient to the school. Fire Protection. — We have ladders and pails with water at hand; also two fire-ex- tinguishers. There are two ways of escape from every sleeping-room. Heating and Lighting. — Stoves and oil lamps are used. Recreation. — The children enjoy the ordinary outdoor sports and games; various games in the home are introduced during -the long ,winter evenings. I have, &c., KATE GILLESPIE, Principal. Northwest Territories, Gordon's Boarding School, Kutawa. Assa.. July 7, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Siu, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the Gordon's boarding school for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The school is located on the west side of Gordon's reserve about twelve miles from the agency headquarters. Land. — The area of land in connection with the school is three hundred and twenty acres, and comprises the east half of section 4, township 27, west of the second 368 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 principal meridian. This, I believe, has been allotted to the school by the government. Its natural features are prairie, very hilly, with some sloughs, and about twenty-five acres of tillable land, but no wood. The above is suitable for pasture. Buildings. — The main building is the same as reported last year, and is used for school purposes. Separate buildings are provided for a laundry and storehouse; and the stables, which are the same as mentioned in last year's report, are used for the horses and cattle and also poultrj'. The root-house and ice-house are also the same as reported last year. A new building has been erected, 16 x 20 feet, used for a driving-shed and a new tank has been put in the basement six feet high, six feet wide and twelve feet long. Accommodation. — There is ample accommodation for thirty-five pupils andi four of a staff. Attendance. — The attendance has been remarkably good during the past year. Class-room Work. — The pupils' course of studies is that laid down by the depart- ment. I may add that there is a vast improvement, especially in speaking English, which is very marked. Farm and Garden. — We do not farm, but our garden consists of about thi'ee acres. An abundance of vegetables of every description was raised. There is also a beautiful flower garden, which is the delight of the children. Industries Taught. — The boys are taught the care of horses and cattle, poultry and pigs, milking and gardening in summer. The girls are taught all household duties, butter-making, and the care of the same. I cannot speak too highly of the children as to their proficiency in their work. Moral and Religious Training. — Very careful attention is paid the pupils in this respect. Their moral conduct has been excellent during the past year, and in no case had severe punishment to be administered. Health and Sanitation. — The health on the whole has been fair. Two pupils have been discharged with scrofula ; no deaths occurred during the past year. The sanitary condition is all that can be desired ; the building is well ventilated, and kept very clean, and I may say the children take a pride in helping to keep it so. It has been alabastined and painted. Water Supply. — Our water-supply is obtained from wells, about three hundred yards from the school, but we hope to get our supply somewhat nearer this summer. As a I'ule we always have an abundance of soft water. Fire Protection. — This consists of two Babcocks, two Carr chemical fire-engines, one pump, two lengths of hose, twelve buckets, six axes, sixteen hand-grenades, nine fire-extinguishers, and a small tank, besides several water-barrels. Heating and Lighting. — The building is heated with wood stoves, and the light- ing ia done by means of coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — Football, and swings, fonn their favourite pastimes during the sum- mer months, while coasting, and many other games in the school-room are indulged in during the winter. I have, &c., M. WILLIAMS, Principal. i HOLY- ANGELS BOARDING SCHOOL, N W.T. 369 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Northwest Territories, Holy Angels Boarding School, NATi^aTY Mission, Fort Chipewyan, Athabaska Lake, July 2, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to send you the annual report of the Holy Angels board- ing school for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — This school, situated near Fort Chipewyan, belongs to the Eoman Catholic mission, and is under the care of the Sisters of Charity. Fort Chipewyan possesses no post office; neither are we located on a reserve. Land. — The soil is sterile and rocky. The only farm we possess is a small, flat, and low stretch of land which admits of the cultivation of barley and potatoes. Carrots, cabbage and turnips thrive but poorly in such barren soil. Buildings. — The building is as follows : the main building is 50 x 30 feet, to which are added two wings, the west wing, 38 x 27 feet, and the seat wing, 50 x 25 feet. A large class-room, an infirmary for the boys, two refectories for boys and girls with two parlours and a kitchen, to which is added a wash-house, on the first floor. On the second floor is situated a large class-room, the girls' recreation-room, infirmary and dormitory; further on is a small chapel and rooms reserved for the tise of the stafl^. Accommodation. — Accommodation can be provided for sixty pupils, seven Sisters and six auxiliaries. Attendance. — School is kept regularly except on usual holidays. All the pupils follow the course prescribed, when not prevented by sickness. Class-room Work. — The subjects taught are: reading, writing, grammar, geo- graphy, arithmetic, history of Canada and vocal music. Farm and Garden. — The children weed the garden and assist after school-hours in whatever little work they can do on the farm. The boys saw and chop in the yard all the wood required for fuel. Industries Taught. — The girls are taught sewing, knitting, darning, embroidery and cooking. We neglect nothing to procure for them the advantage of becoming housekeepers. Moral and Keligious Training. — Careful attention is paid to the moral and religious training of the pupils. Our children being generally good-natured, it is very seldom that we are obliged to have recourse to any punishments. Health. — Up to the present time the physical state of the pupils has been thoroughly satisfactory. Water Supply. — The water used here is drawn from the lake by means of a pump. Fire Protection. — The fire-appliances consist of a force-pvmip, with hose, ladders, buckets and axes. Heat and Light. — Wood is used for heating and coal oil for lighting. Recreation. — Eecreation is taken after meals in the open air, during which the children enjoy outdoor games. In cold weather a long walk is taken every day. I have &c.. 2Y— i— 24 Sr. McDOUGALL, Principal. 370 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Northwest Territories, Isle a la Crosse Boarding School, Isle a la Crosse, Atha., July 3, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir,— I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The school is situated on a peninsula of the lake of Isle a la Crosse. Our nearest post oflace is at Green Lake, eighty miles south of the school. Land. — The soil in the district is very poor for agriculture ; however, there are about twelve acres under cultivation. Buildings. — The institution comprises one building with a frontage of eighty feet and a depth of thirty. It is for the purposes of the school. Another building is for the use of the Sisters in charge. Accommodation. — Accommodation can be. provided for thirty girls and twenty boys with the necessary staff. Class-room Work. — The children have made good progress, chiefly in writing and arithmetic. Farm and Garden. — Twelve acres are under cultivation ; barley and potatoes are the principal products of the farm. Industries Taught. — The boys help in whatever little work they can do. The girls are taught sewing, cooking, washing and general domestic work. Some of them have succeeded wonderfully in tapestry. Moral and Keligious Training. — Cai'eful attention is paid to moral and religious training by the teacher and the principal himself. The conduct of the pupils is very good. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils was good until an epidemic visited the country and the school also. There were no serious cases. Water Supply. — We use no other water than what we draw from the lake. Fire Protection. — The only fire-appliances are ladders, buckets and axes, but a supply of water is always kept on hand. Heating and Lighting. — The buildings are heated by wood stoves and lighted by coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — Care is taken that due time is given for i-ecreation. I have, &e., H. SIMONIN, Ptre,, O.M.I. Principal. Northwest Territories, Lesser Slave Lake (CE) Boarding School, Athabasca, September 5, 1003. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to forward my annual report on the Church of England boarding school at Lesser Slave Lake for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The school faces south, being situated about a mile from Buffalo lake, over which it looks Buffalo lake is joined by the Heart river to Lesser Slave lake i LESSER SLAVE LAKE G. E. BOAHDIXG SCHOOL, N. W.T. 371 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 proper ; the latter is about six miles from this mission. Heart river passes within half a mile of the school, emptying itself into the lake. This mission is not situated on a reserve. Land. — The land, which was surveyed during the summer of 1901, contains about ninety acres, and is the property of the Church Missionary Society, it consists of bush and prairie ; the soil is sandy loam, well adapted for all kinds of agricultural purposes. Buildings. — The girls' home, 24 x 30 feet, the ground floor of which is divided into the children's dining-room, matron's sitting-room, and sitting-room for the teacher and wife (the latter is matron for the boys). The matron's bed-room and girls' dor- mitory are on the upper floor. There is a kitchen adjoining, 12 x 15 feet. The boys occupy a new wing, which was added to the original building in the year 1900. Its dimensions are 32 x 34 feet ; the ground floor is used as a school-room and boys' day-room ; the upper floor as boys' dormitory and teacher's bed-room. The other buildings consist of a fish and ice-house combined, with a school store- room above; a root-house, an implement-shed, stables, old storehouse, with clothing- room above and two closets. A new closet, 10 x 5 feet, for boys, was erected this year. Accommodation. — There is room for fifty pupils, and four of a staff. Attendance. — For the three quarters ending December, 1902, March and June, 1903, we had a daily school average of twenty-seven and one-half, thirty, and twenty- eight and one-half respectively. Class-room Work. — English, reading, w^riting, arithmetic, geography, general knowledge, ethics, recitations, vocal music, cooking and religious instruction, are taught in the class-room. Fann and Garden. — The boys assist in all farm and garden work. This year we have about nine acres of oats, and two acres of bai'ley under cultivation ; also two ■acres of potatoes, and a garden of about half an acre well stocked with vegetables of various kinds. We can safely say that our garden would equal unythhip; in the Calgary or Edmonton districs. Considering the drought in June, the oats and barley have done very well. Milch cows and horses are kept at the mission. Industries Taught. — Agriculture is the only industry taught. Moral and Religious Training. — The moral and religious training inipo'-tod at this school is carried on under Church Missionary Sociiety lines. Health and Sanitation. — There are two closets, one for boys and one for girls, about thirty yards from the buildings. We have had very little sickness among the children in the home this winter. Water Supply. — During the summer, water is brought from the rive.' by means of a water-cart ; ice and snow are used in winter. Fire Protection. — A ladder is attached to the roof of the kitchen and another to the roof of the home. Heating and Lighting. — All the buildings are heated by box stoves, wood being the fuel used. The home is lighted with coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — Football, baseball and indoor games form the chief recreation of the pupils. General Remarks. — All the land owned by the mission is inclosed within a fence, about half of which is of wire. The posts are twelve feet apart, with a top rail and four strands of wire. I have, &c., C. D. WHITE, Principal. 27— i— 24i 372 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904- NoRTHWEST Territories, St. Bernard's Mission R. C. Boarding School, Lesser Slave Lake P.O., July 1, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of the St. Bernard's Roman Catholic boarding school. Lesser Slave Lake, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The situation of the school on the northeastern bank of the Lesser Slave lake is both pleasant and healthful. It stands on a slight elevation which slopes towards the water and the setting sun, and commands a good view of the sur- rounding country. As this location necessitated levelling part of the forest, the site happens to be quite bordered by woodland, which makes a pleasant resort for the children during warm weather. Land. — The area of land connected with the school is about nine acres and belongs to the mission. Buildings and Acccommodation. — The main structure, seventy-two feet long by twenty-eight feet wide and three stories high, is a large and commodiously appor- tioned dwelling of fourteen compartments, six of which serve for the girls, as recre- ation hall, dining-room, sewing-room and dormitories. The remaining apartments excepting the chapel and kitchen are occupied by the staff, which is composed of eleven persons. To the right and a little in the rear is the boys' house, a two-stoi-y building, sixty feet long by twenty-five feet wide, which will accommodate forty pupils. The first floor is partitioned off into recreation hall, dining-room, and a class-room for smaller pupils. The sleeping apartments are on the second floor. The school-house, also to the right of the. main building, but extending forward is thirty by twenty-four feet and three stories high. It comprises two cheerful well- lighted class-rooms, the upper floor being used as a store-room. Spacious and well kept grounds surround the three buildings, and flower-beds, which add greatly to the general appearance of the place, are laid out and carefully attended to by the pupils under the direction of the teachers. Attendance. — The average attendance was from forty to fifty pupils. Some of these entered in September and left at the end of June; about thirty remained dur- ing the summer months. School-room Work. — The school hours are from nine to eleven o'clock in the morning; the afternoon session from one to four, being interrupted by a school recess. Three teachers were engaged with the pupils and in order to gain attention took great pains to make their lessons interesting and instructive. Most of the pupils applied their minds arduously to their studies and a visible progress was realized. A marked improvement was noticed in their pronunciation last year, which was undoubtedly due to careful exercise in class recitations. The children like to appear before strangers, and several opportunities of display- ing the capabilities were afforded them during the term, the chief among these be- ing their annual entertainment, which was as usual tendered to the public at New Years. The programme of studies laid down by the department was carefully carried out by the teachers. The grading of the pupils is as follows : — Standard 1 17 pupils " II 10 " " III 12 " IV 2 « i MUSCOWEQUAN'S BOARDING SCHOOL, X.W.T. 373 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Farm and Garden. — About two hundred and ninety-five acres of land are under tillage, the farm comprising two hundred and fourteen acres; the rest is cultivated as a garden. Industries Taught. — When the girls have reached a proper age, they are taught the culinary art, washing, ironing, sewing, dressmaking, and, in a word, all that can contribute towards making them competent housekeepers. The larger boys are trained to work on the farm, while the younger ones are kept busy weeding the garden, carrying wood and doing other light work about the house. Moral Training. — The moral and religious training is based on the pure and unsullied doctrine of the Holy Scriptures. A half hour daily was given to religious instruction, while to make certain that the moral education was carefully attended to, the pupils were kept continually under the supervision of one of the teachers. Health and Sanitation. — Considerable sickness prevailed in the neighbourhood last winter, but no contagious disease was contracted at the school, excepting influenza, two cases of which gradually developed into consumption and carried off two of our pupils, viz., Marie Beaver, ISTo. 010 ; and Adam Bigf eet, No. 36. Another pupil, Leon Lalonde, No. 62, died early in the summer of a complicated disease which resembled brain fever. Water Supply. — Very good water is supplied by wells dug close to the house. Fire Protection. — These wells, ladders and a hose are our only protection against fire. Heating. — The principal building is heated by a hot-air furnace, which gives great satisfaction. The chief advantage of this mode of heating is the even tempera- ture produced throughout the entire building. The other buildings are heated by stoves in which we burn pine, spruce, poplar and birch. The surrounding forest abounds in trees of these kinds. Recreation. — The boys and girls have large playgrounds leading from their respective departments, where they enjoy themselves during the different seasons at all the games and sports common to their ages. The Roman Catholic mission has a small steamboat for the pui-poses of visiting the different bands along the lake, and for conveying pupils to and from school. The children are occasionally favoured with an excursion. By attaching two large boats to the steamer, the entire number may be taken in the same trip. Per Capita Grant. — The government grants yearly $72 per capita for forty pupils. I have, &c., A. DESMARAIS, O.M.I., Principal. Northwest Territories, Muscowequan's Boarding School, Touchwood Hills, Assa., June 29, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I acknowledge with gratitude the substantial government aid received by me during the past year and I beg herewith to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The Muscowequan's boarding school is located on the quarter of section 14, northwest, township 27, range 15, about twelve miles from the Touchwood 374 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 agency and Kutawa post office, and seventy-two miles from Qu'Appelle, C. P. R^ station. Land. — The land connected with the school is a homestead of one hundred and sixty acres, the property of the Oblates of Mary 'Immaculate. There is a large garden prettily laid out in front of the house; trees are planted alongside of the former. On one side of the school a nice parterre surrounded with trees has been laid out. Buildings. — The school buildings include the old church, 24 x 56 feet, which now serves as a boys' recreation hall, and a new stone house, 50 x 30 feet, erected six years ago. This new building is two stories high and contains a basement. The latter com- prises a large cellar, seven feet high, part of which is used as a root-house and dairy. On the first floor are : a kitchen, a bakery, a pantry, refectories for Sisters and pupils, a small room for visitors and the chapel. On the second floor: girls' dormitory 27 x 28 feet, sewing-room, play-room, and Sisters' apartments ; there is also a large and comfortable attic. The other part of the building, forming an angle, inchides on its first floor : the class-room ; on the second floor is the boys' dormitory, 20 x 39 feet, airy and well lighted. There is no cellar under that part of the building. The other buildings are : the principal's house, carpenter's shop and stables. There is also a windmill, which enables us to cut fire-wood, crush grain and pump water in sufficient quantity for the daily needs of the house. Accommodation. — This school has ample accommodation for fifty pupils. Attendance. — Thirty children attended school regularly during the year. Class-room Work. — The course of study outlined by the department is followed as closely as possible. Great attention is given to correct English conversation, writing, reading, arith- metic, spelling, drawing, declamation and singing. A satisfactory progress has been noticed in all the above mentioned subjects. Farm and Garden. — There is no farm attached to this school, but there is a beautiful garden. Industries Taught. — The girls are taught general housework, cooking, baking,, butter-making, sewing, knitting, darning, mending, washing and ironing. The boys are taught light housework, gardening and stable work. I cannot speak too highly of the proficiency of both boys and girls in their work. Moral and Religious Training. — No effort is spared to instruct our pupils thoroughly in principles of faith and religion. Regular instruction is given, and the pupils show great interest. The conduct and general behaviour give great satisfaction. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the children during the year has been excellent, there being only one case of scrofula, which through constant care, now appears better. Every attention is given to the sanitary condition of our buildings and their surroundings. Water Supply. — Water is supplied to the school; from three different wells, two on the premises near the school and one in the cellar, under the kitchen, from which water is drawn by means of a force-pump which conveys the water to a tank fixed near the roof of the building, from which the water-supply is distributed by means of iron pipes. Fire Protection. — The school has been provided by the department with two Bab- cocks, twelve fire-pails and axes. There are also two force-pumps and plenty of hose for proper working in case of fire. Heating and Lighting. — The building is heated with wood stoves. Eighteen were used last winter, and this is not sufficient to keep the frost out, especially in the dormitories and bed-rooms. Light is supplied by coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — Regular hours are set apart for recreation each day. In the summer months the boys take great pleasure in football, arrow-shooting, gamesi with marbles and tops. The girls enjoy skipping, running, singing and other games. i McDOUGALL OnPHANAdE AND BOARDING SCHOOL, N. W.T. 375 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 General Remarks. — The past year has been characterized by health, a spirit of obedience, contentment and cheerfulness, on the part of the pupils, and has been one of remarkable advancement in every regard, especially in the acquirement of the English language. Concerts were given during the winter months and it is with pleasure that we noticed how greatly surprised the people were at the ability and deportment of the pupils. In conclusion, I extend my heartfelt gratitude to Agent Martineau for his kind- ness and the great interest he takes in the welfare of the children. I have, etc., J. E. S. THIBAUDEAU, O.M.I., Principal. Northwest Territories, McDouGALL Orphanage and Boarding School, MoRLEY P.O., Alta., June 30, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my fifth annual report on the above school for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The school with the land attached there^to is situated on lot eight, Bal- langer survey, Morleyville settlement, near the confluence of the Bow and Ghost rivers, and about four miles east of the eastern boundary of that part of the Stony reserve north of the Bow river. Land. — The land owned by the school consists of the grant made by the govern- ment, comprising one thousand one hundred and thirty-seven acres. The quality of this land is poor and not much adapted to agricultural pursuits, being mostly of a gravelly nature, and is very largely used for grazing purposes. Buildings. — The main buildings are frame, on stone foundations, and consist of two wings, one of which was erected in the fall of 1891, 38 x 14 feet, and the other in the fall of 1900, which is 26 x 40 feet. The basements of these buildings are used for recreation-rooms and lavatories during the winter months. The school-room is also a frame building, 25 x 35 feet, on a stone foundation, and very well ventilated. It is situated on a hill about one hundred and twenty-five yards north of the main buildings. These buildings are right in the foot-hill country; in fact almost under the shadow of the Rockies, and the view from the school premises is grand. Accommodation. — There is good and ample accommodation for lorty-five pupils, and seven members of a staff. Attendance. — The attendance for the year has been good. Allowing for those ordered out on sick leave by the medical officer, almost as many pupils as the rule of health will allow have been present. Class-room Work. — Under this head the rules of the department as well as the course of study authorized by the same, have been strictly carried out, the third and fourth standards working on the half-day system with industries between. The chil- dren under faithful management have done a great deal of work, and this in a most satisfactory manner. Progress is very manifest in this department, and in the monthly reports from the sch.ool-room, good conduct is a very prominent feature. 376 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Farm and Gai-den. — Comparatively speaking, very little farming is done, beyond the growing of a quantity of green feed to be used as fodder for the stock in winter time. Our nearness to the mountains forbids much agricultural pursuit beyond the growing of a small quantity of potatoes, turnips and some of the hardier vegetables. We have about forty acres under cultivation which is as follows : thirty acres of oats, nine acres of wheat and one acre of brome grass. In vegetables, we have half an acre of potatoes, one acre of turnips and about a quarter of an acre of small seeds. Industries Taught. — Under this head we have been very careful that efficient in- struction be given, in order to enable these boys and girls to acquire the mode and system necessary to keep abreast of the times, and thus earn their own livelihood after leaving school. -The boys are taught in the various branches of ranching, plough- ing, seeding, mowing, teaming, milking, fencing and building ; more especially do they excel in axe work and teaming. The girls are most efficiently taught in sewing, knitting, mending, cooking, baking, washing, ironing, and dairying, and many of them have proved themselves very apt pupils. Moral and Religious Training. — Both by example and precept have we tried to instruct these children in the faith in which we believe, and it is Very gratifying to note that we have not laboured in vain. Religious exercises are as follows : morning, reading of the Scriptures and prayers ; evening, singing and prayers ; Wednesday evening, service ; Sunday morning service at 11 o'clock ; Sunday school, 3 p.m. ; church service when weather permits, and a song service at 7.30 p.m. Their morals are highly commendable and the general deportment is satisfactory Health and Sanitation, — For the last three years the health of these pupils Las been improving, and especially during the past year has it been good. During fine weather the pupils are given as much outdoor exercise as possible, which we find very beneficial to their health. .The sanitary condition of the premises never was in such good order before. Fire Protection and Water Supply. — The only fire-protection we have is four Babcock fire-extinguishers and twelve grenades. The water-supply is our principal diawback,. as it has to be hauled a distance of over a quarter of a mile, and entails a tremendous amount of work, both on man and horse-flesh. Heating and Lighting. — The main building is heated by two wood-burning fur- naces and several box-stoves. The furnace in the new wing is quite satisfactory, but the one in the older building is badly out of repair and requires attention. The school- room is heated by a wood-burning box-stove. Wood instead of coal is used in the kitchen range. The dining-room is lighted with two gasoline lamps, coal oil being used in the rest of the buildings. Recreation. — Swings have been erected for the girls and other games adopted. The boys play football and many other games of their own invention. In winter-time skating is a very popular exercise. General Remarks. — Our Indian agent, Mr. H. E. Sibbald, has assisted in every way in his power, and our medical officer, Dr. Lafferty, has responded promptly to our calls. I have, &c., JOHN" W. NIDDRIE, Principal. i OXIOX LAKE R. G. BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. 377 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Northwest Territories, Onion Lake R, C. Boarding School, Onion Lake, Sask., June 30, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of the Onion Lake (St. Anthony's) Roman Catholic boarding school, for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The school is situated on Seekaskootch reserve, about twelve miles from Fort Pitt, on the north side of tlie Saskatchewan river. Land. — About seven or eight acres of land are fenced in and set apart for school purposes; buildings, gardens, playgrounds and yards. The land belongs to the reserve. • Buildings. — The school is a frame building, 45 x 35 feet, three stories high, ex- clusively for the pupils. Another building, 25 x 20 feet, is for the use of the Sisters, and to this is attached the kitchen and pantry. The storehouse, laundry and bakery are separate buildings. During the year a new hen-house, ice-house, stable and boys' closets were erected. Accommodation. — There is good accommodation for sixty pupils and a staff of ten persons. Attendance. — The pupils being all boarders, the attendance is regular. Fifty pupils were present the whole year. Class-room Work.' — Two teachers are charged with the different classes in separate rooms. The programme of the Indian schools is followed. The school was examined by Inspector Chisholm on June 12 and 13. The result was very satisfactory. I think the pupils did credit to the-mselves and teachers. Farm and Garden. — About three acres of land is cultivated successfully with all kinds of vegetables. The pupils, both boys and girls under the close supervision of a teacher, do all the work, except ploughing. Industries Taught. — The boys have the care of horses and cattle, preparing fuel, bakery, cobbling, and care of their own rooms, except scrubbing. They are also very handy with carpenter's tools, and do all the light repairing that is to be done at the buildings. The girls are taught all household duties. They had great pleasure in each preparing specimens of their own hand-work to show the inspector at the time of his visit. Moral and Religious Training. — Careful attention is paid to moral and religious training. The conduct of the pupils being generally good, punishments are rarely resorted to, and pleasing and useful rewards are awarded to merit. Health and Sanitation. — I regret to say that three pupils died during the year of consumption; except those three, the health of the pupils has been very good. Water Supply. — Plenty of good water is supplied from a well at a short distance from the school. Fire Protection. — One well, ladders, stairs, galleries, pails and axes are kept in readiness, and are our principal protection from fire. Eave-troughs have been put round the buildings, and barrels are most of the time full of water. Heating and Lighting. — The buildings are all heated with stoves ; and lighted by coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — Recreation is taken three times a day after each meal, during which the pupils indulge in outdoor games. During the summer holidays a good camping out along our beautiful lakes is much enjoyed. I have, &c., E. J. cmraiNGHAM, Principal. 378 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Northwest Territories, Onion Lake C. E. Boarding School, Onion Lake, Sask., August 4, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit the annual report of the school under my charge in this- agency. Location. — The school is situated on the northeast corner of Makaoo's reserve, and about three hundred yards southwest of the agency headquarter buildings. Land. — There are perhaps twenty acres of land connected with this school and mission, this land being part of the reserve. Buildings. — The school-house now, is a new building (frame) 30 x 40 feet, three stories high. The lower floor of this building when finished, will be divided into two class-rooms. The second floor will 1x3 partitioned into rooms for the staff and a room for any of the boys who may be sick or suffering from any non-contagious or non-infectious disease. The third floor will be one large dormitory without partition. Great care has been taken in the ventilation and lighting of this building. We have been using the lower floor as a school-room since April. The building originally used for a school is now used only as dormitories and laundry. The log building near the school-house, which was used as carpenter's shop and beys' recreation-room, was pulled down, as it was very inconveniently situated and altogether too. near the new school-house. Near-by is a storehouse some 15 x 20 feet, with a garret for storing clothes; provisions, beef, fish, and game are stored on the lower floor. The building whicPi form the quarters of the staff and all the girls of the school is made up of six buildings, put up at different times, but all connected ; any one of the four outer doors gives entrance or egress to the whole building, which is about 60 feet square. On the lower floor of this building are the principal's office, Indian room, pantry, kitchen, dining-room, store-room, two bed-rooms, and dispens- ary. All the upper floors are used as bed-rooms for the staff and dormitories for the girls ; the dormitories for the girls being one flat, 24 x 36 feet, without partitions, and another, 20 x 24 feet, likewise without partitions. A building, 20 x 20 feet, two stories high, has been added to the buildings occupied by the staff; this addition fonns the quarters of ladies comprising the staff, and leaves the girls' dormitories unob- structed by any partition, and places the rooms of the staff in such a position that they have at all times entire command of the dormitories. There is a cellar 20 x 30 x 7 feet. Our stables have been enlarged and finished till now they are second to none in this place. Accommodation. — Accommodation can be providetl for seventy pupils and also for a staff of eight. Attendance. — All the children being kept in the house, the attendance has been perfectly regular, except in rare cases, when a child would be sick. Class-room Work. — Very marked progress has been made in class-room work during the past half-year, especially is the improvement noticeable in reading, writ- ing, arithmetic and English-speaking. Earm and Garden. — Our farm-land now extends a trifle over three acres. We raise vegetables and root crops enough to supply our whole household. The work is almost entirely done by the staff and scholars. Industries Taught. — The boys are taught carpentry, and house-building princi- pally. They also have the care of horses and poultry-, as well as the care of the cows,. and the milking, and working of the cream-separator is also part of their work or duties. We also raise a few hops, and this forms part of their work. i PEIGAN a E. BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. 379 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Girls are taught knitting, sewing, cooking and general housework, and the mak- ing of butter 'and cheese. Moral and Keligious Training. — To this part of their education particular care and attention is paid. Each one of the staff fully recognizes that without careful moral and religious training, all the other training is simply wasted, or even worse. We do not aim to teach them the tenets of any particular church, preferring to teach them the simple old gospel, ' The Old, Old Story ' — Christ first, the Church after- wards. , Health and Sanitation. — On the whole the health of the children has been very good. Water Supply. — Our water-supply is amp'le, four wells being used, and each of them containing a supply of good water. Fire Protection. — Two small chemical fire-extinguishers, ten fire-pails, three axes^ and constant watchfulness and care as to stoves and stove-pipes, are all the protection we have in the large building occupied by the staff and girls of the school. At the school-house and boys' dormitory there is a well with abundant water, a force-pump and hose and nozzle for same. Heating. — All our premises are heated with wood stoves. In places where there is greater danger of children playing with fire, I use top-draft stoves, so that it is almost impossible for the children to get at the fire. Recreation. — The principal recreations are football, baseball, swings and athle- tics, including the crosscut-saw or the wood pile. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have, &c., J. R. MATHESOIT, Principal. Northwest Territories, Peigan C.E. Boarding School, , Pincher Creek. P.O., Alta., June 30, 1903. l^he Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit ny annual report on the above institution for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — This school is built on the bamks of Pincher creek, and is situated on the northeast quarter of section 12, township 7, range 29, west of the -ith meridian, and two miles from the Peigan reserve. The post office address of the school is Pincher Creek, Alberta. Land. — The school owns forty acres of land, being legal subdivision 9 of the sec- tion above named. Buildings. — The buildings consist of a boarding school proper, with a small sum- mer kitchen, 12 x 16 feet attached to the rear of the building, a carpenter's shop, 16 x 24 feet, and a stable, 18 x 30 feet. The boarding school is 78 x 32 feet, thirty-two feet over all. It is a frame building, and is lathed and plastered throughout ; it contains kit- chen, dining, play and sleeping-rooms for the children, and rooms for the staff, as well as store-rooms and lavatories. Accommodation. — This school has accommodation for forty pupils, viz. : twenty- four boys and sixteen girls, also accommodation for a staff of six persons. S80 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Attendance. — There are at present in attendance twenty^six pupils: eleven boys, and fifteen girls. Class-room Work. — The children have made good progress in all their studies. Farm and Garden. — We have a good garden of two acres. All the vegetables were grown that were needed for the school. A large number of trees have been planted. Industries Taught. — The boys are taught to take care of the horses and other stock at the school. They do all the bread-making for the pupils, and all their own work on the boys' side of the institution ; also their own washing, and assist with their own mending. The girls are taught sewing, mending, washing, and general house- work, and also assist in the kitchen. Moral and Keligious Training. — Eeligious instruction is given daily, both morn- ing and evening, while on Sundays the children attend Sunday school at 10 a.m., ser- vice in their own language at 1 p.m., evening service at 6 p.m. The moral conduct of the pupils has been good. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils has on the whole been good, with the exception of several scrofulous cases, and two deaths from consumption. Last fall this school was visited with what is called American small-pox, and while it was a very loathsome disease, there were no fatal results. The sanitary conditions are all that can be desired. Water Supply. — An ample supply of good water is obtained from a drive-wheel in the kitchen. Fire Protection. — The only means of fire-protection is four small fire-extinguishers. Heating and Lighting. — The building is heated by two large hot-air furnaces, made by Pease, of Toronto, which give every satisfaction. The building is lighted with ordinary lamps. Kecreation. — The boys are very fond of football and hockey, and during summer enjoy swimming in the creek. The girls play all kinds of games of a simple nature. General Remarks. — This school was flooded twice during the year, owing to Pincher creek overflowing its banks ; the basement being full, the furnaces were under water for some days. Also, considerable damage was done to the foundations of the main building, which makes it very difficult to keep the building warm and com- fortable. I have, &c., ^ W. R. HAYNES, Principal. Northwest Territories, Peigan R. C. Boarding School, Macleod, Alta., July 26, 1903. 1 he Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, . Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit the following report of the Peigan Roman Catholic (Sacred Heart) boarding school, on the Peigan reserve, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The school is situated on fine elevated ground on the north side of the Old Man river, a very healthy location, in the centre of the Peigan reserve, in close proximity to the agency buildings. Sacred Heart Boarding School, Peigan Reserve, Macleod, Alta., is the address of the institution. i PEIGAX, R. C B0ARDI2iG SCHOOL, N.W.T. 381 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Land. — The land on which the school is built belongs to the reserve; about half an acre is fenced for a vegetable garden, in which we raise a good crop every year. Buildings. — The school building consists of a large house, 84 x i!6 feet, with an addition on the north side for a kitchen, 19 x 16 feet, and a pantry, 17 x 14 feet. The centre building is 30 feet square, two stories high. The roof part is un- finished, and consequently unoccupied. On the first story are the refectories for the boarders and for the stall, the parlour, and a corridor leading from the front door to the kitchen. On the second story are the rooms for the staff, and a good-sized chapel. On the west side, on the fii'st floor are the class-room, and the recreation-room for the boys, 25 X 14^ feet ; on the second floor the dormitory for the boys, 29J x 25 feet. On the east side, on the first floor are the sewing-room, and the recreation-room for the girls ; on the second floor th.e dormitory for the girls. Both sides are of the same size. We have a small outbuilding, 18 x 17 feet, used as a stable and chicken-house.. With the departmental grant, we put up last year a laundry 30 x 20 feet. In the first story is situated the washing-room, 20 x 20 feet, and the coal-room, 10 x 10 feet, while in the upper story is the drying-room. Accommodation. — The buildings affords accommodation for forty pupils and the staff. Attendance. — The pupils of this institution are all boarders, and consequently the attendance is regular. Last year we lost six pupils ; one boy died at home of con- sumption ; three boys and two girls were transferred to Dunbow industrial school. We received four new pupils : two boys and two girls. Class-room Work. — We follow the prograrome of the department. The progress is generally fair and encouraging. Farm and Garden. — Most of our children are too young to be of much use on a farm ; but at special hours they help in the garden. Industries Taught. — Our children have special hours every day for manual work. The boys work in the garden, keep clean their rooms and dormitory, scrub the floors, and do a little work around the house. The girls are kept busy at general housekeep- ing, sewing, mending and washing clothes, and helping in the kitchen. Moral and religious Training. — Special attention is given to instruct our pupils in moral and religious truths. Catechism and Bible history ai*e taught evei*y day by the priest. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils has been generally good this last year. Scrofulous diseases have very nearly disappeared, and the health of the pupils is generally improving. Water Supply. — The institution has two wells now, one a few feet from the kitchen, the other close to the garden. They furnish a sufficient supply of water for the establishment. Fire Protection. — We have a fire-extinguisher and axes ; also buckets of water are kept at convenient places. Heating and Lighting. — We use common coal stoves to heat the school ; coal-oil lamps are used for lighting, and proper care is taken against any danger by fire. Recreation. — We have two recreation-rooms, large and well ventilated ; one for the boys, the other for the girls. We built a fence last year around the school-build- ings, and have now two good yards for the children, one for the boys and the other for the girls. Besides this, behind the buildings there is a nice piece of prairie, where the children can play in good weather, under the supervision of some ot the staff, and where the boys take special delight in playing football. T have, &c., L. DOUCET, O.M.L, Principal. 382 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Northwest Territories, KouND Lake Boarding School, Whitewood P.O., AssA., August 5, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit the following report of the Eound Lake boarding school for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The school is beautifully situated in the Qu'Appelle valley, at the east end of Round lake. The buildings are situated upon the noi-theast quarter sec- tion 14, township 18, range 3. The south half of section 23, in the same township, also belongs to the school. Buildings. — The buildings are frame on stone foundations, and consist of the boarding school proper, the school and barn. The boarding school proper, contains waiting-room, dining-room, parlour, girls' waiting-room, tailor-shop, store-rooms, kitchen, sleeping-rooms, laundry and cellars. The school contains school-room, two class-rooms, teachers' rooms, and boys' sleeping- rooms. Accommodation. — ^^The buildings are capable of accommodating eighty pupils. Health and Sanitation. — The location of the buildings is well drained towards the river and the lake. The rooms are large, with plenty of light and ventilation. Everything about the buildings is kept clean. The health of the pupils has been good, there having been no case of scrofula in the school. Water Supply. — The supply of water, which is abundant, is obtained from the river and lake. There is also a good well and a rain-water cistern. Class-room Work. — The pupils attend school from 9 to 12 a.m., and from 1 to 3 p.m. The programme of studies of the department, has been followed, and the pro- gress is encouraging. Farm and Garden. — There is a farm in connection with the school under the supervision of an experienced farmer. About seventy-five acres are under cultiva- tion. We have about one hundred head of cattle. The garden supplies us with all the vegetables we require. Industries Taught. — The boys are instructed in farming and gai-dening ; the care of horses, cattle, pigs, poultiy, carpenter work, painting and dairy work. The girls are taught baking, cooking, laundry work, tailor and dressmaking, sewing, knitting, mending and fancy needlework; also general housework. Attendance, — The attendance during the year has been very regular ; a few of the boys have been allowed to assist their parents for a week or two in the busy season of the year. Moral 'and Eeligious Instruction, — Religious instruction is given not only in morning and evening devotions, in the Sabbath school and public services, but in all our teaching and dealings with our pupils we seek to build up a Christian character. Fire Protection. — Fire-extinguishers are kept in convenient places, and a con- stant supply of water and fire-buckets is kept on hand; stove-pipes and flues are kept in good repair. Heating, — Our premises are heated with hot-air furnaces and wood-stoves. Recreation, — This consists of football, croquet, swings, swimming and all the general games of the playground. General Remarks, — Music is being taught, both vocal and instrumental. In- struction is given in the theory and practice of vocal music ; also on the organ and piano. Some of our pupils show considerable ability. All of \ which is respectfully submitted. I have, &e., H. McKAY, Principal. i SARCEE BOARDING SCHOOL, X.W.T. 383 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Northwest Territories, Sarcee Boardixg School, Calgary P.O., Alta., August 24, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit a report of the Sarcee boarding school for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The school is situated on the southwest corner of the reserve, near the agency headquarters. Land. — About ten acres are fenced for school and mission purposes. Buildings. — The school is under one roof. It consists of boys' and girls' wings, separated by dining-room and kitchen. The dining-room and kitchen have been plastered since my last report, by the aid of a special grant from the department. The picket fence, which extends around two sides of the school, has been painted. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for twenty boys and ten girls, and for a staff of three. Attendance. — Fourteen pupils are on the roll, one of whom has been out on sick leave for some months. The total number allowed by the department is fifteen. Class-room Work. — This has gone on as usual, and fair progress has been made. Moral and Religious Training. — This has the fii"st place in all our work, and we believe our efforts are attended with a great measure of success. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils has been good during the past year. Water Supply. — Two pumps and a windmill raise water from wells, about thirty- two feet deep. Fire Protection. — ^Barrels of water, buckets and axes are kept in convenient places. Two Patton fire-extinguishers are on hand. Heating and Lighting. — Coal and wood stoves provide the former, and lamps, in which coal-oil is used, the latter. Recreation. — Swimming, riding and fishing in summer, tobogganing and skating in winter, provide some of the children's recreation. They also go for walks and take an interest in flower gardening. The elder pupils enjoy reading. General Remarks. — The staff remains the same as last year. Mr. P. Stocken teaches, and also superintends the boys out of doors. Mrs. Stocken has general charge of the indoor work, and Miss Crawford is girls' matron. All the work in the insti- tution is done by the pupils, who are mostly all quick and capable. I have, &c., J. W. TIMS, C.M.S., Principal. Northwest Territories, S-\[OKY River (St. Augustine) R. C. Boardixg Scirooi.. Smoky River, via Edmonton, Alta., June 30, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to present herewith the annual report of the Smoky River (St. Augustine) Roman Catholic boarding school, for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — This school is prettily situated on the left bank of the Peace rivei-, a few miles above the mouth of the Smoky. The surroundings are really enchanting 384 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 by their variety, and by the new scenery presented to the sight almost at every step; while the panorama opposite the mission presents a dense forest of all the variety of trees to be found in the Northwest Territories. Our premises are surrounded by a crown of hillocks — all in meadows — rising finely to an altitude of one thousand feet. Land. — The land connected with our establishment is owned by the Oblate Fathers who established the mission in the year 1886. It has not yet been surveyed but the low land near the river is estimated to comprise about three hun- dred and fifty acres. Sixty acres are under cultivation at present. A good pasture meadow of two hundred acres has been fenced on the face of the hills, on the north side of the property, and an abundant spring of water permits us to keep the cattle and the horses near at hand from the first fine days in spring till late in the fall. Buildings. — The buildings are as follows: a two-story structure, 35 x 20 feet. The lower portion is entirely used for school purposes, while the upper part is used as a boys' dormitory, provided with iron spring beds. A second building, three stories high, 40 X 26 feet, has two wings, each 25 x 15 feet, and an addition two stories in height. The lower story is suitable for culinary work and the upper as a dining-room. In one of the wings of our main building is the chapel, and the other is used as a store- room. The dormitory for girls is in the third story, which forms the Sisters' resid- ence. It has been lately provided with iron spring beds. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for sixty pupils and eight Sisters. Attendance. — The pupils being all boarders, the attendance is very regular. Class-room Work. — The pupils all attend school twice daily from eight to eleven a.m. and from one to four p.m. The programme of studies given by the department is followed in every point with a persevering application. Farm and Garden. — The older pupils help the lay Brothers during seeding-time and hai-vesting. A large quantity of wheat, oats, potatoes, carrots, turnips, onions, cabbages, beets, pease and beans have been reaped on the large farm, the property of the mission. The crops were of the best. The boys help in gathering the cattle and the horses. They saw all the wood for the use of the school and keep the yard in the best of order. Industries Taught. — While the girls are taught sewing, knitting, dressmaking and general housework, the boys like to help on the farm and in the little garden which is under the care of the Sisters. Moral and Religious Training. — Religious instruction is given daily by one of the Reverend Fathers, besides the special care with which the Sisters attend to this important part of the education. Everything is done by both precept and example to instruct the pupils in the principles of faith and religion. We are justified in stating that their conduct and general behaviour give great satisfaction. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the children has been good, if we except a slight outbreak of influenza towards spring. We regret to announce the death of one of the pupils. Water Supply. — The river which flows near the mission furnishes an abtindant supply of water. , Fire Protection. — Besides the river, there is a creek, also ladders as protection against fire. Heating. — The heating is done by a hot-air furnace. Recreation. — The ordinary games are indulged in by the pupils. I have, &c., SISTER SOSTINE, Principal. i ST. ALBERT BOAHDING SCHOOL, y.W.T. 385 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Northwest Territories, St. Albert Boarding School, St. Albert, Alta., July 2, 1003. The Honourable The Superintendeait General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of the St. Albert boarding school for the fiscal year just ended. Location. — The school is situated about nine miles north of the town of Edmon- ton. It is not a reserve, but is in the St. Albert settlement, bordering on the Stur- geon river. Land. — The area of land in connection with the school and owned by the corpora- tion of the Sisters of Charity, is three hundred and thirty-five acres ; situated in township 54, range 25. Over two hundred acres are under cultivation ; the rest is in pastures and woodland. Buildings. — There are two principal buildings. The main building, 180 x 35 feet, contains the school-rooms, and is occupied by the staff and the girls ; it is four stories with a basement. The other building, 50 x 30 feet, is used by the boys. A large re- fectory and infirmary for the boys has lately been completed. The outbuildings are : bakery, laundry, meat-house, ice-house, implement-shed, repair-shop, granary, horse and cattle stables, besides numerous smaller buildings. Accommodation. — The school has accommodation for two hundred persons. Attendance. — The average attendance, during the year, was seventy-two. Class-room Work. — The public school programme for the Territories is followed. The children have shown considerable aptitude in the pursuit of their studies and have made great progress during the year. Farm and Garden. — Over two hundred acres of land is under cultivation, and with the exception of three hired men, the work is done by the boys. Industries Taught. — All the pupils are employed, certain hours daily, each ac- cording to sex and ability, at various kinds of labour. The girls do the sewing and mending of all the clothes, cutting and making of new clothes, baking, cooking, laun- dry work, and all ordinary household duties, also carding, spinning, knitting and fancy-work. They carried off the first prize for their work at the Edmonton exhibi- tion. The boys attend to the farming, gardening, dairy work and the keeping of the farm implements, harness and shoes of the pupils in repair. They also take care of all the horses, cattle and jvoultry we have on the premises. Moral and Heligiotis Training. — Careful attention is paid to the moral and re- ligious training of the pupils and every effort is made to instil into their minds their duty towards God and man. The pupils' conduct being generally good, punishment is rarely resorted to. Health and Sanitation. — An epidemic of whooping-cough which followed measles, raged last spring throughout the country, and many pei-sons died. The only two deaths at the school I had to report during the year, were two of its victims. Every precaution has been taken to ensure perfect sanitary conditions. Water Supply.— The water-supply for the houses is obtained by hot-air pump- ing-engine, giving five hundred gallons of water per hour. We also have two good wells on the premises for watering the cattle. Fire Protection. — A tank of fifteen hundred gallons' capacity is situated in the attic. The water is forced into this tank by a hot-air pumping-engine and thence it is distributed throughout the buildings. Five fii'e-extinguishers, twenty grenades and three axes are conveniently placed about the halls (the grenades and two fire- extinguishers were suplied by the department). We also have hose and ladders, six in number, on and around the buildings. 27—1—25 386 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 ID WARD VII.. A. 19C4 Heating and Lighting. — Two hot-air furnaces and several stoves, heat the build- ings. Coal-oil lamps are used for lighting. Recreation. — The pupils indulge in healthful outdoor games three times a day after meals. Several picnics were given during the year, especially during the warm season, which the children immensely enjoyed. Greneral Remarks. — Last year a new set of young boys were trained for the brass band. They were invited out on several occasions for contest. These young musi- cians' success drew compliments from all sides. Seven members of parliament, and many other distinguished persons visited the school. At each time a reception was given, in which the children took an active part. The programme on these occa- sions, being well rendered, reflected credit upon the school. I have, &c., SISTER L. A. DAIS^DURAXD, Principal. Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan District, Thunderchild's (St. Henry's) Boarding School, Battleford, June 29, 1903. The Honoui-able The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, , Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to forward the annual report of this school for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The Thunderchild's (St. Henry's) boarding school is adjacent to Thunderchild's reserve, on the Roman Catholic mission property. Land. — The land in connection with the school consists of the southeast quarter section 6, township 46, range 18, west of the third meridian, patented. It is a plateau with nice groves and is about one mile distant from the Saskatchewan river. It is adapted for any kind of grain. Buildings. — The main building contains the class-room, one refectory, two dor- mitories and the apartments required for the staff. There is a kitchen also. In con- nection with the main building there is a laundry, two pantries, two summer-houaea, a swing and a shed. The shed, 12 x 16 feet, was converted into a bakery last June. This, with the purchase of a portable steel oven, cost $450. Thes^ last mentioned buildings are not the government's property, as no grant was paid by the department for their completion. Accommodation. — The building affords accoromodation for over twenty-five pu- pils and a staff of six. Attendance. — The pupils of this institution are all boarders and consequently the attendance is regular. Class-room Work. — Very marked progress was made along these lines during the past year, especially in reading, writing and the speaking of English. Earm and Garden. — We have about fifteen acres of potatoes, other vegetables and grain under cultivation. Both boys and girls take part in the work under the super- vision of a Sister. Industries Taught, — The boys take care of the cattle and horses, besides sawing and splitting all the wood used by the institution. The girls are kept busy at general housekeeping, sewing, knitting, washing clothes, helping in the kitchen, &c. i ]VABISCO^V LAKE B. C. BOARDING SCHOOL. N.W.T 387 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Moral and Eeligious Training. — Every opportunity is taken to teach the pupils their moral resiwnsibilities, and to persuade them to practise civility, kindness, obedi- ence, truthfulness and honesty. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the children this year has been first-class. The sanitary conditions are very satisfactory. Underground drains carry off the water from the kitchen and laundry ; disinfectants are used where necessary. By means of an Eolian ventilator on the roof, each room is excellently ventilated. Water Supply. — A well dug at great expense gives us good water, but not suffi- cient for fire-protection. The reason is that the well is not deep enough, and we can- not find a man brave enough to do the work for us. Fire Protection. — "We have on hand two Patton ' Star ' glass-lined, chemical fire- extinguishers and three ladders. Heating and Lighting.— Ordinary box-stoves alone are in use for heating pur- poses, whilst coal-oil lamps supply the needed light. The lamps are in the Sisters' Recreation. — Football, bows and arrows, marbles, swings and skipping ropes form the favourite pastime during summex months. Coasting, and games in the school- room are the chief recreations during winter. I have, &c., H. DELMAS, Ptre., O.M.I., Principal. NoRTHVi^EST Territories, Wabiscow Lake R. C. (St. Martin's) Boarding School, Lake Wabiscoav, July 1, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of the Wabiscow Lake (St. Martin's) Roman Catholic boarding school, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The mission is situated on a picturesque little stony point of land, on the north side of the lake, and the school-house stands but a short distance from this beautiful expanse of water. Land. — The area of land in connection with the school is about eight or nine acres, which is under cultivation. The Oblate Fathers are the owners of this land, and on their premises the school is built. Buildings. — There are four buildings, the two largest of which stand in a hori- zontal line, having the church between them, but advanced toward the lake, so as to form an oblique line to the two buildings. The building on the east side is three stories high, the largest room on the first floor being consigned to the use of a school- room, while two other rooms are used, one as a dining-room and the other as a sewing- room. The addition on the north side is two stories high, the lower of which contains the kitchen and the upper the boys' dormitory. On the second floor of the main buildings is situated the Sisters' apartments and the chapel. The third storj^ is entirely occupied by the girls as a dormitory. A store- house has been constructed a few paces from the kitchen and in it are kept all the provisions and groceries. 27— i— 25i 388 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Attendance. — The children have attended school very regularly during the term. There has been no absence from the number of pupils on the roll. Class Work. — I am pleased to state that the pupils are progressing in their studies according to their tender ages. Several of them are very talented. The major- ity of our scholars are -fond of school, and are also diligent and studious. Industries. — The boys are kept quite busy carrying water for th© supply of the house, preparing fuel, and in the proper season they are taught gardening. They also aid in taking care of the domestic animals. The girls are taught to sew and knit, and all kinds of mending. They manifest good dispositions, are willing and arLxious to learn dressmaking and all that relates to household duties. Moral Training. — The Reverend Fathers and Sisters attend to this part of the education with the greatest care and vigilance. They work with untiring zeal to instil into these young minds a love of God and their duties as Christians. As a general rule they are docile and obedient, thus giving satisfaction. Health and Sanitation. — The children enjoy very good health notwithstanding their weak constitutions. All have been exempt from grievous illness during the year. Fire Protection. — The waters of the lake and the supply continually kept in the house are our present protection against fire. In the near future we hope to have a pump in the house. Heating. — The buildings are heated by several stoves. Wood is the only fuel used. Recreation. — There is a large yard just in front of the house where the children amuse themselves in the fine weather, playing games, swinging, &c. They also have drills and calisthenic exercises. General Remarks. — The government grants yearly $72 per capita for fifteen pupils. I have, &c., SISTER TIBURCE, Principal. Northwest Territories — Athabasca District, Wabiscow Lake (St. John's Mission) C.E. Boarding School, Athabasca Landing P.O., Alta., July 15, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I send, as requested by the department, the following report on the school under my charge for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The St. John's Mission boarding school is situated on Lake Wabiscow, and on the second lake of that name as you come in from Athabasca Landing, our nearest post office. Athabasca Landing is about one hundred and twenty miles south from the school. The school and little settlement are situated on the north bank of a large bay of the above named lake; the bay runs east and west, the lake itself run- ning north and south. We are not situated on a reserve. Land. — The land belonging to the school has never been surveyed or measured. It comprises a long narrow strip running back about three-quarters of a mile. It lies between the two trading posts of the Hudson's Bay Company and Johnston Brothers. There is perhaps in the claim about forty or forty-five acres, about twelve of which is i WABISCOW LAKE C. E. BOAR DING SCJIOOL, X.n'.T. 389 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 cleared. The land belongs to the Church Missionary Society of England, and was a claim bought from an Indian who had built two little houses on it and cleared about an acre. The land is very rich, has a nice slope to the south and is about thirty feet above the lake. Almost all kinds of vegetables do well, also grain, wheat, oats, barley and pease. We very rarely have late early frosts. Buildings. — These consist of the following : — (a) The mission-house, a log building, thirty feet square and two stories high. In this building, the missionary, his family, the staff, and children live. (b) A church, the main part- of which is 17 x 22 feet, with a chancel, 10 x 12 feet, which is used for Sunday or week-day services. (c) A study or office, a log building, 12 x 14 feet, one story and a half high, used by the missionary as a study, and office to meet people in; the upper story is fitted up as a bed-room, for use if necessary. (d) The storehouse, a building about 23 x 15 feet, attached to the mission-house. (e) Cattle-shed, horse-stable, pig-house, dog-yard and poultry-yard, fish-house and three closets. These are all log buildings. Logs are at present being hewed for a building for the missionary, so as to increase school accommodation. Also the logs for a widows' house are partly drawn to the site. Accommodation. — We have accommodated the missionary and wife, two ladies and a young man ; also twelve girls and ten boys in the house. Attendance. — The majority of the scholars being boarders, their attendance has been regular. The children of the traders have been very regular, but the attendance of Indian children living at home is very •unsatisfactory. Class-room Work. — The teaching ranges from the very beginning to about the fourth reader; the writing is very good; to the more advanced pupils, geography and grammar have been taught. They are nearly all children of parents who only speak Cree, but are learning English very fast. Earm and Garden. — Farming or stock-raising has not been very successful here, for two reasons. During the last few years the water has been so high that hay was very scarce, there are hundreds of acres of grass-land here that in a wet season are under water and in a dry season are very hard to cut, being so rough in the bottom. Horses can winter out here and keep fat, as they have all this land to pasture on when the water freezes. Another reason against stock-raising is, there have been every year, and especially during this last one, cattle — more particularly cows — poisoned by eating wild pars- nips which grow up green as soon as the snow goes, and are scattered over all the wet low-lying land. Horses do not eat them, and cattle do not when the pasture becomes good. As our lands are cleared up, we shall be able to remedy both these evils by grow- ing food for our cows and being enabled to keep them fastened up till there is good pasture, when they will not eat these wild parsnips. Gardening has been very successful and a great source of profit to us, enabling us to use vegetables for the needs of our large household. Potatoes grow very abund- antly and are extra large and sound; carrots, turnips, and cabbages are also gener- ally very fine. Our garden is an object lesson to the children at the school, and also to the par- ents, of what can be done in that way. Industries Taught. — There are no distinct industries taught here yet. The girls are taught housework, sewing and knitting, while the boys take care of the horses, cattle and pigs and do the gardening, our object being to improve their condition, not change completely their mode of life. For many years to come, there will be in this part of the country, fur-bearing animals, and so a chance for hunting. If they have cattle and garden produce to fall back on, it will often save them being short of food, as hunting is very precarious. 390 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Moral and Keligious Training. — Being a mission school, this side of the work is considered the most important; our desire being to bring the children into a personal knowledge of Jesus as their Saviour, and then to fit them to be loyal, useful citizens. A portion of the Gospels and Epistles, is read at the breakfast table, before any one leaves, also morning prayer and the Lord's Prayer are said in English. School opens with a hymn. On alternate mornings the Bible is read, the children reading in English, verse about with the missionary. After it is read again by the children in English, the missionary reads it, verse about, with them in Cree. The next morning the psalms appointed for the following Sunday are read by all in English ; after which the ten Commandments are carefully taught them in both English and Cree, and also when these are well known, the Creed and the Lord's Prayer are taught them. Our duty towards God, our duty towards our neighbour, are taught in English and Cree. On Sunday afternoon we have Sunday school, where, during last winter, they were taught a general sketch of Old Testament history. Each night prayers are read in Cree, also a portion of the New Testament in the same language, and as this is at the supper table, all are present. Health and Sanitation. — The health Las so far been very good. We lost a girl and a boy, the result in both cases of consumption. We try to take every legitimate precaution against disease, and during my residence in this part of the country — that is, for over eight years — I have not seen any disease like fever or measles among these people. Sanitation is observed as far as possible. There is a good natural fall from the house, so that the drainage is good, and it is always dry around the school. The outbuildings, such as stables, are a sufficient distance away. Water Supply. — The water-supply is defective, as we are dependent on the lake for our water. A well has been dug, but is not yet in working order. Of course the supply is abundant enough, but after a storm the lake is very muddy. Fire Protection. — We have no regular system of fire-protection. On the second story of the mission-house a small supply of water is always kept, while on the lower floor one or two barrels are kept full. We have several ladders around the place. Heating and Lighting. — The heating is done by stoves on the lower floor, the pipes heating the upper story. These pipes all run into a solid mud chimney built in the centre of the house, resting on a cross-beam. The chimney is made of mud, worked up carefully with cut straw and built in between two boxes, the inside one being removed when the mud was set. The lighting is done with coal-oil lamps and candles. Recreation. — We have swings, and the children play outside. During the warm weather a favourite game is making a little camp as nearly like the one their parents make as they can. In winter we teach them such games as ' snap ' or some instructive game, such as ' spelling games.' I have, &c., CHARLES RILEY WEAVER, ! Principal. i BATTLEIORD INDUiiTRIAL SCHOOL, N.W.T. 391 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Northwest Territories, Battleford Industrial School, Battleford, Sask., August 4, 1903. The Honoiu'able The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — The following report for the year ended June 30, 1903, is respectfully sub- mitted in accordance with your circular. Location. — The school is located on the south bank of the Battle river, about two miles west of where this river falls into the north branch of the Saskatchewan ; it is about two miles due south of the town of Battleford^, which is our post office ; it is built on land specially reserved by the Dominion government for the use of this school. The main building is what was used as the official residence of the Hon. David Laird, Indian Commissioner, when he was the- first Lieutenant Governor of the Xorthwest Territories. Land- — In the immediate vicinity of the buildings there is a reserve of five hun- dred and sixty-six acres, and one of three hundred and seventy-six acres three miles to the east of us. The former is where our only farming land is, but the greater portion of which is sandy and wooded; the wood is not yet large enough for fuel purposes. The latter reserve is a hay swamp where we get the hay for the stock. The land is all in township 43, range 16, west of the third meridian, and consists of parts of sections 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20. Buildings. — These consist of the main building, in which the pupils and most of the members of the staff reside, principal's residence, two cottages— one of which is used by married me'mbers of the staff, and the other, which we usually keep empty in case of being required for any cases of contagious disease that may necessitate isolation, is at present being used as a laundry ; it was the only available building afte-r our regular laundry building was destroyed by fire, with all its contents and fittings, on the 24th of last December. Although not well suited for this purpose, nor conveniently situated, it will have to continue in that use until such time as we get a proper laundry building put up. Then the-re are the cai-penter-shop, blacksmith- shop, store-room, stable, pig-pen, hen-house, warehouse, root-house, granary, and several small outhuildings. Accommodation. — We have sufficient accommodation for the authorized number of pupils, and more ; and for the requisite staff to look after them. Attendance. — Admissions during the year, five; discharges, twelve, and one death. Average attendance for the year a fraction over eighty-six. Class-room Work. — This is carried on by two teachers — a male and a female teacher — each has a separate class-room. The course of studies ordered by the depart- ment is adhered to. Several of our graduates are now teaching school in connection with the Indian work in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Athabasca. Farm and Garden. — We have forty-one acres under cultivation, of which six acres is worked as a garden. Our oats last autumn went as high as ninety bushels to the acre, a first-class sample. This year we have what is said to be the best garden in the district. Industries Taught. — Farming and gardening, the care of horses and cattle, pigs and poultry, baking, some blacksmithing, carpentering, kalsomining, painting, glaz- ing, dairy work, laundry work, sewing, knitting, making and mending clothes, cook- ing and general housework. Moral and Religious Training. — Morning and evening prayers with Scripture reading, on week-days, the regular services and Sunday school work on Sundays ; special prayer-meeting every Wednesday evening, a circle of the 'King's Daughters* 392 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 amongst the girls, and the ' King's Sons ' amongst the boys ; and a ' Daily Scripture Reading Union' to which pupils of both sexes belong. These have been organized and carried on for several years with very good results. The meeting of these socie- ties are officered and conducted by the pupils under proper supervision. In con- nection with this part af the work I consider it proper to mention that the death of Mrs. Matheson, which took place on the morning of Sunday, May 24 last, has re- moved from the school one who devoted a great deal of time and care in many ways towards the best welfare of the pupils ; all was done out of pure, unselfish love for the work, as she did not receive any salary, or hold any officially recognized position in the school. She organized the circle of ' King's Daughters and Sons ' and supervised it until her death; she gave instruction in music and singing, and in many other ways helped on the great work. Her efForts are bearing good fruit in the characters, lives, and work of many of the pupils and ex-pupils, and by these, she being dead, y -it speaketh. I am thankful to add that there are willing hearts and ready hands to cany on the work to which she freely devoted so much of her time. The members of the staff readily and cheerfully take an active part in the moral and spiritual welfare of the pupils as well as in their secular duties. In short our aim may be summed Tip in the words of our daily school prayer : — ' That true religion, useful knowledge, and honest industry may here forever flourish and abound to the glory of God.' Health and Sanitation. — One pupil died in the school during the year; there have, of course been several oases of temporary illness, a thing only to be expected where a large number of children are assembled under one roof, but on the whole, we have reason to be thankful that the health of the staff and pupils has been so good, especially when epidemics of various kinds were so near to us in the district. The ventilation of the main building is good, and other sanitary arrangements are attended to. Water Supply. — We have an ample supply of very good water in our wells.. Fire Protection. — We have a number of hand-grenades, Babcock fire-extinguish- ers, axes, and pails of water placed in different parts of the building. There are four tanks in which a supply of fresh water is always kept ; from the two upper tanks, which are near the top of the building, iron pipes lead down to the lower floors, and on each of these flats there is a length of hose with nozzle attached to the pipe. A McRobie stationary fire-apparatus is also located in the main building, having a supply of hose connected with it on each of the three flats. There are fire-escapes from the dormitories, while a supply of ladders is always kept near the main building. Heating. — This is done by hot-air furnaces,, and ordinary stoves, wood being the fuel exclusively used. New furnaces having been put in last summer, and some changes made in the hot-air pipes, the heating was much more satisfactory than ever before. Lighting. — Ordinary lamps with coal oil are all we have. Some better system might be installed, as in the case of several other schools. Recreation. — Swings, basket->ball, football, wood-sawing and lots of outdoor exercise. General Remarks. — I take great pleasure in bearing testimony to the zeal and earnestness of the members of the staff in the responsible duties of their respective positions, and in the temporal and spiritual welfare of the pupils. Their efforts are bearing good fruit in the great work of character-building. I beg to thank the officials of the department fior the kind,, courteous and gener- ous treatment the work and workers received from them; it is' heartily appreciated and results in the good of the work. I have, &c., E. MATHESON", Principal. i CALOANY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, X. W.T. 393 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Northwest Territories,- Calgary Industrial School, Calgary, Alta., June 30, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the above school for the fiscal year now ended. Location. — The school is not situated on any reserve, but on a half-section of land, partly purchased and partly the gift of the city of Calgary, about five miles south of the city, and close to the Bow river about a mile below where it is first spanned by the C.P.R. main line. Land. — Owing to the Bow river cutting off one corner, the actual acreage is some- where near two hundred and seventy-five acres. The position is N.E. -|, sec. 23, T. 23, R. 1, and S.E. I, sec. 24, T. 23, E. 1, west of the 5th meridian. About one-fourth is fit for cultivation, the remainder being either a swampy creek or a gravel hill. Buildings. — No new buildings have been added during the year. The main building remains as it was. The south side, exposed to the severe south- east winds, is still only rough boarded on the outside, and eight years' exposure has naturally shrunk the boards, opened the joints, and gives us plenty of fresh air and with it the cold temperature in winter which has again frozen some of our heating pipes. There are, besides a house used by the farm instructor, large stable, laundry, and bakery used temporarily as a residence for the principal; ice-house with dairy and meat storage; carpenter-shop with paint, print and store-shop above; large shed for young stock. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for five members of the staff, and, taking the regulation four hundred cubic feet of dormitory air space per pupil, there is room for thirty-five pupils. Attendance. — The difficulty in obtaining recruits is still felt — owing in our case, apparently to the small number of recruits entering the boarding school, and the diffi- culties in the way of transfer, even of those eligible, from there to here. The following are the figures of the year : — Number on roll June 30, 1902. 34 pupils Admitted during the year : — Blackfeet 4 " Bloods 5 " Total 43 " Discharged during the year 2 " Total on roll June 30, 1903 41 " Of the forty-one pupils above mentioned fourteen names have been taken off the roll, they being discharged since July 1, leaving us with less than thirty pupils at the time of writing. Class-room Work. — This was kept up as well as possible under the circumstances during the winter months, but owing to the general derangement of the school, due to causes detailed under ' health,' it must have been with difficulty that it could be done at all. 391 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 During the rush of spring work in June classes were stopped, all hands turning in for outside work. Farm and Garden. — Our crops last fall turned out satisfactory. Oats were light and only fit for feed, not for seed. Vegetables, sufficient to keep us through the winter, were stored. The present prospects are good for this year. Our stock still increases and does well. Industries Taught. — Carpentry. — As our carpenter left us for pastures new in October, and no new one is yet appointed, the work here this year has been of a desultory character. Several of the pupils have done well in minor repairing and such like work. Printing. — The four or five boys who have taken work in this are making a very creditable showing. The plant is not department property, but the school has the tise of it on condition that a small diocesan magazine of some twelve to sixteen pages is printed every month. The issue has a circulation of somewhere near two thousand copies and the work reflects credit on the Indian pupils who get it out. No exi)ense to the department is incurred in this shop. Moral and Religious Training. — This is carefully looked after and, though often appearing full of disappointment, yet there are many encouragements. Morning and Evening prayers every day, with full services on Sundays, are attentively taken part in and enjoyed. Health. — During the past twelve months we have had a good deal of illness. First there was scarlet fever in the family of the principal. By taking due precautions, it was prevented from spreading amongst the pupils ; but the death of the one patient was regretted by all. In January, however, we had a serious outbreak of typhoid fever; the principal being the first and most serious case, followed by seven others among the pupils. The illness developed acute tuberculosis in one of the pupils, who was sent home but soon after that died, whilst all the rest recovered. Miss Dunlop, our housekeeper, was shouldered with the care of the convalescents as they returned from hospital, and also with many others suffering from minor ail- ments. She deserves every credit, the medical officer repeatedly expressing his praise and speaking most highly of her work during this trying- period. Mr. Mills had his hands full also, as, though the Ven. Archdeacon Webb was in residence, the greater part of the ordinary work fell on Mr. Mills' shoulders. The cause of the outbreak was no doubt the contamination of the water of the Bow river by the sewage of Calgary. Owing to the breakdown of our pumping-engine we were forced to use it, and suffered the same evil results which we have since heard that others near us did from the same cause. Sanitation. — We have no actual sanitation, but we have had our usual difficulty in disposing of our waste water from the kitchen, from bathing, especially during high water. Water Supply. — The provision is made for the use of a well close to the main building, pumped by a hot-air pump. As the engine is in the most unsuitable place in the whole building, it is continually getting out of order and then we have to resort to carrying by hand. Fire Protection. — The building is fitted throughout with a McRobie chemical outfit. There are also two tanks in the attic which, when the engine is working, are kept filled, and from these a stand-pipe and hose carries water to the whole establish- ment. ' Star ' fire-extinguishers and fire-pails are also conveniently placed. A fire- axe is also kept on each floor. Heating. — The school is heated by two * Economy ' heaters made by Pease. Being a combination of hot air with hot water, we have found them after seven years' expe- rience expensive and not satisfactory for such a large building as this with our heavy western gales. i QUAPPELLE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, X.W.T. 395 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Lighting. — The school is lighted by coal-oil lamps. Eecieation. — The pupils take great interest in the ordinary boys' sports. Football is their favourite game and they excel in it. General Kemarks. — I must, before concluding, express my grateful thanks to the Indian Commissioner and to the department for the consideration shown me during my severe illness ; to the Ven. Archdeacon Webb for his services during that time and to the members of the staff who did loyal service under veiy trying conditions. I have, &c., GEO. H. HOGBIN, Princi'pal. Northwest Territories, Qu'Appelle Industrul School, Lebret P.O., July 31, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — This school is situated in the Qu'Appelle valley, four and one half miles east of Fort Qu'Appelle and eighteen miles north of the Canadian Pacific rail- way; though twenty-four miles from Qu'Appelle station by the trail. It is not situated on a reserve, but is in a central position for the Assiniboine, Crooked Lake-s, File Hills, Muscowpetung, Touchwood Hills and Sioux reserves. The site is picituresque^, the buildings being on a slightly elevated flat between two large bodies of water; fronting to the west and south on the Qu'Appelle lake with the village of Fort Qu'Appelle in the distance, to the north are steep hills of irregular formation, some three hundred feet high, divided by a broad„ wooded valley running in a northerly direction, and containing a small creek, while the eastern view presents the Katepwe hills and lake in the distance and in the immediate vicinity the village of Lebret. Land. — The area of land belonging to the school and immediately surrounding it comprises about five hundred and nine acres, all in township 21, range 13, west of the 2nd meridian; it was specially surveyed and reserved for the purpose by the Department of the Interior and is made up of parts of different sections — about four- teen acres on the northwest corner of section 2, on which the school buildings and garden are situated — about one hundred and twenty-five acres on the west side of section 11. this is nearly all coulee and side hills covered with scrub, but was required for a roadway to the farm on top of the hill ; about two hundred and ninety acres or the east half of section 10, this is badly cut up by hills and ravines, but has some arable land, it affords fair pasturage in wet seasons ; eighty acres or the west half of the southwest quarter of section 14, this is good land, but badly cut up by sloughs. Besides the above, and about five miles northwest of the school, we have three quarter-sections reserved for hay purposes, of these the northeast \, section 34, township 21, range 13, west of the 2nd meridian, was bought by the department for hay purposes, has some arable land but is much cut up by shallow sloughs, which yield a fair quantity of hay in favourable seasons; the otlier quarter-sections are northwest i, section 34, township 21, range 13, and the northwest i, section 22, township 21, range 13. both west of the 2nd meridian. Of these we are getting as much under cultivation 396 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I as possible, the land is good but scrubby and rolling; producing some hay and supply- ing valuable grazing for horses not in use. All the above parcels of land are fenced in with barb wire. Buildings. — The main block is frame, brick-veneered, and is composed of three adjoining three-story buildings, viz.: the boys' building, 90x70 feet, with gymnasium addition on the north, 35x80 feet; the girls' building, 80x50 feet, joins the boys' at the southeast corner, and the small children's and hospital building, 60 x 40 feet, is conected with the girls' building at the southeast corner. Basements extend under most of the buildings and contain the heating plant and pumping-engine, large coal bins, and store-rooms for roots and; vegetables. The first floor of this block is divided into class-rooms, dining hall, recreation- rooms, parlours, kitchen, pantries, lavatories and halls. The second floor consists of dormitories, sewing-rooms, offices and lavatories. The first floor includes chapel, hospital, doctor's dispensary, dormitories, em- ployees' rooms, store-rooms and tanks for domestic and fire-protection purposes. Connected to the main building and built of lumber, not yet veneered, are the In- dian reception-room, ice-house, provision store, fire engine-house and girls' closets. The following buildings are separate from the main building and from each other, are of frame construction, and stand in two rows facing on a lane running north and south: — mill for crushing grain and sawing fire-wood. The old wash-house situated on the lake shore directly in front of the main entrance to the school has been done away with and a more convenient building, 20 x 55 feet, was erected at the southeast corner of the main block. A granary, 14 x 16 feet, and stable, 16 x 30 feet, were erected on the farm. The buildings are kept in as good repair as our means allow and are painted and kalsomined regularly. Accommodation. — The accommodation is ample for two hundred and twenty-five pupils, the number authorizel, but is limited for the staff ; no provision being made for married employees. Attendance. — The attendance for the year has been satisfactory considering the difficulty of obtaining pupils, and averaged one hundred boys and one hundred and twenty-one girls; a total of two hundl-ed and twenty-one; several of these, being under age, draw only half the per capita allowance. Class-room Work. — Of the two hundred and twenty-nine pupils enrolled at end of June ninetj'-eight were boys and one hundred and thirty-one were girls. The grading under the schedule of studies prescribed by the department was as follows : — Boys. Girls. Total. Standard I 15 . 19 64 " II 10 22 32 " III 46 43 89 " .IV 18 15 33 " V 9 12 21 The first and second standards attend class six hours each school day when practicable, in order to become as proficient as possible in the use of the English language before learning any industry. The higher standards attend class half each day, and work at trades the other half as a rule. In busy seasons on the farm, or in the garden, all the boys and sometimes the girls are engaged the whole day at outside work under the supervision of their teachers. Farm and Garden. — The area of our own land under cultivation is two hundred and ninety-four acres, and we have fifty additional acres rented, making three hun- dred and forty-four acres under cultivation altogether this year ; made up as fol- lows : — forty acres of summer-fallow, fifty acres of breaking, nine acres of potatoes, twenty acres of barley, five acres of flax, five acres of brome grass, seventy-five acres of oats, one hundred and thirty acres of wheat, four acres of pease, and six acres of roots and garden. Twenty boys were regularly attached to the farm and worked as required ; other boys and girls, as their turn came, did the milking ; and all the boys and girls assisted on the farm and in the garden when necessary. i QU'APPELLE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, S.W.T. 397 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Owing to frost our crop was much below what we expected in both quantity and quality. We had two thousand seven hundred and fifty bushels of wheat, two hundred and twenty-five bushels of barley, one thousand six hundred and thirty bushels of oats, twenty-five bushels of pease, eighty bushels of carrots, eight hundred bushels of turnips, seventy -five bushels of mangolds, six hundred and seventy bushels of potatoes, and one hundred and thirty-five loads of green fodder and hay. We had an abundant supply of garden stuff, comprising rhubarb, corn, onions, heets, parsnips, cabbage, pumpkins, citrons, melons, currants, tomatoes, asparagus, pease, lettuce, celery, &c. Ideal spring and early summer weather allowed the work to be done without interruption ; and the present appearance of the growing crops promises an abund- ant harvest; a late spring ^frost destroyed the Saskatoon and cherry crops, but we have a very fine showing of several kinds of apples and crabs, plums and currants. Stock. — Our stock is in good condition and comprises one bull, seventeen cows, five heifers, two steers, nine calves, fourteen work horses, four heavy colts, five native horses anc^ four light colts, sixty-five swine and a lot of poultry. Industrial Work. — (1.) BlachsmitW s Shop. — Seven boys worked at this trade and did a good deal of custom work, besides all required for the school. (2.) Shoe Shop. — Twelve boys assisted the shoemaker in making and repa'ring boots, shoes and harness. (o.) Bake Shop. — Fifteen boys took turns in assisting the baker; doing all the baking for th.^ institution, pickling pork and beef; smoking bacon and fish; supplying the house v/ith ice and meat cut into suitable sizes for kitchen use. (4.) Carpenter Shop. — Twelve boys worked in this shop. A great variety of work was done for the school and outsiders in carpentry, cabinet-making, repairing vehicles and implements; several buildings were erected by contract. A new wash-house, granary and flour store were built for the school. (5.) Paint Shop. — The fumaceman instructs the boys in this department; as we are short of big boys, and it is unlikely any will follow this trade for a living, none are permanently attached to this shop. Besides doing the painting, plastering, stone and brick work for the school; looking after the fire-appliance and running the gasoline pumping-engine, the fumaceman and night watchman, as his title implies, looks after the furnaces and makes regular rounds of the whole building every night during the winter. (6.) Tinsmith Shop. — We have had no regular tinsmith this year, as we had no accommodation for a married man, but we have employed Jews from the Eoumanian colony from time to time and have found them first-class workmen. (7.) Girls^ Worh. — Under direction of the Reverend Sisters the girls learn all kinds of housework, cooking, dairying, laundry work, and make their own clothes and greater pai^ of those worn by the boys. They assist in the garden, milk the cows in summer-time, and have entire charge of the poultry. Moral and Religious Training. — All the employees are required to set a good example and develop in every way a sense of responsibility in the pupils. The assistant principal and teachers attend specially to their moral training and manners. On Sunday and every day during the winter months, I hold a class for the whole school when I give religious instruction for one hour after class hours. Chapel is attended' night and morning daily, and the Lebret church morning and afternoon on Sundays. Conduct. — The conduct for the past year has been very satisfactory. Discipline. — As there is a regular system and efficient staff, there is no difficulty in maintaining order. Health and Sanitation. — On the whole the health of the pupils has been excellent; the severe type of measles we had last year left some complications and there were a few cases of pneumonia and operations for scrofula. The physician in charge inspects frequently, and conditions conducive to health are maintained by an abundant use of vegetables and wholesome food carefully prepared; by cleanliness of person and premises ; by clothing adapted to the season, and by plenty of outdoor exercise, drill and 398 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 calisthenics. The ventilation and sanitary conditions are good, but the drainage sys- tem requires repairs and constant attention. Water Supply. — We have an abundance of good water pumped by a one-and-a-half horse-power gasoline pumping-engine which supplies a tank at the top of the building from whence the water is distributed to other tanks in different parts of the building by means of overflow pipes. Fire Protection. — Our fire-protection appliances consists of three fireman's axes, one Babcock extinguisher, sixteen chemical extinguishers of different makes, ninety hand-grenades, twenty-four pails, all under the supervision of the fumaceman and night watchman. Large tanks in the garrets of each of the three buildings provide a good quantity of water, and are always full and are connected with discharge pipes that have taps and fifty feet of hose on each floor of the boys' and girls' buildings; none have been installed in the hospital building so far. Ample means of escape in case of fire are provided by ten stairways on the first floor, six stairways on the second floor and two stairways to garrets, where no one sleeps. There are always several ladders in serviceable condition at the carpenter-shop. Heating and Lighting. — Seven hot-air furnaces supplemented by a few stoves heat the main block very comfortably ; the trade shops are heated by stoves. Lamps burning coal oil and acetylene gas supply the light. Recreation. — The boys play baseball, football, hockey, prisoners' base, hide and seek, tops, marbles, &c. ; besides their large playground they are allowed to roam about the surrounding hills and valleys. The girls have a large tree-shaded playground, with swings, seats, tables and other means of recreation. In summer-time both boys and girls enjoy bathing in the lake, and in winter-time they skate upon it. Both boys and girls use the gymnasium. The library books are well patronized. The indoor games in vogue are those usually found in white schools. The brass band continues to flourish and has a large repertoire of choice music. Both the boys and girls are fond of music and many possess instruments of their own. Several public entertainments were given to appreciative audiences. Admissions and Discharges. — Twenty-one children were admitted during the year, five boys and sixteen girls. Sixteen pupils were discharged ; ten boys and six girls. Ex-pupils. — Favourable reports of progress of ex-pupils are received from agencies where their interests are looked after and where they are taken hold of and urged on in the direction of civilization and self-support. On going back to the reseiwation from school they have much to contend with if they persevere in civilized habits, as the old people and dancing set bitterly oppose all progressive ideas and methods and endeavour by ridicule or cajolery to get the new arrivals to join their ranks. Few people, in fact only those who have studied the evil effect of pagan dances as they affect the moral and physical welfare of the Indians, realize the important step taken bj" the department in the total suppression of such dances in this district: usually the dance was the first downward step in the career of ex-pupils, as when once they become dancers, progressive ideas and actions are abandoned — on account of the ridicule they provoke from the dancing set — for gambling, debaucheiy and slothful- ness. With the new order of things and the close settlement of a good class of white people near the reserves, ex-pupils will have far more chance of succeeding in the future than they had in the past, and as the abandonment of the ration system neces- sitates effort in order to exist, they will naturally practise the occupations they have become familiar with in school. The tendency of the Indians of this district toward progressive methods and civilized manners is very marked, we have practically no trouble with the parents of children; but changing the mode of life and even of thought of a whole tribe requires two or three generations of persistent effort, not ten or fiiteen years, as some people seem to expect. General Remarks. — Most of our pupils spent two days at the File Hills agency on the occasion of the annual agricultural fair held there by the Indians. An increas- i RED DEER INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, X. 11'. T. 399 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 .ingly large number of visitors from all parts of the world, breaking their transconti- nental journey and attracted by the rich farming country, the shooting and hunting, or the beautiful scenery of the Qu'Appelle district and lakes, paid a visit to the school. In conclusion I would say that the Indian agents on the surrounding reserves have given me great assistance ; that when there has been any necessity for their ser- vices, the North West Mounted Police have always been prompt and efficient ; and that my present staff and employees are performing their duties in a satisfactory manner. I have, &c., J. HUGONAED, Principal. Northwest Territories, Red Deer Industrial School, Eed Deer, Alta., July 6, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The school is situated on the north bank of the Red Deer river, about three miles due west of the town of Red Deer, Alberta. The school is not upon a reserve. The situation is a very good one, the only drawback being the fact that it is on the wrong side of the river for the town, but no doubt in the future a bridge will be built across the river at this point, which will correct this drawback. Land. — The land, which is first-class in quality and suitable for mixed farming, consists of three-quarters of section 14, township 28, range 38, west of the fourth meridian. We have also a lease of about six hundred and forty acres for grazing purposes, and six hundred and forty acres reserved for hay-land. The hay-land has not been of much use to the school for some years, but I expect this year to make hay upon it, and with our increased herd of cattle we shall need all the hay obtainable. Buildings.- — The buildings are as follows: — A stone building occupied by the female members of the staff and the girls. This building also contains the office and inspector's quarters. Brick building, occupied by the boys ; dwelling-house, occupied by the principal ; two cottages, occupied by the assistant principal and the farm and carpenter instruc- tors; blacksmith-shop, used at present as a sore-room; carpenter's shop, ice-house and refrigerator combined ; pig-pen, two well-houses, cow-stable, horse-stable, hen- house, storehouse, engine-house, and three closets. Accommodation. — We have accommodation for ninety pupils and a staff of ten. Attendance. — There has been an average attendance of slightly over sixty pupils. We commenced the year with fifty-eight and we closed with fifty-seven — four are at home on sick leave. Total on register July 1, 1902 '58 Admitted during the year 12 Total TO Discharged T Died 6 Total 13 Total en register July 1. 1903 57 400 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Class-room Work. — The progress made in the class-room has not been as marked as usual. Uufortunately the teachers have not been up to the standard required, and changes have been frequent. The pupils are graded as follows : — . Standard I 15 pupils II 19 " III 20 " IV 13 " " V 1 " 68 Farm and Garden. — We have about one hundred acres under crop as follows: — oats, sixty acres; barley, fifteen acres; garden, ten acres, and timothy, fifteen acres. Wa have also about twenty acres cleared and ready to break. The stock consists of seventy-four head of cattle, six horses and five pigs, which are all in good condition. Industries Taught. — Carpenter Work. — During the year four boys have been engaged in the carpenter's shop. They have done all the repairs and alterations. Farm. — All the senior boys are employed on the farm, and they are turned out good farm-hands. Houseivork and Sewing-room. — All the girls are taught housework, butter-making and sewing. At the last show of the Red Deer Agricultural Society, out of fifteen articles exhibited we obtained three first, four second and three third prizes. Moral and Eeligious Training. — The moral and religious training has not been neglected, our one endeavour has been to teach the pupils to be good and to have correct ideals. Health and Sanitation. — This year has been the worst in the history of this school. Six of the pupils have died from consumption, three of whom came from the Hudson's Bay country. It is a question if the change of life has not been greater than the children could stand — from the wild, free life, living largely upon fish, to the confined life here — and one is compelled to ask if after all the boarding school on the reserve is not more likely to make strong children. The sanitary condition of the school is good, and our supply of water is satisfactory. Fire Protection. — The school has five Babcoeks, seven Star fire-extinguishers, ten fire-pails and ten axes. Pleating and Lighting. — The school is heated with two furnaces made by the Sraead-Dowd Company and two furnaces made by the Pease Company. The cottages and shops are heated by stoves. The heating is satisfactory. The school is lighted by coal-oil lamps. This system is dangerous. Recreation. — The boys still continue to be fond of football and baseball. In the winter they skate upon the river, which is at our door. The girls play the usual girls' games and in the winter they also are permitted to skate. Both boys and girls are kept out of doors as much as possible. Staff. — One of the great difficulties in connection with schools of this class is to obtain the services of persons whose interest is greater than the wage they receive; this difficulty increases as the years go. The nature of the duties is very trying and the better class of assistants cannot be obtained. This institute has suffered in the past very greatly because trained assistants were not to be obtained. Dr. Denovan has been as usual most attentive. General Remarks. — During the year I have seen almost all the ex-pupils — who are now living — and in almost every case there is a marked difference between Indians who have attended this school and those who have never left the reserve. While admitting that the pupils have not made the advance we had hoped for, yet the school life has been of the greatest advantage to them. I have, &c., C. E. SOMERSET, Principal. i BEGIN A IXDUSTBI A L SCHOOL, N.W.T. 401 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 XoRTHWESi' Territories, Kegina Industrial School, Eegina, Assa., September 24, 1903. The Honourable ^ The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report in connection with this school for the. year ended June 30, .1903. Location. — The school is not situated on a reser've, but on the north half of section 28, township 17, range 20, west of the 2nd meridian. The site is one of the best in this part of the country. The buildings are erected on the high banks of. the Wascana creek, which winds gracefully through the grounds. The banks on the east side being low, a fine view is given looking eastward. Almost directly to the east and about four miles away can be seen plainly the busy town of Regina; to the southeast, and two miles away, the headquarters of the Northwest Mounted Police, with its fine cluster of buildings. On a clear day the bluffs to the north, twenty miles away, and the Dirt hills to the south, thirty miles off, can be I^lainly seen. The Canadian Pacific trains are in view almost continuously while they travel a distance of twenty-five miles. The young trees and shrubbery on our grounds are making fine progress during these wet seasons,, and every year adds to the beauty of the grounds. This spring we planted five thousand additional trees, four thousand being supplied by the Department of Porestry, and. one thousand out of our own nursery. Pully ninety -five per cent of these trees are growing — a grati- fying result, considering the dryness of the early part of May. Land. — The north half of section 28 was purchased for the school by the department, and besides this the school section lying directly west of us is held imder a lease for our use. With the exception of ten or twelve acres cut up with the creek, our school half-section is all good arable land. About two hundred and sixty acres are under cultivation. The balance is taken up with pasture and playgrounds. The whole is well fenced and every part in use. The land is a heavy clay soil and good for wheat-raising. In addition to this land we have during the present season broken thirty-five acres on the rented school section. Buildings. — The main building is solid white brick resting on a dressed sand- stone foundation, and consists of two flats with a fine basement eight feet high, and a commodious attic. The basement furnishes room for our seven Smead-Dowd furnaces with their cold-air rooms, for a neat little dairy, boys' and girls' winter play-rooms and room for a good supply of fuel. On the first floor are the following rooms, all of good size and well heated and lighted : assembly and recreation-room, large central hall and two smaller hallways, reception-room, oftice, medical dispensary and photographic dark-room, senior and junior class-rooms, pupils' dining-room, kitchen, sewing-room, teachers' dining-room, scullery, pantry and kitchen store-room. On the second flat are two large dormitories in the extreme north and south ends respectively, a little boys' dormitory in the west wing, three corridors, two bath-rooms, two wash-rooms, three clothing store-rooms, and ten private rooms for teachers. In the attic are four store-rooms for winter clothing and bedding, a general store-room and three large water tanks. Besides the main building, there are the following buildings on the grounds : — principal's residence, brick-veneered ; cottage hospital, one story, frame ; farm instructor's cottage, one story, frame ; trades building, two stories, frame, containing carpenter-shop, paint-shop, shoe-shop, printing-office, hardware store-room and lumber- house attached ; implement-shed, frame ; cow-stable, frame ; horse-stable and barn, frame, with stone basement ; hen-house, frame ; hog-pen, frame ; two pump-houses, 27— i— 26 ^ 402 ' DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 frame ; bake-shop, containing large brick oven and grocery store-room, frame ; black- smith-shop, frame ; ice-house containing refrigerator, frame ; granary, frame ; two root-houses, underground ; garden tool-house, frame ; lumber-house, frame ; grain- crusher house, frame; two outside water-closets, frame; band-stand, frame, and a toboggan slide with store-room underneath, frame. During the year repairs have been made to the cow-stable, and larger yards pro- vided in connection with the hog-pen. The chopper has been removed to the granary and connected with the big windmill, so that on windy days the boys chop enough feed for all our stock. A fine turning lathe donated by the Frost & Wood Company, Smith's Falls, Ontario, has also been connected with the windmill, and is found very useful both as a means of manual training and a convenience in repairing. , Three large new tents with floors and flies have been erected for fresh-air treatment of pupils lacking in robust constitution. The most satisfactory i-esults have followed the placing of pupils to- sleep in these tents, which are adapted so that an abundant supply of fresh air is furnished without draughts. New floors have been laid in the kitchen, scullery and large boys' dormitory. A latrine was added to the boys' dormit- ory, doing away with the use of night-pails. A new gas-house was built with connec- tion with the main basement for our hundred-light Siche acetylene gas generator, and the whole system of gas-pipes and fixtures placed in position in all parts of the building, by our mechanical instructor, Mr. Tripp, with the assistance of his boys. The light is an immense improvement on the old coal-oil lamps in point of illumin- ation, safety and cleanliness. The bright light has had a marked effect on the spirits of the pupils in the long winter eveaiings. All the rest of the building, not painted last year, has been painted— wood and plaster — with lead paint, and neatly stencilled by the pupils. This has improved the appearance of the building, furnished educative surroundings, and greatly improved the sanitary condition of the building, as all the walls can now be washed easily and effectively. The boys' big dormitory was painted by two of our boys without the supervision of an instructor. They chose their own colours, mixed their own paint, and made their own stencil — putting it on in three colours — and the work is pronounced by every one to be equal to the best work in the building done under an instructor. These boys, Antoine Burns and Pius Natakas, had only had four months' instruction under a painter. They are from the Birtle agency. A number of the girls assisted in the house painting. The furnace cold air rooms in the basement were also surrounded with brick walls, replacing the old single board ones, giving a number of the boys some practice in brick-laying, and adding greatly to the warmth of the rest of the basement. During the spring about five hundred new fence posts were put into fences, replac- ing old rotten ones, and considerable repairs made on gates about the farm. A new native wax-berry hedge was added to the grounds in front of the main building. Accommodation. — There is accommodation in the school for one hundred and fifty pupils, and a staff of twelve teachers. Class-room Work. — The regular school-room hours are from 9 a.m. to 12 noon, and from 1.30 p.m. to 4.30 p.m. with a recess of fifteen minutes in each half day. All the older pupils spend half of each day in class excepting in emergencies, and half at some kind of industrial work. Small and backward ehildroi attend school all day. Two school teachers are regularly employed, both of whom have had normal school training and use the most modern methods. Miss Cornelius, the junior teacher, is a full-blooded Oneida Indian girl, and was trained in Hampton Agricultural and Normal Institute, "Virginia. She has more than sustained the good record she made last year, and the presence among our pupils of an Indian girl, with all the refinement and capacity of the best white ladies, has been a great inspiration. In January last, Mr. Bayne was succeeded by Mr. Mackey, a graduate of Regina normal school, who is ably filling his place as teacher, and editor of ' Progress.' In addition to his school work, Mr. Mackey took general oversight of the garden during the summer. i L'EO'IXA INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, N.W.T. 403 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The pupils are arranged in classes according to the schedule prescribed by the department as follows : — Standard I part 1 18 pupils II " II 13 " III ector McGibbon came here in the latter part of June. He audited our books, examined the classes and took the inventory. His business-like sug- gestions, and the friendly interest he took in the children did us all a world of good. 408 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 I have to thank Agents James Wilson and Eobert Wilson for their courtesy and assistance during my visit to the Blood and Peigan reserves. With their aid and the kindly help of the principals of the boarding schools on their respective reserves, I was able to secure several recruits and the promise of others. I have, &c., A. I^AESSEIS^S, Principal. British Columbia, Alberni Boarding School, Alberni, July 9, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of this school for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — This school has a beautiful location. It is built on a plateau about sixty feet above the level of the garden, which it overlooks; at the back of the school the country rises to a higher level, and is heavily timbered, giving abundant shelter from the prevailing winds. In front of the school, and about two hundred yards away, flows the beautiful Somas river, and from the school-grounds we obtain a splendid view of the river with Alberni about two miles and a half distant. On the same plateau across the road which divides this property from the reserve is the Shesaht village, about one mile down the river on the opposite side are the Opitchesahts. Land. — There are sixteen acres of land in connection with the school. The six- teen acres are part of lot 81, district of Alberni. The land is owend by the Presby- terian Church. The land was originally heavily timbered, it is very expensive to clear ; the soil, however, is very good. The land needs underdraining, it is also expensive work; over one hundred and sixty yards of drain were laid this spring. Over half the land is now cleared, giving a large garden, orchard and playground for the children. Buildings. — The buildings consist of main building, 38 x 43 feet, three stories high; the old school building is used for a laundry, bake-shop, carpenter-shop and play-room for boys in wet weather. Other buildings are school-room, wood-shed, driving-shed, and root-house. All buildings are kept in good repair. During the year rustic boards were put on the root-house and the large attic floored with shiplap. The root-house and driving-shed were painted. More lockers have been made for boys' clothing, for harness and band instruments. Some necessaiy equipment has been provided by the receiving of a bake-oven, there are also in transit thirty iron beds. All broken plaster throughout the main building was repaired this spring, and all the rooms kalsomined. Accommodation.— There is accommodation for forty pupils besides staff. All ad- missions this year were voluntary, only exceptional cases were admitted ; several appli- cations were refused. It is the intention of the Church to build, so that more accom- modation will be provided. Attendance. — There are forty-five children on the roll, twenty-six boys and nine- teen girls. Two girls and one boy were admitted during the year. Class-room Work. — The programme of studies authorized by the department is followed. Good progress has been made in the class-room, special attention is given to i ALBERNI BOARDING SCHOOL, B.C. 409 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 reading, writing, memorizing and the use of English. The following is the standing in classes at the close of the year : — Standard 1 9 pupils " II 13 " III 10 " " IV 11 « " V 2 '' Farm and garden. — The stock consists of two horses and five head of cattle. The boys milk and take care of both cows and horses. In our large garden abundant op- portunity is given for the boys to learn the initiatory steps of farming. There are about two hundred and fifty fruit-trees in our orchard, comprising apples, pears, peaches, cherries and plums ; besides abundance of all varieties of small fruits. More clearing has been done, also fencing, road-building, stumping and draining of land. This year several of the boys and girls were allotted garden plots of their own, in which they have taken great interest. The plots were planted with several kinds of vegeta- bles and flowers. Industries Taught. — The boys are taught the care of stock, farming, gardening, plain carpentering, painting and baking. The girls receive a thorough training in all that pertains to the keeping of a home. They are also taught bread-baking, the care of milk and butter, the canning of fruit, of which our garden affords a good supply; also cooking, laundrying, sewing and music. The pupils are very faithful and attentive to their duties, and all the work required of them is done- promptly and in a cheerful manner. Moral and Religious Training. — Every effort is made by the teachers that the pupils may be built up in true Christian character. The proximity of the school to the reserve has an elevating effect on the parents of the children as shown by the higher tone of living and cleanliness in their homes. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the children during the year has been much better than any previous year, the only serious case being an accident that happened June 26, whereby one girl had both wrists and right leg broken by a fall of thirty feet. She is progressing favourably at present. The sanitary condition of the school is good. Water Supply. — The water that is used by the school is pumped from the river by the windmill; there is a well for drinking purposes. Fire Protection. — Four Carr fire-extinguishers are placed through the building. Sixteen fire-buckets are kept full in convenient places. There is also one hundred and fifty feet of rubber hose. We hope further to improve our fire-protection. Heating and Lighting. — The school is heated by furnace in basement. Ordinary lamps are used for lighting the building. Recreation. — The boys continue to take great interest in football, they are fond of outdoor games of all kinds. The children are very fond of swimming and canoeing. In the winter evenings indoor games are provided. General Remarks. — We are grateful to Mr. H. Guillod, our agent, for his kindly visits and for the deep interest he takes in the pupils and ex-pupils of this school. I have, &c., JAS. E. MOTIOX, Principal. 410 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VI L, A. 1904 British Columbia, Alert Bay Girls' Home, Alert Bay, September 19, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — Complying with the wishes of the department, I beg to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The Alert Bay girls' home is situated on land belonging to the Church Missionary Society. A quarter of an acre is fenced for a vegetable garden at the side of the home, and a tasteful flower garden, facing seawards, gives it a very pleasant and homelike appearance. Buildings. — The building is of wood, 32 x 34 feet, and comprises dining-room, play-room, kitchen, laundry and matron's sitting-room downstairs, with suitable bed-rooms above. Accommodation. — The building is capable of accommodating fifteen girls. Class-room Work. — The pupils are admirably taught by Mrs. Hall in the village school. The schedule prescribed by the department is followed. Moral and Religious Training. — Bible lessons with prayers are given daily and the girls' morals are zealously guarded by Miss Edwards. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils has been good with one excep- tion. In June Mona died of pneumonia. Water Supply. — There is a good supply of water from a spring on the hill at the back of the home. Fire Protection. — Two fire-extinguishers, one axe, and buckets, all supplied by the department, are always kept on hand. A large tank is kept full of water. Heating. — The ordinary box-stoves are used. Lighting. — Hanging coal-oil lamps are used. Recreation. — Great care is taken in this matter. When fine, the pupils take long walks with the matron. A large play-room is well supplied with books and toys and games, all of which are at the disposal of the pupils. I have &e., A. W. CORKER, Principal. British Columbia, Clayoquot (Bishop Christie) Boardixg School, Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island, July 1, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The Clayoquot (Bishop Christie) boarding school is situated on St. Mary's bay, a cozy cove of Clayoquot sound, on the west coast of Vancouver island. The location is an ideal one for a school, central on the coast, secluded from the nearest Indian reserve, Opitsat, and the Clayoquot trading post, and well sheltered i CLAYOQUOT BOARDIXG SCHOOL, B.C. 411 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 from the cold winds. Mail is conveyed to the school by private bag from the Victoria post office, and the weekly steamer lies to in the bay before the school to deliver mail and freight. Land. — The land attached to the school consists of one hundred and sixty acres of unsurveyed crown land, which has been pre-empted for the Roman Catholic diocese of Vancouver Island by the Rev. A. J. Brabant. It is covered partly with heavy timber, partly with thick brush; elevated portions of it are rocky and the low places are swampy. If cleared, thoroughly drained and sown with suitable grass, it will make fairly good pasture. Barely two acres of the whole tract have been cleared and turned into gardens. Buildings. — The main building, 40 x 60 feet, frame, is substantially built, well painted, and is conveniently divided into two separate parts for boys and girls respect- ively. Entrance hall, parlour, office, kitchen, pantry, two class-rooms, two dining- rooms occupy the first floor. On the second floor are the chapel, two officers' bed-rooms, and two dormitories. In the attic are two more dormitories and two small bed-rooms. All the rooms are high, airy and well ventilated ; the class-rooms are provided with large double windows, admitting a flood of light. In the rear of the main building stands the laundry, 14 x 32 feet, and nearby is the woodshed, 36 x 50 feet, with carpen- ter-shop and shoe-shop under the roof. At a safe distance is the storehouse, 12 x 18 feet. There is also a small barn on the premises. The outside of the main building and of the laundry received new coats of paint last summer. Accommodation. — The school has accommodation for fifty-five pupils and staff. Attendance. — At the close of the year there were fifty-six pupils in attendance, the number of boys and girls being equal. The average attendance for the year was fifty- five. The grant provides for fifty only. Six pupils were admitted during the year, one died at home when out on leave of absence. Class-room Work. — This has been carried on according to the programme of the department in the past year in a manner most satisfactory to the teachers and most creditable to the pupils. All pupils without exception speak English well and fluently. The use of their native language is strictly forbidden ; violations of this rule, how- ever, are exceedingly rare and but trifling. The pupils in the higher standards show a wonderful progress in composition and letter-writing. The writing of some of the pupils is an object of admiration and praise from visitors.' The application of the small and the large pupils is most commendable; in fact, it surpasses all prior experience of the teachers either among the whites or Indians. Music is by no means neglected in our institution. Some of the children are gifted with extraordinary talent for music. Class-singing, a regular feature of the pro- gramme, proves a source of great delight and refinement to the children. Three girls and two boys receive lessons on the organ. To the band, which is a favourite with both children and friends, were added this year piccolo and clarionets. A select quartet of mixed voices and a male quartet are under special training and give good promise. The grading of the pupils at the end of the year was as follows : — Standard 1 5 pupils II 11 " " III 13 " " IV 24 " V 3 " 56 Earrn and Garden. — The boys cleared two large pieces of ground all alone and pre- pared them for vegetable gardens. Some five hundred currant and raspberry bushes were set out last fall. This spring the boys with their instructor planted about an acre in potatoes and other vegetables. The front lawn is kept tidy and attractive by 412 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 the girls and some boys under the direction of the matron. Nearly all the boys take a hand in gardening. Industries Taught. — Carpentry. — Two boys followed th© carpenter's trade ; they erected the storehouse mentioned above, they built a drying-room for the laundry, put up a smoke-house, 10 x 10 feet, for curing salmon and halibut, and kept the premises in repair. Owing to want of funds, no foreman was employed for them and they did all the work described under the direction of the principal. ShoemaMng. — Three boys worked in the shoe-shop mending shoes and half -soling, though without an instructor this year. Painting. — Six boys in charge of a competent foreman painted the outside of the main building and the laundry. Baking. — Four girls learned to make good bread. Eight boys were employed in kneading bread, giving the best of satisfaction. Dairying. — A start on a moderate scale was made in this industi-y the past year. Some boys were instructed in milking, butter-making, and in feeding and care of stock. Fishing. — At the proper seasons the senior boys did the fishing for home consump- tion, using net, line and spoon-hook; they kept the house liberally supplied with sal- mon, halibut, cod, perch, herring. E,ev. A. Seve greatly improved their methods of fishing. Net-making. — Several boys and girls received practical lessons in netting from the Rev. A. Seve. They made a large seine net and some dip nets, besides making the necessary repairs of the nets in use. This industry would prove useful and profitable TO the West Coast Indians. Laundrying. — The boys are taught to wash their own clothing; the girls, however, receive special instruction in all the details of laundrying. This work is done with- out machinery in as far as practical, in order to train the pupils in accordance with their home conditions after leaving school. Girls' Work. — Many girls have attained great proficiency with the needle. Our girls cut and make all their own clothing. Every girl learns to knit stockings by hand, after this she is taught to use the knitting-machine, which turns out a pair of stock- ings complete in less than half an hour's time. After learning plain sewing and cut- ting, the girls, as a reward of proficiency in plain needlework, are! taught to crochet lace, underskirts, vests, mits, and gloves, and finally to embroider. The majority of the girls have done splendid work in crocheting and drawn-work and four can embroi- der skilfully. A lace-machine has been placed in the school and the girls learn lace- making with such facility that it bids fair to become a profitable industi-y for their future lives. The girls assist in all the general housework and take their turns weekly in the kitchen. Many are now able to prepare a meal for both officers and pupils without assistance. The senior gii'ls are taught also to make practical use of and to preserve and can the many kinds of wild berries in which their country abounds. The aim ever kept in mind in this line is to prepare each girl to become a practical, all-round, gen- eral housekeeper. Moral and Religious Training. — No other feature of education receives more conscientious attention than the moral and religious training of the pupils. The -discipline is mild but firm. The conduct of the pupils is watched most carefully. Reposing confidence in them yields gratifying results. Each pupil is allowed all the latitude best adapted to an unforced development of a self-consistent reliant character. Religious principles are made the basis and the rule of their conduct. No praise is too great for the obedience, the orderliness, the amiability, and politeness of our pupils in the past year. Religious instruction is imparted daily. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils was very good with the excep- tion of one who was naturally of a weak constitution and who died while out on leave of absence. Outdoor exercise is strictly insisted upon, whenever the weather permits. i CLAYOijUOT BOARDING SCHOOL, B.C. 413 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Sewerage and ventilation are veiy good. For sanitary conditions the school is favour- ably located. Water Supply. — This proved very insufficient this year, owing to a serious break in the dam of the reservoir from which the water is pumped by a hydraulic ram. With the assurance of aid from the department, obtained by the superintendent, ^Ir. A. W. "V^well, steps have already been taken to provide a permanent and abundant supply 01 good water in the near future. Fire Protection. — The school has been supplied by the department with two Stempel extinguishers, twelve fire-buckets and two fire-axes. These appliances are kept in convenient places, ready for immediate use. On every floor there are taps with fire-hose nearby. Fire-escapes run down the outside on both ends of the building. Heating and Lighting. — All heating is done by means of wood stoves; coal-oil lamps are used for lighting. Recreation. — For all kinds of outdoor exercise and games the sandy beach at low tide offers the pupils a unique playground. The boys delight in football, handball, jumping, vaulting, foot-racing, marbles, boating, canoeing, sailing. The girls have swings, skipping-ropes, croquet and ten-pin sets and other outdoor pastimes. For the rainy season both boys and girls are provided with a liberal selection of favourite indoor games. General Remarks. — It is gratifying to report that throughout the year the pupils manifested the greatest devotedness to the school and its officers notwithstanding the fact that they had not been allowed any holidays last year. The promptness with which they returned cheerfully and willingly this year on time and even before time, with the exception of three, who were unavoidably delayed much to their regret by rain and contrary winds, is new evidence of the lively interest the children take in the school, and also witnesses their high appreciation of the work done by the depart- ment through our school for their advancement. It is but to be regretted that the facilities and the means of the school are not unlimited to receive all applicants and to meet all the requests for instruction in various industries. The school is gaining more and more in favour and confidence with the Indians,, even the non-progressive element, as may be inferred from the frequent and generous donations of fish and venison which they m.ake to the school unasked and without thought of compensation. This fact certainly speaks well for the influence the school is exercising through its pupils over the old people, and hence it can readily be seen that, with more means and more facilities, a far greater amount of good could be done for the West Coast Indians. In conclusion I wish to express my high appreciation of the successful work of Rev. A. J. Brabant and Rev. A. Seve at the school during my absence ; likewise, I tender my sincere thanks to Mr. A. W. Vowell, the superintendent, and to Mr. Harry Guillod, the local agent, for their kind and willing attention to the wants and inter- ests of the school. I have, &c. P. MAURUS, O.S.B. Principal. 4U DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 British Columbia, Port Simpson Boys' Boarding School, Port Simpson, September 23, 1903. The Honourable ♦ The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to forward my first annual report on the Port Simpson boys' boarding school for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The Port Simpson boys' boarding school is situated on the southeast side of the village of Port Simpson about four hundred yards from the water front. Land. — The school grounds alone are fifteen rods by twelve, but there is land con- nected with the mission church which we hope to utilize as soon as it is properly fenced. The land is wet and boggy, but after it is properly drained and tilled, it will grow small fruits and certain kinds of vegetables for which it is best adapted. Cabbage, car- rots, turnips, beets, &c., grow luxuriantly, but the ground is too cold and the seasons too short for tomatoes, pumpkins, cucumbers, melons, &c. Buildings. — The school building has a frontage of seventy-eight and a depth of thirty-six feet. There are two wings, one of which is occupied by the staff and prin- cipal's family, and the other is used as a boy's reading-room, hall, bath-room, kitchen and store-room. In the centre of the building is situated the reception-room, sewing- room and boy's dining-room. In addition to the school there is a building, 24 x 16 feet, used as a play-house for the boys on rainy days (of which we have many). The upstairs is used for a lumber- room. There is also a wood-shed, a drying-shed, a hen-house, and a cow barn. Accommodation. — The boys' dining-room is large enough to seat thirty or thirty- five boys. Upstairs there are three dormitories sufficiently large for twenty-five boys. The matron's room and boys' clothes-room are in connection with boys' dormitories. Provision is made for twenty-five boys, principal, matron and school teacher or trades instructor. Attendance. — In June all the boys who had homes were allowed a holiday of un- limited time. All but five took advantage of the opportunity. They were to return when funds would increase sufficiently to carry on the work of the institution. In October, 1902, I received official notice that a per capita grant for ten pupils had been made by the Dominion government. At once the boys were given the privilege to re- enter, which they did without delay. During the December quarter fifteen were in attendance, and sixteen during the quarters of March and June, 1903. Since that time three others have been admitted, so that at present we have nineteen enrolled and other applications. This summer nine of the boys were out for holidays and most of them were back at the expiration of their three weeks. Some who went to the Skeena river remained a few days over time. One boy who went to his home on the ]Srass river gave such a good report of the home that two others were induced to come back with him and are now inmates of the school. Class-room Work. — The boys attend the day school and some of them are making marked progress. The advancement is quite noticeable when compared with that of the village children who attend so irregularly. Farm and Garden. — From the virgin soil we have converted about one quarter of an acre into a garden in which we grow gooseberries, strawberries, raspberries, currants (black and red), and rhubarb, which are used freely while fresh, after PORT SIMPSON BOYS' liOAKDINd SCJ/OOL, B C. 415 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 which pailfuls of jam are made. These with the native wild berries, supply us, so that we buy little or no dried fruit. We have fresh vegetables all summer, and raise enough of all kinds for our yearly consiunption, except potatoes and onions, which we buy. Industries Taught. — Gardening, carpentry, shoemaking and general housework are taught. Moral and Religious Training.— Prayers, catechism, and the Bible are taught daily, while a high standard of morality is ever held up before the boys. Health and Sanitation. — The premises are well drained and kept free from filth. During the year we had comparatively no sickness. One boy had a little rise of temperature for a time, and that, with the exception of one mild case of mumps, is all the sickness we have had. Water Supply. — The water-supply is not very good. We obtain our supply from the roof and from a flume which brings surface water from the hills. We are much in need of a well. Fire Protection. — A small tank, two barrels, two ladders, axes and buckets com- prise the fire-appliances on hand. Heating and Lighting. — Heating is done with wood and coal. Stoves are so arranged as to have a stove-pipe through each dormitory. Lighting is done by means of oil lamps. Recreation. — Our grounds are small, but good use is made of them. Football and steal-the-wedge are favourite amusements in the playground. Walking and boat- ing are much enjoyed on fine days, while carving and canoe-modelling are resorted to in bad weather. General Remarks. — It has been impossible to get wood this fall, so the boys took two boats to Georgetown saw-mill, a distance of about eight miles, filled one large boat with slabs and refuse boards and towed it home, giving a day's outing of pleasure and profit. Two very enjoyable days were spent at Salmon creek, catching fish at low tide. Millions of fish ascend the stream to spawn, and never return. Their bodies are so battered and bruised by the shrubbery and stones that by the time they have reached their destination life is spent and they die before they get back to the sea. At low tide one could easily walk across the stream on the backs of fish. It is great sport for the boys (and even older ones enjoy it) to roll up their trousers and shirt sleeves, some with iron hooks fastened to sticks, some with sharpened sticks, some with dip- nets, and others who have no better contrivance, with naked hands, wade in and pitch the salmon out on the beach. The first day's catch was ninety-seven and the second day they got ninety-nine in about two hours' time. At this season of the year if the days are fine, the boys are given tins and allowed to go after school for a ramble over the hills to pick cranberries. They seldom come back with less than a pailful and occasionally they bring in over a bushel. This is profitable recreation, for the berries make delicious jam, and. apart from the resource to the home, the boys have a chance to stretch their limbs and fill their lungs with mountain air. Another source of profitable exercise is gathering fish eggs in the spring. About the first of April herring find their way' into bays and inlets and leave their spawn on the grasses, seaweed, rocks, branches or anything to which they will adhere, in mumbers as countless as the sands on the sea-shore. The eggs are considered a great delicacy while fresh, nnd when dried make good food for winter. I have, (Src, CHAS. M. RICHARDS, Principal. 416 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 British Columbia, The Port Simpson (Crosby) Girls' Home, Port Simpson, June 30, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indians Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the Port Simpson (Crosby) girls' home boarding school for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The school is located at Port Simpson, and is situated just outside the limits of the Tsimpshean reserve.. Land. — The land lies in section 4, township 1, range 5, Coast district. It is owned by the Woman's Missionary Society of the Methodist Church of Canada, and was acquired by purchase from Mr. Gordon Lockerby, of Port Simpson. There is an area of two acres, which is well fenced, but for the most part in a rough condition. The land lies on the slope of a hili, the greatest elevation being toward the south and east. The character of the soil is swampy and requires thorough drainage to fit it for cultivation or use in any way. Buildings. — The buildings consist of a house, three stories, with a basement; wood-shed, chicken-house, drying-shed, water-closets and tank. We have a new hot-water tank in connection with the range and new floors in dining-room and sewing-room. Accommodation can be provided for forty-five pupils and four teachers. Attendance. — The average attendance is thirty-nine and one-half (39 "SI). The total enrolment is forty-one, and one out-pupil. The present number in attendance is forty, and we have two out-pupils. Class-room Work. — In the class-room good progress has been made. The pupils speak English fluently and those who have been admitted during the year have learned it rapidly. The subjects taught are: reading, writing, arithmetic, spelling, dictation, grammar, geography, history, hygiene, music, Bible history and doctrine, and the Methodist catechism. Eight pupils were promoted to standard IV ; eleven to standard III ; two to stan- dard I; and two to standard VI. Some of the pupils have made good progress during the year in instrumental music. Garden. — A few flowers, vegetables, berry and currant bushes are cultivated, but owing to unfavourable conditions of soil and climate, little can be accomplished in this line. Industries Taught. — The industrial teaching consists of instruction in general housework, laundry-work, cooking and bread-making, also sewing and dressmaking, 'i'he pupils have made very good progress in all branches of housework as well as in sewing and dressmaking, in which careful instruction has been given, also in knitting and fancy-work. Under the supervision of teachers in the different departments, the pupils perform well all the work of the institution, and the out-pupils have given very good satisfac- tion as general servants. Moral and Religious Training. — The pupils are carefully trained to be honest, truthful, obedient, industrious, kind and obliging. A Bible lesson is taught each day and religious instruction takes a prominent place in the school routine. Health and Sanitation. — The sanitary condition is good and the drainage ex- cellent. The general health of the pupils has been very good. ISTo deaths have occurred during the year. A number had a mild form of grippe and we had one case of pneumonia. All are in good health now. i PORT SIMPSON GIBLS' SCHOOL, B.C. 417 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Water Supply. — The water-supply is obtained principally from a mountain stream at some distance from the house, and the water is conducted by means of a flume to a tank. The rain-water is also received into the tank from which it is distributed through the house by means of pipes. All water passes through a filter before flowing into the tank. Since the new tank was built the water-supply is excellent and abundant. Fire Protection. — We have fire-escapes, furnishing means of escape from the two upper flats and from all the dormitories. Besides these fire-escapes, which we have tested and proved satisfactory, there are two stationary ladders on the roof and two from the ground to the roof, also two light movable ladders are on hand. Buckets of water and of ashes are kept always in readiness on each flat and eight- een water-pails are available in case of fire. We have two chemical fire-engines and one fireman's axe. There is an unfailing stream of water from the flume and a tank with a capacity of four thousand gallons. Mention may also be made of the efiicient village fire-brigade within call at short notice. Heating and Lighting. — The heating of the home is accomplished by means of seven stoves, one open grate and one coal-oil stove. Coal-oil lamps are used for lighting, bracket and hanging lamps being used ex- clusively in the pupils' apartments. Eecreatiou. — Eegular hours are set apart for recreation each day. This recreation consists of games, physical culture, such as club-swinging and drill, walking, boating, playing on the beach and general play. The pupils have a large play-room in which they play in stormy weather. Exercise in the open air is encouraged and enforced if necessary. General Remarks. — This year has been one of the most prosperous in the history of the institution. ISTo pupil has gone out of the school daring the year, and four have entered. It has been characterized by health and a spirit of cheerful obedience. We have been able to trust the pupils in many ways more than ever before. The routine work has been done gladly and cheerfully, though it means a full portion of hard work and study, especially to the older pupils. There is always an effort made to lighten labour by change of employment. The girls are arranged in sets and pass from one department to another each week. We find this system most satisfactory and are pleased to say that the pupils perform their duties in a very creditable man- ner. In the sewing department last year, hours were devoted to fancy-work and a sum of $50 was realized from the sale of their work, with which they are furnishing a hospital-room in the home. There have been no changes of staff during the year. At Christmas the girls were given books as presents and they take great interest in their perusal. Some of the older ones always have a book on hand and a taste is formed for good literature. Every year more of them can read and appreciate books on account of their increasing knowledge of English. Some read fully as much and as intelligently as the average white child of the same age. Through the donation of a friend we have started a library for the home besides the books owned by individual pupils. Most of the ex-pupils keep clean, good homes and their children are neatly and comfortably dressed. Altogether we have much reason to be gratified with the results of the year's work, and although they still need careful watching and guidance in many ways, yet we can see that they are growing in knowledge and character, and we hope to go on to higher attainments and more growth next year. I have, &c., HAN:N"AH M. PAUL, Principal. 27— i— 27 ' 418 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 British Columbia, St. Mary's Mission Boarding School, Mission City, July 15, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The St. Mary's Mission boarding school is beautifully situated on the north bank of the Fraser river, in the vicinity of Mission Junction, some forty- three miles east of the city of Vancouver. Standing on a well-laid out plateau, two hundred feet above the level of the river, our buildings command a splendid view of a large portion of the Fraser valley, making the site an ideal one for an Indian school. Land. — The land in connection with the school consists of about three hundred and sixty acres ; property of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. It lies in the Mission City district municipality, section 2, townships 3 and 4. The land, which is best adapted to fruit-cultuie, yields also good crops of hay and vegetables. Buildings. — The boys' school consists of a main building, 75 x 33 feet, which includes chapel, class-room, library, parlour, dormitory, bath-rooms, toilet-rooms, prin- cipal's and teachers' rooms, infirmary, refectory and kitchen. Another building, 45 x 24 feet, attached to the main one, contains two class-rooms, band-room, shoemaker and carpenter-shops and two bed-rooms. The girls' home consists of a main building, 75 x 33 feet, with a wing, 45 x 24 feet, and contains chapel, class-rooms, parlours, sewing-rooms, recreation-room, dor- mitory, bath-rooms, bed-rooms, toilet-rooms, infirmaiy, refectory and kitchen. A play-house for the boys, laundry, storehouses, wood-shed, stables and barns comprise the outer buildings of the establishment. Accommodation. — Fair accommodation can be provided for forty boys and as many girls ; although several of the common rooms are small for that number. Attendance. — The attendance is good. The number of pupils ranges from' sev- enty-five to eighty. Class-room Work. — Four teachers are continually at work in the school. Rev. Brother Collins is in charge of the more advanced boys. Mr. Therouse holds sway in the second division. The younger boys and girls are intrusted to the motherly care of Eev. Sister Mary Conception, who, notwithstanding her advanced age, has proved herself an efficient teacher. The highest grade in the girls' school is most success- fully conducted by Rev. Sister Mary Adolphus. The result of our examinations, annually held in June, in the presence of the parents and friends of the pupils, and presided over by His Lordship Bishop Donten- will and several of the clergy, gave proofs of serious work and remarkable progress during the past year. Farm and Garden. — A large portion of our farm is kept under hay. About ten acres are cultivated for the production of grain, chiefly oats, and from six to seven acres for the raising of different kinds of vegetables. The garden, well laid out and tastily kept by our pupils, is stocked with flowers of different varieties, and fruit-bearing shrubs. Our extensive orchard supplies us abundantly with apples, pears, plums and cherries. Industries Taught. — The art of farming and gardening, carefully taught by skil- ful instructors, figures in no small degree in the education of our boys. Most of them when their school days are over, find employment and a livelihood on the many beau- tiful farms of the Fraser valley. Their manual work in this line, comprises the care i ST. MABY'S MISSION BOARDING SCHOOL, B.C. 419 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 of cattle and the live stock in general. Assistance is also rendered to c ar employees by the boys when the time for harvesting arrives. The principles of carpentering are taught to those who show an ap< itude for the trade. The girls are instructed by the Rev. Sisters in the culinary department, dress- making, knitting and general housework. Many of them prove themseh 3s adepts in fancy-work. Moral and Eeligious Training. — The Rev. principal is in person clarged with the religious training of the pupils. A certain time is daily allotted for this. The principles of morality are strictly taught them. Prompt attendance at the different religious services held in the chapel is enforced. Taught to chant the hymns, etc., used in Catholic worship, they render assistance to the choir at the Sunday service in the parish church. Health and Sanitation. — There is nothing lacking in the attention paid to the sanitary condition of our institution. The moment serious sickness manifests itself, medical aid is promptly called for. In general, the health condition of the children during the past years has been all that would be desired. Water Supply. — The water is supplied from a mountain stream which flows through the property. The supply is abundant and healthful, and is conveyed in pipes through the entire buildings. - -- Fire Protection. — To the supply of chemical fire-extinguishers on hand, four new ones have been kindly added by the department. The outfit consists of four fireman's axes, forty-eight pails constantly kept in read- iness and eight fire-extinguishers. The larger boys are taught the use of these fire- appliances, whilst the younger ones are exercised in, and instructed how, in case of fire, to seek safety. Heating and Lighting. — The heating is done by means of wood stoves. Light is supplied by coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — The pupils are passionately fond of outdoor sports and games, such as football, baseball, handball and the like. Fishing and hunting are occasionally in- dulged in to honour school-boy days. Their recreation grounds are kept in good order and are spacious. The long winter evenings are joyfully passed in the recreation hall with checkers, chess, dominoes, er floor comprises two donnitnries and a bed-room. The bedsteads are all of iron. 1 KOOTENAY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, B.C. 433 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 each is well and comfortably furnished. The outbuildings are: bakery, laundry, supply store, foreman's house, shoe-shop and wood-shed, bam and stable. Accommodation. — The buildings afford ample accommodation for over sixty chil- dren and the staff necessary to carry on the work. Attendance. — The pupils attend school regularly, all being boarders. The average number on the roll during the year was fifty-four. Class-room Work. — This was carried on by three teachers in separate rooms. The school hours for the boys were in the morning from 8 till 11.15 with half an hour's study in the evening. The girls have school in the afternoon from 1 to 4, and study from 6 to 7 every evening. The work done in the different class-rooms was most satis- factory and encouraging. The pupils, with few exceptions, showed a great desire to advance in their studies and made splendid progress. The course of studies is that prescribed by the department. Regular lessons were also given in singing and band music, the boys practised each afternoon from 1 to 2 o'clock. , During the winter they gave many little concerts, which did much toward bright- ening the long winter evenings. At the close of the term the pupils were graded as follows : — ^ Standard 1 1 pupils " II 9 " " III 19 " " IV 14 " « V 8 " 51 Fai-m and Garden. — The boys assist at all farm and garden work, and evince a special aptitude for this industry. With the aid of the gardener, they planted fifteen hundred strawberry plants, several dozens of raspberry, gooseberry, and blackberry bushes, and transplanted hundreds of bushes of different kinds. Our orchard is at present in a flourishing condition. Last fall all the trees old enough to bear were heavily laden with apples. Thirty-six young fruit-trees were planted in the spring, which adds much to the general appearance and size of the orchard. The garden is well stocked with vegetables of all varieties, which grow remarkably well in this climate. Each year we have also an abundance of small fruits. Industries Taught. — The boys are taught farming, gardening, care of stock, the use of carpenter's tools, painting and such other industries as will be useful to them in after life. Those employed in the shoe-shop kept the shoes in a good state of repair. Girls' Industrial WorTc. — The girls attend to the general housework and take their turns at kitchen, laimdry and bakery. AH the bread that is used in the school is made by them and baked in an oven which has a capacity of forty-eight large loaves. They are also taught butter-making and the care of milk. Three hours each day aie very profitably devoted to hand and machine sewing. Each year, several dozens of dresses, aprons, skirts, shirts and numerous other articles of clothing are made; be- sides this, the girls mend their own and a part of the boys' clothing and knit many pairs of stockings. Gardening is carried on by them, but on a small scale; a portion of the garden attached to their playground has been set apart for that purpose. They raise all kinds of vegetables and display considerable taste in arranging flower-beds and walks. ; Moral and Religious Training. — This has always held the first place on our pro- gramme and no pains are spared to instruct the pupils thoroughly in moral and reli- gious subjects. This is done by the principal himself and by the teachers. The con- duct of the pupils during the past term was all that could be desired. Health and Sanitation. — In general, the health of the pupils was good throughoxit the year. In the latter part of April, we were visited by an epidemic gf pneumunia 2Y— i— 28 434 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VI 1., A. 1904 but with no fatal resiilts. The sanitary condition of the school is good. Chloride of lime, sulphur and other disinfectants are frequently used and the premises are kept clean. Water Supply. — An abundance of excellent water is obtained from St. Joseph's creek, a never-failing mountain stream. This is used for irrigation and is conveyed in trenches through the fields and gardens. For domestic purposes, water is obtained from two wells, one in the boys' and the other in the kitchen yard. Fire Protection. — Each department is supplied with a chemical fire-extinguisher, a fireman's axe, several buckets, a ladder and a hose. These are stationed at conve- nient places throughout the buildings and the pupils are frequently exercised in their use. Heating and Lighting. — The buildings are heated by fifteen stoves. Wood is used exclusively for fuel. Light is supplied by coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — A portion of each day is set aside for recreation. When the wea- ther is favourable, the children enjoy outdoor games in their respective grounds. The boys' principal games are football, baseball, and marbles. In spring, they while away much play-time in making bows and arrows. These they stow away carefully until a holiday or a walk in the woods presents itself, then they start forth well armed and are sure to return laden with small game. They are also very fond of horseback riding and swimming. The girls amuse themselves at skipping, swinging, croquet and like games. The winter evenings are spent with music, singing, picture and story books, the gramophone, the magic lantern and numerous indoor games. General Remarks. — In conclusion, I wish to record with grateful appreciation, the interest taken in our school work by our worthy superintendent, Mr. A. W. Vowell, who favoured us last fall with an official visit. He examined the pupils in their different studies and expressed himself as pleased with the progress they had made. The words of wholesome advice and encouragement spoken by him on that occasion will not soon be forgotten by them. I wish also to tender my sincere thanks to our esteemed agent, Mr. R. L. T. Gal- braith, who is always a kind benefactor of the school and is ever ready to assist in all that pertains to the happiness and well-being of the children. I have, &c., K COCCOLA, Principal. British Columbia, KuPER Island Industrial School, KuPER Island P.O., July 25, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — The Kuper Island industrial school is located on Telegraph bay, on the southwest side of Kuper island, in Stuart channel, about five miles from Che- mainus station, Vancouver island. The school possesses an ideal location ; the sea and evergreen forest adding to the pleasantness of the location. The surroundings are dotted with numerous shade-trees, such as maples, linden, elms, acacias, walnuts, wild chestnuts, junipers, hollies, and mountain ash. i KUPER ISLAND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, B.C. 435 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Land. — The land used by the institution forms part of the Penelakut reserve on Kuper island. For the purposes of the school, an area of about seventy acres was surrendered by the Penelakut Indians. The land, which is fairly good, is best adapted for pasturage ; most of the timber has been cut down, several fields have been cleared of stumps, drained with tiles, and rendered suitable for grain and root crops. Buildings. — These are as follows : — (1.) Central iuilding, used for parlour, offices, dining-halls, kitchen, girls' school- room, two bed-rooms, chapel, and music-hall. (2.) The girls' home contains sewing-room, infii-mary for girls, store-rooms, recreation-room on the ground floor ; with girls' dormitories, linen and bath-rooms, and bed-rooms for the female members of the staff, on the second floor. (3.) The boys' home is divided on the lower floor as follows : boys' infirmary, teacher's room, store-room, band-room, lavatory and bath-rooms, boys' play-hall, and their class-room. On the upper floor are: linen-room, boys' dormitory, and bed-rooms for the male members of the staff. (4.) Residence for the foreman and his family. (5.) Laundry and drying-house with three furnaces and boilers. . (6.) Dairy with modern improvements. (7.) Gymnasium, also used for concerts and entertainments. (8.) Carpenter and shoemaker shops. (9.) Bakery with modern brick oven. (10.) Barns and implement-shed. (11.) Stables. (12.) Wood-shed for kitchen, with tool and oil compartments. (13.) Wood-shed for bakery and laundry. (14.) Pig-pens. (15.) Elevated tank for water. . (16.) Pig-pens, (17.) Lumber-shed. (18.) Hen-house. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for seventy-five pupils and a staff of eight officers. Attendance. — Sixty-seven pupils were inscribed on the roll for the year, with an average daily attefldance of a fraction over sixty-four. Class-room Work. — The boys and the girls are taught in separate buildings and by different teachers. On the whole their progress was very satisfactory. On June 18, Superintendent Vowell paid us his annual visit, and presided at the general exam- ination and stated that the general proficiency shown by the children is surprising, their writing, reading, arithmetic, and general idea of geography being well up to, and above the average. At the end of the year the pupils were graded as follows : — Standard 1 0 pupils II 10 « " III 13 « " IV 12 " " V 19 " " VI 11 " 65 " A total number of sixty-five pupils in attendance, of which thirty-five are boys and thirty are girls. Parm and Garden. — Farming being one of the most useful industries for our young meji, great effort is made that every boy who leaves the school shall have a practical knowledge of farming. The younger boys attend to the flower and vegetable gardens, the older ones do the heavier work on the farm, also milking and dairying. This vear the crops look very well. 27— i— 28i 436 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Our stock at the present time consists of ten cows, one yoke of oxen, one bull, one heifer, and four calves, five pigs, and about one hundred poultry. Boys' Industrial Work, — Carpentry. — Four boys received instruction in carpen- try from Mr. Henry Butsch, who is at the same time farming instructor. They were chiefly employed in repairing buildings and furniture, erecting fences, and making new furniture, thus acquiring a general knowledge of the use of tools in the shop. Shoemaking. — The six apprentices in this trade, under the instruction of Mr. J. M. Read, worked very faithfully, and have supplied all the pupils with new shoes, besides attending to the repairing. Several are now competent to make new shoes without the instructor's assistance. Painting. — Two boys attend to all the painting and have done it well. Baking. — The baking was under the supervision of two boys, but nearly all the senior boys and girls have learned the art of baking and have supplied the house with wholesome bread. Besides these industrial branches, lessons in milking, butter-making, and laundry- ing have been imparted to all the senior boys. . Girls' Industrial Work. — The girls have been taught all kinds of housework, hand and machine sewing, cutting, and finishing dresses and other wearing apparel, with commendable success. They have also made a great deal of valuable fancy work, for which they manifest considerable skill and aptitude. Moral and Religious Training. — Great care is taken to inculcate the highest stand- ard of morality, and to develop principles of virtue that will make their education most profitable to the pupils. Religious instruction is given daily for half an hour; morning and evening prayers are said in common. Conduct. — The conduct of the pupils has been very good. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils was remarkably good, in fact it has never been better. We had not a single case of serious sickness. This excel- lent state of health, is no doubt due to the good ventilation of the buildings and the improvement of ovir sewer system, which was so wisely approved by the department. Water Supply. — There is at all times an abundance of pure fresh water, supplied from natural springs. By means of an hydraulic ram the water is forced into a large tank, and thence is conveyed throiighout the buildings. Fire Protection. — The pupils are regularly trained in the working of the fire-hose, the handling of ladders, and fire-buckets, as well as in the operating of the nine Star chemical fire-engines^ In all the principal apartments there are water-taps to which the fire-hose can speedily be connected. Heating and Lighting. — Ordinary box-stoves alone are used for heating purposes, whilst coal-oil lamps supply the needed light. Recreation. — Amongst the great variety of games in which the boys indulge, foot- ball and baseball, marble-playing, swimming, fishing and boating during the summer; and coasting, chess and checkers during the winter, are the principal ones. The girls in their own playground, amuse themselves at swinging, skipping and playing ball. Althletic and calisthenio sports take place in our gymnasium, but the centre of all amusements and attractions is our brass band, which has made great progress under the able leadership of Mr. Henry Butsch, the foreman of the school. General Remarks. — During the year a great many visitors called at the school and were delighted with their visit. In the month of August, the Pacific squadron, under command of Rear-Admiral Andrew Bickford, C.M.G., honoured us with a call and for three days was anchored in our bay. The pupils were allowed to visit the ships and to inspect them thoroughly. They were vividly impressed by the power of the British navy, and the admirable discipline on board was an object lesson not soon to be forgotten. In closing this report I take much pleasure in thanking Mr. A. w. Vowell, Indian superintendent, for the unremitting interest which he takes in our school and for the uniform courtesy and kindness which he extends to us at all times. I i LYTTON INDUSTRIAL tiCIIOOL, B.C. 437 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 wish also gratefully to acknowledge the cheerful promptitude with which Mr. W. R. Kobertson, our agent, renders every assistance to the institution. I have, &c., G. DONCKELE, Principal. British Columbia, Lytton (St. George's) Industrial School, Lytton, October 1, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to present the first annual report of St. George's indus- trial school, Lytton, B.C. Location. — This school is situated two and a half miles north of Lytton, on the main line of the C. P. K The site is admirably chosen for an institution of this kind, being surrounded on both sides of the Fraser and Thompson rivers, by small Indian villages. The scenery is superb, and climate most healthy. Land. — We have about six hundred acres of land, about two-thirds of which can be cultivated, and one hundred and twenty are at present used for general farming. We have, about seven miles from the school, one hundred and fifty acres of timber and eighty acres of bush-land, and eighty acres being brought quickly into shape for crop. Surrounding the school, there are at present about one hundred and twenty acres used for general farming, and twenty-five acres burnt and ready for cleaning up. This land comprises lots 11 and 12, group 1, Yale district, and lot 47, provincial survey. The remainder was surveyed last autumn by the Dominion government and is owned by the New England Company. Buildings. — The school is frame on a stone foundation, and is two stories high on a very commodious basement, in which are rooms for carpenters' and shoemakers' work and general purposes. On the first story are : large dining-room, kitchen and pantries, two school-rooms, hat and cloak-room, chapel, private dining-room, office, library, drawing-room and conservatory. On the second story are: three large dormitories for about forty boys, lavatory, teacher's room, matron's, and two bed-rooms, dressing and bath-rooms and lavatory. Besides, and away from the school, are a log house for the carpenter, and under construction a wood-shed, cook's room and small office. There is also a farrahouse for foreman, barns, cattle-sheds, granary, tool-house, dairy, chicken-house, imple- ment-shed, and root-houses and piggery, all of which are in full use. Accommodation. — There is room for forty boys and staff of four in the school building. Attendance. — At present we have only twelve boys, ten from immediately round Lytton and two from a distance. Class-room Work. — The boys have three hours in the morning and half an hour in the evening in school, and as none of them had any previous education and knew but a few English words, the instruction has been very simple : reading, writing, and arithmetic and singing. The boys have made remarkable progress. Farm and Garden.— Besides working at general farm labour, small fruits and orchard, the children have each their own garden for vegetables and flowers, and 438 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 take the greatest pleasure in the many flowers which are new to them. Small farmers most of these Indian boys must of necessity be. Industries Taught. — There are at present scarcely the number of boys sufficient to warrant a shoemaker on the staff, but we engage as often as we can get him an instructor in this line, and our carpenter is also a good bricklayer and plasterer, and as we have a fair amount of frmt, box-making with us is quite an industry. I find the boys slow, but very sure and painstaking. I tried growing broom com with the idea of broom-making, intending to begin work in making this year brooms enough for the school. Moral and Religious Training. — Of course we cannot do much at present with these boys, but we watch them carefully and rebuke them for anything we find amiss. We have been able to teach them the Lord's Prayer and Apostles' Creed, and they can sing passably the Canticles in the Church of England Morning Prayer, and know about eight hymns. We have morning and evening prayers every day in the chapel, and have begun the reading of Genesis on Sunday afternoons, with instruction. Health and Sanitation. — Considering the general unhealthy condition of these children, we have been very free from sickness, and all the boys have improved won- derfully under good food, plenty of water and fresh air. Water Supply. — Our irrigation ditch is about seven miles long, taken out of Botanie creek, but in winter we get our supply from a small brooklet fed by a spring. Our tank is placed in this brooklet about nine hundred feet from the school, and one hundred and twenty-five feet above the base of the building. Thu dimensions of the tank, which is made of logs and clay, lined with concrete, are, twenty-three by twelve by seven feet, and the conveyance is by an inch and a half pipe.. Fire Protection. — At the north and south of the school we have fire-escapes from the dormitories, on the ridge of the roof an inch and a half pipe, perforated every six inches, and can by this drench the roof in a second. Besides these, we have taps in every part of the building ready for attachment of hose, of which we have four kept coiled and ready for use. Heating and Lighting. — The building is heated by two large hot-air furnaces, and the boys' large cement bath and lavatory are both served by a boiler in the base- ment heated by a Gurney heater. The chimneys are all very substantial and great care has been taken in the construction of these. The lighting is all stationary and by coal oil, but we have such a good supply of angle and common lamps that we carry no lights about except a lantern. Recreation. — The boys have about two hours a day for play and are drilled daily from the new militai-y drill-book, and they are supplied with balls, and sleighs for outside, and games of backgammon, draughts, dominoes, chess and other things. I have, &c., GEO. DITCHAM, Principal. British Columbia, Metlakatla Industrial School, Metlakatla, August 6, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended June 30, 1903. i METLAKATLA IXDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, B.C. 439 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Location. — This school is pleasantly situated in the village of Metlakatla, on the west side of the Tsimpsean peninsula. The view of the surrounding country, from the buildings, is varied and extensive. Land. — When the school was first established, six acres were surrendered by the Indians of this band, for the purposes of a school; and, lately they also gave the site on which stands the new building, erected for the accommodation of the girls. Buildings. — In the boys' division are the old main building, occupied by the boys and supervising staff; a comfortable school-house, in which the different classes are taught; a building divided into carpenter and shoemaker shops, store and laundry; a blacksmith shop and a coal-house, also a stable and fowl-house. During the pericd covered by this report, the girls occupied the old building for- merly used as the village hospital, but a larger and more suitable home is now erected for their accommodation. It is a wooden structure, two and a half stories high, the roof covered with galvanized metal shingles. It has a frontage of 64 feet with a depth of 22 feet, and two wings 20 feet wide, extending back 40 feet. The metal shingles are quite an innovation in this quarter. Credit for introducing them is due Mr. Mac- Laughlin of the Indian office, "Victoria. They will be a great protection against fire. The rooms on the first floor are as follows : reception-room, 12 x 13 feet 9 inches ; class-room, 18 feet 9 inches x 30 feet ; lavatory, 12 feet x 18 feet 9 inches ; cloak-room, 10 feet X 18 feet 9 inches; dining-room, 28x19 feet; pantry, 6x19 feet; kitchen, 12 x 19 feet; store-room, 10 x 19 feet. In the annex is the laundry, 19 feet 4 inches by 19 feet ; on the second floor is sit- uated a sick-room, 10x19 feet; matron's room, 19x12 feet; assistants' room, 19 feet 8 inches by 12 feet; teachers' room, 9 x 12 feet ; room for clothing, 7 feet 9 inches by 8 feet 6 inches. There are two dormitories, 19 x 42 feet, and 19 x 38 feet respectively. Attics are in the half story, and in the basement is a room 19 x 31 feet. Accommodation. — The two hranches (boys' and girls') were occupied in all by fifty pupils, and four officers, the principal, the matron, her assistant and a cook. The teacher of the girls lived at the ' White Home ', and the trade instructor in the village. In the boys' division, the accommodation is good, but rather limited, there being in all the dormitories, including the room for the sick, space only for about twenty-seven beds. In the girls' department, under the care of Miss R. M. Davies, there was room for about twenty-five beds, but in the new building now finished, and about to be oc- cupied by the girls, there is room for thirty pupils, a matron, and two assistants. Attendance. — Twenty-eight boys and twenty-two girls were in attendance, giving an average of about forty-eight pupils, except during the salmon-fishing, when most of the boys went out to assist their parents to earn the family living. Class-room Work. — A considerable part of the time of the elder and more ad- vanced pupils, both boys and girls, was necessarily occupied in industrial work, and these therefore only attended class instruction half the day; but the younger child- ren, and those lately admitted, were under instruction in the school-room all day. The boys were taught by the principal, and the girls by Miss Helena Jackson. Fair progress was made in the different subjects of study and instruction. The classi- fication of the pupils during the last quarter was as follows : — Standard 1 1 pupils « II 9 " " in 6 " " lY 23 " " Y 4 « « VI 7 " Industrial Work. — Sixteen pupils received instruction in carpentry and painting. They were chiefly employed making school and household furniture, building, fencing, and in painting the new church in the village, also our workshops, and other buildings. All the boys worked occasionally at gardening, and a few at shoe-mending. The girla 440 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 ■were employed at cooking, laiindry, domestic work and needlework. The older girls show considerable proficieqcy in both plain and fancy needlework. They were also taught the art of cutting and fitting; several dresses were made entirely by them. At laundry work they learned a good deal, and many of them can do plain and fancy cooking. They are very clean and tidy. Moral and Religious Training. — AH the employees of the school try to impress upon the children the importance of being civil and obedient, kind and obliging, truthful and honest. Religious instruction is given daily, and all the pupils attend the church services and school on Sundays. Health and Sanitation. — About the middle of winter grippe became epidemic in the village, and a few weeks afterwards extended to this school ; but, although nearly all the pupils were attacked, they all recovered. I regret having to report that one girl became seriously ill with consumption, was discharged to her parents, and died shortly afterwards. The health of the child- ren was otherwise good. About the end of winter, Geo. Soucie, for many years our cook, died of pneumonia, much to our regret. He was kindly disposed, often showing his good will by giving some gift to the school. Just before his death he gave a flag and large bell. They must have cost him about $50. The ventilation and drainage of the boys' division are good. The situation of the building occupied by the girls made drainage difficult and unsatisfactory, but in the one now erected that difficulty is removed. Water Supply. — The rain that falls on the buildings is conveyed into tanks hav- ing a capacity of about six thousand gallons. For domestic use that quantity is nearly sufficient. The tanks are often cleaned out and the water is good. Fire Protection. — The chimney flues are made of terra cotta pipes, and are fre- quently^ swept out. Buckets, ladders, fireman's axes and four small glass-lined chemical fire-extingui- shers are kept ready for use in a convenient place, and the boys have become very expert at handling these appliances ; but a f orce-ptmip with necessary hose and an ad- ditional water-tank are still much needed. Heating. — The rooms on the lower floors are heated by coal stoves, but the dormi- tories have no heating appliances. Recreation. — The boys in fine weather play most frequently at rounders, baseball and football. They are also fond of swimming, boating and fishing. In the winter evenings they play draughts and other games. The girls skip and swing, occasionally boating and bathing in the summer. In- doors, in winter, they sing and play halma, lotto and draughts. General Remarks. — The Sunday school was continued under the efficient superin- tendence of Miss West, assisted by other ladies. The Rev. J. H. Keen kindly gave re- ligious instruction, once a week, in both branches of the school. In November last Miss Helena Jackson returned from furlough and took up again the work of teaching the Indian girls. Miss A. Edwards after several years' work among the children has lately gone on furlough to England ; and her place was filled by Miss E. Collison. At the beginning of March last, Mr. Herbert Clifton, trade instructor, resigned and left, getting more remunerative employment as master of one of the cannery steamers, and Mr. Peter Haldane is now the instructor in carpentry. Mr. Chas. Todd, for many years Indian agent here, died last September, and the school, with deep regret, then lost one who always took a warm interest in its welfare. He was very much liked, and highly esteemed, both by whites and Indians, for his kind and sympathetic disposition, courteous manner, honesty and worth. About the beginning of the year we had the pleasure of a visit from Super- intendent Vowell, and afterwards several visits from Mr. McLaughlin, while acting agent, and from Mr. Morrow, the present agent. i WILLIAMS LAKE IXDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, B.C. 441 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 It gives me mucli pleasure to be able to state that reports received regarding pupils who were from time to time discharged from this school show that the conduct of thene ex-pupils is generally satisfactory. I have, &c., JNO. E. SCOTT, Princival. British Columbia, Williams Lake Industrial School, 150-Mile House P.O., July 14, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report for the year ended June 30, 1903. Location. — This school is situated about four miles from Sugar Cane reserve. It stands on the right bank of the San Jose river. Land. — All the land in connection with the school is the property of the Oblate Fathers. Buildings. — The buildings consist of the boys' school, dwelling-house for the principal and missionaries, kitchen and dining-rooms, girls' school, meat-house, har- ness-shop and granary. No new building has been erected this year, but a separ- ate and larger carpenter-shop will have to be built the coming year. Accommodation. — In the boys' school accommodation can be provided for forty and in the girls' school for fifty pupils with necessary staff. Attendance. — On the whole, the attendance has been satisfactory this year. Class-room Work. — All the pupils have four hours' school every day. We are happy to state that they have greatly improved in their different studies and speak English almost as fluently and correctly as white children. The pupils are graded as follows : — Standard 1 2 pupils " II 11 " III 9 " " IV 14 " « Y 2 " 38 " Farm and Garden. — This year the crops on the farm look fine; all the different kinds of berries too, promise well, but carrots and turnips are almost a total failure. Industries Taught. — The work for the boys consists chiefly in gardening, daily and field work, sawing and splitting wood. The carpenters have been working most in the Fathers' house, which is now finished. Under the efiicient management of Sister Euphrasia the girls attend to the general housework and take their turns at the kitchen, laundry and bakery. They are taught hand and machine sewing, cutting, fitting and finishing dresses. They have been mending all their own and the boys' clothing and loiitting many pairs of stockings. Moral and Eeligious Training. — This being the most important part of education, no effort is spared to instruct the pupils thoroughly in moral and religious subjects. 442 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Morning and evening prayers are said in common; every day three-quarters of an hour is given to religious instruction and on Sundays the pupils attend divine service in the church. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the children was very good up to last month, when we were visited by an epidemic of whooping-cough. The drainage is good and cleanliness strictly enforced. Water Supply. — I regret to have to report that the water-supply here is again a very poor one. The water system built by my predecessor, and that, I think the only efficient one here, especially in winter, was working well up to last fall. But there is hope — without too great an outlay of money — that it can be again put in working order. During the summer the water is obtained from a ditch that passes behind the institution, but in winter it is rather difficult and it is then that the buildings are most exposed to the danger of destruction by fire. Fire Protection. — Four Carr glass-lined fire-extinguishers, fire hose, pails and ladders are always at hand. Heating and Lighting. — The lighting is by coal-oil lamps, and the heating by ordinary box-stoves. Recreation. — The boys' principal outdoor sports are football and swimming in summer and skating in winter. The girls' playground has been much enlarged and newly fenced in. There, each has her own flower garden, of which they take good care. General Remarks. — All the ex-pupils, with very few exceptions, continue to be a credit to the school. In conclusion I wish to state here my grateful appreciation of the interest taken in our work by Mr. A. W. Vow'ell, Indian superintendent, and by our worthy agent, Mr. E. Bell, who in his regular official visits examined the children in their different studies and seemed always well pleased. I have, &c., H. BOENING, Principal. Manitoba Superintendency, Lake Winnipeg and Rat Portage Inspectorate, Stonewall, Man., October 23, 1903. The Honourable The Sui)erintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of my inspection of indus- trial, boarding and day schools, in Manitoba and the district of Keewatin, from Feb- ruary 12, to October 23, 1903. MUCKLES CREEK DAY SCHOOL. This school is situated on the St. Peter's reserve, in the Clandeboye agency, and was inspected by me, accompanied by Councillor Harper, on February 12, 1903. Num- ber of pupils present seven: boys,^ three; girls, four; number on roll twenty-four, graded as follows : — '^ ^ Standard I 12 pupils II 4 " " in 5 " IV 3 " 24 i LAKE W I XXI PEG AXD BAT PORTAGE IXSPECTORATE, MAX. 443 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Mrs. C. Fitzgerald, teacher, has no certificate, but has been recommended by the Kev. A. E. Cowley, rector, parish of St. James, Manitoba. The school buildings are in a fair state of repair. The teacher has good control of her school and I believe her capable of good work. The average attendance for the quarter previous to my visit was H-44 ; the small attendance on the day of inspection being accounted for by a wedding in the neigh- bourhood. The school is under the auspices of the Church of England. EAST ST. Peter's roman catholic day school. This school is situated in the Clandeboye agency and was inspected by me, ac- companied by Councillor Harper, on February 12, 1903. JSTumber of pupils present, eight: boys, three; girls,, five; number on roll eighteen, graded as follows : — Standard 1 12 pupils II 6 " 18 Miss M. Fitzgerald, teacher. The school building at the time of my visit was in a fair state of repair. The teacher lives in a small log building near the school and there is a Roman Catholic church on the same lot in which service is held twice a month. Miss Fitzgerald received her education at the St. Mai-y^s academy, Winnipeg, and has no certificate; she appears capable of doing good work and had the class I examined, in good shape. This school is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church and is only half a mile from the East St. Peter's English Church school. It appears to me that these schools should be further apart and a better attendance at both would be the result. Out of eighteen children on the roll of this school, eight are Protestant and no teaching is given that will in any way interfere with their religious convictions. The teacher reports great difficulty in getting the children to attend regularly. east ST. Peter's Anglican day school. This school is situated in the Clandeboye agency and was inspected by me on October 21, 1903. I was accompanied by Chief Wm. Prince and Councillor Harper of the St. Peter's band. The number of pupils in attendance was fifteen: boys, six; girls, nine; number on roll eighteen ; graded as follows : — Standard 1 11 pupils " II 3 " '• III 4 « • 18 Peter Harper, teacher. This young man is a member of the St. Peter's band and received his education at the reserve day schools. He attended for five years and was appointed to this school in March last at the request of the chief and council. He appears perfectly capable of teaching the class of pupils who attend the school; all his classes are doing nicely and he has good control. He spends part of the time in teaching the children singing, and with good success. The school is a frame building, 20 x 30 feet, sheeted inside and out and well painted ; it has a stone foundation. I may say that in addition to the eighteen treaty children on his roll, he has seven non-treaty children, the average attendance for his last quarter being 11 -44 treaty, and four non-treaty. I might also remark that the Manitoba government gives an allow- ance of twenty-five cents per pupil per month for each non-treaty child; this supple- 444 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 inented his salary last quarter by the amount of three dollars. The material supplied is in good order and well cared for. The school is under the auspices of the Church of England. NORTH ST. Peter's day school. This school is situated on the east side of the Red river in the Clandeboye agency and was inspected by me on October 21, 1903. Chief Wm. Prince and Councillor Harper, of the St. Peter's band, attended at the inspection. Number of pupils present, three; boys, one ; girls, two ; number on roll twenty, graded as follows : — Standard 1 3 pupils " II ,. .. 9 " " III 8 " Lewis Leclaire, teacher. This teacher is a pupil of the Rupert's Land industrial school and attended there for five years. He was recommended for the position by the chief and council and was acceptable to the English Church clergyman who has charge of this' work. He is perfectly competent to teach the Indian children who are likely to attend. The attendance is very bad, the average on his last quarterly return being 2*25. The children present were of average intelligence and acquitted themselves well. He gives as a reason for the absence of the Indians, the summer fishing and hvmting, and also the bad roads. The chief suggests that if they had power in some way to fine the parents for not sending their children when they are at home, it would have a good effect. The school building is of log, chinked and plastered inside and out, and is in a . fair state of repair. It is 18 x 24 feet in size, with small addition at the back, 8x8 feet which opens into the main school-room. This addition is occupied by the teacher's desk, cupboard for material, &c. The school is under the auspices of the Church of England. < south ST. Peter's day school. This school is situated on the west side of the Red river, about two miles north of Selkirk, in the Clandeboye agency, and was inspected October 21, 19U3. Chief Wm. Prince and Councillor Harper of the St. Peter's band were present at the inspection. Number of pupils present, twenty-one; boys, ten; girls, eleven ; number on roll thirty-two, graded as follows : — Standard 1 15 pupils II 5 " III 4 " IV 6 " " V 2 " Miss Sadie Lewis, teacher. This teacher has no certificate, but appears perfectly competent to teach all the classes in her room. The classes examined had a good knowledge of their lessons and appeared to be anxious to do their best. The school building is frame, size 18 x 30 feet, lined with siding outside and lath and plaster inside ; it is well painted and is kept neat and clean. All the material is in good condition, and well cared for. At the close of school, pupils return all material to the teacher, even to the slate pencils. Miss Lewis is endeavouring to get i LAKE WINNIPEG AND RAT FORT AGE INSPECTORATE, MAN. 445 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 the children to talk out loud and quick, instead of drawling along as is usual with most Indian children. Very often it is almost impossible to know what they are saying when the class has. a reading lesson. The copy-books at this school show that the writing is in nearly every instance good. The school is under the auspices of the Church of England, though the teacher is of the Presbyterian faith. School was closed with the Lord's Prayer and Benediction. BROKENHEAD DAY SCHOOL. At the time of my visit, July 13, 1903 (treaty payments) this school was closed ; the teacher W. Sweetman having resigned, but since that time a Mrs. Coats has been appointed and is now teaching on the reserve. FORT ALEXANDER DAY SCHOOLS. There are two day schools at Fort Alexander, in the Clandeboye agency, one each, under the English and Roman Catholic Churches. At the time of my visit, July 15, 1903, both schools were closed, the summer holidays being on. BLACK RIVER DAY SCHOOL. This school is situated in the Berens River agency and at the time of visit was closed and teacher away for the holidays. The average attendance for the year ended June 30, was 5 -16. HOLLOWWATER DAY SCHOOL. This school is situated in the Berens River agency and was inspected on July 17, 1903. I was accompanied by the agent. Rev. John Semmens. ISTumber of pupils present, eighteen: boys, five; girls, thirteen; number on roll, eighteen; graded as follows : — Standard 1 9 pupils " II 3 " III 2 " " lY 4 " 18 The teacher, John Sinclair, is also the Church of England missionary. This school is in very fair condition, the pupils being neat, clean and orderly, and when examined knew their lessons well. The material of the school is in good order, and well cared for. The building is also a good one and is kept clean, both floor and walls. The average attendance for the year ended June 30, was 4*1.'^. FISHER RIVER DAY SCHOOL. This school is situated in the Berens River agency and was inspected on July 22, 1903. Rev. John Semmens, the agent, was also present. Number of pupils present, fifteen: boys, six; girls, nine; number on roll, forty- nine; classified as follows : — Standard I 31 pupils II 6 " « III 5 " IV Y " 49 446 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Miss Eva Savage was teaclier, but had put in her resignation. The day of our visit was the last day of her teaching, and school closed for the holidays. The pupils present had a fair knowledge of their lessons, but irregular attendance was having a bad effect on the school. Material was well kept and in good order, and the school-room was neat and clean. The children were well dressed and clean, comparing favourably with the children in our white schools. The average attendance for the year was 21-6. The acting-chief and band, at a meeting held by me, said they would like a native teacher appointed to their school. JAOKHEAD DAY SCHOOL. This school is situated in the Berens River agency and had been closed for some time before my visit on July 2Y, as the teacher had left. A new teacher. Louis La- ronde, has since been appointed. BERENS RIVER DAY SCHOOL. This school was closed at the time of my visit, July 28, for the summer holidays. Miss Sarah Kitchen, the former teacher having left. S. Postill has been appointed in her place. The average attendance is twenty. POPLAR RIVER DAY SCHOOL. This school was also closed on July 31, the date of my visit. The band at a meet- ing held after the treaty payment expressed its desire and wish to do everything possible to make its day school successful. The average attendance for the year ended June 30 was eighteen. NORWAY HOUSE BOARDING SCHOOL. This school was inspected by me, accompanied by the Rev. John Semmens, agent, on Monday, August 3, 1903. It is situated on the reserve of the Norway House band at Rossville, where the Methodist mission is located. It is very well placed on little Playgreen lake and has a fine view. Number of pupils present, fifty-five: boys, twenty-four; girls, thirty-one. I might say that the class-room for this school is close to the reserve day school, and they grade both schools and run them in connection, which is a good idea, and works well. Part of the reserve and boarding school children are in both rooms. The junior children were in charge of Dr. Lillian Yeomans, the boarding school teacher, who certainly had them well advanced for their age. They read quick and well and are a bright lot of children. Pupils present, thirty-two : boys, fourteen; girls, eighteen; these pupils are all in standards I and II, and show that they have been carefully trained. The discipline and order were excellent, and the pupils were clean and comfortably dressed. The boarding school proper is a frame building two stories and basement. So far there is no drainage to the main building and they have great difficulty in keeping their cellars dry. Part of the stone foundation is giving way and will have to be replaced at an early date. On the first floor are ten rooms, namely, the principal's quarters, girls' and boys' play-rooms, a dining-room, kitchen and two store-rooms. On the first floor are two dormitories, a sewing-room, and two bed- rooms. The principal is just completing a large stable, 28 x 30 feet, built of logs, and pit-sawn lumber, manufactured almost entirely by himseH and the boys, which will give them much needed accommodation for their stock, of which they keep seven head. The boys have assisted in all the outside work for the season such as gardening, feeding, and looking after the stock, building the new stable, digging a sewer from the main building, cutting the wood, bringing in the water, and all the i LAKE WINNIPEG AND HAT PORTAGE ISSPKCTORATE, MAN. 447 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 other work which is necessary to such an institution. The girls assist in work of the house, and as well are taught sewing by the seamstress. Miss Riley, who takes a very great interest in them. The staff of the institution is as follows : Miss C. A. Yeomans, matron; Dr. Lillian Yeomans, teacher; Miss H. T. Riley, seamstress; Miss A. Brandon, cook. The whole building was in good order, neat and clean, and the dormitories for the pupils are well lighted and ventilated and kept in the very best of order. The school is under the management of the Methodist Church of Canada, and receives a per capita grant. The principal is anxious to make the school a success and is doing everything in his power to make the pupils happy and Qontended. He holds morning and evening 'prayers and on Sunday they attend the Methodist church (which is about a quarter of a mile away) three times a day, twice for service and once for Sunday school. There has been some little difficulty in the past between the chief and council and the man- agement of the school, but at the band meeting- held by me at the close of the treaty payments, the chief said he would do all he could to assist the school, that is he would see that the children, were sent back who for any reason might be away from the school. At the present time the management is hampered by the want of arable land, there is good land adjoining the school that would be suitable, and I believe some arrangement can be made whereby the band will agree to transfer some of this to the institution. I also inspected this school on September 18, 1903, and have no further remarks to make, except to report changes in the staff as follows : Rev. J. A. G. Lousley, prin- cipal; Mrs. Lousley, acting as matron and cook; Mr. Fred. J. Joblin, teacher; Miss H. T. Riley, seamstress. The principal at my visit was expecting to hear that a matron and cook had been appointed. The boys of the school and himself were also busy getting the stable ready for the winter. They have an appropriation of $800 for a new building which the principal is ar- ranging to put up, adjoining the main building. In this addition will be a sick ward and much needed apartments for the staff. NORWAY HOUSE DAY SCHOOL. This school is situated on the ISTorway House reserve in the Berens River agency in the district of Keewatin and was inspected on August 3, 1903. The number of pupils present, was fifteen : boys, six ; girls, nine ; number on roll, twenty-six. The classification of the pupils is as follows : — Standard 1 21 pupils " II 4 " « III 1 " Miss Laura R. Lousley is teacher. The school building is comfortable and clean, the pupils were also clean and well dressed and neat in their appearance. This is the banner school in the agency and is a credit to the teacher and the church. The school is under the auspices of the Methodist Church. I also inspected this school on September 18, 1903, and have nothing to add to the above report. CROSS LAKE DAY SCHOOL, This school is situated at Cross lake about seventy miles below Norway House on the Nelson river. On my arrival I found that the regular teacher had left in March and that there was no regular school kept. The average attendance at this school for the past year was 5 '10. 448 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Edward Papanakiss, the native Methodist missionary, stationed at this point, has heen doing some teaching to prevent the children from forgetting all they had already learned. At the band meeting held after my arrival, the unanimous wish was that the school be kept open. Rupert's land industrial school. This school was inspected on October 14, 15, and 16, 1903. The number of pupils present was eighty-three ; boys, forty-two ; girls, forty- one ; classified as follows : — A Division, Part 1 12 pupils A '' " II 3 " B " junior 11 10 " A " senior II 10 " B " junior III 12 " A '*' senior III 8 " B " junior IV 13 " B " senior IV 8 " A " standard V » 7 " In explanation I may say that ' A ' division attends in the morning and ' B ' div- ision in the afternoon, this is reversed at the beginning of every month. L. A. Fergu- son is teacher of the senior department, and Miss Cree of the junior. Both departments were well conducted and the pupils show evidence of careful training. There is plenty of school material, but more blackboard space is required. The two class-rooms are divided by sliding doors, which allow the noise from each room to be heard in the other, which at times is very annoying. There should be a solid or dead- ened wall of some kind built between the two class-rooms to prevent the noise. The pupils were clean and weU dressed, the order was excellent and both teachers appear to have their pupils well in hand. I heard the different classes go through their ordinary lessons and I report these schools as a credit to the teachers. The following is the staff of the school: — Joseph Thompson, principal ; L. A. Ferguson, teacher, senior department ; Miss Cree, teacher, junior department ; Miss Bussell, matron ; A. G. Mathison, farmer ; W. D. Tranter, carpenter instructor, blacksmith, and engineer; Mrs, J. D. Wilson, seamstress; Mrs. W, D. Tranter, laundress ; Miss Parker, cook. The farm is situated on the Ked river in the St. Paul's parish, about seven miles from Winnipeg, and consists of about three hundred and eighty acres ; it is twelve chains wide by four miles long, which makes it a very awkward farm to work, for an institution of this kind, it being very difficult for the farmer to keep his pupils who work with him in sight. The buildings comprise : — the main building, of white brick, three stories, 34 x 82 feet, with a wing also of white brick, three stories, 34 x 58 feet; principal's house, frame, two stories, 26 x 31 feet; a store-room, frame, one story, 16 x 24 feet; laundry, frame, two stories, 20 x 24 feet; power-house, frame, one story, 12 x 14 feet; car- penter-shop, frame, one and a half stories, 18 x 24 feet ; granary, frame, one and a half stories, 24 x 29 feet ; horse-stable, frame, one and a half stories, 21 x 33 feet ; drill-hall, with class-room upstairs, frame, one story, 31 x 61 feet ; printing-office, frame, one story, 18 x 24 feet ; blacksmith-shop and ice-house, log, one and a half stories, 22 x 60 feet; shed for wagons, &c., frame, one story, 12 x 36 feet ; house, (double), frame, two stories, 25 x 31 feet ; hen-house, frame, one story, 6 x 15 feet ; piggery, frame, one and a half stories, 40 x 43 feet; cow-stable, frame, one and a half stories, 55 x 60 feet; root-house and granary, frame, one and a half stories, 19 i LAKE WIXXIPEG AND RAT PORTA'JE INSPECTORATE, MAN. 449 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 X 64" feet ; glass house, one siory, 10 x 23 feet ; two water-closets, each of frame, one story, 12 x 16 feet. The buildings all present a very creditable appearance, being painted and kept in good repair. The girls are taught general housekeeping and knitting and sewing; the boys are taught farming and also a number are being taught carpenter work, how to do or- dinary blacksmithing, printing, &c. From the course of instruction followed, the boys should be very useful members of society when they leave at eighteen or twenty years of age. The food is good and well cooked, and plenty of it. The pupils are well clothed, the girls have good underwear, one merino dress for best, one for second best, and a cotton dress for work, they also have decent shoes and hats, the girls look well in their common every-day clothes. The boys have good underwear, two suits of clothes each, as well as a khaki suit of denim for work, and have good hats and caps and are well shod. There is nothing to be desired in the way of clothing at this institution. The accommodation for pupils and staff is ample, more than enough for the pre- sent number attending, and they could easily accommodate forty more pupils. The health of the pupils is first-class. The ventilation of the building is good; the rooms are all large, and with plenty of windows. This, along with the location of the building on a high bank of the Red river, assures plenty of fresh pure air for every one living in the institution. The water-supply is good, there is a well in the piggery sixty-three feet deep, bored, with six-inch iron casing. There is a well sixty-four feet deep in the yard back of the printing office at which the stock is watered, this is first-class water. The well, back of laundry near power-house, from which all the water is supplied to the main building, is sixty-six feet deep; twenty feet curbed with wood, three feet in diameter; forty-six feet bored and piped with six-inch iron pipe; this is good water. The well in the basement of the main building, seventy feet deep, with hot-air engine, has not been in use since July, 1902 ; the reason given being that a new well was put down back of the laundry, which is run. by the engine, which also runs the saw, chops the grain and runs the electric light plant. All the rain-water at the present time runs into the sewer. This water should all be saved in tanks somewhere handy to the laundry. The main building is drained by a sewer which empties into the Eed river. A six- inch iron pipe is inside the building and a nine-inch pipe outside. The present laundry and the principal's house are also connected to this system. There is one fire-escape which reaches from first to third floors located at back of main building at the corner of wing. There is very little punishment at this school, the principal depends on iii-mness and kindness more than on the rod, and from what I have seen, with good results. The live stock consists of six horses, nineteen cows, two steers, five young animals and seventy-nine pigs. They have no crop to speak of this year, a few hundred bushels of poor potatoes, a few cabbage and about sixty tons of hay, being all the farm produced. The books will be audited, inventory made, and statements forwarded with do- tailed report to the Indian Commissioner. Your obedient servant, S. J, JACKSO^T^ Inspector of Indian Agencies. 27— i— 29 450 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Manitoba Superintendency^ Lake Manitoba Inspectorate, Portage la Prairie, September 15, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of my inspection of industrial, boarding, and day schools for the past year. BRANDON industrial SCHOOL (METHODIST). Inspected! March 10 to 21, 1903. The number of pupils in attendance was one hundred and three; boys, fifty-one; girls, fifty-two. Classified as follows : — Standard 1 43 pupils " II 9 " " III 26 " " IV 21 " " V 4 " " Staff. — Rev. T. Ferrier, principal ; W. H. Stearn, assistant principal ; Helen Sutherland, matron ; Martha Burke, assistant matron ; Miss Brown, professional nurse ; Miss Abbie Gordon, teacher ; Miss Lucy Brett, teacher ; J. G. Milne, farmer; T. B. Barner, carpenter ; H. Goodland, gardener and fireman ; Margaret Shields, cook ; Miss Arnitt, laundress, and Miss Black, seamstress. The class-room work is divided into two departments: Miss Brett has charge of the junior room, and Miss Gordon the senior division. Both divisions showed satis- factory work. An excellent tone prevails throughout the entire staff, all appear to work in har- mony for the common good. The principal is master of his work, and has the confidence of all connected with the institution, he is very ably supported by his staff. The various branches of industrial pursuits are taught in a thorough and prac- tical manner, particular attention is given to the farm work, while inside the build- ing the girls are taught every thing to make them efficient housekeepers. The larger boys and girls attend classes half the day, the other half is devoted to practical training. Ample time is devoted to religious exercises, and recreation. The main building and outbuildings are in good repair, except the house occupied by the cai-penter : this I understand has been moved to another place, and converted into a carpenter-shop to take the place of the building destroyed by fire last year, and a new house erected for the caiiDenter's residence. The main building is a brick-veneer, heated by hot air, lighted by electricity and has good ventilation. The appliances for fighting fire are reasonably good. The insti- tution is entirely maintained by the departmental grant. elkiiorn industrial school (undenominational). Inspected April 13 to 21, 1903. Pupils in attendance, eighty-two: boys, fifty-four; girls, twenty-eight. Classified as follows : — Standard I 12 pupils '' II 20 " III 30 •• IV 7 " " V 8 " « V 5 " VI 5 " i LAKE MANITOBA INSPECTORATE, MAN. 451 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Staff: Mr. A.E.Wilson, principal; Mrs. Wikon, assistant principal; T. T. Smith, farmer: Joseph Webster, supervisor; Mrs. Webster, matron; Miss A. M. Marks, teacher: John Cook, carpenter; Mrs. Cook, cook; Miss Abbie Anthony, assistant cook; Miss F. Dicken, seamstress; Miss E. Smith, laundress; Ben Smith, bootmaker; Godwin Cook, captain; Miss Allinson, nurse. The pupils, with a few exceptions, are a bright, healthy lot, and are making excel- lent progress in class-room work under the supervision of Miss Marks. The main building and outbuildings are in good repair. The new residence for the principal is a very comfortable frame building on stone foundation, it is heated by hot water. The hot-water heating system in the main building is defective and costly, coal is ihe fuel used. All buildings are lighted by kerosene. The industries taught the boys are farming, gardening, carpentry, and shoemaking, the smaller boys also assist in the general housework. The girls are instructed in nearly all branches of ordinary household work, such as to fit them for positions as domestic servants, or good housekeepers. Considerable attention is given to the religious and moral training of the pupils. The farm crop of 1902 consisted of one thousand five hundred and seventy-eight bushels of wheat, one thousand four hundred bushels of oats, one hundred and seventy- eight bushels of barley, five hundred and fifty bushels of potatoes, and a large quantity of vegetables. About one hundred and forty-five acres of land is under cultivation. The crop returns for this year are not yet in. The live stock consists of six horses, seven cows, and one calf. A number of changes have been made recently in the staff. The main building is protected against fire by a McEobie fire-extinguisher. A detailed report of my inspection is in the hands of the Indian Commissioner. PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE (SIOUx) BOARDIXG SCHOOL (PRESBYTERIAX). The staff consists of: Mr. W. A. Hendry, principal; Mrs. Hendry, matron; Miss Hendry, assistant matron. There are twenty-two pupils in attendance: boys, eleven; girls, eleven. Classified as follows : — Standard 1 6 pupils II 0 " III 3 " IV 3 " " ' V 1 " This school has a departmental grant of $72 per capita for twenty pupils. This grant pays the ordinary running expenses, except the salary of the staff, this is pro- vided by the Foreign Missionary Society of the Church. I am pleased to report that at the end of the last fiscal year all liabilities were paid, and a surplus of $13.34 cash on hand. The school continues to do excellent work, most of the pupils are quite young, but they are a bright intelligent lot. Mr. Hendry acts as teacher, and he evidently has the knack of imparting instruction. Mrs. Hendry is a qualified trained nurse, her services are of great benefit to the school. Miss Hendry is an efficient assistant matron. The larger girls assist in the general housework, and are also instructed in sew- ing, knitting, &c. ; the boys attend to the garden and do most of the chores about the building. The buildings are frame, in good repair, with accommodation for forty pupils. Thev are heated bv hot-air furnaces, and lighted by electricity. 2Y— i— 29i 452 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 The school is situated within the bounds of the town fire-protection. PINE CREEK BOARDING SCHOOL (ROMAN CATHOLIC). Eev. P. Bousquet, principal ; Rev. H. Geelen, assistant principal ; lay Brother Gauthier, machinist, and carpenter ; lay Brother Danaour, farmer ; Lady Superior, and six assistants. The enrolment is fifty-nine ; boys, twenty-three ; girls, thirty- six ; classified as follows : — Standard 1 1 pupils II 7 « III 16 " IV 15 " V 11 " " VI 9 " Expenditure for fiscal year ended June 30, 1903. Salaries $ 500 00 Food 2.310 00 Clothing S90 00 Repairs on buildings 280 00 Sundries 380 00 Fuel and light 230 00 Total $ 4,590 00 Departmental grant $ 4,125 00 1 am pleased to be able to state that considerable improvement is noticed in class- room work this year. Mother Alma and Sister Agnes are the teachers. I understand that English is the only language spoken in the class-rooms. I can say without hesitation that the work done here will compare favourably with any of the industrial schools I have visited, in fact the institution as it is con- ducted is more on the line of an industrial than boarding school, both boys and girls receive the same training as in the industrials. This institution comes the nearest to my idea of the primary education of Indian children of any in my inspectorate. During the summer a commodious fowl-house and an ice-house have been erected, also a large carpenter-shop with annex for gasoline engine. A medical inspection of the pupils was made by Dr. Lundy, at which I was pre- sent, they are without exception the healthiest lot of Indian children I have come in contact with. The building is without fire-escapes, these should be provided. The heating is done by a steam plant, which gives entire satisfaction. The lighting is by kerosene lamps, a dangerous way of lighting an institution of this kind in an out of the way place. It is protected from fire by three large tanks of water in the attic with hose connections on two upper floors, there are also two hand fire-extinguishers. A day school is connected with the boarding school, the average attendance is fifteen, they receive the same class-room training as in the boarding school. PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE AGENCY. SWAN LAKE DAY SCHOOL (pRESBYTERIAN). K. M. Garrioch, teacher. Enrolment, eleven. Average attendance for the la^t fiscal year, seven. This is the second .year that this school has been in oi)eration. Progress, fair. Not many children of school age on the reserve, those there are attend fairly regularly. Frame school building in good repair, well equipped. i LAKE MANITOBA INSPECTORATE, MAN. 453 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ROSEAU RAPIDS DAY SCHOOL. A new school building has been erected on this reserve. Not yet opened. Expect to find a teacher shortly. MANITOWAPAH AGENCY. SANDY BAY DAY SCHOOL (ROMAN CATHOLIC). Miss Olive Goulet, teacher. Enrolment, forty-four. Average attendance for year, twenty-five. Classification : standard I, twenty-four ; standard II, ten ; standard III, four; standard IV, four; standard V, two. Miss Goulet is doing good work, the school has improved very much under her car^. Frame school-house in good repair. Equipment ample. LAKE MANITOBA DAY SCHOOL (ROMAN CATHOLIC). Mr. L. E. Martel, teacher. Enrolment, twenty-one. Average attendance for year, ten. Six in standard I; nine in standard II; six in standard II. Pupils show a little improvement over last year, but it is very slight. Parents take but little interest in the school, and many of them live too far away to send their children with any regular- ity. The school is a log building in good repair and is well supplied with everything necessary. EBB AND FLOW LAKE DAY SCHOOL (ROMAN CATHOLIC). Miss Beaubien, teacher. (Since resigned.) Enrolment, sixteen; average attendance for year, nine. Classified : ten in standard I ; three in standard II ; three in standard III. Miss Beaubien has done excellent work during the past year and it is a pity to lose her services. This is a small band with very few children of school age, but owing to the influence of the teacher, the parents have i)ecome much interested. It is a log school-house, and will be very comfortable when fully completed. There is ample equipment for present requirements. UPPER FAIRFORD DAY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). Rev. George Bruce, teacher. Enrolment, seventeen. Average attendance for year, ten. Classified: ten in standard I; six in standard II; one in standard IV. I cannot note any improvement in this school, in fact it is gradually going back year by year. Mr. Bruce is an elderly gentleman, and his method of teaching is anti- quated. This should be a good school, as the Indians residing here are the most intel- ligent of any in the agency, and stay closer on the reserve. The school-house is a frame building in good repair, LOWER FAIRFORD DAY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). Mr. Robert Bruce, teacher. Enrolment, thirty-one. Average attendance for year, fifteen. Classification: twenty -five in standard I; two in standard II; four in standard III, iSTo improvement is noticeable in this school, the work is not at all what it should be. The teacher lacks energy, and has not the faculty of imparting instruction. The attendance is irregular owing to the distance that many of the pupils are from the 454 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 school, still there are enough pupils living convenient to make the attendance at least fair, if the teacher was more enthusiastic in his work. It is a very comfortable log building, in good condition, well ventilated and well equipped, LITTLE SASKATCHEWAN DAY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). Mr, John E. Favel, teacher. Enrolment, fifteen. Average attendance for year, nine. Classified : nine in standard I; five in standard II; one in standard III. A slight improvement is noticed in this school, but it is still far from being per- fect. The parents are wanderers, consequently the attendance is irregular. The teacher is a Scotch haK-breed who has had no training as a feacher, he has energy, and natural ability, but lacks technical training. He is a very useful man on the re- serve, and outside of the school his instruction is valuable to the Indians, Log school-house in fair repair, LAKE ST. MARTIN DAY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). Mr. T. H. Dobbs, teacher. Enrolment, thirty. Average attendance for year, twenty-three. Classification : eighteen in standard I ; five in standard II ; five in standard III ; two in standard IV. This school is not so good as last year, I am afraid Mr. Dobbs has been resting on his record of the two previous years. The order was poor, and the class work not up to the mark. It will be noticed that the average attendance is very good, and there is no reason why the school should go back under the same teacher. The Indians of this band take considerable interest in education. The school-house is old, and will soon have to be replaced. CRANE RIVER DAY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). I did not inspect this school, as it was closed at the end of this month through lack of attendance. The band is very small, and there are not enough children of school age, who will attend, to warrant the department in continuing the school. WATER HEN" RIVER DAY SCHOOL (ROMAN CATHOLIc). Mr. Robinson, the teacher, was ill at the time of my visit, so I had not an oppor- tunity of inspecting this school. I regret to state that Mr. Robinson has since resigned. SHOAL RIVER DAY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). Rev. A, T, ]S[orquay, teacher. Enrolment for June quarter 1903, eight, average attendance for year, nearly ten; all in standard I. ' This school might as well be closed for all the good it is doing, it was poor last year, and worse this, the pupils simply know nothing, or if they do, I could not find it out. The school-building is in fair repair, some improvements have been made since my last visit. PAS AGENCY. All the schools in this agency are under the auspices of the Church of England. PAS DAY SCHOOL, Mr. R. A. McDougall, teacher. Enrolment for June quarter, 1903, eighteen ; average attendance for year, twelve. LAKE MANITOBA INSPECTORATE, MAN. 465 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Classification : fifteen in standard I ; one in standard 11 ; two in standard III. I am pleased to report that this school is still progressing. Mr. McDougall is a most enthusiastic teacher, it was a pleasure to inspect the school. The average attend- ance is small considering the number of children on the reserve, the parents and children go away for long periods on hunting trips. A number of white, and half- breed children were attending the school at the lime of my visit. The school-house is a large frame building in good repair. The equipment is very good. CHEMAWAWIN DAY SCHOOL. This school was closed at the time of my visit, the teacher had left a few weeks previous. It is to be opened on October 1, with Miss Mary McKay as teacher. The building is of logs, in fair repair. BIG EDDY DAY SCHOOL. ISTathan Settee, teacher. Enrolment, twenty-three ; average attendance for year, nine. These Indians are hunters, and are away about half of the time, hence the poor at- tendance. The pupils are a very bright lot, and showed considerable progress con- sidering the chance they have. Log building in good repair. SHOAL LAKE DAY SCHOOL. Louis Cochrane, teacher. Enrolment, eighteen; average attendance for year, twelve. Classification : fifteen in standard I ; one in standard II ; and two in standard III. I am pleased to report this a fairly good school. The teacher is a Scotch half- breed with little education, and poor English, notwithstanding this he has the faculty of imparting such knowledge as he has; some of his methods would suiTDrise a tech- nically trained teacher, but nevertheless he understands how to teach Indian children the rudiments of an education. Outside of the school he is a valuable instructor for the Indians. The building used for school purposes is a chapel, it is not in very good repair. RED EARTH DAY SCHOOL, Charles Quinney, teacher. Enrolment, seventeen; average attendance for year, eleven. Mr. Quinney has lately taken charge here, succeeding Mr. Thomas Bear, resigned. Considering the recent change of teachers, the pupils did very well. The chapel is used for school purposes, it is in need of some repairs to make it comfortable for winter. CUMBERLAND DAY SCHOOL. This school was without a teacher at the time of my visit, one was expected shortly. The school is held in an old chapel, very much out of repair, and ill suited for school purposes. MOOSE LAKE DAY SCHOOL. James Settee, teacher. Enrolment, twenty-eight; average attendance, fourteen. This is not much of a school, the teacher is an Indian, his best efforts are poor in the class-room. Outside of the school he is a useful man on the reserve. The chapel is used for school purposes, it is in fair repair. 456 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 GRAND RAPIDS DAY SCHOOL. This school was without a teacher at the time of my visit. I imderstand that Miss M. J. Simpson will re-open the school on October 1. The school building is in rather poor repair. The Indians promised to put it in good order. GENERAL REMARKS. It is rather discouraging work inspecting the day schools of my inspectorate, the best of them would be classed poor by one not accustomed to this work. In Manito- wapah and Pas agencies, the Indians are mostly hunters, leaving their reserves for months at a time, and taking their families with them. The children hear nothing but their mother tongue at home, and the few words learned in the school are soon for- gotten. Taken all in all, there is little to show for the expenditure. Most of the teachers are but poorly qualified for the work, but most of them perform useful work on the reserves in instructing the Indians in various ways. I have, &c., S. E. MARLATT, Inspector of Indian Agencies. Northwest Territories, Battleford Inspectorate, Prince Albert, September 28, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit my annual report on the inspection of schools. From May 1 to November 30, 1902, I was in charge of the Rupert's Land indus- trial school, situated at Middle Church, Manitoba. At the latter date, Mr. Joseph Thompson was installed as principal and by direction of the Indian Commissioner, I resumed the work of inspection. RED deer industrial SCHOOL. This institution is situated about four miles from the town of Red Deer, on the line of the Calgary and Edmonton railway. The inspection was made in January. The staff was at that time made up as follows : — Rev. C. E. Somerset, principal; J. Mitchell, assistant principal ; F. W. Kerr, teacher ; Geo. Owens, farmer ; W. W. Foster, carpenter ; Miss Alice Cummings, matron ; Miss Etta Fairgrieve, assistant matron ; Mrs. E. Mackin, cook, and Miss S. Patrick, seamstress. The number of pupils enrolled was sixty-three, namely, forty-three boys and twenty girls. These belong to the following bands : — Samson's 22 James Seenum's (Pakan's) 10 Louis Bull's 9 Paul's 9 Other Cree bands 5 Cree stragglers, non-trealy 5 Saulteaux " 2 Sioux " 1 i BATTLEFORI) IXSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 457 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The difficulty of maintaiuing the attendance is very great, as the Indians of the Hobbema and Saddle Lake agencies, who have day schools on all Iheir reserves, show a growing disinclination to sending their children far from home. The location of the school is unfortunate, as it has nothing to counterbalance the disadvantage of its remoteness from the Indians whose educational needs it is intended to serve. The attempt to civilize our Indians by breaking up the ties of home and alienating them from their naural associations has proved a general failure, and accounts for the fact that in many instances ex-pupils of the schools on returning to the I'eserves are found by the; agents to be untractable and unsettled, scorning in a measure their Indian connections, yet quite unable to think or live like white men. During the three and a half years preceding the inspection there had been seven different teachers employed, some of them well qualified for their work, but others very poorly adapted, at least for their particular duties here. The consequence was that the class work was somewhat disorganized, though the examination revealed in the case of some of the senior pupils the results of efficient teaching at an earlier stage. A serious drawback to school work, as well as an evidence of bad discipline, was the use of the Cree language, which was quite prevalent. There are two separate residence buildings, one for the boys and one for the girls. The latter was in excellent order in every respect ; but the boys' building, which ^vas not under the matron's supervision, was neglected. The leading industry for boys is farming, including gardening, the care of stock and dairying, all of which are taught tinder competent instruction. Farm and garden produced for the past season includes : oats, one thousand and twenty-one bushels ; barley, two hundred bushels ; speltz, sixty bushels ; potatoes, five hundred bushels ; turnips, five hundred bushels ; carrots, twenty bushels ; onions, five bushels ;' beets, thirty bushels ; parsnips, thirty bushels ; salsify, ten bushels ; cabbages, three hun- dred head. The live stock consists of three horses, sixty-two head of cattle, twenty-one pigs, and some poultry. All were well housed and carefully fed and cared for in every respect. Six boys were under training in carpentry, and these were replaced from time to time by others, in order that each boy might have an opportunity to attain a moderate skill in plain wood-work. The various books and records were kept by the principal, and with great accur- acy and completeness. They included complete files of letters, circulars, and invoices, a letter-book, a letter register, a stamp-book, a journal, a cash-book, an account ledger, and a store ledger. Monthly reports to the Commissioner and all returns required by the department were made with regularity. DUCK LAKE BOARDING SCHOOL. This school was inspected in March. The staff of officers was composed as follows : — Rev. M. J. P. Paquette, principal; A. J. McKenna, B.A., teacher boys' division ; Alfred Boyer, carpenter ; Herbert Marchand, farmer ; Jean Guillemot, assistant farmer ; Onesime L'Heureux, baker ; Paul Grezand, general assistant ; Mrs. Catherine Kent, matron ; Sister Elizabeth, teacher girls' division ; Sister Agnes, cook ; Sister Barghmans, laundress; Sister Frances, seamstress ; Sister Madeleine, seamstress. The enrolment for the March quarter numbered one hundred and six, namely, forty-nine boys and fifty-seven girls. These are drawn mainly from the three reserves nearest, namely : — 458 DEPARTMEyT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Beardy's 25 pupils One Arrows' 22 " Petaquakey's 23 " Of the remainder fifteen are non-treaty children from outside the limits of re- serves, while twenty-one are from nine different reserves more remote than the above. The boys and girls are taught separately and are classified as follows : — Boys. Girls. Total. Standard 1 15 35 50 II 12 7 19 III 7 9 16 IV 8 6 14 V 7 — 7 Total 49 57 106 The examination of the boys' division was most satisfactory. The pupils were found at every moment cheerfully and earnestly occupied with their work; and there was an activity of thought, to arouse which is one of the teacher's most difficult duties. Fair progress had been made in all the subjects, but in arithmetic the results are most marked. The pupils are taught the practical use of numbers from the be- ginning. In connection with the solution of problems the steps in the reasoning are always stated. All written work, whether on slates or on paper, is done with the greatest care and precision. In the girls' division the reading and spelling is fair, and the writing, whether on slate or paper, is particularly good. But in general the progress is but slow, one evidence of which is contained in the fact that more than half the pupils of this divi- sion are in standard I. The girls of standard III and IV are occupied with housework to such an extent that they have but two hours a day in school; so that good progress in all the subjects of the programme could not be expected. The school-rooms are large, well lighted and ventilated, and equipped with all necessary appliances. All the most useful industries are maintained. Live stock of every profitable kind is raised. For dairy purposes a small herd of Jerseys is kept. Gardening is a continued success. On the farm recently established in con- nection with the school twenty-three acres of oats and barley was grown, which gave a large yield, the oats averaging seventy-five bushels per acre.- The domestic industries are much the same as in other boarding and industrial schools. The discipline and training of the girls is carefully attended to. A number of those formerly in attendance at this school are now married and have comfortable houses on the reserves of the Duck Lake and Carlton agencies. The lighting is effected by the use of acetyline gas and is proving satisfactory. The light is reliable and of good quality. The management of the system costs but little time and trouble, and entails an average outlay of but $5.50 per month. EMMANUEL COLLEGE, PRINCE ALBERT. This institution was inspected on April 7 and 8. The staff comprises : Rev. James Taylor, principal ; Frank Laight, teacher ; Roderick Campbell, farmer and carpenter; Miss Cockerill, matron; Miss V. Hounsell, assistant matron; Miss C. Sutherland, cook. The attendance is contributed by the reserves in the vicinity of Prince Albert, as follows : — i BATTLEFOHD INSPECTORATE, N.W.T 459 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Ahtahkakoop's 15 John Smith's 10 Montreal Lake 5 Sturgeon Lake 5 James Smith's 4 Mistawasis' 2 Non-treaty 8 Total 49 The half-time system of class work and industrial training has been introduced, and where two teachers were foiTaerly employed there is now but one, while an instruc- tor in farming and carpentry has been added to the staff. The teacher in charge of the classes was employed only temporarily. Shortly afterwards a duly qualified teacher was permanently engaged. The classification of the pupils was as follows : — Boys. Girls. Total. Standard 1 7 7 14 " n 2 3 5 III 10 4 14 IV 5 2 7 V 3 2 5 « VI 4 — 4 Total 31 18 49 Two boys of standard IV wrote successfully at the recent public school leaving examination. The hours of recitation are from 9.30 to 12 a.m., and from 1.30 to 3 p.m., with an hour's private study each evening for the higher classes. For six weeks previous to the inspection, classes had been suspended on account of the prevalence of scarlet fever in the school. There were nine cases in all, none of which proved fatal, owing to careful nursing and faithful medical attendance. Several much needed repairs, including repainting, have been made in the main building, as well as some important additions to outbuildings. Preparations were also made during the winter for further improvements to the farm buildings and fences. The books of the institution are kept with great accuracy and the business affairs conducted with strict economy. thunderchild's boarding school. Inspected May 14. Staff. — Rev. H. Delmas, O.M.I., principal; Rev. Sister St. Amable, matron \ Rev. Sister St. Octavie, teacher and care of boys ; Rev. Sister St. Marie Ange, laun- dress and care of girls ; Rev. Sister St. Prisque, seamstress ; Rev. Sister St. Reine, cook. The authorized attendance is fifteen; the present actual attendance is seventeen pupils, who are classified as follows : — Boys. Girls. Total. Standard 1 2 — 2 " II 6 5 11 " III 2 2 4 Total 10 7 17 460 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 The pupils were examine'd in reading, spelling, writing, aritkmetic, and the uso of English. They show good progress in writing and language; read and spell fairly well; but have little skill in numbers and no knowledge of their practical use. They are attentive to their work in classes and at desks, and answer readily and audibly to oral questions as far as they are able. There are convenient playgrovmds for boys and girls separately, but no facilities for indoor recreations with the exception of two large summer-houses of lattice work, with floors and shingled roofs. The buildings are in good repair, but are unpainted. BATTLEFORD INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. This school was inspected in May. The names and duties. of the several officers were as follows : Rev. E. K. Matheson, principal; J. E. Allen, head teacher; Miss C. Ridgeway, primary teacher; Mrs. M. A. Ward, matron ; Miss E. Shepherd, assistant matron and music teacher ; Miss N. Hayes, seamstress; Miss E. Chisholm, cook; Miss E. Schofield, laundress; Mrs. J. H. Scott, baker;- J. H. Scott, farmer and gardener; Charles Boughey, cai-penter; John Pritch- ard, night-watchman. The position of assistant principal, which was vacant at the time of inspection, was shortly afterwards filled by the appointment of Mr. Underwood, who has many impor- tant qualifications for his duties here, among others a knowledge of military drill and physical exercises, and some years' successful experience in the care and discipline of boys. The returns show a further decrease in the attendance : — Enrolled Dec. 31, 1901 91 Admitted since 5 Total 96 Discharged , 8 Died 3 Deduct 11 Enrolled March 31, 1903 85 The constituency of the school is practically limited to the Protestant population of the Battlef ord agency, while on these reserves there are four Church of England day schools in operation. Though these in theory are feeders to the larger institution, yet in practice the case is quite different; for when boys or girls have attained the age or advancement to begin attendance profitably in an industrial school, Indian parents are very reluctant to part with them and to be deprived of their occasional help at home. The pupils actually present at examination were classified as follows : — Boys. Girls. Total. Standard 1 2 1 3 " II 4 11 15 « III 12 15 27 " IV 11 13 24 " V 6 3 9 « VI . 4 — 4 Total 39 43 82. i ^.4 TTLEFORl) INSPECTOR A TE, X. W. T. 461 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The examinations were less satisfactory than formerly, especially in oral work in the senior division. Much work had been covea'ed, but there was a wanti of thoroughness. Two of the ex-pupils of this school are now in attendance at St. John's College and are doing themselves much credit by their perseverance in their studies as well as their skill in athletics. The school-rooms are badly laid out, not having been originally intended for their present use, and they are but poorly furnished as regards desks and blackboards. The remainder of the furniture and the school material are sufficient. The boys' industries, farming, gardening, live stock, dairying and carpentry, have all been followed up with good success during the year. The area of the school farm is small, but it is carefully cultivated, and the garden is this season particularly good. A pure-bred Ayrshire bull has been purchased foi' the improvement of the herd for dairy purposes. The laundry was burned during the past winter and has not yet been replaced. It is probable that some of the buildings already in existence will be turned to account for this purpose. ONION LAKE ROMAN CATHOLIC BOARDING SCHOOL. This school was inspected on June 12 and 13. Kev. E. J. Cunningham, O.M.I., principal ; Rev. Sister St. Prudentienne, super- ioress ; Rev. Sister St. Patrick, head teacher ; Rev. Sister Mary of Nazareth, assist- ant teacher ; Rev. Sister Aimee de Marie, girls' seamstress ; Rev. Sister St. Gustavo, boys' seamstress ; Rev. Sister St. Laurent, supervises boys' industries, garden and stock ; Rev. Sister St. Alexis, supervises general housework ; Rev. Sister St. Praxede, supervises laundry and dairy; Rev. Sister St. Honorine, cook; Miss Aldina Amir- ault, assistant cook. There were in attendance at the above date forty-six treaty children and ten non- treaty. Of the former, eight are Chipewyans from Cold lake and the remainder are Crees from the reserves adjacent to the school. The treaty children are classified as follows : — Boys. Girls. Total. Standard 1 8 3 11 " II 5 9 14 " III 6 2 8 " 1\ 2 3 5 " V: 3 2 5 " VJ 2 1 3 Total 26 20 46 The non-treaty children are in standards I and II. All the subjects of the programme ara regularly taught, and the instruction is systematic. The simpler and more practical lessons of botany and agriculture are taught to the higher classes. The discipline of the school is excellent, and the behaviour of the pupils under all circumstances is most commendable. There is but one class-room, where two are required, the dining-room being util- ized for a second with much inconvenience. The school supplies are handled and protected with the utmost care, a new and convenient cupboard having been provided for storing them. 462 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 3-4 EDWARD Vil., A. 1904 BLUE quill's boarding SCHOOL. This school is situated on the western portion of the Saddle Lake reserve. It was inspected on June 29 and 30. The Rev. Leon Baiter is principal, and has for his assistants a staff of reverend Sisters, namely : Sister Leveille, superioress ; Sister Laverty, head teacher ; Sister Mayrand, assistant teacher ; Sister Lagoff, seamstress ; Sister St. Augustine, seam- stress ; Sister Colombe, laundress ; Sister Celina, cook ; Sister Eugene, cook ; Sister Breault, secretary and nurse. The Sister Superior was absent at the date of inspection. Sister Laverty acting in her stead. There were forty-three pupils enrolled at the end of June, of whom,' however, a number were absent on leave, there being thirty-one actually present at examination, including five whose admission had not at that time been authorized. The classification in school work was as follows : — Bovs. Girls. Total. Standaixi 1 6 6 12 « II 7 2 9 " III 6 6 12 " IV. 4 3 7 " V 3 — 3 Total 26 17 43 The pupils passed a fair examination in the various subjects. The committing to memory of choice English selections is a helpful and commendable feature of the work. The health of the pupils has during the past winter been a cause of some anxiety. There was an epidemic of whooping-cough, which in a few instances was followed by pneumonia. Several of the pupils absent were on sick leave. The girls in attendance being few, the boys are very properly required to assist in washing, baking, sweeping, scrubbing, dish-washing, and such-like. The buildings and premises were in excellent order. ONION LAKE CHURCH OF ENGLAND BOARDING SCHOOL. The Rev, J. R- Matheson is principal of this school and has a staff consisting of the following officers :— Miss A. R. Phillips, matron ; Miss F. A. Annett, teacher ; Miss A. Cunningham, seamstress ; Miss Hislop, cook ; James Brown, carpenter. The enrolment of treaty children is seventeen, of whom sixteen were present at the time of inspection. The majority of these belong to the Cree bands of the Onion Lake agency ; a few are from Saddle Lake, the parents preferring this school to one more remote. T-here are also non-treaty children in attendance to the number of sixteen, which number was considerably larger down to June 30, when several were taken home for holidays and had not returned to school. The following is the school classification : — Treaty Non-treaty Total Standard I "6 8 14 « II — 6 6 " III 2 2 4 IV 6 — 6 « Y 2 — 2 Total 16 16 32 i BA TfLEFORD INSPEGTORA TE, X. W. T. 463 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 During Ihe year 1902, the class-room was in charge of Miss Warren, a well quali- fied teacher, and there remain evidences of good work having been done during that time. From January 1 to June 30 of the present year the work was in the hands of an inexperienced teacher and was less efficient. Now again, however, a duly qualified teacher is in charge and the tone of the class work is improving. The pupils were allowed six weeks' holidays beginning from July 1. During this time they camped, under the care of two female officers, on the shore of Long lake, six miles from the school, which was undoubtedly one of the best ways the holidays could have been spent. In view of the non-treaty attendance, a second teacher has been engaged, who is expected to begin duties in October. A new three-story building, 30 x 40 feet, is in course of erection, the first story of which is already occupied as a class-room. When completed the building will be utilized as a boys' residence. JOHN smith's day SCHOOL. The school is situated on the reserve of the same name, sixteen miles from Prince Albert. It was inspected on February 12. Teacher, Miss E. Shipman. There were a few cases of scarlet fever on the reserve at the time, and the school attendance' was almost nil. The examination was very brief. Sewing and knitting are taught in addition to the regular subjects. Since January, a suitable noon meal has been provided for the children, consist- ing of soups made from beef and vegetables, together with the usual biscuits. The building has recently been plastered outside, which improves the comfort and appearance. Within it is properly furnished, neat and attractive. JAMES smith's day SCHOOL. Teacher, J. S. McDonald. The school was closed at the time of my visit to the reserve, February 14 to 16, on account of the prevalence of fever in the houses of the teacher and many of the Indians. Two weeks later it was reopened, measures for disinfection having been first carefully taken, RED pheasant's DAY SCHOOL. Inspected May 1. Mrs. M. Jefferson, teacher. Pupils present, fourteen; average attendance for twelve months, nine. Of the pupils present seven were in standard I, six in standard II, and one in standard III. Fair progress has been made in studies, Avhile the pupils present a good appearance and are well instructed as regards manners and conduct. The building is old, but comfortable, and the walls are neatly decorated. A garden is cultivated and vegetable soup is served to the children at noon. STONY DAY SCHOOL. Inspected May 1. Mr, Eobert Thomas, teacher. Pupils present, four, which is the total enrolment. ISTumber of school age on reserve, ten. This school had been closed several years ago on account of the removal of the Indians from the vicinity of the former building. It has now been rebuilt and is within a quarter of a mile of all the band. It had, at the above date, been in operation oiily thirty-six days. There was as yet absolutely no progress. The teacher is quite untrained for his work, and my time while in the school was devoted td discussing and illustrating methods, as those in use were illogical and likely to be fruitless. 464 DEPARTMENT OF JNDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 LITTLE pine's DAY SCHOOL. Inspected May 7. iliss Regina Arcand, teacher. Pupils enrolled, eleven; present, ten ; average for twelve months, seven. Pupils classified : standard I, twelve ; standard II, two ; standard III, one. The tone of class work is somewhat improved, with much to be desired. School material was sufficient, and in general the conditions for work favourable. poundmaker's day school. Inspected May 7. Miss Regina Arcand, teacher. Pupils enrolled, eleven; present, five ; average for twelve months, four. Classification : standard I, eight ; standard II, three. Progress is but slight, owing to the inexperience of the teacher and irregular attendance. The school-room was clean and orderly, and the material well preserved. thunderchild's day school. Inspected May 13. Mr. M. B. Edwards, teacher. Pupils enrolled, nine; present, four; average for twelve months, five. Classification standard I, six; standard II, three. Fresh life has been put into the work here by Mr. Edwards, who is held in high respect by the Indians. In spite of this, however, the school attendance is irregular, which to a great extent thwarts the teacher's efforts. The health of the Indians has had much to do with the irregularity of attendance. The school is properly equipped and the material sulficient. The grounds are fenced and a garden cultivated. goodfish lake day school. Inspected Jnjie 20. Mrs. Vincent Smith, teacher. Pupils enrolled, twenty-one; present, seventeen; average for eighteen months, nine. Classification: standard I, fif- teen; standard II, six. The pupils are mostly young, about half of them being mere beginners showing but slight advancement. There is much indifference among the parents, and the work of the school is at present only a partial success. whitefish lake day school. Inspected on June 22. Miss J. R. Batty, teacher. Pupils enrolled, thirteen; pre^ sent, nine; average for eighteen months, eight. Classification: standard I, five, stan- dard II, three; standard III, one. There is some improvement in the character of the work here. Fair progress haa been made in reading, spelling and writing, though numbers are poorly taught. Knit- ting and sewing are taught. The appearance and cleanliness of the children receive special attention. saddle lake day school. Inspected June 25 and 30. Mr. Chas. Leonard, teacher. Pupils enrolled, thirteen; present at inspection, three; average for eighteen months, four. Mr. Leonard is one of the few well qualified teachers in our day schools. The teaching is, accordingly, of a high order; but his services have been rendered almost valueless through the steady decrease in the attendance, for which he and the agent and the farmer are all more or less accountable. Meanwhile there has been a con- i CA L GA R Y INSPECTOR A TE, N. W. T. 465 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 siderable attendance of non-treatj'^ pupils, the children of government employees resident on the reserve. GENERAL REMARKS. In addition to the foregoing, there are within this inspectorate seven day schools in the Carlton agency and one on the Moose Woods reserve vphich were not visited by me during the year. I have, &c., W. J. CHISHOLM, Inspector of Indian Agencies. Northwest Territories, Calgary Inspectorate, Calgary, August 21, 1903. The Honourable The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of industrial, boarding and day schools, from October, 1902, to August 31, 1903. MOOSE WOODS DAY SCHOOL. This school, which is near Saskatoon, is conducted in connection with the Metho- dist Church. It was inspected on October 31, 1902. Mrs. W. R. Tucker, teacher. Number of pupils present, eleven ; four boys and seven girls ; number on the roll, twelve ; classified as follows : — Standard T 4 pupils II 1 « III 3 " IV 4 " The school material was sufficient, and the class-room was comfortable. This reserve is a small one, and the total population is somewhere in tlie neigh- bourhood of fifty, so that a large school is not expected, but all the children of school age on the reserve are enrolled, and the attendance is well kept up. This has always been considered one of the best day schools, and I found this reputation well main- tained after six years since I last visited it. Mr. Tucker often assists in the school, and both he and Mrs. Tucker are capital teachers. What was pleasing to notice was the keen interest the boys and girls took in their lessons. The pupils were well and warmly dressed and had comfortable foot-wear. The older girls had dresses in the latest fashion in make and style. I was; much pleased with my visit to this little school. BIRTLE boarding SCHOOL. The Birtle boarding school was inspected on December 9 and 10, 1902, and also on January 27 and 28, 1903. This school is under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church. 27— i— 30 466 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 The staff consists of : Mr. W. McWhinney, principal and teacher ; Miss Mc- Laren, matron; Miss McLeod, assistant matron, and Miss Finnie, assistant matron. The number of pupils present was forty-four ; sixteen boys and twenty-eight girls ; number on roll, forty-four ; classified as follows : — Standard 1 16 pupils II 7 " " III 12 " " IV 9 " The supply of books and other equipment was sufficient. The school was found in a prosperous condition in each department of the work. The dormitories, sewing-room, dining-room, kitchen, basement, bath-rooms, laun- dry,, pantries, &c., were all models of cleanliness and neatness, the whole reflecting much credit on the untiring efforts of the matron and her faithful assistants. The class work was better than I ever found it. Mr. McWhinney was doing excel- lently, and the pupils were making rapid progress, especially in arithmetic. The school would siistain a loss in the removal of Mr. McWhinney to Crowstand, Pelly agency. Considerable improvements were made since my last visit. The root-house was rebuilt, apparatus for lighting with gas installed, new flooring laid in various parts of the building, fire-escapes put up, a aiding in the basement, and the heating fixtures improved. Five acres were under crop in 1902, and vegetables enough for the use of the house secured. The live stock consists of two horses, one colt, four cows, one calf, one pig and twenty-seven poultry. The finances were also in a healthy condition; after all accounts were paid to December 31, 1902, there was a considerable balance to begin the new year with. Donations from the Woman's Missionary Society, Ontario, were $725 in cash, and clothing to the value of $900. This school is doing excellent work, and its influence can be seen ori the various reserves which the pupils come from. The Christmas-tree entertainment was a grand success, and the children enjoyed it immensely. Mr. Learmonth, of the Union Bank in Birtle, represented Father Christmas, and he performed his duties in a manner that called forth applause from every one, and particularly from the youngsters. Rev. Mr. Pritchard (Church of England), made a kindly address. OKANASE DAY SCHOOL. This school is in the Birtle agency, and was inspected January 7, 1903. It is in connection with the Presbyterian mission, Mr. R. C. McPherson being missionary and teacher. The number of pupils present at the time, was three. On the day before (6th) there were seven present. Stormy weather on the 7th prevented some coming. There are thirteen pupils on the roll, and six non-treaty pupils attend occasionally. The building is neat and comfortable and school material and equipment sufficient for the work to be done. Classification of pupils : — Standard 1 6 pupils " II 2 " III 5 " Mrs. McPherson has a class for sewing and knitting, and some good samples of the little girls' work could be seen. There seemed to be a want of interest or energy, or both, on the part of parents and teacher of this school, and I noticed no improvement whatever in the class work. One of the parents drives his children to the school on stormy days, and there is no reason why all should not do so. i CALGARY INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 467 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 From my experieneo, I have found that where a school is conducted along with a mission, that is, the two duties combined, the school part is least attended to. WHITE WHALE LAKE DAY SCHOOL. This is in the Edmonton agency and was inspected on March 9 and 10, 1903, or rather I was at the school on those days. On the 10th one boy was present. Number enrolled, nine. Mr. D. H. Lent is missionary and teacher. The school was practically closed for want of attendance. Mr. lient gave as the reason the long distances the pupils had to travel. At a meeting held in a farmhouse in the evening, I spoke to the parents about sending their children to school, and if they took any interest in their education, they could easily drive them to the school and send for them. If it was to a dance they could easily find time and conveyance. Mr. Lent is an experienced" and competent teacher. The school is under control of the Methodist Church. Joseph's day school. This school is in the Edmonton agency, and was inspected on March 11, 1903. Number of pupils present, two ; one boy and one girl; number on roll, fifteen. Miss DeCazes is the teacher. The school is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church. The pupils were off with the parents on the hunt. I spoke to the few parents remaining on the reserve, and they promised to arrange that when parents left for the hunt, they would leave the children in charge of neighbours, so that an average could be kept. I recommended that three months be allowed to give this plan a trial, and if it did not succeed, the school might be considered closed, without any further action. Miss DeCazes told me that some of her best pupils had gone to the St. Albert boarding school. The school building is a good one ; a few repairs are required, if the work is to be continued. The equipment is sufficient. ST. ALBERT BOARDIXG SCHOOL. The St. Albert boarding school was inspected on March 24, 1903. Number pre- sent, seventy-four ; thirty-seven boys and thirty-seven girls ; number enrolled, sev- enty-four ; classified as follows : — Standard 1 40 pupils II 18 " III 8 " IV 8 " The stock of school material was sufficient for present requirements. The staff of the class-rooms, besides Sister Superior Dandurand, who was absent, was as follows : — Sister Truteau, Sister Deegan, Sister Mary of the Angels, Sister Mongrain, and Sister Hoquet, teachers. There are five class-rooms, and besides the Indian .pupils there are as many more non-treaty pupils, whites and half-breeds, and all are mixed up with each other in the various classes. This is an advantage in one way for the Indian pupils, as they have the benefit of the whites in speaking English, and this was particularly noticed in the reading, spelling and in mental arithmetic ; and in all the exercises the Indian pupils held their own with the others. On the other hand, I would just as soon have the Indian pupils in classes by themselves. The classes are well conducted and considerable proficiency was observed. I examined the building from cellar to attic, and found all in perfect order. A number of improvements had been made since my last visit, some six years ago, and 27— i— 301 468 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i- 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 there is now ample accommodation for all. On my last visit the only objection I offered was the crowded state of the dormitories; it was, therefore, a satisfaction to find that this defect had been remedied. The various flats are supplied with hot and cold water, baths, wash-rooms, &c. Water is pumped to the top flat, where there are tanks, by a hot-air engine. There are electric bells throughout the building and telephone comnlunication with Edmonton. There is one large refectory for boys, with table room for one hundred and fifty,. and there are two dining-rooms for the girls. There are four dormitories for the girls, containing fifty-seven beds, and also four for the boys, containing eighty-two beds, recreation-rooms, library, and a neatly arranged dispensary for medicines, a sick-room — fortunately this room was not occupied, the pupils being all in good health — Sisters' dormitory with nine beds, closets for clothing, store-rooms and dairy separator. The building is heated by two furnaces besides several stoves. There is an engine-room and pump, and many other conveniences for the work- ing of the institution. There is a large farm attached to the school, and besides what was used during the season of 1902, the following was harvested : — five thousand bushels of grain and nine hundred bushels of potatoes. The live stock consisted of eighteen horses, one hundred and twenty-five head of cattle and two hundred poultry. There are five hired men, and the rest of the work on the farm is done by the older boys; the younger boys work in the garden. The girls do all kinds of housework, besides sewing, knitting, darning, weaving rag carpets and making mats out of remnants. IN'othing is allowed to go to waste. Owing to the absence of the Sister Superior, I could not get a statement of financial position of the school, the books being locked up. This institution is well worth a visit from any one interested in the work of education, and Sister Superior Dandurand and the other Sisters are to be congratu- lated on the general management of the whole place. There are some bright boys and girls in this school, who are sure to give a good account of themselves wherever their lot may be cast — when they graduate. Samson's day school. The Samson's day school, in the Hobbema agency, was inspected May 5, 1903. Number of pupils present, seven; three boys and four girls; number on roll, twelve; all in standard I. Miss German is the teacher in charge. The school-house was in good order, having had a new floor lately put in, ceiling sheeted with dressed lumber, wainscotted and whitewashed, and is altogether a com- fortable school-house. The desks are home-made, and not in keeping with the building. The teacher is energetic, but the Indians take little or no interest in the school, and the attendance is irregular. The pupils were backward, and it would be some time before they would be out of standard T. I told the chief that unless the attendance got better, the probability was that the school would be closed. He wants a boarding school under control of ihe Methodist Church. ermineskin's boarding school. The Ermineskin's boarding school, in the Hobbema agency, is under the auspices of the Eoman Catholic Church and was inspected on May 6, 1903. Number of pupils present, forty-five ; twenty-three boys and twenty-two girls ; number on roll, fifty-one. The staff is as follows: — Rev. Father Dauphin, principal; Sis'ei- Superior St. Jean de la Croix, matron; Sister St. Cceur de Marie, teacher; Sister St. Elzear, assistant i CALGARY INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 469 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 teacher: Sistt-r St. Flavie, girls' seamstress; Sister St. Ferdinand, boys' seamstress; Sister Ellen, laundress, and Sister Sylvainet and Clemence, cooks. The class-room was in perfect order and school material was ample. The class work was far beyond what I expected, and in reading, the pupils read out distin.ctly and clearly, and understood what they were reading about; in history, geo- graphy, arithmetic and general subjects, I was more than pleased with their proficiency. Sister St. Ca>ur do Marie is a capital teacher and was doing splendid work with these boys and girls, some of them very clever. Some dialogues and recitations were given in a way that did them credit. The pupils were all neatly dressed. In addition to the ordinary housework, the girls do a lot of sewing and knitting, and I was pleased to examine some of their work in boys' shirts, socks and stockings, mitts, &c. The whole house was in perfect order, everything as bright and clean as a new pin. A new portable bake oven had been added during the year, and it was giving good satisfaction, very good bread being made. The usual housework is done by the older girls and the boys attend to the cattle, horses and wood, and to the garden in summer. The crop in 1902 was one hundred and fifty bushels of potatoes, four bushels of carrots and tvv-o of onions, besides what was used during the season; efforts were made to have four or five hundred bushels of potatoes in 1903. The live stock consists of four horses, four cows, three steers, seven heifers, two calves, two old pigs and eight young ones, and twenty-six poultry. I was much pleased with my visit to this school, and to find everything in such splendid condition, and the satisfactory training the boys and girls were receiving, LOUIS bull's day school. This school, in Hobbema agency, under the auspices of the Methodist Church, was inspected on May 7, 1903. Number of pupils present, seven; three boys and four girls; number on roll, eleven; classified as under: — Standard 1 8 pupils IT 1 " in 1 " IV 1 " Angus A. Goodhand missionary and teacher. The building was comfortable. The old cotton ceiling had been replaced with matched lumber and the school material was ample. Thv.'. attendance here is irregular, and the work therefore is defective, but Mr. Goodhand is painstaking and is doing his best under the circumstances. The band is a small one and all the pupils in it are enrolled, and when any are absent it has a bad effect on the school. The families live close to the school, and there is nothing to hinder a regular attendance; sheer indifference is the cause. I spoke to the chief about the matter and he said he would do his best to get the children to attend regu- larly and that he always sent his own. I told the chief that if the school was closed, the parents woiild have themselves to blame. Services are held in the school-house every Sunday. SARCEE BOARDING SCHOOL. The Sarcee boarding school in the Sarcee agency, is a Church of England school and was inspected on May 20, 1903. Number of pupils present, thirteen ; six boys and seven girls ; number on roll, fourteen ; one was absent on sick leave. Classification of pupils : — Standard I 1 pupils II 4 " III 4 " IV 4 " " V : 1 « 470 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 The staff consists of the Ven. Archdeacon Tims, principal; Mr, Percy Stocken, teacher ; Mrs. Stocken, matron, and Miss Crawford, assistant matron. The class-room, 20 x 18 feet, contains four windows and has good ventilation. The room had been newly painted and it was bright and comfortable. School material was sufficient. The class work was found to be above the average. The pupils went through the various exercises very well indeed. The girls were the most advanced ; one girl, Sarah Big Crow, deserves special mention, her ability in solving problems was very marked. The reading was particularly good. Altogether I consider the class work as satisfactory. The boys were chiefly under twelve years of age, and were not so well up in their lessons as the girls, the reason given was that they were not so regular in the class-room as the girls, having to attend to outside work. The duties coming more under the management of the matron were particularly well done. The dormitories were found clean and tidy. Iron beds are used through- out, each pupil's bed had a mattress, sheets, blankets, quilt, pillow. The dormitories had been newly plastered, which added much to their appearance. The dining-room and kitchen were to be plastered in a few days. The sewing-room is a feature in this school; the work of the girls was examined and was found very creditable to them. The girls make their own dresses and pinafores. They also make patch quilts, socks, stockings, mitts and other articles. The girls also assist in the general work of the house, cooking, baking bread, and beautiful bread they make. The dinner, the day I was there, consisted of boiled beef, potatoes, bread, and fruit pudding. Tea is given for breakfast and supper, but water for dinner. Mrs. Stocken is untiring in her efforts to improve and advance the pupils in every way, and success is not wanting, as the girls already show great aptitude in general housework, and are sure to be good housekeepers, and a help to the reserve, when they leave school. There is no farm, but there is one acre used as a garden, in which vegetables are raised for the house ; potatoes were partially a failure last year and these had to be purchased. There is a small field of two acres of brome grass, also a small pasture field. The live stock consists of one horse, three cows, one calf, three* yearling heifers, eleven poultry. Milk is supplied the house neai-ly the j-ear round. The financial statement to May 20, 1903, showed a deficit of $285.62. It is impos- sible to avoid a deficit with so small a number of pupils. The buildings are heated with stoves, coal and wood being used. The mission buildings, including the little church and school buildings, had all been recently paint- ed, giving the whole place a pleasing appearance. Mr. MclS'eill, the agent, and Mrs. McNeil take a lively interest in the school, and all goes on in the greatest harmony. McDouGALL Orphanage. The McDougall Orphanage, in the Morley agency, which is under the auspices of the Methodist Church, was inspected on June 4, 1903, Number of pupils present, thirty- five; twenty boys and fifteen girls; number on roll, forty-one; six being absent on sick leave by orders of the doctor. Classification of pupils : — Standard 1 8 pupils " II 14 " " III 11 " " IV 7 " Ungraded 1 " Staff: — John W. Niddric, principal; Miss M. Hartup, matron; Miss A. A. Walsh,, teacher; Miss H. Shaw, cook; Miss Hudson, seamstress and Miss Fairbairn, assistant matron. i CALGAin' INSPECTORATE, :^.W.T. 471 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The whole institution was found in excellent condition, better than I ever found it in my inspections up to 1895. The addition to the main building since I was here last gives much more space in " the dining-room and dormitories. The dining-room is a large, airy and bright apart- ment, and with floor painted and tables covered with white oil-cloth, the whole had a family appearance about it. The new wing is 40 x 26 feet. The dormitories are supplied with iron beds, each bed had a mattress, two sheets, blanket, quilt and pillow. The sewing-room, presided over by Miss Hudson, was in full operation and the little girls knitting and sewing," and some excellent samples of their work were seen. Boys' suits are made in the house, besides the girls' clothing. The kitchen an important part in an institution of this kind, is admirably con- ducted by Miss Shaw. The meals are well cooked and served. Breakfast consists of porridge and milk, tea, bread and syrup. Dinner, beef, and potatoes or beans, tea, bread and rice or other pudding. Supper, tea, bread and butter, apples or prunes. There was a good supply of milk the year round. ^N'ine hundred pounds of butter were' made last year, enough for use without purchasing. There is one table for boys and one for girls, and the pupils behave nicely. The table for the staff is in the centre, and all take meals at the ^ame time. There is a blacksmith-shop, it was formerly carried on in connection with the school, but is now conducted by a graduate of Eed Deer school named Apew, and he informed me he was making a good living, working for settlers, in repairing machinery, and he also does what work there is to be done in this line for the school. Apew married an ex-member of the Orphanage staff, and he lives in a comfortable liouse near his shop. I noticed he attended church the Sundays I was there, and he sings in the choir. This young man comes from Whitefish Lake, where his father is one of the headmen of that reserve. He went as a boy to Red Deer school, and learned his trade as a blacksmith in the town of Red Deer. He has the reputation of being a first-class mechanic. The crop last year was thirty acres of oats and five acres of wheat, both cut green for feed. The garden supplied what vegetables were required, but not potatoes enough, and these had to be purchased. The crop put in this year (1903), is thirty-seven acres of oats, five of wheat and one and one-half acres of roots and garden, a total of forty- three and one-half acres. Forty-four loads of upland hay were secured last year, which, with the green feed, sufficed for the stock during winter. The stock consists of: six horses, fourteen milking cows, twenty-four cows and heifers, twenty-six young steers, seven young calves, a total of seventy-seven, also thirty poultry. The religious exercises consist of daily morning and evening prayer, reading Scriptures and singing; Wednesday evening prayer-meeting ; Sunday, 11 a. m. Sun- day school ; 4 p.m., services in the mission church, about five miles from the Orphan- age, and 7.30 p.m. song service in the school. The day school is always opened with prayer, and half an hour is given every day fon Bible-reading and explanations. I noticed at these readings pupils gave intelligent answers. There is a large buss to convey the girls and smaller boys to the church, and the older boys have each a pony and saddle, and they go on horseback. Both boys and girls have Sunday uniforms and they looked smart and tidy in them. The class-room is ably presided over by Miss Walsh, who is an experienced and accomplished teacher, and is doing splendid work with these boys and girls. The older pupils are well up in the various subjects, and a number of problems I gave them were done in an intelligent manner, and the juniors were getting along very well. Miss Walsh having the faculty of making each lesson interesting to the youngest pupil. The only thing I took exception to was the low tone of voice in reading and speaking, in fact, whispering is the correct word to use; talking to them seemed to be of no use, as Miss Walsh has done' all that over and over. I offered a number of 472 DEPARTMEl^'T OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 prizes to be given on my next visit to those who had made most progress during the year in speaking out most distinctly. We shall see what effect this will have. Mr. Niddrie is a capital manager and he is well supported by a loyal staff, each member of which is well fitted for the particular department she fills, and I predict a successful year's work for 1903-4. The financial statement showed receipts equal to expenditure up to the time I was there, and the new fiscal year would begin with a clean sheet. The school is a separate building, and well suited for the purpose, being bright and cheerful, and well equipped, except in desks, and they are not at all in keeping with the surroundings and are unsuitable for writing on. There are good stables, and commodious sheds and corrals for the cattle. The main building has a pretty appearance, being surrounded with young trees and shrubbery. The water-supply was expected to be in a satisfactory condition very shortly, which would be a boon to the school. MORLEY, NO. 1, (bEARSPAW) DAY SCHOOL. This school in the Morley agency, under the auspices of the Methodist Church, was inspected on June 5, 1903. Number of pupils present, fourteen ; seven boys and seven girls ; number on roll, forty-seven ; classified as follows : — Standard 1 43 pupils " II 4 " The building is a good one, the class-room being roomy, the desks are home-made, more blackboard space would be a benefit ; school material sufiicient. The attendance is irregular. The school had been closed for some years and only opened a few months since. Andrew Sibbald is the teacher. The pupils were backward and they came to the school when thej^ liked, and they would run in after the school was opened like so many young colts. Mr. Sibbald was only filling a gap, till another teacher was appoint- ed, and unless a suitable man or woman is secured, the school might as well be closed. There are children enough on the reserve to make a flourishing school, but a suitable teacher will be necessary to make the school a success, and a qualified teacher can- not be expected for the salary of $300 a year. ST. Joseph's industrial school. St. Joseph's industrial school, Dunbow, under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, was inspacted on June 19, 20 and 25, 1903. Number present in senior boys' room, twenty-nine; junior room, twenty-seven; girls' room, twenty-three; total, se- venty-nine ; classified as follows :— Girls. Jr. B:,ys. Sr. Boys. Total. Standard 1 3 16 6 25 " II 4 11 4 19 III 9 . . 9 18 IV 7 . . 5 12 " V . . 5 5 Total 23 27 29 79 The various rooms were well supplied with books and other material, and also fully equipped with desks and blackboards. Chas. Gilchrist is teacher in senior boys' room; F. H. Dennehy, teacher in junior boys' room, and Sister Doherty, teacher in the girls' room, all experienced teachei's and doing satisfactory work. The class-rooms are large, airy, and well suited and i CALGARY INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 473 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 arranged for the purpose. I cannot speak too highly of the excellent work done, and of the progress of the pupils in this institution. The staff proper is as follows : — Rev. Father ISTaessens, principal ; IL F. Dennehy, assistant principal, storekeeper and clerk; Chas. Gilchrist, teacher senior boys; F. H. • Dennehy, teacher junior boys; Thos. Morkin, farmer; John Morkin, engineer; Sister Dubord, matron; Sister Leblanc, cook; Sister Mathurin, boys' dormitory; Sister St. Gregoire, seamstress; Sister Doherty, teacher; A. C. Smith, baker and butcher; Bro- ther Hayer, carpenter, and two Sisters, general; assistants. Both departments — boys' and girls' — were in the best of order and the dormitories and other rooms all neatly arranged and scrupulously clean. The meals are served punctually at the minute, and the order and precision with which every detail is carried out is remarkable, and is most creditable to the man- agement. The farm work has been a success; the crop harvested in 1902, was two hundred and forty-five bushels of barley, one thousand one hundred and forty-two of oats, fiity- five of wheat, four thousand of turnips, chiefly fed to cattle, six hundred bushels of potatoes, two hundred and fifty of mangolds, sixty tons of rye hay, stacked, and two hundred and thirty tons of native hay, besides sixty tons of straw and brome hay. The vegetable garden produced cabbages, beets, carrots, onions, parsnips, celery — enough stored for winter use, besides what were consumed during the season — a large quantity of carrots was fed to pigs. The crop put in in 1903 was: seventy-eight acres of oats, eight acres of wheat, twelve acres of barley, three acres of flax, thirteen acres of turnips, six acres of pota- toes, one-half acre in garden, and three acres of mangolds. The fields appeared to be well prepared and were neat and clean, and the fencing was good. The vegetable gar- den was looking very well. The boys, large and small, seemed to enjoy farm and gar- den work, and it was fine training for them. There are prettily laid out flower plots in front of the main buildings, and these, with a good supply of shrubbery and fir and maple-trees, give a cheerful and bright appearance to the whole place. The smaller boys, not to be outdone by the older ones, have little plots of their own, and it was amusing to notice the care they took of them, watering and weeding when required. These plots are inclosed in a place by themselves, and each plot is surrounded with small stones in imitation of the flower garden. The cattle were in fine condition. There are two thoroughbred bulls and a few choice pedigreed cows, and a good Clydesdale stallion. The live stock consisted of : one hundred and thirty-one cattle, thirty-one horses, twenty-four pigs, and one hundred and forty poultry. The live stock has been a paying industry, and will be continued with more and more care. The proceeds of sales during the year were over $3,000, besides a supply of beef and pork. The system of stall winter feeding and selling fat steers in spring, instead of the fall, has given the best results, and the system will be continued, and for this purpose a new log cattle-stable was being built. Oats, turnips, mangolds, &c., can thus be turned to good account, and the two branches of farming made to pay to the best advantage, and both afford the best of training for the boys,, which after all is one of the main objects of the school, to make useful men of the boys The health of the pupils was excellent and had been so all winter, when sickness was prevalent all around the district. This satisfactory state of affairs is, no doubt, due to the constant care taken of the pupils in thorough cleanliness, roomy and well ventilated apartments, plenty of exercise in work and play, and regular and well cooked meals of wholesome food. The discipline and order of the work are such that all goes on like clock work, no confusion, each one employed, and pupils alike, knowing what to do, and when to do it at the proper time. The pupils are well dressed and are ever polite and obedient. 474 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Kewards are given by the principal at the quarterly examinations, and the names of the fortunate winners are huiig up in the class-rooms; punishments are seldom required, no unduly harsh treatment is ever resorted to. • His Lordship Bishop Legal paid a visit to the school during my inspection, and expressed himself as much pleased with what he saw and he examined all departments pretty closely. His Lordship held a confirmation service for the pupils, many of whom were confirmed. An entertainment was given by the pupils in honour of the bishop, in the large school-room, which was neatly and prettily decorated with flags, pictures, mottoes, (fee, for the occasion. The school band played very nicely, and boys and girls sang and recited in good style, some of them showing considerable ability. His Lordship gave a most practical address, which was much enjoyed by pupils and staff. The evening .passed off most pleasantly and numerous were the thanks given to the pupils for their enjoyable entertainment. The outbuildings were all examined and found in good order and well arranged for their different purposes. I have not space to give details here. I mention, how- ever, a hospital, but no inmates. There are fire-escapes for each building. The office work is ably done by Mr. H. F. Dennehy. I examined the books from April, 1901, to June 30, 1903, and found them correctly kept. There was a deficit of $745.81 on the working account for the year, but the school is by no means in a bad shape financially, as the live stock alone is worth over $6,000. The principal is a fine manager and is much respected by every one. The staff, one and all, are loyal and faithful, and no detail inside or outside is overlooked or neglected. I was much pleased with my inspection. BLOOD C. E. BOARDIXG SCHOOL. The Blood (St. Paul's) boarding- school in the Blood agency, under the auspices of the Church of England, was inspected on July 3, 1903, ISTumber of pupils present, forty-seven; twenty-six boys and twenty-one girls; number on roll, fortj'-seven. Classified as follows : — Standard 1 10 pupils II 6 " " III 14 " 1\ 11 " " Y 6 '^ The school material is ample, and the equipment seemed sufficient in desks and blackboards. The staff is as follows : — Rev. A. Owens, principal; Miss Sandfield, matron boys* house; Miss Denmark, matron girls' house; Miss Wells, teacher; Mrs. Johnston, cook and J. Yeomans, farmer and gardener. The class work is well done, Miss Wells is an experienced teacher, and her style of teaching is thorough. The Honourable Mr. Laird, Indian Commissioner, was present on the day of in- spection, and he put the different classes through a pretty severe examination, and the pupils did very well indeed, showing that they had been faithfully taught. The Com- missioner expressed himself as highly satisfied. The dormitories in both houses, boys' and girls', were found in good order. The cooking is done for boys in the girls' department, and Miss Denmark had dining-room and doTTnitories very tastily arranged. A little taste and trouble in this way make a wonderful chance in a dormitory. The beds are iron, and ave supplied with paliasse, sheets, blankets, quilt and pillow, and all appeared to be perfectly clean. The boys' dining-room is in their own building. The bread is made by boys and girls turn about. i CALGARY INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 475 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The new buildings since last inspection are the principal's house, an addition to the cow-stable and a new pig-pen. There is a hospital building, unoccupied. The crop last year was a failure, owing to the flood washing away not only the crop, but the greater part of the garden as well. The crop put in this year is oats, fourteen acres; wheat, one acre; potatoes, two and one-half acres; garden, one acre; all looking fairlj' well for the time of year. Sufficient hay was cut last year on the prairie for feed, and enough was sold to pay for a new mower and rake. The live stock consists of four horses, seven cows, two steers, three calves, four pigs and two hundred and fifty poultry. The whole place was in good order and the boys and girls were getting good training, both in the class-room and in work, and if anything, probably the older boys and girls get more work than class-room instruction. I cautioned the principal in this regard. The cooking is well done and meals served properly. The staff appears to be a good one, and as far as I could judge efficient work is done. There was a brightness and liveliness about the surroundings that was pleasing. BLOOD R. C. BOARDING SCHOOL. The Blood (Immaculate Conception) boarding school. Blood agency, Koman Cath- olic, was inspected Julj^ 9, 1903. Number of pupils present, twenty-eight: eighteen boys and ten girls; number on roll, twenty-eight; classified as follows : — Standard I. . . . 23 pupils II 5 " School material sufficient and the class-room is properly equipped. Staff: — Rev. Father Le Vern, principal; Sister Giiard, matron; Sister St. Patrick, teacher, and three other Sisters as general assistants. This is a new building since I was here last, and it is well appointed and finished. The various rooms and dormitories were in capital order. The beds, which are iron ones, were furnished each with a mattress, sheets, blankets, quilt aiid pillow. There is a large tank in the top of the building, water being pumped by a windmill from, the river. There is a good-sized kitchen, and an excellent range. The dining-room had three large tables. There is a neat little chapel on the second floor. There is a small garden, and be- sides, the school has an interest in the mission garden close by, which is a good one. The work in the class-room was fairly satisfactory, the pupils are chiefly in standard one, the older ones feeing drafted to Dunbow industrial school. The pupils read very well and are fair in arithmetic, and I consider they were receiving good care and attention. Thej' were all neatly dressed. The surroundings were in keeping with the school, being in perfect order. I was pleased with my visit. ■ bull's horn day school. This school is in the Blood agency, under the auspices of the Church of England, and was inspected on July 17, 1903. Kumber of pupils present, six ; four boys and two girls ; number on roll, thirty ; all in standard I. C. TI. Collinson is missionary and teacher. The school material was sufficient. The class-room had been newly sheeted with dressed lumber — both walls and ceiling — and it is a fine large room ; the dwelling adjoins. There is a stable, shed, and a small garden and a pasture-field. The school was in vacation, but the teacher rang- the bell, and in an hour or so six pupils turned up. Mr. Collinson had only been three months in the place, and I do not wish to be severe, but the children knew no- thing, and when I visit again, if no better progress can be seen, my report will be unfavourable. 476 DEPARTME7\^T OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 PEIGAN R. C. BOARDING SCHOOL, The Peigaii (Sacred Heart) boarding- school, Peigan agency, Eoman Catholic was inspected on August 17, 1903. Number of pupils present, nineteen; nine boys and ten girls ; number on roll, nineteen ; classified as follows — Standard 1 5 pupils " II 8 " III 6 " The school material was suiScient. Staff. — Rev. Father Doucet, principal ; Sister St. Louis, matron ; Sister St, George, teacher ; Sister Gelinas, cook ; Sister St. Celestin, and Sister St, Michel, general assistants. I have pleasure in stating that I found the school in good working order and every- thing in splendid condition. The main building is 84 x 26 feet, and is divided as follows: — reception-room, class-room, boys' play-room, boys' dormitory with twelve beds and lockers for clothing, Sisters' library, containing an organ, Sisters' dormitory with spare room, girls' dor- mitory with nine beds and one for Sister, girls' play-room, sewing-room, kitchen, and a large range, pantries. Outside : — new laundry, with large boiler, wash-tubs, and drying-room upstairs ; coal-shed ; stable ; well and pump. The live stock consists of three cows and twenty-two poultry, the private property of the Sisters, The Sisters have a good garden, and it is attended to by themselves. Potatoes, turnips, carrots, onions, beets, pease, lettuce, (fee, were all looking well, and enough of vegetables are raised for the use of the house. The mission has also a very fine garden alongside, which is attended to by Brother John, and is worth seeing ; it is an object lesson to Indians visiting the mission. The school building is surrounded by a neat picket fence and the Sisters were busy painting it themselves. One of the Sisters does all the mending of the pupils' foot-wear. Economy is practised to its utmost limit in order to keep within the grant, and it is hard to do this with a limit of twenty pupils; as it is, the financial statement to June 30, 1903, shows a deficit of $425.72. Although economy is practised, nothing is stinted, the pupils are well fed, neatly dressed ; the bedding is ample, and I need scarcely say all was in the pink of clean- liness. The class work was fair, pupils as a rule backward,, but the teacher was pains- taking, and no doubt on another visit a better showing in this part of the work will be seen. Some of the pupils read and spell well. Taking the school as a whole, 1 was much pleased with my visit. There is a small chapel on the second floor. The mission church is between the school and the priest's dwelling. The various buildings, being on an elevated position, have a fine appearance, and add much to the view on approaching the agency, the buildings of which are nearly all in the valley below, except the agent's house, storehouse and office, which are on the bench. Pi;iGAN C. E. BOARDING SCHOOL. The Peigan (Victoria Home) boarding school, Peigan agency, Church of England, was inspected on August 18, 1903. Number of pupils present, twenty-four; eleven boys and thirteen girls; number on roll, twenty-six ; two absent on sick leave. The pupils were classified as follows: — Standard 1 18 pupils " II 6 " " III 2 " i CALOABF INSPECTORATE, N.W.T. 477 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 School material sufficient ; class-room not suitable, being used also as a boys* play-room. Staff. — W. R. Haynes, principal; Mrs. Haynes, matron ; Miss McWilliams, teacher ; Miss Edwards, assistant matron and cook. The class work was very fair, and Miss McWilliams, although only a short time in the school, was doing very well. The building is about two miles off the reserve, on the Pincher creek trail, which seems an. unsuitable position in every way. This boarding school used to be in a central spot near the agency headquarters, and why it was moved to the out-of-the- way place it is in now, I have not been able to find out. The main building is divided into boys' play-room, also used as a class-room ; staff dining-room ; pupils' dining-room, a nice cheerful room ; office ; kitchen, store-rooms ; pantries. Upstairs has staff bed-rooms ; boys' dormitory, with thirteen iron beds, each bed has a mattress filled with batting, two sheets made from flannel- lette, feather pillow, blankets and quilt. The floor of the dormitory is covered with rag carpet ; closets for boys' Sunday clothes, all neatly folded away. The younger boys' suits are made by Mrs. Haynes. The girls' dormitory had sixteen iron beds, furnished same as boys ; floor also carpeted the same. Both dormitories are bright, cheerful and comfortable apartments. There is a bath-room and wash-room for boys and one for girls. There are two good furnaces, in wdiich wood is used. The Indians bring this for fifty cents a load, it being wood that drifted down the river during the flood of 1902, and piles of it can be seen all along the river bank, which runs through the reserve. Unless another flood comes and carries these piles away, there is enough to last for a long time. There is a stable, workshop and a laundry. The feature of this school is the excellent work done by the little girls in sewing, knitting, mending and darning, samples of which I examined. There is a neat little church, nicely finished inside, but not painted outside. Mr. Haynes is missionary, and the average attendance is sixty-five. One Indian gavo a lamp, another gave a chair, others an organ, and a Calgary graduate made> a neat railing in front of the altar. There is a good garden, and all vegetables required for the use of the house are raised. The flood last year played havoc with the place and completely washed away the garden and a number of trees. Two thousand five hundred young trees are now growing and will soon be fit for transplanting. The live stock consists of two horses, two cows, one heifer, one bull calf and twenty-five poultry. The children's dinner the day I was there consisted of boiled beef and carrots, turnips and potatoes, with a good rich sort of stew, very good bread, made by the pupils ; pudding, water in the middle of the day, and tea at other meals. I cannot see why tea is not given at each meal. The children look as if they were well fed. The financial part of the work I could not get, as the books are kept by Archdeacon Tims, of the Sarcee agency, but I understood from Mr. Haynes that he had reduced the debt since he took charge. The house has a cozy, family air about it, and the pupils are well looked after by Mr. and Mrs. Haynes, both devoted to the work. I was highly pleased with my visit. GENERAL REMARKS. This completes my inspection to August 31, 1903. With a fe^y exceptions the schools are doing faithful work. I have, &c., ALEX. McGIBBON, Inspector. 27A 27B o , ^ W 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1904 PART II TABULAR STATEMENTS 27— ii— 1 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1904 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Showing Receipts and Expenditure of the various Boarding and Industrial Schools, for the year ended June 30, 1903. FORT WILLIAM ORPHANAGE, OXT. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Govarniaent grant Contributions from other sources. Clothing, valued at Total receipts. Expenditure. Deficit, June 30, 1902 Salaries, caretaker Food Clothing Fuel and light Buildings and repairs .... Equipment and furniture. ^Iiscellaneous Total e.xpenditui'e. Excess of exix;nditure over receipts. . . . S cts. 221 81 100 00 1,698 00 218 00 122 00 3,500 00 128 00 275 00 6,262 81 6,262 81 S cts, 500 00 2,056 00 80 00 2,636 on 3,626 81 6,262 81 CECILIA JEFFREY BOARDING SCHOOL, MAN. (Presbyterian.) Receipts. Government grant, (per capita) Woman's Foreign Missionary Society : — Cash $5,965 80 Clothing, valued at 600 00 Salaries 1,190 00 Total receipts. EXPEN'DITUBE. Salaries Food and miscellaneous.. Clothing Fuel. . . Light Buildings and equipment (paid by the W. F. M. S. of the Presbyterian Church) Total expenditure Balance on hand, June 30, 1903 S cts. 1,190 00 1,110 82 600 00 80 00 28 00 5,500 00 8,508 82 65 38 8,574 20 27— ii— U S cts. 81S 40 7,755 80 8,574 20 8,574 20 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903. — Con. NORWAY HOUSE BOARDING SCHOOL, MAN. (Methodist.) Receipts. Govemment grant (per capita) Grant from Methodist Missionary Society. Value of clothing donated Total receipts. EXPEXDITCRE. Deficit, June 30, 1902 .Salaries Groceries Dry-goods, boots and moccasins. Drugs Hardware, lumber and sundries. Coal oil Travelling expenses Freight Postage, telegrams, books Paid for work Total expenditure. Excess of expenditure ovei' receipts •S cts. 100 00 1,580 00 1,()51 81 698 2(; 13 62 334 00 59 13 140 10 593 38 25 05 100 00 . 5,295 35 5,295 35 •S cts. 3,5.56 40 1,560 00 100 00 5,216 40 78 95 5,295 35 PINE CREEK BOARDING SCHOOL, MAN. (Roman Catholic.) RECEIPT.S. Government grant (per capita). Expenditure. .Salaries (teacher) Food Clothing Fuel and light ... . . . . Buildings and repairs. Miscellaneous . . Total exi)enditure. Excess of expenditure os'er receipts . . . . .§ cts. ."5 cts. 4,125 00 500 00 2,310 00 890 00 230 00 280 00 380 00 4,590 00 4,590 00 465 00 4,590 00 ii FINAXCIAL STATEMENTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ' Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903. — Con. PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE BOARDING SCHOOL, MAN. (Presbyterian.) Receipts. Balance on hand, June 30, 1902. Government grant Contributed from other sources. Value of clothing contributed. . . Contributed to salary Total receipts Expenditure. Salaries Eood Clothing Fuel and light Buildings and repairs Equipment and furniture. Miscellaneous Total expenditure. Balance on hand, June 30, 1903 cts. 900 00 758 07 419 88 327 07 84 24 37 4.5 48 10 2,574 81 69 11 2,643 92 8 cts 0 12 1,378 80 15 00 3.50 00 900 00 2,643 92 2,643 92 RAT PORTAGE BOARDING SCHOOL, ONT. (Roman Catholic.) Rkceipts. Government grant Discount on bills Value of clothing donated . Total receipts. Expenditure. Salaries Provisions Clothing Equipment including stable expenses . Buildings and repairs Miscellaneous, interest, &c Total expenditure. Deficit, June 30. 1903, paid by mission. - S cts 300 00 1,171 42 447 52 693 66 1.55 94 381 02 3,149 56 3,149 56 •^ cts. 2,149 25 85 89 130 48 2,365 63 783 93 3,149 56 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIES 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903. — Con. BIRTLE BOARDING SCHOOL, MAX. (Presbyterian. ) Receipts. Balance on hand, .June 30, 1902. Government grant Value of clothing contributed . . . Salaries , Contributed from other .sources . Total receipts Expenditure. .Salaries Food Clothing Fuel and light Buildings and repairs . p]qiupnient Miscellaneous Total expenditure. Balance on hand, June 30, 1903 •S cts. § cts. 541 70 2,871 00 850 00 1,495 00 382 90 0,140 60 1,721 86 1 1,.598 82 1,032 31 .538 45 357 35 331) 95 433 76 (1,019 50 121 10 6,140 GO (i,140 60 BLACKFOOT BOARDING SCHOOLS, N. W. T. (Church of England.) Receipts. Government grant (per capita) . . Other sources, (the church, &c.). Value of clothing in bales Total receipts. Expenditure. Balance, .July 1, 1902 .Salaries Food Clothing Fuel and light Repairs Equipment and furnishings. Miscellaneous Deficit, .lune 30, 1903. Total expenditure . •? cts. % cts. 2,581 80 1,294 65 720 00 4,.59(; 45 318 26 1,537 .50 1,093 03 799 30 277 68 86 95 95 95 , 669 32 4,877 99 281 54 4,877 99 4,877 99 ii FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ^ 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903. — Con. BLOOD BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Church of England.) Receipts. (government grant (per capita). . Other sources (the church, &c.) Vahie of clothing in bales Total receipts. Expenditure. Balance, .July 1, 1902 Salaries Food Clothing Fuel and light Repairs Equipment and furnishings. Miscellaneous Deficit, .rune 30, 1903. Total expenditure. S cts. 3(J0 80 1,618 50 1,894 06 1,059 86 417 60 116 19 218 96 730 76 6,416 73 6,416 73 •s cts. 3,466 20 1,617 9!) 960 00 6,044 19 372 54 6,416 73 BLOOD BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. (Tovernment grant (per capita) " -H (for buildings and repairs). Contributions from other sources Value of clothing donated Total receipts E.XPENDITLRE. Salaries Fuel and light Clothing Food Equipment . . . Repairs Miscellaneous. Total expenditiu-e . Excess of expenditure over receipts 8.50 00 347 00 215 00 800 00 250 00 4.50 00 90 00 3,002 00 3,002 00 .? cts. 1,.S71 60 350 00 412 00 40 00 2,173 60 828 40 3,002 00 8 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903. — Con. BLUE QUILL'S B04RDIXG SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Rojnan Catholic.) Receipts. Government grant Contributed from other sources . Donations Total receipts. $ cts. 8 cts. 2,976*60 288 00 550 00 3,814 60 Salaries Food Clothing Fuel and light Furniture Miscellaneous. Debt EXPKXDITURE. Total expenditure. Excess of expenditure over receipts 1,133 30 1,.514 65 2.50 84 395 70 82 04 313 18 500 00 4,189 71 4,189 71 375 11 4,189 71 CROWFOOT BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Government grant (per capita) II II (for repaiis). Mission grant Receipts from other sources . . . . Total receipts . Expenditure. Deficit, July 1, 1902 (paid by mission) Salaries Food . . Clothing Fuel and light Painting ; well and pump (paid by government grant). Buildings and repairs Ecjuipment and furniture Miscellaneous .' Total expenditure . Excess of expenditure o\er receipts. ....... S cts 253 00 950 00 820 00 450 00 260 00 400 00 250 00 35 00 70 00 3,488 00 3,488 00 .s cts. 1,183 80 400 00 1,200 00 600 00 3,383 80 104 20 3,488 00 ii FiyAXCIAL STATEMENTS 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903. — Con. CROWSTAXD BOARDING SCHOOL, X.W.T. (Presbyterian.) Receipts. Balance on hand, June 30, 1902. Irovernment grant Sale of stock Other sources Salaries Clothing (donated). Total receipts EXPEXDITURE. Salaries Wages Food , Clothing Buildings and repair.- Equipment Fuel and light Hav Miscellaneous . Total expenditure. Balance on hand, June 30, 1903 S cts. 2,101 00 347 00 1,825 50 965 00 275 00 294 25 468 00 72 00 .572 99 6,920 74 230 98 7,151 72 •S ct.'^ 48 .5(; 2,880 90 575 .30 720 96 2.101 00 825 00 7.151 72 7,151 72 COWESSESS' BOARDIXC SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. .. From other sources Value of clothing contributed. . Total reeeiiits. >5 cts. 21 OS 1,039 90 814 92 905 00 297 50 300 00 3,378 40 Expenditure. Salaries Food . . Cloth i mg (W.F.M.S.).. General exjiense .... Fuel and light Furnishmgs for house Repairing "Buildings Total ex])enditure Excess of expenditure over receipts 1,016 50 74<; 03 87 47 300 00 463 21 84 95 10 02 9 .37 1,363 68 4,081 23 702 83 4,081 23 4,081 23 "■Note.— Building in course of construction at close of June, 1903. Since then .S530 has been received from W.F.M.S. 12 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903 — Co7i. GORDON'S BOARDING SCHOOL, X.W.T. (Church of P^ngland.) Receipts. S cts. Government'grant (per capita) II II for tank S.P.C.K. and various sources in England. Clothing, valued at Synod gi-ant S cts. 2,084 40 100 00 .S39 84 736 G6 622 02 3,882 92 Expenditure. Provisions Clothing , Wages . . . Fuel and light House equipment and repairs. Sundries, hay, oats, &c 1,335 66 i 918 71 1 820 00 i 123 2S 1 275 96 ! 409 36 j 3,882 92. 3,882 92 HOLY AX(;ELS boarding SCHOOL, N.W T. (Roman Catholic.) Government grant . Receipts. Expenditure. Salaries Food Clothing Fuel and light Total expenditure Excess of expenditure over receipts S cts. 1,000 00 1,862 00 1,972 00 440 00 5,274 00 S cts. 2,880 00 2,394 00 5,274 00 i 5,274 00 Government gi-ant . Salaries Food Clothing Fuel and light. Miscellaneous . ISLE A LA CROSSE BOARDING SCHOOL. N.W.T. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Expenditure. Total expenditure. Excess of expenditure over receipts S cts. 240 00 475 00 115 00 104 00 43 00 977 00 977 00 8 cts. S64 00 113 00 977 <»0 ii FIXAXCIA L STA TEMEXTS 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903 — Con. LESSP]R SLAVE LAKE BOARDING SCHOOL, X.W.T. (Clmrch of Enffland.) Receipts. Government grant (per capita) Northwest government, grant for salaries. Woman's Auxiliary, grant toward matron's and assistant matron's salaries. Total receipts. EXPEXDITCRE. Salaries Other expenditure. Total expenditure. Excess of expenditure over receipts (iSO 00 1,200 00 1,850 (H) •-S cts. 865 80 400 00 250 00 1,515 80 3.S4 20 1,850 00 I 1,850 00 LESSER SLAVE LAKE BOARDING SCHOOL. N.W.T. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Government grant -S cts. ;§ cts. '^,880 00 Expenditure. Salaries 1,.500 00 3,122 70 806 14 5 0 00 Food Clothing . . . Fuel MiN Total expenditure Excess of expenditure over receipts (paid by R.C. 5,928 84 sion) 3,048 84 5,928 81 5,928 84 14 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903 — Con. MUSCOWEQUAN'S BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Govenunent grant Contributed from other sources . Total receipts Expenditure. Salaries Food Clothing Yw\ and light Buildings and repairs Equipment and furnitui-e. Miscellaneous Freighting Total exi)enditure Excess of expenditure over receipts cts. 1,329 50 1,235 75 710 00 214 20 137 tJO 187 35 243 25 177 65 4,2a5 30 S cts. 2,160 00 333 00 2,493 00 1,742 30 4,2a5 30 I 4,235 30 McDOUGALL ORPHANAGE, N. W. T (Methodist) Government grant (per capita). Receipts. Expendituee. Salaries Provisions and clothing House equipment Ranch account and improvements.. Bank Exchange S9.75 ; office account §8.25. Extra labour Freight Fuel and light .S262.60 ; gaxnes $5.00 Buildings Travelling expenses \S'ater lea.se Blacksmithing and repairs Drugs Total exp'-nditure Deficit, paid by Methodist Mi.ssionary Society $ cts. 1,917 00 2,299 00 101 90 314 51 18 00 143 00 59 24 267 60 75 00 80 55 - 28 00 130 30 17 10 5,451 10 5,451 10 S cts. 2,770 80 2,680 30 5,451 10 *NoTE:— The statement of receipts was not given by the principal -vhen forwarding his financial statement. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ONIOX LAKE BOARDING SCHOOL, N. W. T. (Church of England.) Receipts. (xovernment grant (per capita) Territorial government grant towards salary of teacher for non-treaty children. Grant from Woman's Auxiliary for salary of two of stafif Value of clothing, bedding and groceries from Woman's Auxiliary Received from private sources Expenditure. >Salaries Groceries and provisions Oil, lamps and lamp fixtures Fuel and stoves New schoL 1 building ' Repairs and additions to buildings. S cts. 810 00 1,540 00 95 00 220 00 1,700 00 200 00 4,5G5 00 S cts. 1,119 00 25r) 80 300 00 300 00 2,.")89 20 4, .56.5 00 ONION LAKE BOARDING SCHOOL N. W. T. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Government gi'ant Received from other sources. Total receii)ts. Expenditure. Deficit, .Tune 30, 1902., Salaries Food Clothing Fuel and light Miscellaneous % cts. Total expenditure. Excess of expenditure over receipts 785 97 1,221 15 2,193 80 692 50 259 00 1,652 52 6,804 94 6,.'<04 94 8 cts. 3,094 20 2,426 24 5,520 44 1,284 .50 6,804 94 16 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS li 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903 — Con. PEIGAN BOARDING SCHOOL, N. W. T. (Church of England.) Receipts. Government grant Other sourc«?s, (the church, &c. Value of clothing in bales Total receipts . EXPEXDITUUE. Balance, June 30, 1002 Salaries Foorl Clothing. Fuel and light Repairs . • . . Equipment and furnishings . Miscellaneous Deficit, June 30, 1903 Total expenditure. •S cts. 446 42 7(i2 00 872 67 425 3!) 126 13 26 68 46 20 .■>57 40 3,262 89 3,262 89 S cts. 1,510 20 1,135 60 420 CO 3,065 80 197 09 3,262 89 Government grant Donations PEIGAN BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts Total receipts EXPENDITLKE. Deficit, June 30, 1902.. . Salaries Food Clothing, shoes, &c Fuel and light ... Eiiuipment and furniture Repairs Miscellaneous Total expenditure. Excess of expenditure over receipts . . . . S cts 224 37 650 00 933 83 354 42 189 15 44 35 7 55 116 82 2,520 49 2,520 49 .$ cts. 1,406 40 464 00 1,870 40 650 09 2,520 49 ii FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903 — Co7i. ROUND LAKE BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Presbyterian.) Receipts. Goveniment grant Church grant for salaries W. F. M. Societj- for clothing. Profit from farm Expenditure. Salaries Food Clothing Light, fuel and repairs, ^liscellaneous S cts. 2,034 00 1,000 00 700 00 200 00 204 .55 4,138 55 S cts. 1,508 55 1,G50 00 500 00 480 00 4,138 55 SARCEE BOARDING SCHOOL, N. W. T. (Church of England.) Receipt.s. Government granc (per capita). . . ti H special Other sources (the church, &c. ) Value of clothing in bales Total receipts Expen'diturk. Balance, Jijly 1, llt02 Salaries Food Clothing Fuel and light Repairs and improvements . Equipment and furnishings. Misce'.laneoTis Deficit, June 30, 1!)03. Total expenditure. 365 64 (;3(l 50 c.tio i;t 2'.»'.t iio 238 20 377 16 70 25 litl 59 2,838 43 2,838 43 §> cts. 1,021 20 225 00 819 25 280 00 2,345 45 492 98 2,838 43 18 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 -Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 3U, 1903 — Con. SMOKY RIVER (ST. AUGUSTINE'S) BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Roman Catholic. ) Government grant (per capita). Clothing contributed Receipts. Total receipts. Expenditure. Salaries School furniture . . . Clothing and shoes. Food Fuel and light Miscellaneous Total expenditure. Excess of expenditure over receipts 8 cts. 6.50 00 50 00 200 00 480 00 180 00 1.50 00 1,710 00 1,710 00 S cts. 1,080 00 50 00 1,130 00 580 00 1,710 00 ST. ALBERT BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Government grant (per capita) EXPENUITCRE. Wages of farmers .... II baker Food Clothing Fuel and light . . Buildings and repairs Miscellaneous Deficit, June 30, 1902 Total expenditure. Excess of exijenditure over receipts $ cts. 720 00 240 00 987 00 505 15 82 50 316 40 115 00 6,650 27 9,616 32 9,616 32 S cts. 4,887 00 4,729 32 9,616 32 ii FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ended June 30, 1903 — Con. THUNDERCHILD'S BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Government grant From other sources Value of clothing contributed . vTotal receipts . Expenditure. Deficit, June 30, 1902. Salaries Food Clothing Fuel and light Buildings Equipment Miscellaneous Total expenditure . Excess of expenditure over receipts S cts. 912 00 500 00 1,025 00 450 00 160 50 450 00 265 00 6.S0 20 4,442 70 4,442 70 S cts. 1,080 00 525 00 150 00 1,755 00 2,687 70 4,442 70 WABISCOW LAKE (ST. MARTIN'S) BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Government grant Received from other sources. Total receipts . Expenditure. Salaries Food Fuel and light. Miscellaneous . Total expenditure . Excess of expenditure over receipts . . S cts. 700 00 ■500 00 100 00 50 00 1,350 00 1,350 00 S cts. 1,080 00 100 00 1,180 00 170 00 1,350 00 27— ii-2i 20 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year end d June 30, 1903. — Con. WABISCOW LAKE (ST. JOHN'S) BOARDING SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Church of England.) Receipts. Government grant fSepteniber and December, 1902). Contributions from Canada (Easter) . . Salary from Church Missionary Society Expenditure. Supplies Cow for beef Salary and travelling expenses. Miscellaneous freight, &c § cts. 748 98 40 00 SI 00 188 13 1,058 11 >i ct«. 203 98 104 13 750 00 1,058 11 alberxi boarding school, B.C. (Presbyterian). Receipt.-*. Balance on hand, .June 30, 1902. Government grant Church contribution Clothing from church From other sources Total receipts . ExPENDITrRE. Salaries Food. Clothing Light Buildings and repairs Equipment and furniture. ^liscellaneous Fire insurance Total expenditure Excess of expenditure over receipts S cts. 1,591 48 1,291 81 863 36 36 99 111 64 156 18 755 30 70 00 4,876 76 ■"5 cts. 53 72 1,800 00 1,907 46 800 00 69 75 4,630 93 245 83 4,876 76 i 4,876 76 ii FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ended June 30, 1903. — Co7i. Government grant {per capita) Church ^lissionary Society Other sources ALERT BAY GIRLS' HOME, B.C. (Church of England). •Rkceipts. Total receipts. S cts. S cts. 357 50 110 00 176 00 643 50 -Salaries ..... Food. Clothing Fuel and light Equipment.. . . , Miscellaneous Expenditure. Total expenditure . E.xcess of expenditure over receipts 190 60 285 10 66 25 39 85 37 25 28 15 647 20 647 20 3 70 647 20 CLAYOQUOT (BISHOP CHRISTIE) BOARDING SCHOOL, B.C. (Roman Catholic). Receip .s. Government grant Special contributions from missionary societies . . . Amount contributed by way of clothing and meat Total receipts ... Expenditlre. Deficit, June 30, 1902. ... Salaries Food. Clothing Fuel and light Buildings and repairs Equipment and furniture. Miscellaneous Deficit, June 30, 1903. Total expenditure. § cts. 981 53 1,170 00 1,245 55 330 00 20 60 163 14 331 17 70 63 4,312 62 S cts. 3,000 00 1,000 enditure. $ cts. 255 00 31 75 117 50 11 75 28 05 34 22 33 05 10 15 42 65 506 41 [,070 53 194 26 1,264 79 $ cts. 550 .50 500 00 172 00 16 69 17 20 8 40 1,264 79 1,264 79 PORT SIMPSON GIRL'S HOME, B. C. (Methodist.) Receipts. Government grant Wonuin'.s ]Missionary Society grant. From other sources Balance on hand, June 30, 1902 . . . Total receipts . E.xpenditure. Salaries Food Clothing . Fuel and light Buildings and repairs Equipment and furniture Miscellaneous Total expenditure. Balance on hand, June 30, 1903 $ cts. 1,500 00 1,298 14 368 78 317 50 146 21 100 80 417 73 4,149 16 23 57 4,172 73 $ cts. 1,200 00 2,882 50 1 00 89 23 4,172 73 4,172 73 ii FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Statevjent of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903 — Con. ST. MARY'S MISSION BOARDING SCHOOL, B. C. (Roman Catholic. ) Receipts. Per capita grant from Dominion Government. Proceeds of farm and garden Grant from Mission From other sources t. .? cts. Total receipts . ExPExnrruRE. Deficit, -June .30, 1902 Salaries Food • Clothing Fuel and light Buildings and repairs Eqxiipment and furniture. Miscellaneous 200 50 1,560 00 3,. 500 00 300 00 350 00 325 00 250 00 485 00 Total expenditure , 6,970 50 Excess of expenditure over receipts 6,970 .50 •S cts. 3,600 00 1,840 00 600 00 800 00 6,840 00 130 bO 6,970 50 SQUAMISH BOARDING SCHOOL, B. C. (Roman Catholic.) RECEIPTS. Government grant (per capita) •S cts. •S cts. 2 762 00 Receipts from sales of garden produce 90 20 .1 1. other sources 289 80 H .1 Church authorities 392 00 EXPEXDITUKE. Insurance and taxes 90 00 200 00 89 25 22 10 2,639 00 104 10 89 55 300 00 Buildings and repairs Stationery and Ixioks Garden seeds P'ood and clothing Boots and .shoes Fuel and oil Farm instructor's salarj' ... 3,534 00 3,534 00 24 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ended June 30, 1903 — Con. YALP: (ALL HALLOWS) BOARDING SCHOOL, B. C. (Church of England.) Receipts. Cash on hand, June 30, 1902 Donations to .school building fund . H housekeeping Receipts from sale of fruit, &c S. P. C. K. scholarship Government grant (per capita) Catechist's salary Total receipts. Expenditure. Buildings, painting and repairs. Housekeeping expenses Laundry Travelling expenses Medicine Fuel and oil School books and stationerj' . . . Freight Head mistress's salary Catechist's salary Gardening Furnishing '. . . Postage Boots Dry -goods $ cts. Total expenditure. Balance on hand, June 30, 1903 1,526 10 l,26fi 00 158 00 30 00 10 40 155 70 26 00 132 18 300 00 180 00 43 05 08 70 8 75 12 70 7 35 3,924 93 16 17 3,941 10 S cts. 1,244 38 281 72 286 50 152 00 240 00 1,550 60 180 00 3,941 10 3,941 10 i FIN A NCI A L S TA TEMEX TS 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903 — Con. MOHAWK INSTITUTE, BRANTFORD, ONT. (Undenominational.) Rf.ceipts. Less sni^plies from industrial departments — Provisions Washing, heating, lighting Repairs Improvements Furniture Sundries . General account Cash receipts from sales, trade, S127.23; farm, .s3,it79.00 Government grant (per capita) Total receipts . Expenditure. Salaries. . . Provisions. Clothing. Washing, heating, lighting Repairs, insurance Furniture, bedding and house sundries Printing, postage and office expenses Travelling e.xpenses .' Medical expanses Funeral e.xpenses Sundries, school requisites, library, prizes, telephone, &c Materials and wages for industrial departments — Farm and garden §3,514 22 Workshop 1,492 47 Total expenditure. Excess of expenditure over receipts 8 cts. 3,117 51 3,535 96 1,456 17 1,259 48 279 70 504 27 36 42 3 25 198 57 46 20 295 ()0 5,006 69 15,739 82 15,739 82 S cts 1,373 63 130 00 238 58 213 12 8 20 14 80 866 32 4,106 23 5,460 00 12,410 88 3,328 94 15,739 82 26 . DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903. — Con. MOUNT ELGIN INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE, ONT. (Methodist.) Receipts. Sale of live stock Proceeds of work iu shoe-shoj). Present estimated value of live stock, farm implements, furniture, growing crops, &c., as per inventory, June 30, 1903 . , Government grant. Total receipts. Expenditure. Live stock, farming implements, furniture, growing crops, &c., as per inventory, .July 1, 1902. Salaries of principal, teachers, matron, cook and domestic servants Farm labour, .Sl,.543.88 ; blacksmithing, S108..33 Farm implements and repairs, .S179.36 ; harness and repairs, •S73.25 Live stock purchased, .^3,911. 00 ; feed, $919.57 Seed, S92 . 26 ; grain and grinding, S472 .63 Travelling expenses, •S250 90 ; freight and express, .S48.21 Groceries and provisiijns, 81,538.12 ; coal and wood, -SlSO.Ol Books, stationery and printing, -8148.76 ; postage, .S27.25.. , Clothing and clothing material, boots and shoes Dry-goods, S343. 17: hard vvare, .?327. 73.... iledical attendance, -847.75 ; drugs and medicine, S21.44 Furnishings, -8151.25 ; incidentals, .8197.25 Pasture and rent of laud, -8225 . 27 ; lighting, .851 .46 Medical and funeral expenses late Rev. W. W. Shepherd Impro\ements — tiles and tile draining, §142.48; lumber, 890 78; brick and cement, -8890.25; hardware, -874.21 ; work on barns, 858.00; repairs, §53.37 Interest on borrowed money Shoe-shop material and shoemaker's wages S cts. 17,135 00 2,155 69 1,652 21 252 61 4,830 57 564 89 299 11 1,688 13 176 01 614 75 670 90 69 19 348 50 276 73 159 63 1,309 09 108 45 211 47 Deficit, .Tune 30, 1903. Total expenditure 32,522 93 32,522 93 -8 cts. 8,710 59 337 40 17,039 11 6,000 00 32,087 10 435 83 32,522 93 ii FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903 — Con. SHINGWAUK HOME, OXT. (Church of England.) Receipts. Contributed bj' government under per capita grant. II II special purposes II from other sources, England II II Canada Total receipts. Expenditure. Salaries Food . . . Clothing, boots, &c Fuel and light Buildings and repairs Equipment and furniture (paid out of school funds). Office expenses, insurance, &c Travelling expenses, children's amusements Hospital expenses, doctor Pocket money Laundry expenses ^liscellaneous Loss on all trades.. . . Deficit, .July 1, 1902. Total expenditure. 2,(;(i9 9.5 2,487 80 .517 ,50 1,240 97 325 25 44 78 214 28 49 81 181 46 64 51 202 88 «3 70 8,062 89 188 38 889 79 Deficit, .Tune 30, 1903. '.1,141 C6 9,141 06 •S cts. .3,451 00 29 22 1,407 52 2,378 09 8,065 83 1,075 -23 9,141 06 WIKWEMIKON(; INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, ONT. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Contributed by government under per capita grant. II from otiier sources 7,200 00 3,473 97 Expenditure. Salaries Food Clothing ^ Fuel and light Buildings and repairs Equipment and furniture (not paid by government). Miscellaneous 2,075 50 3,795 28 1,6,54 18 953 84 1,642 66 349 43 203 08 10,673 97 10,673 97 28 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAX AFFAIRS u 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ended June 30, 1903 — Con. BRANDON INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, MAN. (Methodist.) Receipts. Balance on hand .Fune 30, 1902. Methodist Missionary Society. . Interest and discount .... Farm and live stock EXPENDITUKE. Balance at credit of principal of school, June 30, 1902. Farm equipment Repairs Salaries Li^it Carpenter's shop Telegrams. Sunday school supplies. E.xtra labour Travelling expenses Fuel House expenses. Farm Freie ight. (iauies , Office House equipment Transport of pupils from school. Provisions Clothing Refund of school taxes Balance in Merchants Bank S ots. 0 28 46 55 19 40 ,454 34 213 14 25 79 5 67 20 30 74 80 53 95 ,114 29 243 93 181 40 40 23 53 83 162 97 578 85 111 00 ,508 77 .295 40 59 75 53 23 12,317 87 S cts. 0 IS 12,000 00 50 65 267 04 12,317 87 'ELKHORN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, MAN. (Undenominational. ) Receipts. Government grant. Farm receipts Sundry receipts (cash). E-XPENDITURE. Salaries ^laterial and repairs Stock and equipment Dry -goods and clothing . Groceries and provisions. . . Fuel and light Miscellaneous Travelling expenses Buildings and fixtures Indian department (sundry receipts). $ cts. 4,#l 31 530 60 500 36 2,1.55 59 4,329 57 1,863 29 1,044 49 454 65 1,226 70 925 97 S cts. 15,271 43 1,085 13 925 97 17,282 .5.S 17,282 53 17,282 53 'Note.— All expenditure in connection with this .school is paid by the government. ii FIXAXCIAL STA TEMENTS 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ended June 30, 1903 — Con. ^RUPERTS LAND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, MAN. (Undenominational. ) ExPEsnrruKE. Maintenance. Band Clothing Dispensary Fuel Games House expense .... Light Office.. Provisions School Salaries Travelling expense^. •S cts. Other Expenses. l^'ixtures House equipment. Repairs Blacksmith-shop. . Carpenter-shop. . Farni Printing Total expenditure . •? cts 74 12 « 1,374 02 32!) 71) 1,701 36 67 20 422 15 853 88 138 75 3,486 25 19 50 3,928 62 330 92 12,632 83 1,001 09 363 92 233 23 25 72 14 53 848 08 4 30 2,490 87 15,123 70 *NoTE. — All expenses in connection with this school are paid by the government. ST. BONIFACE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, MAN. (Roman Catholic). Receipts. (xovernment grant (per capifa) " (gas machine and fixtures) Farm products Total receipts. Expenditure. Deficit, -June 30, 1902 Provi.si(ins Clothing Fuel and liglit Ho\ise and kitchen equipment. Salaries Miscellaneous Total expenditure , Excess of expenditure over receipts -S cts. 579 63 2,617 92 677 77 1,147 70 184 47 2,.S79 30 1.291 87 8,878 66 8,878 60 •S ots. 7,857 01 485 05 16S 08 8,510 14 368 52 8,878 66 30 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statemext of Receipts and Expenditure for^the Year ended June 30, 1903. — C-)n. BATTLEFORD INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Church of England). Receipts. Ooverjnient grant, (per capita) ,, I, for buildings, repairs, drug?, medical attendance, (fee. Contributions from other sources Total leceipts. Expenditure. Deficit, June 30, 1902 Salaries Food Clothing Fuel and light Buildings and repairs Equipment and furnishing. Miscellaneous Total expenditure . Excess of expenditure over receipts S cts. 214 75 4,220 45 4,019 46 1,439 10 1,4913 34 1,062 78 517 78 666 99 13,637 65 S cts. 11,481 66 1,126 24 729 75 13,337 65 300 00 13,637 65 13,637 65 ■^CALGARY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, N.W.T. (L^ndenominational. ) Salaries Food. Clothing Furnishing . . . Management. . Buildings Expenditure. Total expenditure. S cts. 2,476 70 2,918 38 867 03 91 64 1,674 03 232 35 S cts. 8,257 13 *NoTE. — All expenses in connection with this school are paid by the government. FIN A NCI A L S TA TEMENTS 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ended June 30, 1903. — Con. QU'APPELLE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Government grant (per capita), balance 1901-2 , year 1902-3 1, above per capita grant, for buildinss, medical attendance, re- pairs, stationery and postage Amount earned by shops and sundry sales Total receipts. Expenditure. Unpaid accounts, 1901-2 . . . Salaries — Out of i)er capita grant . Above II ti 8 7,909 70 600 00 Clothing Provisions Fuel and light Buildings and repairs — Out of per capita grant . Above M M S 749 51 1,186 .58 Equipment and furniture — Out of per capita grant 8 48.5 68 Above II II . ... 272 25 ^Miscellaneous — Out of per capita grant 8 5,909 09 Above .1 189 41 8 cts. 1,902 74 509 70 119 47 403 02 999 72 1,936 09 r57 93 Deficit, June 30, 1903. 6,098 50 Total expenditure | 32,727 17 S cts. 1,216 38 2.5,005 79 2,248 24 2,904 24 31,434 65 1,292 52 32,727 17 32,727 17 32 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903. — Con. RED DEER INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, N.W.T. (Methodist.) Receipts. Cash on hand, July 1, 1902 Methodist Missionary Society Indian dep-irtment — direel per capita grant. 11 M repairs Sundry sales and discount.. ExPENDiruRE. Salaries Provisions Clothing Fuel Light Buildings and repairs Equipment Miscellane< cts. 1,935 89 463 20 461 82 10 25 2,871 16 EXPEXDITIHE. Salavit-s Food. . . Clothing Fuel and liglit Equipment. . . . Repairs Miscellaneous. . Total e.Npenditure. E.Kcess of e.xpenditure over I'eceipts . . . . 1,251 50 940 I.") 445 30 141 25 135 60 , 42 75 296 30 1 3,252 85 : 1 381 69 3,2.52 85 3,252 85 34 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ' ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statemext of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903 — Con. COQUALEETZA INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE, B.C. (Methodist.) Receipts. Government grant (per capita) Receipts from sale of produce, shoe-shop receipts, &c. EXPENDITCKE. Salaries Food - Clothing Fuel and light Buildings and repairs - Equipment and furniture (including house furnishing, shoe-shop supplies, books and stationery, medical expenses, drugs, hardware, freight, &c.) $ cts. $ cts. 8,805 28 2,629 60 3,322 60 2,499 97 663 01 298 70 956 98 3,693 62 11,434 88 11,434 88 KAMLOOPS INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, B.C. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Balance on hand, June 30, 1902 Government grant From other sources Total receijits. Expenditure. Salaries Food . . Clothing Fuel and light Buildings and repairs Equipment and furniture Miscellaneous Total expenditure . Balance on hand, June 30, 1903 §i cts. •2,790 00 1,518 71 676 21 201 05 589 29 193 12 473 58 6,441 96 96 20 6,538 16 8 cts. 29 85 6,497 85 10 46 6,538 IG 6,538 16 ii FIXAXCIAL STATEMENTS 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure foi' the year ended June 30, 1903 — Con. KOOTENAY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, B.C. • (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Government grant (per capita). Farm produce sold Total receipts ExPEXniTURE. Deficit. June 30, 1902. Salaries Food Clothing- Fuel and light Buildings and repairs. Miscellaneous Total expenditure Excess of expenditure over receipts S cts 530 00 1,160 00 3,12.5 00 1,34.5 00 225 00 350 00 150 00 6,885 00 B5 00 •S cts. 6,500 00 200 00 6,700 00 1S5 (Ml 6,885 00 KUPER island industrial school, B.C. (Roman Catholic.) Receipt.s. Government grant (per capita). . . Contributions from other sources . Total receipts . Expenditure. Deficit, Tune 30, 1902 Salaries Food Clothing Fuel and light Buildings and i-epairs .... Equipment and furniture . Miscellaneous Total exjjenditure Excess of expenditui'e over receipts cts. 362 07 2,870 00 1,828 65 784 18 69 27 236 77 478 94 456 97 7,086 85 7,086 85 S ct.s. 6,500 00 332 75 6,832 75 254 10 7,086 85 -3i 36 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903 — Con. LYTTON INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, B.C. (Church of England.) * Receipts. Government grant (per capita). Other contributions Total receii)ts. Expenditure. Salaries . Food . . . Clothing Fuel and light . . Buildings and repairs Equipment and furniture (paid by private contribution) Miscellaneous Total expenditure Balance on hand, June 30, 1903 •S cts. 2,17fi 41 433 69 350 00 20 68 663 60 665 43 1,497 78 5,807 59 147 98 5,955 57 486 00 5,554 71 5,055 57 5,955 57 METLAKAHTLA INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, B.C. (Church of England.) Receipts. Government grant (per cajnta) Board and lodging of Mr. W. McLaughlin For work done bj' instructor and pupils From Dept of Indian Affairs for juaterial and making de.sk.s for day school For repairs tQ Indian agencj' : Farm produce sold Grant from government fcr material for new lj\iilding cts. Total receipts. $ cts. 5,349 55 225 11 142 50 2t; 20 21 .-)0 49 44 105 2il ,'),91il 5'.t Expenditure. Balance, June 30, 1903 Salaries "; Laundry and other work Food Clothing Fuel and light Buildings and repairs i^from per capita grant). Equipment and furniture .. u II one boiler (from special grant) . . . Miscellaneous (from per capita grant) Total e.xpenditure E.xcess of expenditure over receipts .... . 761 15 1,255 19 223 00 2,243 62 l,Oil 32 558 43 142 48 127 18 28 12 241 84 6,622 33 702 74 6,622 33 ! 6,622 33 ii FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ended June 30, 1903. — Con. WILLIAMS LAKE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, B.C. (Roman Catholic.) Receipts. Government grant . Grant from corporation of O.M.I Contributed by way of clothing. . Total receipts Expenditure. Deficit, JimeSO, 1902.... Interest on $3,000 loan . . . Salaries Food Clothing . . . . , Li^ht. Buildings and repairs . . . . Equipment and furniture . Miscellaneous Total expenditure E.xcess of expenditure over receipts S cts. 3,067 57 150 00 2,510 00 1,354 00 744 65 120 00 105 00 357 64 67 75 8,476 61 S ct.s. 4,650 76 608 28 10 00 5,269 04 3,207 57 8,476 61 8,476 61 38 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAX AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 SCHOOL Statement of Day Schools in the Dominion (from which Returns .Scho<:)l. , . . Manitoulin Island. . . Cape Croker . . Christian Island . . , . . Fort William Ontario. Alnwick Back Settlement. . . . Bear Creek Buzwah Cape Croker Christian Island .... Fort William (boys) (girls). French Bay (Tarden River (R.C). (C.E.) *Georgina Island . . . Gibson (lolden Lake Henvey Inlet tHiawatha Kettle Point Lake Helen Mattawa Michipicoten fMissanabie i At Missanabie Mississagi River Manitoulin I.sland Teacher. Denomination. Manitowaning. . . Cape Croker Penetanguishene . Western Saugeen Garden River. . . Georg^na Island. Watha Golden Lake. . . Henvey Inlet . . . Rice Lake Kettle PoiTit. . . . Red Rock At Mattawa . . . Michipicoten . vSaugeen Sault Ste. Marie. Rama Parry Sound. Golden Lake. Parry Sound. Alnwick Sarnia ; Western Sault Ste. Marie. Moraviantowni Moravian Mud Lake Mud Lake Muncey Caradoc Naughton Whitefish Lake. New Credit Xew Credit Xipissing iNipissing , Oneida No. 2 Oneida , ,. No. 3 1 „ Pic River Pic River , Port Elgin Cape Croker Rama iRama River Settlement iCaradoc Ryerson Parry Island .... Sagamook Spanish River . . Saugeen Saugeen , Scotch Settlement i n Serpent River Serpent River. . . Shawanaga IShawanaga Sheguiandah 'Sheguiandah . . . Sheshegwaning Sheshegwaning.. Thes&alon Moravian Rice Lake Caradoc Manitowaning. New Credit. . . , , Parry Sound. . . lOneida Western Cape Croker. Rama Caradoc Parry Sound. Thessalon. . . . Saugeen Sidney Bay. Six Nations No. No. No.. 3 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 9 No. 10 No. 11 Cape Croker . Six Nations I Thessalon , Parry Sound . . . . . Manitowaning . . . Gore Bay . .Cape Croker . . . Six Nations C. B. Oakley. Miss Isa Whitlock . . ,■ Grace Clarke . . J. Koehmstedt Miss Jean Govenlock Rev. W. Geo. Evans. Sister M. Ambrose. . T. J. Wallace '.'. Rev.J.A.Drolet,S.J. Lucius F. Hardyman Hugh L. Tweed Thomas Whitebeans. Miss Charlotte Casey iW. H. S. Meredith.. Matthew E. Sutton . Miss Ethel E. Jacobs Mrs. J. H. McKay ^Sister St. Gregory. . ;Miss Katie O'Connor John H. Smeltzer. . . Anastasia Brissette. . MissCarrieMummery Alfred McCue [John Case J. A. Wind.^or Miss Alary G. Bogle. 1. Tena McLeod. . Levi Doxtator Mrs. C. A. Vollick. . Moses Madwayosh. . Miss Eva Mclver. . . Rev. .lohn Lawrence Joseph Fisher J. E. Armour Elizabeth A. Lensch. jMartha Broadfoot. . j-Tohn Burr J. de Lamorandiere. . jMi.ss Susie McDevitt Mrs. Benj. Fuller. .. JAdele Duhamel Isabella Mclver iPeter Hunks John Clark I Miss Pearl Hill,Ass't Walter Davis. I John Lickers Elam D. Bearfoot. . . lArthur E. White 'MissBeatrice Russell f M Sara Davis T. W. Draper Methodist Undenominational Roman Catholic. . . Undenominational Methodist Roman Catholic. ( "I Undenominational Roman Catholic-. . . Church of England Methodist Roman Catholic. Undenominationa . Roman Catholic Undenominati'ina Roman Calhnlic Undenominationa! Church of England Methodist Undenominational Church of England Methodist Roman Catholic. . . Undenominational Methodist Undenominational Roman Catholic. . . Undeonminational Roman Catholic. . . Undenominational Church of England Roman Catholic. .. Undenominational \ f School clo.sed during Alarch qTiarter, 1903. f Indian children attend white school. Fees paid by De- SCHOOL STATEMENT 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 STATEMENT. have been received) for the Year ended June .30, 1903. 0 >> From what Fund Paid. Number ON Roil. u i S -^ > 13 10 9 6 9 15 6 8 14 27 14 7 14 10 8 3 5 10 24 6 18 8 22 16 6 7 13 15 14 14 5 10 22 8 14 19 17 18 6 I 17 7 22 43 18 21 17 21 15 19 18 Stan HAra Sch.ol. ■Si: < CO so 3 1 I 16 9 17 8 9 15 7 14 13 24 21 , 3 12 15 15 2 10 4 10 3 16 16 16 6 8 8 12 16 5 9 7 14 17 9 29 13 10 10 8 17 8 28 7 19 .39 27 17 22 35 9 21 19 II 6 5 I 2 8 1 2 5 6 13 7 5 6 7 4 4 11 12 3 8 3 10 10 5 2 8 1 6 9 2 5 10 4 9 9 10 7 o 10 \ 13 13 11 15 8 16 14 III 7 4 2 1 1 6 5 4 2 10 6 6 3 3 3 1 2 5 4 3 IV 2 "i 4 V 3 2 VI ■S cts. 300 00 Band 19 15 34 20 21 15 16 29 14 20 23 52 40 20 28 25 1 19 20 30 12 24 21 49 26 17 12 27 25 18 30 16 24 48 24 42 26 28 28 10 26 19 33 102 50 51 37 62 33 32 43 Ontario. Alnwick. 250 00 12 8 Back Settlement. 250 00 300 00 300 00 300 00 Band .S200 ; Vote $50.. Vote Band Vote { Band Band .§300; VoteS300. Band Band .S150 ; Vote §150. Vote Band .$l66 ; Vote .§150. Band 12 10 10 13 14 9 5 6 16 Bear Creek. Buzwah. Cape Croker. 1 "3 12 Fort William (boys). (girls). French Bay. Garden River (R.C.) (C.E.) Georgma I.sland. Gibson. Golden Lake. Henvey Inlet. Hiawatha. 550 00 300 00 ....\ 20 9 14 (JOO 00 300 00 23 18 13 15 16 9 4 29 22 7 13 9 17 4 .300 00 300 00 300 00 250 00 100 00 4 3 1 " i 3 '"'4 3 '5 "i 250 00 Kettle Point. "250 00 100 00 Vote 10 10 14 16 7i 5 12 12 15 6 28 21 16 10 i 5 15 12 14 11 8 10 16; 14 13 3 17 7 20 ! 28 14' 10 28 14 14: 12 171 11 14 14 7 3 16 if> Lake Helen. Mattawa. j 300 00 " '•• Michipicoten. 250 00 Vote Band Vote 2 10 4 1 "3 5 4 7 6 2 7 ( 2 4 6 6 1 4 I ■■] 20 7 7 4 7 8 6 5 Mis.sissagi River. Moraviantown. Mud Lake. Mvnicey. Xaughton. New Credit. Nipissing. Oneida No. 2. 350 00 200 00 200 00 300 00 9 5 2 2 4 2 3 5 1 3 10 3 2 4 1 1 .300 00 Band 250' 00 150 00 Vote "i 300 00 Band Band $125 ; Vote .f 175. Band M No. 3. 250 00 300 00 Fie Ri%er. Port Elgin. Rama. River Settlement. Ryerson. Sagamook. Saugeen. Scotch Settlement. Serpent River. 300 00 200 00 250 00 4 1 250 00 Vote 300 00 300 00 250 00 250 00 Band Vote Band -SlOO ; Vote .?150. Band Band r Band .S2,.'j00 ; Vote-j •S450. 1 5 1 ... .... 300 00 250 00 300 00 2,050 00 10 17 7 27 48 30 30 16 32 15 27 18 9 16 10 23 54 20 21 21 30 18 25 25 2 2 2 10 3 6 "i 2 4 "3 5 11 2 5 1 "e 4 1 "2 9 "i 1 Sheguiandah. She.shegwaning. Sidney Bay. Six Nations No. 1 . No. 2. No. 3. No. 5. No. (). No. 7. No. 9. No. 10. No. IL partnient. 40 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 SCHOOL Statement of Pay Schools in the Dominion (from which Returns Ontario. — Concluded. Skene South Bay Spanish River St Clair Sucker Creek Thomas Tyendinaga (Eastern). * II (Western) + „ (Central). H (Mission). Walpole Island No. 1. „ No. 2. H No. 3. West Bay Whitefish Lake Whitefish River Wikwemikong (boys). . Parry Island . . South Bay Spanish River. Sarnia Sucker Creek . Six Nations . . . Tyendinaga. . . (girls). Wik\veuiik(^gsing. . . Total Ontario. Quebec. JBecancourt Bersimis Caughnawaga (boys). Parry Sound . . . Manitowaning . . Thessalon Sarnia Manitowaning . . Miss A. E.McKelvie 1. Zoe St .James. . n Carrie Morley. .1 A.M. Matthews Ida H. Ferguson Walpole Island . . . . West Bay Whitefish Lake... . Whitefish River. . . Manitoulin Island (unceded) Manitoulin Island (unceded) W ikwemikongsing Six Nations '.John Miller Tyendinaga |Miss Lilian Prickett 1. 1 M Susan Brant.. . 1 i M Charlotte Cronk M Edith M. Goode Albert Sahguj , Joseph Sampson A. Miskokomon. MissAnnaR. Peacock Mrs. Harriet King ,J. C. Ross Walpole Island. Gore Bay Manitowaning. Becancourt.. . . Bersimis Caughnawaga (girls). § H (mission) Cornwall Island Lorette . . St. Regis Lorette . Maniwaki iManiwaki . . Maria Maria Oka (country) lOka M (village) , , Pointe Bleue i Points Bleue. Restigouche ' Restigouche. . St. Francis (Prot.) *'Pierreville . . (R.C.) 1 Albert A. Capps . Miss Emily Frawley H Louise Bonnot. Undenominational Roman Catholic. . . Church of England Methodist Church of England Undenominational Church of England Methodist.... . . Undenominational Roman Catholic . . Church of England Roman Cathol'c. . . Becancourt Bersimis Caughnawaga. . . 1 St. Regis. Lorette . Maniwaki Maria . . Oka St. Regis. 1st. Regis Timiskaming ... . , Timiskaming .... Total, Quebec. Pointe Bleue . Restigouche . Pierreville . . . St. Regis. . . . Timiskaming Alphonsine Dumont. Sr. Marie du Carmel. Peter J. Delisle (pi.). Peter Williams (asst. ) Miss Lucie Street ( pi. ) Mrs. A. Beauvais (as. ) Miss Leah W^ilson. . . David A. Benedict. . Sr. St. Stanislas (pi.). Sr.St.J.DuChantal(a) Miss Annie O'Connor Miss Mary E. Hall.. Miss P. Henderson. . Miss I^lizal leth Sly . . Mrs. O. P. Dufresne. Miss Mary Isaac .... Rev. H. O.Loiselle.. Sr. Maiy .Josephine. . Sr. .Jeanne Fran5oise. Miss Ethel Sims James MacCarragher Roman Catholic. . Methodist,. . . U ndenominational Roman Catholic Methodist Roman Catholic. Church of England Roman Catholic. . Undenominationa' Roman Catholic *School clo.sed September and December quarters 1902. No teacher. fSchool closed September quarter 1002. No teacher. + Indian children attend white school. Fees [taid by department. § School closed Sejjtember quarter, 1902. No teacher. SCHOOL STATEMENT 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ST ATE MENT— Co«-. From what Fund paid. Number ON ROLl.. o 1 < r CD > < Standard. School. .2 S 00 3 1 8 29 10 40 15 37 59 31 32 49 42 38 28 35 16 14 22 20 16 2083 3 52 116 73 14 42 56 42 21 20 30 45 42 11 69 40 59 735 I II III IV V VI S cts. 200 00 Band 4 14 i 16 8 4 15 5 24 4 19 4 14 8 18 29 17 13 20 12 19 12 19 8 8 5 7 946 1 .35 43 40 6 15 40 10 9 10 15 25 22 8 52 13 22 366 3 17 8 19 11 13 30 16 21 18 22 20 15 25 4 7 20 14 7 1014 2 21 95 32 12 30 32 18 io 14 6 1 42 24 18 389 '"6 1 7 I 12 6 .5 24 6 9 3 9 9 1 1 1 6 485 1 18 10 9 '"7 14 19 8 4 8 4 2 1 5 10 22 142 5 5 1 7 2 5 11 6 1 4 10 5 7 I 5 1 4 2 321 O'STW.io— Concluded. Skene. 200 00 South Bay . 200 00 Vote 3iX) 00 225 00 Band Vote Band 6 St. Clair. Sucker Creek. 362 50 16 1 2i 31 28 19 19 6 4 2 3 2 4 4 3 137 50 225 00 " Tyendinaga (Eastern). * ■■ (Western). 130 00 225 00 " 15 29 22 23 17 11 8 6 22 17 20 20 15 11 24 8 8 20 5 995 1 t .' (Central). (Mission). 209 00 Vote.!;;;!'';;;; ;;;;; Band Walpole Island No. 1. M No. 2 300 00 300 00 .... „ No. 3. 250 00 West Bay. Whitefish Lake . 250 00 Vote ... 250 00 1 Whitefish River. 300 00 Wikwemikong (boys). (girls) 300 00 1 1 173 200 00 11 1088 2 77 13 Total Ontario. 40 00 Vote Quebec. 300 00 18 .^4 13 3 16 1 4 9 4 5 5 2 11 7 3 10 6 10 109 6 16 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 5 1 3 5 2 450 00 300 00 300 00 200 00 125 00 350 00 "i / ' 1 ■../ ., 1 116 5 23 29 14 14 12 17 20 23 5 44 22 30 394 1 19 27 28 7 8 13 25 19 6 25 18 29 341 Caughnawaga (boys), (girls). .... ti (mission). Cornwall Island. 150 00 150 00 300 00 Band'.'..'.'.."".'.'.'.'.'.'.".. Maniwaki. 150 00 100 00 Vote 4 .... Maria. Oka (country). 125 00 150 00 3 11 7 '"s 2 1 ,. (village). Pointe Bleue. 200 00 250 00 290 00 « ................ 1 1 Restigouche. St. Francis (Prot.) (R.C.) St. Regis. Timiskaniing. Total, Quebec. 250 00 350 00 / 300 00 4 52 3 30 2 13 42 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 SCHOOL Statement of Day Schools in the Dominion (from which Returns .School. Reserve. Nova Scotia. Bear River Bear River Eskasoni j Eskasoni *Half-\vay River Franklin Manor. Indian Cove Fisher's (irant. . Middle River Middle River Millbrook iMillbrook. ...... Xew Germany LunenV)urg Agency. Teaclier. Denumination. Salmon River. Shubenacadie. . Whycocomagh. Total, Nova Scotia. New Brunswick. Burnt Church. Salmon River. . Indian Brook.. . Whycocomagh , Digby County . . . Cape Breton Co . . . Cumberl'd County. Pictou H . . Victoria m Colchester « . . Lunenburg n Richmond .i . . Hants n Inverness m Church Point. Big Cove |Big Cove. Eel Ground . Kingsclear St. 5lary's. Tobique. . . Eel Ground . Kingsclear. . St. 5lary's . . Tobique Total, New Brunswick . Prince Edward Island. Lennox Island Britlsh Columbia. Lenno.x Island . .John L. DeVany Charles Bernard .... MissE. M. Boomer. . MissC. McDonald... Alex. McDougaU. . . Miss Jesisie Scott . . . Miss Minnie A. Shea .John Langley Robert J. Logan . . 1 A. J. McLennan .... Roman Catholic. Northeastern IMiss Bessie A.Dalton|Roraan Catholic. M. >i atalie Babin Lucy B. Walsh.. Western ' m M. C. Monaghan M.J.Rush.... P. M. Goodine. Ahousaht Ahousaht Aiyansh jKitladamicks Alert Bav Nimkish Bella Bella Bella Bella tBella Coola Bella Coola Cape Mudge iCape Mudge +Clayoquot Opitsat t( xitwingak ;Kitwingar JGlen Vowell Sikedach ( iwayasdums .Gwayasdums Kincolith iKincolith Kita-maat iKita-maat Kitkahtla |Kitkahtla +Kishfiax Kishfiax Kyaquot 'Kyaquot Massett IMassett Metlakahtla jMetlakahtla Nanaimo Nanaimo JNitanit Claoose Ohiaht INo. 8, Haines Isl'd. Port Essington Skeena Port Simpson At Port Simpson. . P.E.I. Superinten- Casimir J. Poirier. . dency. West Coast John W. Russell .... Northwest Coast. . Rev. .J. B. McCuUagh Kwawkewlth Mrs. Elizabeth Hall. Miss iVIary A. Beatty Northwest Coast, .j .. A.E.Nordschow Kwawkewlth |Rev. R. J. Walker. . West Coast : ■. Charles Moser. Babine .. Alfred E. Price ! J. P. Thorkildson. . . Kwawkewlth [E. A. Bird Northwest Coast . . i Rev. W. H. Collison . M II . . Miss NeataMarkland ,1 . . Rev. R. W. Gurd . . I, W.H.Price... 1. E. Sobey „ W . E. Collison . Miss Helena Jackson Cowichan Mrs. E. Nicholas . . . West Coast Rev. Wm. J. Stone.. II Alexander McKee . . Northwest Coast . . Miss Kate Tranter . . II II .. Charles M. Richards. Roman Catholic. Presbyterian Church of England Methodist... Babine West Coast .... Northwest Coast . Roman Catholic. . . Church of England Salvation Army. . . Church of England Methodist Church of England Methodist Roman Catholic. . . Church of England Methodist Presbyterian. Methodist Indian children attend white school. Fees paid Viy department. f New school. The first return 'iCHOOL ST A TEMENT 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ^ STATE M Y.^T—Contimied. have been received) for the Year ended June 30, 1903. o tj: From what Fund paid. > 11 15 3 13 'UMB OX ROLI 1 'u '6 9 10 5 7 8 11 7 13 6 16 92 12 21 9 10 10 18 80 « 13 23 7 19 28 10 6 2 18 7 10 26 28, 15' 23 7 21 17 14 12 15 23 26 KR 1 20 25 8 20 20 23 11 28 17 35 207 20 42 17 24 22 25 150 30 48 25 40 56 25 25 13 27 15 24 52 54 35 41 14 46, 33! 21 21 26 42 8o: j cS s < < 11 6 2 13 7 11 6 7 1? 79 6 10 10 16 17 15 74 15 25 20 17 25 8 10 4, 15' 9i 81 .31! 27 1 19 24 Ji 16 8 9 10 20 22 I 11 16 4 6 10 3 1 17 10 19 97 17 29 6 8 6 11 77 13 15 13 22 29 15 18 7 13 13 13 21 27 8 37 10 32 22 lo! 171 20 25 48 ST.\NI)AKn s. i .School. Appropriat or yearly II 3 2 3 4 5 4 4 8 3 11 47 5 3 8 7 9 32 5 13 5 10 11 7 5 6 11 2 7 16 11 9 3 3 12 5 5 3 1 11 13 III 4 3 IV V VI S cts. 300 00 250 00 Vote 2 4 1 3 '" 5 1 1 17 1 '. . . "1 3 No\ A Scotia. Bear River. 100 00 II Half-way River. Indian Cove. Middle River. 300 00 3U0 00 " 4 2 6 "i 2 4 26 2 4 5 1 4 _2 18 8 1 3 11 3 2 3 3 4 2 2 1 1 16 "4 1 '3 1 9 4 12 4 3 5 250 00 II 12 4 15 11 300 00 250 00 300 00 " New Germany. Salmon River. 250 00 " 19 115 8 21 8 14 12 7 70 17 25 18 21 28 15 19 11 9 8 14 26 26 20 18 7 25 16 7 9 11 19 54 Whycocomagb. 250 00 250 00 Vote New Brunswick. Burnt Church. Big Cove. 250 00 .... 4 2 2 9 2 3 5 1 250 00 2.50 00 " Kingsclear. »St. Mary's. Tobique. 240 00 Vote, $150; Band, .$90. 300 00 300 00 Vote Vote Prince Edw.\rd Island. Lennox Island. British Columbia. 300 00 300 00 2 1 .... Aiyan.«h. .A.lert Bay. Bella Bella 300 00 ,, 300 00 II • Bella Coola. 300 00 300 00 Cape Mudge. Clayoquot. Gitwingak. Glen Vowell 300 00 " 3 300 00 Vote 4 7 ? 11 i! 2 3 t 5 it Gwayasdunis. Kincolith. 300 00 8 9 7 300 00 300 00 300 00 " 4 Kitkahtla. Kishfiax. 300 00 Kyaquot. 300 00 II 300 00 300 00 1 2 2 Metlakahtla. 300 00 1, Nitanit 300 00 300 00 Ohiaht. Port Essington. Port Simpson. 400 00 5 received was for the March quarter, 1903. Xo return received for the Se tember quarter, 1902. 44 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii ^ 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 SCHOOL Statement of Day Schools in the Dominion (from which Returns School. British Columbia— Coh. Quamichan . Saaiiich. . . Skidegate.. . Somenos . . Songhees . . T.sartlip . . . Ucluelet . . Re.sei've. Agency. Teacher. Denomination. Quamichan iCowichan Geo. C. Van Goethem] Roman Catholic. Saanich Queen Charlotte Is Somenos Songhees T.sartli]3 Itedse Total, British Columbia Maxitob.v. I *Assaba.sca Rainy Ri ver . . , *Berens River Berens River. . Big Eddy Pas , +Black River Black River. . . Brokenhead JBrokenhead. Chemawawin iChemawawin . , Couchiching jCouchiching . Wni. Thompson Northwest Coast ..jMiss M. Stevenson . Cowichan Miss Alois S. Stern . H 'sister M. Berchmans Miss Virginia Hagan West Coast . . Rev. M. Swartout. . , Crane River, +Cross Lake Cumberland Eagle Lake Ebb and Flow Lake Fairford (Upper) II (Lower) Fisher River . . Port Alexander (Upi^er). „ (R.C.)... ^Frenchman .s Head . . . . Grand Rapids Hollowwater River .... Crane River Cross Lake Cumberland Eagle Lake .... Ebb and Flow Lake Fairford Fisher River .. . Fort Alexander . Lac Seul Grand Rapids. . . Hollow water River Islington ... i Islington Jackhead Lac Seul . '■•Jackhead. Lac Seul (Canoe River) . I! (Treaty Point) . Lake Manitoba Lake St. Martin •"Little Forks Little Saskatchewan ... tLong Sault Manitou Rapids *Moose Lake Muckle's Creek Pas Pine Creek *Poplar River Red Earth Rossville Sandy Bay Shoai Lake tStangecoming St. Peters (North) Rat Portage .Joseph Dargue Berens River ... Miss Sara A. Kitchen Pas Nathan Settee Berens River George Slater Clandeboye W. Svveetman Pas Reginald Taylor Couchiching .J. H. Dubois Manitowapah John Moar Berens River . , . . A. Sinclair Pas Charles Quinney .... Savanne .Arthur J. Bruce Manitowapah Theresa Beaubien . . . M Iflev. Geo. Bruce. . . . n Robert Bruce Berens River Miss Eva Savage Clandeboye Sydney B. Barrett . . M ;W. George Gow Savanne R. F. MacDougall . . Pas ;M. J. Simpson Berens River .John Sinclair Rat Portage '.T. S. Newton Church of England Methodist Roman Catholic. Presbyterian , Lake Manitoba . . . Lake St. Martin . . Little Forks . . . Little Sa.skatch"wn Long Sault Manitou Rapids. . . Moose Lake St. Peters Pas Pine Creek Poplar River Red Earth Norway House. . . . Sandy Bay Pas Mountain . . . . Stangecoming St. Peters Berens River Savanne Manitowapah . Couchiching... Manitowapah. Couchiching... M. Sanderson D. W. Wood Rev. T. H. Pritchard Louis E. Martel T. H. Dobbs D. W. Wood .John E. Favell Francis E. Ward R. H. Bagshaw James Settee Catherine Fitzgerald Ron'ld F. McDougall Manitowapah Rev. P. Bousquet . . . Berens River .James F. Blackford . Pas Clandeboye Pas Pas ....... 'Berens River, j Manitowapah. 'Pas Couchiching . . Clandeboye . . . Thomas Bear Miss Laura Lousley. n Olive (xoulet. . . Louis Cochrane Henry Girard Lewis JjeClair Undenomi national Methodist Church of England Roman Catholic . Church of England Methodist Church of England Roman Catholic Church of England Methodist Church of England Roman Catholic. . Church of England Roman Cathulic Church of England Church of England Roman Catholic . . Methodist Church of England Methodist ... Roman Catholic . . Church of England Roman Catholic. . . Church of England * No return received for September quarter, 1902. + School closed during the September and December quarter, l'.t02. I SCHOOL STATEMENT 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 STATEMENT— (7on1 47 19 18 14 17 31 20 1220 19 13 43 15 18 28 17 24 19 9 20 18 14 13 20 35 47 15 12 10 18 18 23 12 5 11 4 10 9 19 12 10 10 .582 20 11 6 7 9 12 5 554 11 9 9 10 10 11 5 5 9 4 9 9 5 6 10 10 14 8 5 11 5 4 11 6 4 3 2 10 5 10 9 9 3 251 20 11 12 13 12 22 20 812 14 10 43 2 12 26 11 23 12 6 16 13 10 10 14 22 43 7 8 9 14 18 22 6 5 5 2 4 6 10 3 11 10 427 Manitoba— Con. St. Peters (South). (East).' 300 00 7 12 8 10 6j 8 7; 10 13 18 10 10 300 00 300 00 300 00 300 00 < (R.C.) Swan Lake. Waterhen River. Wabigoon. 300 00 ,1 (J54 12 572 7 216 4 2 148 '"i 36 1 13 1 Total, ^lanitoba. 300 00 Vote N.W. Territories. Attakakoop. Big River. 300 00 0, 7 271 10 7, 8 12 (J 15 13 1: 10 12 12 5 14 5 4 7I 13 10 8 5! 9 6^ 7 10 10 14 21 22 2.") li 9 6 6 10 (5 11' 7 9 9 G 17 0 7 4 1 9 2 3 1 j 0 .') o| 4 12{ 7 4; 8 • 7| 9 7 3 291 5>91 300 00 300 00 4 6 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 2 5 4 2 2 6 2 3 "1 2 6 Day Star'.*. 300 00 .... 300 00 James Smith's. , 300 00 300 (K) 1 John Smith's. 300 00 4 '"1 2 1 "2 Key's. Keeseekouse. Lac la Ronge. Little Pine"s. Louis Bull's. Meadow Lake. 300 00 300 00 300 00 300 00 300 00 " " \ 300 00 2 7 "6 2 1 2 2 1 ... 300 00 300 00 300 00 Morley No. 1. Okanase. 300 00 Poundmaker s. 300 00 300 00 Saddle Lake. 300 00 Sampson's. 300 00 1 2 300 00 3 1 .... 300 00 Stony (Eagle Hills) Sturgeon Lake. *Sweet Grass. St. Anthony's. Thunderchild's(C.E.). 300 00 6 2 4 3 9 1 300 00 300 00 300 00 2 300 00 ■ 300 00 4 4 4 .... 1:.... White Cap Siou.K. Wliitpfish T.'ike 300 00 300 00 White Whale Lake 88 48 19 -: Total X W T School closed March 31. 1903. 48 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 SCHOOL Statement of Day Schools in the Dominion (from which School. Outside Treaty Limits. Albany Mission Buxton Mission Caribou Crossing . . . Fort George Moose Fort IVIoosehide Nelson House Providence Mission (Sacred Heart) St. Andrews Mission. District. Moosonee diocese, James bay At Forty Mile, Upper Yukon dis- / trict I Yukon district Moosonee diocese, James bay Yukon district, Klondike Keewatin district Fort Providf-nco, McKenzie riv. dist. Fort Selkirk, Yukon district Total, Outside Ti-eaty. Teacher. Rev. R. J. Renison . ]Miss :SIary S. Mellish Miss Mary Ellis .... Miss F. N. Brown . . Rev. W. G. Walton . T. Bird Holland ... Rev. Benjamin Totty S. D. Gaudin Sister St. Elzear. Archd'n Canham . Denomination. Church of Engkind Methodist Roman Catholic. . . Church of Ensfland SCHOOL ST A T EM EXT 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ST ATEMENT— Continued. Returns have been Received) for the Year ended June 30, 1902^ - t XlMHKH ON tj Standakh. 3.i^ Roll i < ^X.- From What l>'unfl School. ■i S Paid. < a 1 o H t > < I II III IV V VI ^ cts.; OitsideTkkatv Li.mii.s. 2(MJ 00 Vote 3.0 .sc. 71 41 71 Alhanv Mi.ssion . .. . No grant paid 7 11 18 10 7 4 3| 4i....|.... Bu.vton Mission. „ ,, 1 6 / 4 3 3 1 .. Caribou Crossing:. •_'()0 00 Vote 28 48 76 14 76 ■....'.... .... Fort (ieorge. 200 00 M 30 10 25 16 55 26 27 13 5.^ 14 12 No gi-ant paiil Moo.sehide. 200 00 Vote 8 10 18 11 12 4 1 .... 1 .... Nelson House. Providence Mis.sion. 200 00 Vote 11 15 26 24 16 6 4 ... (Sacred Heart). No grant voted 18 17 35 4 35 .... ! . . .1. i St. Andrew's .Mission. 148 184 332 148 28!l 2!l !) 4 1 Total, Outside 'rrKit\-. 50 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 SCHOOL StateIment of Boarding Schools School. Situation. Principal. ' Denomination. (^NT.'VRIO. Port William Oriihanage. .At Fort William, Ont. KSister M. igrnatia ' fkoiuan Catholic . British Colu.mbia. Albemi . . Alert Bay Girls' Home . . . Olayoquot Port Sin:i)Son Boys' Home. PortSiinpson Girls' Home. Squamish . . St. Mary's. Yale (All Hallows) Total, British Columbia At Alberni, Tresaht reserve, West -Tames R. Motion.. . . Coast agency. At Alei-t Bay, Nimkish reserve, Rev. A. W. Corker . . Kwawkewlth agency. j Adjoining Opitsat, No. 1 reserve, j Rev. P. Maurus West Coast agency. j At Port Simpson, Northwest CoastjCharles M. Richards. agency. iAt Port Simpson, Northwest Coast! MissHannah M.Paul agency. ! [At Squamish, Eraser River agency. . . JAt St. Mary's Mission, on the Fraser j river. lAt Yale, on the Fraser River Presbyterian Church of EiTgland Roman Catholic. . . Methodist Sister Mary Amy. . . Rev. J. Tavernier, O.M.I. Amy, Sister Superior Roman Catholic. . . Church of England M.A.VITOB.^. Cecilia Jeffrey Shoal Lake reserve. Rat Portage .T. O. McGregor. . . . , agency. Norway House At Norway House, Berens River Rev.. I. A. Lousley . . agency. Pine Creek At mouth of Pine creek. Lake Winni- Rev. P. Bousquet. . pegosis, Manitowapali agency. Portage la Prairie At Portage la Prairie, Man W. A. Hendry .Rat Portage At Rat Portage, Ont Rev.C.Cahill,O.M.I. Total, Manitoba Presbyterian. . . . Methodist Roman Catholic. Presbyterian . . . . Roman Catholic. North \vE.sT Tkrritories. IMrtle Blood (C. E.). ., (R. C). .Blue QuiD's 'Crowfoot Crowstand. . . . •Cowessess Duck Lake At Birtle, Man jE. H. Crawford On Blood reserve, Blood agency . Arthur DeB. Owen. M M 11 11 ... iRev. Z. L LeVern I O.M.L Blue (Quill's reserve. Saddle LakejLeon Baiter agency. On Blackfoot reserve Near Cote's reserve, Pelly agency. . On Cowessess reserve. Crooked Lakes; R ev . S. Perranlt agency. O. M. I. On Duck Lake reserve. Duck Lake Rev.M.J^P.Paquette agency Rev. J. Riou, O.M.L W. McWhinney . . . O. M. I. Presbytenan . . . Church of England Roman Catholic. . . Presbyterian ... . Roman Catholic. •Kmnianuel College At Prince Albert, Sask iRev. .Tan.es Taylor. . Church of England -Ermineskin's Pile Hills . On Erniineskin"s reserve, Hobbema Rev. R. L. Dauphin, Roman Catholic agency. O.M.I. On File W'ns reserve iMissKate .T.Gillesi)ie Presbyterian. . . SCHO'JL STATEMENT 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 STATEMEN J—Coalinaed. in the Dominion for the year ended June 30, 1903. firaut. .%.500 m. Number ON Roll. Stanhakh. Vote.. 16i 29 3er ca]). . . . .50 .. .§72 M ., .... 55 „ S72 „ H .... 20 .. .§72 H t' 30 M .§72 M .. Vote. . ' 10 pupil:i,.§72 ]>-!■ cap. . . . V'ote. 50 . §7 •~> L'5 . $7 •> 45 . §7 2 25 . S7 2 40 . §7 2 40 . S7 2 16 127 9 25 27 10 15 86 16: 15 3 41 41 39 9 26 39 51, -■It 46 69 30 4 33. 33 28 193 3201 298 9^ 131 lOj 11 l' 2; 1|.... 6 101 131 24 i 6; 4! 3 2! 16; 12 7i 3 9 7| 27 21 i ■ ! 9 4J 6 3 71 51 i 80! 83 8 17 11 30 55! 46 36 63 .56 13 23 20 16 31 30 1 3 189 163 10 8 6 4 21 I »i ^' •■ 24' 13: 8 i I lOi 14; 14 9 3' 4 49 54' 36' 26 30; 47! 43j 23| 53 46' 8' 28 21 KXI §100 20 hoys, §100 ])er cap. 32 boy.s and girls .§72 per cap. .50 iiujnls, .§72 i^er (;ap. . . . 15 •§72 ., 2 7— ii- Ah 33 18 51 43 13 23 24 5 22 16 18 45 40 16 41 40 54 49 103 101 31 18 49 48 27 23 50 44 8 8 16 15 18 15 20 It; 9 22 29 52 14 7! 13, 9 5; 151 9 8I....I.... 9 13 3! 12i 7: 19 10| 15 5 14' 16 13| 13 2 6 3' .... I 7 On'J AKIO. 2 ,Fort W'illiaiiiOrplianage. BarfLsH C()],i'Mi!iA. Allierni. Alert Bay, Girls" Home Clayoquot. Port Simpson, I> o y .s ' Home. Port Simp.son, (I i r 1 s ' Home. Squaniish. 10 2|St. Mary's. 4 241 11 Yale, (All Halknv...) Total, British Columbia. 11 3 Manitoba. . . Cecilia .Jeflfrey. . . [Norway House. 8 Pine Creek. . . Portage la Prairie. . . Rat Portage. 16' S'Tutal. .Manitoba. iNoKTIIWKSTl'KIJUrTORIK: Birtle. Blood (C.E.) ., (R.C.) Blue Quill's Crowfoot. Crowstand. Cowessess. Duck Lake Enimanviel College. Ennineskin's. File Hills. 52 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 SCHOOL Statement of Boarding Schools School. N. W. Territories — Con. (lordon's Hay Rivfi- Holy Angels Piiiiciiwl. DeiiDiiiiiirttion. I.sle a la Crosse Lesser Slave Lake (C.E. ). (R.C.). Muscowequaii's McDougall Ori)haiiage. Old Sun's iOn (4eo. (Gordon's reserve, Touchwood ]M. Williams Ch\uch of Kiig-land Hills agency. ! At Hay River, Great Slave Lake, Florence A. Potts.. .i Treaty No. S. j At Nativity mission, I""ortChi|)e\vvan, Rev. Sr. McDougall. Roman Catholic .. Treaty No. 8. ' i At Isle a la Crosse, Carlton agency. . . IRev. Sr. Thiffault. . At Lesser Slave Lake, Peace River C. D. White Churcii of Kiiglaiid 1 district. Treaty No. 8. At Lesser Slave Lake, Peace River Rev. A. L)esi)iarais, Roman CatiioHe . . j district, Treaty No. 8. O.M.I. ;0n Muscowequan's reserve. Touch- .T. E. S. Thibaudeau, wood Hills agency. On Morley reserve. Stony agency. . . . On Blackfoot reserve Onion Lake, (H.C. (C.E. Peigan, (C.E.). „ (R.C.). On Seekaskootcli reserve, Onion Lake agency. On Seekaskootch i-eserve. Onion Lakt agency. On Peigan reserve, Peigan agency. . . Round Lake Sarcee .Smoky River( St Augustine) St. Albert Thuiiderchild's Wabiscow Lake, (C.E.).. (R.C.).. In, Crooked Lakes agency On Sarcee reserve, Sarcee agency Near Peace River crossing, at mouth of Smoky River, Treaty No. 8 . At St. Albert settlement, Alta On Thunderchild's reserve, Battleford agency. AtSt. John's mission, Wabiscow Lake, Treaty No. 8. At St. Martin's mission, Wabiscow Lake, Treaty No. 8. John W. Niddrie.. . Rev. H. W. Gibbon Stocken. H .7. Cunningham . Methodist Church of England Roman Catholic. . . Rev. .1. R. Matheson Church of England W. R. Haynes Rev. L. Doucet, O. M. I. Rev. H. McKay... Percy Stocken Rev. Sister Sostene. . Rev. Sister Dandu- rand. Rev. H. Delmas ( ). M. L MissEliza A. Scott. . Rev. Sister Tiburce . Roman Catholic. . . Presbyterian Church of England Roman Catholic. . . Church of England Roman Catholic. . . Total N.W.T SCHOOL ST A T EM EXT 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 tST ATE Al EN T — Continued. in the Dominion for the vear ended .June 30, 1903. (Ti-ant. »'» 20 40 12 1.5 411 30 40 5() 50 10 »» 411 15 15 15 15 pup' Is, 872 |)er ■872 S72 !^72 •S72 872 §72 872 •S72 .'=;72 872 872 •S72 872 872 S72 ca) iVote nu.mbkk on Rolf,. St.\\1)AI!U 15| 1 21 ! lol 3i 181 25 17 22 25| I 29 13 11 10' 1()1 7i 9' I :!9 10 16, 19 16 9 21 16 13 21 17 19 11 16 11 14 8 9 37 / , 12i I 17l II III , IV V 31 40 ! 351 1 12' 39l I 41i 30 43 42 48 24 27 21 30 15 18 76 15 17 27 29; 33 33 12 24 41 30 39 40| 43 18 22 20 21 14| 16 69 15 14 25 6021 529 1131 11016 12| 23 'is] I 17| 10 ' 16: 13 1 12! 19 7 14 5 10 36 8 8 -9 5 13 10 6 12 15 12 1 6 9 10 8 21 11; 1 51 14 11| 4J 3i 2 10 7 Sch< lol. VI N.W.Tekritories- -Con. Gordon's. Hay River. Holy Angels. Isle a la Cro.sse. Lesser Slave Lake,(C.E. ) (R.C. iMuHCOwequan's. 8i : 'McDougall Orphanage. ...... I ... . Old Sun's. 3 Onion Lake, (R.C.) 3... ' .. (CK) iPeigan, (C.E.) ,. (R.C.) . . Round Lake. . . Sarcee. . . Smoky River, (St. Augustine). ..St. Albert. Thunderchild's. iWaViiscow Lake, (C.E. (R.C. 470i 265 203 124! 581 lliTotal, N. W. T. 54 DEPARTMENT OF /.\ DIA X A FFA IB>^ ii 3-4 EDWARD VI I., A. 1904 SCHOOL Statement of Industrial Schools in Schi)i)l. Piincipiil. Denomination. Grant. OXTAKIO. Mohawk Institute. . . Mount Elgin Shingwauk Home. . . \Vikwemikong(Boys) (Girls). Total, Ontario. At Brantford At Muncey At Sanlt Ste, Marie At Wikweuiikong . British Coi.u.mbia. Alert Bay Coqualeetza Home . . Kam loops .... Ivootenay Kuper Island. Lytton. . . Metlakatla . Williams Lake. . Total, B.C. . Manitoi{.\. Brandon *Elkhorn ■■■Rupert'^^ Land . , Ht. Boniface .... At Alert Bay on Nimkish reserve. At Chilliwack, Era- ser River agency. At Kamloops At Kootenay . . At Kui)er Island, Cowichan agency At Lytton, Kam- i loop s-Okanagan 1 agency At Metlakatla, West Coast ag'cy I At Williams Lake . Rev. R. Ashton . . . Rev. T. T. George, (ieo. Ley King. . . . Rev. J.Paqiiin,&>.J Rev. A. W. Corker Rev. Jos. Hall .... Rev. A. M. Carion Rev. N. Coccola . . Rev. G. Donckele. Rev. Geo. Ditcham John R. Scott Rev. H. Boeninu-. At Brandon jRev T. Ferrier. . . At Elkhorn lA. E. Wilson At Middle Church. [Joseph Thomi)Son. At St. Boniface.. . . I Rev. J. B. Dorais. Total, Manitoba! XOHTHWKST TkURI- TOKIKS. Battleford ■■'Calgary < Ju' Appelle Red Deer. . ....... Regina.. . . St. Joseph's Total, N.W.T... Undenominational' it] jjupils at SCO per cap. Methodist 1100. „ §60 .. Church of England 1 100 ,, -SOO ., Roman Catholic. . j <30 m .$60 n ... r>o „ .sr)0 Church of England Methodist Roman Catholic. 35 pupils at .$1 3iJ \ lei- ca | > Church of England Roman Catholic. Methodist ..... . . L^n denominational Roman Catliolic. 40 .S130 S130 •S130 .slSti J' 25 bov;^ 1, 25 gifl.< 50 pupils at -SI 3(1 S130 at §140 at -¥100 At Battleford, Sask .At Calgary, Alta.. At Qu' Appelle, Assa At Red Deer, Alta. At Regina, Assa. . . At HighRiver,Alta Rev. E. Mathe.son.lChurch of England Rev. G. H. Hogbin Undenominational Rev. .T. Hugonard. Roman Catholic. . Rev. C.E.Somers.t Metiiodist Rev. J. A. Sinclair, I'resbyterian Rev. A. Nae.ssen.s . Roman Catholic. . . 100 pupils at .ii;120 per cap. i < 111 100 56 71 52 390 21 78 53 53 65 11 46 39 366 100 76 70 75 321 85 36 225 61 91 71 569 StANDAKI). l.VDr.STRIKS. 5 3 0 H 123 101 69 75 68 436 26 93 56 54 66 13 50 42 400 105 89 132 95 421 93 41 234 68 113 82 631 I 39 14 29 19 108 6 11 .... 13 1 10 42 37 14 34 17 102 15 57 15, 25 17 129 II 7 10 14 24 6 61 9 14 9 11 9 4 59 16 20 30 25 91 ,g 32 19 24 25 120 III 51 16 9 12 27 115 22 10 19 20 6 17 99 26 32 23 29 110 39. 8 89 20 11 21 188 IV 19 20 18 6 13 76 3 20 16 16 13 . . . . 23 100 23 9 33 19 84 17 11 35 13 28 13 117 V 19 15 14 4 3 55 9 16 11 9 11 4 2 62 3 8 11 5 27 11 7 21 1 15 6 61 1 VI 1 1 o 201 2 1 .. .. 6 ....1 6 21,14 i 22 1 8 3 3 4 6 6 1 17 5 1 6 ii i 12 u _o - 4 4 "i S cS m 3 3 i 1 2 1 s 1 « 3 10 :: 13 1 1 _, 4 16 1 ■% s :: _ » 1 - 1 Ph '2 2 ■■ 1 s ,s 1 u c 1 ;; 24 2 1 27 2 2 d H 1 1 ■■ .. .. Scli1 f'd ute 55 54 50 75 234 26 66 27 34 36 13 28 22 252 52 59 73 58 242 46 41 101 48 67 59 362 68 47 19 ' (iS 202 27 29 20 30 22 20 148 53 30 59 37 179 47 "i33 20 46 23 269 OXTAKIO. Mohawk Institute.. Mount El^n ,, Shingwauk Home. Wikwemik'g(Boys)' {(iirls.), . . ..Total, Ontario. BKrriSH Columbia. Alert Ba\\ Coqualeetza Home. Kamloojis. Kootenaj-. Kiiper Island. Lyttou. Metlakatla. Williams Lake. Total, B.C. Manitoba. Brandon. Elkhorn 15 2 ' )te 5 11 38 "6 1 T 1 6 1 'io 16 14 .. 4 •• 14 3 59 — 6 8 2 16 12 10 3 13 5 43 V( Jte 1 Jte Rupert" s Land. St. Boniface. ..Total, :Manitoba. NoRTHWKST Terri- tories. Battleford. Calgary. Qu'Appelle. Red Deer. Regina. St. .Joseph's. ...Total, N.W.T. nonseliold duties. "AH expenses paid by the government. 56 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS it 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 SUMMARY OF Class of School. Dknominatiox. NUMIiKK l)N Roll. i ^ ^^ T o s n (3 -6 Province. t 1 be . ' =s 3 < ay. carding .5 1 -5 53 .a g 3 2 a 1 "3 3 J3 .2 J 1 1- ■^ % "T ctf 0 So g > Q ■ 23 l-H '^ 'P M u S 1 fH m PQ o b- << Oiitaiiu 71 ] 5 77 .36 22 9 1(1 .... 1,338 1,226 2,564 1,368 <-^nel)ec 17 y.. 17 2 11 1 3 .... 394 341 735 36t) 10 6 10 10 6 115 70 92 80 207 150 7!l New i.ninswick 6 '-^ Prince Kdward Island 1 29 1 45 1 13 14 13 17 887 13 745 30 1,632 15 lii-itisli (.'iilunil)ia, . . . . , * 8 8 4 1 1.1197 Maiiitolia 48 0 4 57 3 12 32 7 3 982 854 1,836 l,n3s Northwest Territories., 33 31 6 70 1 24 26 10 9 1,255 1,089 2,344 1,836 Outside Tieaty Limits 9 224 45 23 9 292 42 1 100 7 89 1 44 148 184 332 148 16 Total 1 5.206 4,624 9,830 6,021 Note. — All (soys at industrial schools are taught fanning. Department of Indian Affairs, Ottawa, September 30, 1903. 11 . SCHOOL UTATEMEXT 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 SCHOOL STATEMENT. S'lAMiAlil) l.NDlsTlilKS T.U (UIT. 5;{ M/) 4!i 79 :{.s 10 4!) :« .")( r ( M ( 1)7 -21' 06 54 78 -33 I i 44ris; I 1 1 III 1 1.14!) .V)l 444 :^8!» 142 ion 13 01.5 963 1,026^ 289 IV V 47 32 1 331! 361 1 473! 291 26 18 j 7^ 293! I 294! 1 439 9 52 16 9 4 247 146 26(1 4 134 30 17 9 92 56 119 1 riiii.s\vii'k. . . Prince Kdward Island 116 British Columbia. 32 Man it (.1)3. 90j Northwest 'iVrritorii-s. . . . .iOutside Treaty Limits 1029! 1 259 Total. 58 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIBS u 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 INDIAN LAND STATEMENT. ShowinCx the number of acres of Indian Lands sold during the year ended June 30, 1903, the total amount of purchase money, and the approximate quantity of land remaining unsold at that date. PROVINCE OF UXTAKIO. Town or Townsliip. Albemarle Amabel Ea&tnor Lindsay St. Ediimnd Bury (T. Plot) Hardwicke(T. Plot) ()liphant{T. Plot)..;... . Southampton (T. Plot) . . Wiarton (Town) . Brooke (T. Plot) Keppel Saugeen Fishing Island.'* Thes.salon Thessalon(T. Plot) Aweres Archibald Dennis Fisher Herrick Havilland Kars Apaquosh(T. Plot) Laird Macdonald Meredith Duncan Kehoe Thompson Cobden . Pennefather : . . Ley Tilley Tupper Fenwick Vankoughnet Shingcouicouse (T. Plot) Bidwell Howland Sheguiandah Shcguiandah (T. Plot). . . Billings Assiginack Campbell Alanitowaning (T. Plot). Carnarvon Tehkummah Sandtield Shaftesbury (T. Plot).. .. TolsmaviUo (T. Plot) . . . . Allan Burpee Barrie Island Ccjunty or District. 1 Bruce Grey Number j of acres of | Amovint Land of .sold. Sales. Approxi- mate Quantity remaining unsold. Remarks. Br Algoma Manitoulin Acres. 55 OOl 64 00. 255 10, 254 00! 13 00 79-45 178 ■50 KM) 00 isrvoi 514 10 5-45 4,878-70 5, 006 00 402 00 SO 00; 88-iK) •i)7 286 OO! 485-50 616 -00 822 -(X) 157-20 60-29 13,586 (X) 1,269 -00 5,758-00 1,412-75 892 -.50 692 00 20000 1,301 00 6-7 629 00 821-00 1 98 '604 r 350 96 118 234 386 380 261 141 340 168 81 36 230 244 1,261 119 772 •186 56 165 325 101 66 93 14 1,079 (I 291 214 43 499 209 341 356 96 .::::: .:::.,:;:■: 222 290 62 6 249 293 28C. 90 "19' 2 2 •1 110 218 263 237 178 125 197 168 81 36 221 200 10 16 37 128 83 14 8 4 15 ■{43 82 ' ;.'.'.' '.'.'.'.'.]'" 2 , i . . . .* 6 ivies' 47 271 80 '-r'83" "75 (i6 3 1 New Credit Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte ■'21 23 22 ' 72 .... 3.55 97 Oneidas of the Thames ... Pottawattamies of Walpole Island Ojibbewas and Ottawas of Manitoulin and Cockburn Islands at :— Cockburn Island ... Sheshegwaning . . West Bay .56 161 307 18 125 21 9 ... 1 "'l8' South Bay Sheguiandah Sucker Lake Wikwemikong (unceded) . | 66 18 1 14 1,079 Wikwemikongsing « . j 1 1" 6 Ojibltewas of Lake Superior at : — 235 176 43 178 204 276 175 1 56 38 1 Pays Plat Lake Nipigon, Gull Bay and Island Point 16 5 65 170 1 305 Long Lake . .'!;;;'l'"ii' 1 1 Michipicoten and Big Heads 1 ! " " Carried forward 10,632 2,765 (56 3,497 3,404 148 82 76 396 CENSUS RETURN 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 RETURN. belong, with approximate number belonging to each Denomination, as well as the bv Provinces, for the Year ended June .30, 1903. OF ONTARIO. UXDEK (J YEAKS. Fkom Fkom j Froji From 6 TO 1.5 YR8., 1(5 TO 20 YRS.,:21 TO 6o YR.S., (j.5 YEARS INCLUSIVE. IXCLU.SIVE. IXCLISIVE. UPWARDS. Eemarks 14 To 31 25 20 3 27 13 90 8 61 14 4 7 16 6 4 6 142 848 38 3.5 18 9 10 10 7 22 19 24 23 22 21 1 18 26 5 12 1 32 33 18 18 ■ 3 11 15 99 8 .59 16 156 20 4 54 20 38 42 902 43 50 27 9 10 14 27 37 i 27 ' 19 43 25 4 2 25 28 120 7 82 24 115 39 70 36 10 , 19 27 25 26 t 19 31 9 6 I 5 17 I 22 I 128 I 13 i 51 20 128 28 30 8 78 I 24 I 37 37 29 17 3 57 22 48 32 29 40 24 15 33 31 18 11 21 10 9 3 14 14 87 9 45 25 103 21 13 2 36 16 14 14 1,081 ',1,009 733 5 17 • 21 1 17 137 124 7 30 150 1()4 18 29 86 83 10 6 20 19 3 ;) 32 30 (5 13 53 62 9 32 87 110 8 13 18 11 21 4 17 80 587 108 55 31 83 46 21 8 66 57 294 37 226 26 110 60 26 75 35 21 10 57 60 330 25 178 24 3 10 19 6 25 4 8 22 17 15 9 8 3 1 3 3 1 3 13 23 3 15 6 ; .Stragglers. 11 11 1 2 43 41 2 4 84 90 7 3 28 27 2 4 12 19 1 26 19 ') 1 2 7 2 1 160 124 24 47 2 2 ■ 58 83 .5 4 43 55 5 o 6 12 1 75 105 3 5 45 52 5 56 78 7 8 ! 76 84 10 4 2,367 2,433 213 261 64 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS ji 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Census Return of Resident and Nomadic Indians : PROVINCE OF Cengus Return . Religion. Indians. .1 a Z .2 il 1" Ba))tist. Congregation ahst. Brought forward ( )jihbe\vas of Lake Huron at : 10.6.32 143 109 221 99 342 158 156 56 125 2.7(i5 (K; 3.497 3,404 143 1 148 1 S2 1.. .. 7<> 396 Maganettawan . ^ S|)anish River, No. 1 109 1 215 76 :;:;■. • 6 23 i^ n 3 342 145 156 49 125 Mi>;si-;sMfi River 1 1 197 94 104 109 169 197 S7 79 451 367 4,132 30 16 78 29 31 49 48 138 48 57 46 129 109 82 32 88 147 362 67 114 73 63 166 (>6 95 54 18 156 154 52 ()0 ..'. "45 7t') 41 197 34 39 33 128 197 87 79 300 349 1 Whi;efish River k "826 . . . 11 . . ' 20 ]Jq1^^*. (larden River Batchawana Bay 150 8 1,495 6 2 1 10 648 ' '234' 918 Wyandottes of Anderdon Cliippewas and Saulteaiix of Treaty Xo. 3 at— Huiigrv Hall No. 1 Xo 2 •24 13 Manitou Rapid No. 1.. ,, Nr>. ^> 78 29 Long Sanlt No. 1 „ No. 2 6 7 3 3 1 " i' ■"■'■' iii 25 42 45 Couchiching Stangecoming • • ■ Niacatchewenin. • ■ . 24 47 6 % Riviere la Seine 129 3 1 '.'.'.'.' 106 Lac des Mille Lacs Kawaiagainc.t (Sturgeon Lake) Wabigofjn Frenchman's Head , Lac Senl < ;ra.ssy Narrows ... TVif Tlnllpts 81 32 1 120 303 31 9 4 25 154 5 4 19 2fi 10 66 6 25 1 9 1 83 8 33 26 39 63 13 • ■ V ■ ■ 11 52 ., No 33 . . . 3 91 54 „ Xo 34 18 1 2 3 10 153 1 1 150 Whit.'tish Bay 41 Carried forward 20.(;26 5,194 oc 4..^38 6..-)n 974 m 31 n 29 Jit ii CENSUS RETURN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Donominations to which they belong, kc. — Continued. OF OTsTARlO.—Continued. 65 Under Fkom From From From 6 TO 15 YHS., 16to20yrs., 21 TO 65 YRS., 65 TEARS \J X SaJ^JXO* INCLCSIVE INCLUSIVE. INCLUSIVE. UPWARDS. Remarks. -. x> I Methodist. Roman Catholic. *5 4 P5 § 1 2*3 o u o s Micmacs of Prince County at — Lennox Tsland (reserve) and vicinity. . . Micmacs of Kings County at— 233 68 233 • 68 Total 301 301 PROVINCE OF COWICHAN AGENCY. Sooke . . 25 46 14 104 14 22 61 66 100 4 25 46 4 67 14 22 61 66 100 4 68 114 43 12 200 Cheerno ... ::"i'" ]■ ■ . . . . I 10 37 Songhees Malakut . Panquechin Tsartlip Tsawout "26 11 "'60' 21 9 68 140 Clemclemaluts . .. . . Khenipsin Koksilah Quamiclian 54 12 293 111 29 37 68 87 18 151 54 164 13 13 59 31 28 31 2 33' Somenos 37 |.. 68 .. 87 . 18 .. 151 54 .. [ "2 w. 31 i.. 28 ... 31 1 . Hellelt . . . . 1 11 Siccameen Kulleets . . . 1 . . . .... . .. 1. . . ..1 .- Lyacksuni , Lihnalche Penelakut Tsussie 57 "164 6 13 Nanaimo Snonowas Qualicum 7 Comox Galiano Island Mayne Island Discovery Island Cowichan Lake 2 Total 1,919 57 359 1,452 51 NORTHWEST COAST ACJENCV. Haida Nation — Massett ^ 370 264 267 28 183 30 370 Skidegate 264 Nishgar Nation — Kincolith 267 28 Tjackalsap 183 Kitangata 30 1,142 637 447 ! 58 ii CENSUS RETURN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Denominations to which they belong, ifec. — Continued. EDWARD ISLAND. 73 Under 6 YEARS. From 6 TO 15 YRS., INCLUSIVE. From 16 TO 20 YRS., INCLUSIVE. From 21 to 65 YRS., INCLUSIVE. From 65 YEARS, UPWARDS. i 6 ■2 i 6 Is e •1 % •a 1 1 Remarks. 20 3 22 6 31 9 22 8 14 6 8 2 58 15 48 15 6 2 4 2 23 28 40 30 20 10 73 63 8 6 BRITISH COLUMBIA. 2 4 I '"'i' 3 6 5 ""2 8 3 "24 13 3 1 5 10 ■ "9' 4 19 '3' 2 3 4 3 3 2 10 2 2 2 13 14 "2 21 1 1 30 11 2 2 6 5 3 8 5 15 1 "■ 2 2 3 4 4 3 3 9 3 1 1 8 16 ■■■4" 13 " 30 9 3 .6 4 13 1 8 5 13 1 2 6 12 4 30 3 7 16 15 23 1 25 42 19 5 85 25 8 10 20 18 6 46 12 • 27 4 4 21 8 5 6 1 6 17 5 30 5 8 24 15 28 1 26 43 18 5 89 26 9 10 22 19 6 44 14 38 7 4 19 8 5 8 1 i '1 ""i ""2 2 2 ' "i' ""2 " 1 "'i' ""i ""z 12 1 1 6 "'"3 8 4 1 27 15 3 4 5 8 2 19 6 19 1 6 4 5 1 3 5 2 3 10 5 4 14 1 . 3 5 6 1 2 3 5 ■ '4' 7 3 2 7 4 19 r- 1 3 3 4 6 2 3 4 3 3 2 4 4 3 ■■■■4 2 171 144 175 172 81 84 514 560 5 13 33 18 19 2 18 12 32 18 18 1 17 1 28 17 21 2 18 3 27 18 20 1 18 3 24 17 14 2 14 2 24 16 12 1 13 2 88 74 76 9 38 8 87 72 76 8 35 7 13 6 1 5 1 14 8 5 1 7 102 87 89 87 73 ()8 293 285 32 36 74 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Census Return of Resident and Nomadic Indians ; PROVINCE OF BRITISH Census Return. ■ Religion. Indians. C < •s s Is ^ .A bo. 2 r- X §3 Northwest Coast Agency— Con. Brovight foward 1,142 61 134 139 718 206 225 79 69 144 262 85 115' 330 129 75 192 44 637 447 58 Nishgar Nation — Kitwintshilth CI Aiyansh.. 134 Kitlacdaniax i39 Tsimpsean Nation — Port Simpson 718 Metlakatla 206 225 Kitkatla Kitkaata 79 69 144 262 85 115 330 20 Kitsumkalum Kitsalas Ovveekayno Nation — Kitaniatt ' Kitlope China Hat Bella Bella - Oweekayno 109 Tallion Nation — Kinisquit Bella Coola Tallion . .* 40 152 44 Total 4,149 189 50 158 156 153 205 116 243 56 465 48 365 192 154 130 239 20 65 147 83 131 50 32 18 140 160 110 1,202 2,309 638 Kamloops— Okanagan Agency. Adam's Lake so' 189 Ashcrof t Bonaparte 158 Boothroyd 153 86 205 3 Boston Bar 67 1 Cook's Ferry [ Deadman's Creek 116 243 1 Kamloops Kanaka Bar r6 465 48 210 Nicomen Nicola (Lower) 155 192 154 130 239 \ 11 (Upper) Neskainlith North Thompson Okanagan Oregon Jack Creek 20 65 147 83 131 50 Penticton Little Lake Shuswap 1 Si.nilkameen (Lower) SiskaFlat 32 18 1 Skuppa Spallumcheen 140 92 110 Spuzzum 68 Cold water in'- i:i:_ Total 3,875 1,411 2,464 ii CENSUS RETURN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Denominations to which the belong, ifec. — Continued. GOIASMEIA.— Continued. 75 Undkr 6 YEARS. 102 3 11 6 74 24 12 5 8 13 13 5 11 31 6 4 10 4 332 14 3 15 13 11 15 11 20 4 36 4 24 17 13 11 14 2 4 18 10 9 4 " l' 14 13 10 310 323 15 3 14 13 10 15 11 19 3 37 4 24 16 12 10 13 2 5 17 8 8 3 1 1 14 13 10 301 From 6 TO 15 YRS. INCLUSIVE. 89 4 11 6 63 16 18 8 9 12 20 6 13 26 6 4 16 4 331 19 3 14 9 12 14 12 21 5 39 3 30 14 11 10 15 2 5 18 8 12 3 2 1 15 13 11 321 From 16 TO 20 YRS. INCLUSIVE. 4 15 4 321 19 3 14 10 13 15 11 17 4 41 5 28 14 10 11 14 2 5 16 9 11 3 3 2 14 14 10 318 43 11 11 5 4 9 17 6 9 20 7 3 9 2 246 175 68 15 6 8 19 8 3 8 2 232 From 21 TO 65 YRS., INCLUSIVE. 293 I 285 19 32 48 161 54 65 22 13 38 24 25 82 44 27 60 12 1,096 54 15 42 49 46 57 24 64 16 122 14 102 48 48 34 71 5 19 30 20 35 15 14 5 32 43 24 170 1,047 I 18 32 50 From 65 YEARS, UPWARDS. 25 59 12 1,075 52 15 44 44 47 70 27 64 15 115 14 96 48 42 30 79 5 20 30 20 36 14 9 6 31 49 24 1,047 32 162 17 51 1 64 1 21 1 12 1 38 1 76 6 23 2 23 1 81 7 43 2 Remarks. 1 3 1 92 2 2 3 2 2 3 10 2 13 ii' 7 3 2 8 1 1 1 2 6 2 1 1 2 2 94 36 101 2 3 4 2 4 4 11 2 13 13' 8 3 2 4 1 1 "2' 2 1 1 "2 2 92 76 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Census Return of Resident and Nomadic Indians ; PROVINCE OF BRITISH Census Return . Religion. Indians. ^ ! 1 1 ' Roman Catholic. Baptist. _s be t « 6p.2 O .2.2 o 1 KWAWKEWLTH AGENCY. Tsawantieneuk 228 114 98 58 56 86 28 71 24 84 96 140 36 46 71 109 228 114 . Mah-Malillikulla i Tanahtenk 98 Klawitsis 1 58 Mahtilpi 56 86 28 Xuwitti .... Kwat.sino :.::: .::.:. 71 24 84 Xahwahta ' 140' 96 Ninikish Kwawshela Wawlitsum "36 46 71 109 1 I Total 1,345 652 180 513 KOOTENAY AGENCY. St. Mary's 213 62 78 168 56 26 213 62 78 168 56 26 i ! Lower Columbia Lake .... 1 . . Kinbaskets (Shuswap Tribe) Arrow Lake \We.st Kootenay) Total 603 603 BABIXE AND UPPER SKEENA RIVER AGENCY. Kitwiingar 153 68 89 237 73 209 243 39 155 163 152 139 18 59 26 15 39 184 59 107 119 69 2.415 144 58 '2i2" ...... ^ .. .. 9 Ivitwancool 10 Kitsegukla (old and new village) Getanmax (Hazelton) Glen Vowell 71 12 15 73 '"i5 6 10 Kisgegas Kuldoe 172' 190 " 5 "155 16< 152 ] 1 19 56 34 Moricetown (Lachalsap) Hasfwilget Village 1 ■ ■ • • 1 139 Yncutee (Portage between Babine and Stuxrt Lake) 18 59 21 15 39 169 59 97 110 64 Taclu- 5 Tsisthainli (Lac Trembleur) Stuart's Lake Village Fraser s Lake "S illage Stonv Creek Village 10 5 10 9 5 Tsistlatho (Black Water) ::;::■ .:..:: Carried forward 601 266 ! 1,260 1 1 , 144 , 144 ii CENSUS BETURN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Denominations to which they belong, ifec. — Continued. COLUMBIA— ConimMfc/. 77 Under 6 YEARS. From From From From 6 TO 15 TRS., 16To20yRS., 21 TO 65 yrs., 65 TEARS, INCLUSIVE. IXCLUSIVE. INCLUSIVE. UPWARDS. i Reiuart _6 g 1 B 6 ' 5 6 -a Is S IS a5 Is j5 19 22 20 11 12 72 59 2 11 5 8 0 4 3 49 33 2 5 7 10 0 o 6 33 29 2 1 2 3 3 1 1 23 19 3 3 1 4 3 4 1 21 16 3 3 12 7 0 4 2 24 22 6 4 3 3 2 2 1 8 8 1 5 7 3 0 3 25 20 3 2 4 4 ""'i' 10 35 35 8 28 31 ■■; 3" 4 10 2 2 2 8 9 2 4 14 10 5 10 5 50 41 1 4 5 2 3 1 1 11 11 1 1 6 1 5 3 1 18 12 6 1 7 1 2 2 28 24 1 5 7 14 1 9 3 2 28 31 5 5 101 87 84 71 51 3 470 392 29 57 31 19 20 17 10 8 45 49 j 7 7 4 3 2 10 2 17 18 2 4 6 9 8 9 2 3 17 18 3 ! 3 12 19 17 13 9 8 43 42 4 1 10 4 9 3 1 9 13 5 2 2 1 3 4 . 8 8 65 55 59 56 23 20 139 148 21 17 7 8 12 12 7 8 45 46 4 4 6 6 7 8 3 4 16 16 1 1 1 8 8 7 6 5 21 21 3 3 7 / 15 21 14 16 74 75 4 4 6 7 9 11 2 1 17 18 1 1 7 6 22 : 23 7 7 64 65 3 5 10 10 22 1 21 11 11 71 72 7 1 8 3 a 4 1 4 2 1 7 9 2 ! 2 8 9 13 1 12 ( 8 46 46 3 3 10 11 12 1 13 8 7 46 47 5 4 8 7 14 i 13 8 9 45 46 ] 1 7 8 14 15 7 < 40 40 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 4 3 4 5 6 7 4 3 13 12 2 3 3 2 4 3 3 2 5 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 4 2 3 4 3 3 9 10 11 1 7 8 17 18 8 7 56 55 4 4 4 4 7 8 6 0 11 12 1 1 5 5 9 10 9 10 29 27 1 2 5 4 11 13 7 6 35 36 1 1 3 3 7 6 4 4 21 21 122 128 222 231 128 126 680 686 44 48 78 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN A FFAIBS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1 904 Census Return of Resident and Nomadic Indians ; PROVINCE OF BRITISH > Census Return. Religion. Indians. "5, < .1 1 1 |a •! f§ 1 m a 'S bo. 2 O 5i2 o ^ PQ u a bo BABINE AND UPPER SKEENA RIVER AGENCY— Con. 2,415 95 96 123 154 46 601 266 1,260 144 6 10 6 4 7 144 89 86 115 146 39 Fort (xrahame (Nomadic) 2 4 Na-anees (two bands north of Connolly Lake (semi-nomadic) Stella Total 2,929 601 272 1,735 i . . . . 177 144 WILLIAMS LAKE .\GENCT. 63 159 223 67 109 161 34 15 46 17 200 52 83 62 7 68 71 72 1 35 53 81 108 63 153 2,003 63 159 223 67 109 161 34 Cayoosh Creek No. 1 No. 2. ... 15 46 17 200 52 83 62 1 • -y- H)Rh Bar 1 No. 2 Pavilion Quesnel 68 71 72 1 35 53 81 108 63 153 ., Enias No. 2 1. Schloss No 5 Toosey 1 ] 22 1,981 WKST COAST AGE.NCY. 277 243 105 100 152 160 42 69 297 63 169 210 2 112 58 _ 275 11 120 47 3 97 67 85 Hesquiaht ieo 7 7 157 21 82 35 9 53 Kyuquot Matchitlaht . . 140 42 'i29' 87 81 Carried forward 1,887 67 1.52 606 1,062 ii CENSUS RETURN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Denominations to which they belong, kc. — Continued. BRITISH COLUMBIA— Conanuerf. 79 Under 6 YEAKS. From From i From From 6 TO 15 Yiis.,i INCLUSIVE. 1 16to20yrs., inclusive. 21 T0 65 YRS., INCLUSIVE, i 65 YE.VR.S UPWARDS. i Kemaiks. « 1 § 1 P^ _a3 _q3 S p^ a3 122 128 222 1 231 ' 128 126 680 686 44 i 48 6 6 13 12 ♦t 9 20 20 6 7 10 10 0 6 25 25 1 i (5 6 9 10 11 12 34 33 1 1 9 8 13 14 1 9 9 43 43 4 2 3 4 6 6 3 : 3 10 10 1 152 159 273 283 ] 165 165 812 817 51 .52 6 6 4 4 5 5 14 14 3 2 19 18 8 8 11 15 33 36 5 6 31 17 12 10 14 17 44 40 20 18 7 6 3 3 7 ! 5 18 16 1 1 13 14 0 4 9 7 27 25 2 3 15 15 7 6 16 17 34 37 4 10 3 3 2 2 5 4 7 4 2 1 2 3 1 2 5 2 2 4 4 3 2 5 1 5 9 10 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 3 2 1 1 20 22 6 10 18 18 45 49 7 5 6 6 4 3 3 6 0 10 8 1 6 6 3 4 5 7 24 24 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 1 4 20 18 2 2 1 I 2 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 5 2 4 7 1 8 14 18 3 2 8 6 4 3 5 6 15 14 o o 8 10 6 2 6 4 " 3 20 1 7 11 2 3 4 1 4 2 1 3 8 2 i 6 5 3 2 5 3 13 13 2 ; 1 9 8 3 3 4 6 20 23 2 1 3 13 16 2 4 8 9 25 27 3 1 9 10 4 3 5 6 13 10 2 1 15 15 6 8 8 10 40 39 7 5 1 218 204 96 89 160 169 452 451 87 77 26 25 33 22 5 5 69 71 1 f 11 10 14 16 15 20 10 , 8 67 76 7 10 8 12 11 9 2 4 26 24 7 ; 2 12 9 0 10 4 1 27 28 2 2 10 17 17 15 4 2 40 36 3 8 20 10 21 12 2 5 39 41 3 7 3 3 1 5 1 1 10 15 2 1 3 6 6 4 3 4 17 19 3 4 17 15 I 20 15 5 12 90 108 12 3 5 1 4 1 3 3 2 21 21 2 1 8 I 4 1 15 9 4 5 54 60 3 7 . 15 141 17 12 26 .5 6 .52 62 s 7 , 138 1 1.57 . 150 48 55 .512 561 i 63 ()2 80 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Census Return of Resident and Nomadic Indians ; PROVINCE OF BRITISH Census Return . Religion. Indians. i '3d < s •r t 2 to o % 1 1s i a .0 be 0 PI u fi 1 0 i Ph WEST COAST AGENCY— Con. 1 1,887 74 156 63 55 22 130 1 67 i 152 606 24 1,062 50 86 50 70 2 11 55 5 i .... 81 1... 17 49 Total 2,387 289 152 632 1,314 KRASER RIVER AGENCY. 7 30 102 110 72 25 76 27 52 88 86 79 45 16 39 175 97 46 65 16 57 258 14 30 236 51 51 14 30 104 41 27 101 98 74 34 22 ; 44 1 26 35 46 49 43 2,738 7 1 30 101 105 72 25 76 27 .52 88 83 79 24 16 39 175 84 46 65 16 45 258 1 5 1 Douglas Homalko 2 1 Kapilano 21 10 3 New Westminstex- 9 3 14 30 236 23 51 12 30 104 20 8 97 98 74 7 22 32 23 33 46 10 19 Sechelt "'2S' 2 "lO "4 11 19 SWwnli "27 "3' Skwawahlooks Seymour Creek 9 3 2 " " 6 ! "39' 18 Carried forward 52 j 1.53 2,481 52 ii CENSUS RETURN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Denominations to which they belong, &c. — Continued. G01.\jyiBlX.— Continued. 81 Unoer 6 YEARS. From From From From 6 TO 15 YES., 16 to 20yrs., 21 TO 65 yrs. , 65 ye.\rs INCLCSIVE. INCLUSIVE. INCLUSIVE. UPWARDS. 1 1 Remarks. ^ a5 1 6 "s ,2 a3 % g § § ^ j r^ 141 138 157 150 48 55 512 561 63 62 4 4 1 3 2; 4 29 23 3 1 13 12 14 18 2 i 4 41 46 3 3 7 7 7 4 2 1 2 12 20 1 1 0 2 8 5 1 12 15 3 4 2 3 1 i 2 4 5 3 2 8 "9' 19 "i7 3 5 23 32 13 1 180 172 209 197 59 72 633 702 89 74 3 10 3 9 1 1 ""2 "1' "3 ■4 1 12 12 10 9 ••••g-, •■■j^ 20 19 " '2 2 19 12 3 3 5 2 29 30 5 2 11 7 8 G 2 1 2 15 15 2 4 K 3 4 3 6 3 • 6 1 1 3 5 22 5 25 5 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 3 1 5 16 7 16 3 2 3 2 3 ""4 "i' 12 14 7 8 4 3 19 19 1 1 f) 5 7 6 3 3 26 27 2 1 8 15 5 5 1 21 20 2 2 3 3 1 2 1 15 15 2 2 2 1 1 1 5 4 2 4 2 2 ■ ■'2 1 .... 11 11 ""3 3 34 23 15 10 6 0 36 40 2 1 7 7 9 9 7 i 6 20 20 8 4 R 6 6 6 1 1 1 8 8 2 2 8 8 4 4 5 i 3 16 15 1 1 2 1 6 1 3 2 7 1 4 17 5 14 "2 1 7 ;".;::;j""i' 27 38 28 21 9 ! 7 60 60 4 "4' 3 4 1 1 1 2 3 2 i 3 "■■3 1 ! 1 9 8 "i ' 1" 36 33 16 16 13 9 52 50 5 6 4 5 2 2 1 2 16 14 4 1 5 7 7 5 3 1 9 10 1 3 1 1 1 3 3 5 2 6 10 2 13 2 11 8 19 8 15 ... ^ 7 ""1 4 19 ""6 3 3 4 2 ■ '4 1 9 9 3 3 3 1 8 '9 2 14 7 23 9 18 5 3 ...^. 11 "'5' " 6 12 9 10 10 2 2 22 20 4 7 10 8 6 9 4 i 5 12 14 4 2 2 4 3 3 1 1 9 9 1 1 1 5 3 1 6 4 1 1 2 3 2 4 6 3 2 6 2 1 2 13 8 7 12 8 6 3 ""i' 1 ""i' 4 ....^. ""i' 7 3 6 3 3 8 9 4 3 5 7 4 5 ""'2' 2 11 10 1 2 5 5 3 7 1 9 10 2 1 325 299 230 229 101 95 645 638 94 82 27— ii— 6 82 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIBS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Census Return of Kesident and Nomadic Indians '> PROVINCE OF BRITISH Census Religion. Indians. o 1o ^ Return . .2 •tf o 1 i ■1 o s "-S 6« § C3 < Ph P^ 03 O ^ P^ FR.\SER RIVER AGENCY— Con. Brought forward 2,738 m 153 2,481 52 23 26 23 22 Yukkweakwioofie Yale 4 85 20 65 2,872 72 157 2,591 52 PROVINCE OF Chippewas and Crees of Treaty No. 1 at : — Rosseau River including rapids 217 113 112 1,119 170 488 274 83 1 ... 134 113 Swan Lake and Indian Gardens at Ham- 1 112 St. Peter's 880 125 226 17 120 23 250 243 75 24 20 22 12 .Sandy Bay 14 Total Treaty No 1 2,493 158 110 50 190 112 148 52 73 1,248 719 75 24 427 126 32 Chippewas and Crees of Treaty No. 2 at : — 18 • 4 155 76 94 11 68 38 34 ■36 25 24 Ebb and Flow Lake 8 Fairford 1 Lake St. Martin Crane River 29 7 73 34 Total, Treaty No. 2 735 358 1 220 61 .... 96 Chippewas, Saulteaux and Crees of Treaty No. 3 at Buffalo Bay 35 35 Chippewas, Saulteaux and Crees of Treaty No. .5, at : — Black River 62 105 57 381 68 300 150 550 328 137 2,138 62 52 * 68 18 35 57 381 Jackhead River Berens River 281 150 550 303 19 '25' .. .. 137 1 Carried forward 182 1,665 62 ! 229 ii CE2^SUS RETURN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Denominations to which they belong, kc. — Continued. COLUMBIA.— Conctorferf. 83 MANITOBA. Under 6 TE.4RS. From G TO 15 i'RS., INCLUSIVE. From From 16 TO 20 YES., 21 TO 65 yrs., INCLUSIVE. INCLUSIVE. From 65 YEARS, UPWARDS. 6^ g S .2 fa Is S a3 Is S Remarks. 325 2 "3 299 1 3 5 308 230 1 2 7 240 229 1 2 10 242 101 95 1 2 3 645 7 20 638 7 6 24 94 1 1 9 82 1 3 2 330 103 101 680 675 105 88 19 8 24 6 6 125 13 53 24 24 10 9 119 14 36 37 16 5 14 100 13 35 32 10 7 4 60 8 25 20 7 2 4 56 18 18 19 54 33 30 280 49 125 52 62 42 35 256 39 132 54 1 • 10 115 16 2 6 60 26 2 5 2 5 254 251 249 215 134 124 623 620 10 13 8 10 20 12 7 8 33 40 8 12 8 3 21 11 15 8 12 5 3 18 11 18 2 5 15 7 15 11 24 6 7 13 6 21 8 13 1 9 8 2 10 8 4 4 4 8 1 16 7 4 7 2 22 13 45 27 34 11 18 25 13 41 26 30 12 16 3 1 3 ' "3' 1 3 1 " '3 3 78 62 85 71 40 45 170 163 11 10 3 1 1 1 4 3 10 9 3 4 12 5 34 5 30 18 38 36 14 8 12 2 45 8 35 9 58 40 10 6 11 8 42 9 39 25 53 32 23 5 5 2 39 6 43 8 64 33 10 ~ 5 5 5 30 6 35 12 36 20 16 3 5 6 26 4 10 14 31 18 5 7 17 9 80 13 55 25 104 64 26 13 19 17 77 15 45 33 138 70 27 7 10 3 6 1 6 2 18 5 4 9 ""2 1 2 4 10 10 4 196 227 248 215 170 122 400 454 60 i 46 27— ii— 6| 84 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Census Return of Resident and Nomadic Indians PROVINCE OF Cen.sus R«tum . Religion. Indians. s < o 1 Roman Catholic. 09 .2 le s , o £'^ a S.5 O 1 Brought forward 2,138 113 108 160 134 426 6.5 112 138 "ios' 159 133 400 65 1,665 62 229 Chippewas, Saulteaux and Crees of Treaty No. 5, at •.—Concluded. Pekangekum 113 Grand Rapids (Crees and Saulteaux). . . . Chemewawin (Crees) 1 Moose Lake (Crees and Saulteaux) 1 The Pas 10 16 Shoal Lake (Crees) Red Earth „ 68 142 44 Cumberland .. ; 152 10 Total, Treaty No. 5 3,408 1,257 1,665 82 16 1 .S88 NORTH-WEST Treaty No. 4. BIKTLE AGENCY. Keeseekoowenin 133 163 85 16 102 65 248 68 10 ■■■76' 1 92 55 29 4 41 38 35 12 4 Way wayseecapix) 70 Valley River 21 Gambler . . . . Rolling River 16 .::::: 82 Bird Tail (Sioux) Oak River „ Oak Lake m 55 3 28 • 1 9 175 39 Turtle Mountain (Sioux) 10 Total 890 71 282 j 1 130 406 PELLT AGENCY. Cote *Keys ^ 253 74 146 1 31 15 161 1 16 23 6 66 68 36 Keeseekouse 49 Total 473 47 178 95 1.53 MOOSE MOUNTAIN AGENCY. W^hite Bear 201 1 42 22 136 CROOKED LAKE AGENCY. Ochapowace 111 109 167 176 2 5 5 4 9 16 18 13 20 22 137 18 80 Kahkewistahaw '. 66 Cowessess 7 Sakimay Leech Lake (Little Bone's) 139 Total 563 16 .58 197 292 1 146 of these Indians have beeen transferred to Shoal River in the Lake Manitoba inspectorate. ii CENSUS RETURN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Denominations to which they belong, ttc. — Continued. MANITOBA— Oonc^Jtdeci. 85 Under 6 TEARS. From From From From 6 TO 15 TRS., 16to20yrs., 21 TO 65 YRS., 65 YEARS INCLUSIVE. INCLUSIVE. INCLUSIVE. UPWARDS. Remarks. .2 s ji "S § 1 1 "a B 196 227 248 215 170 122 400 454 60 46 8 12 11 20 13 16 18 7 12 13 15 11 4 13 7 3 20 18 37 25 25 45 8 17 1 2 10 17 13 12 6 7 29 33 1 6 36 44 43 39 30 25 86 106 8 9 5 4 11 7 0 6 13 11 2 1 8 1 12 14 15 3 4 28 23 3 9 5 14 17 24 4 6 34 40 1 7 293 .361 393 344 248 193 665 762 76 73 TERRITORIES. 7 9 16 20 7 4 23 40 4 3 17 12 21 17 4 9 34 44 3 2 3 11 9 13 3 2 18 23 1 2 1 2 2 1 4 6 7 6 11 7 5 2 29 31 2 2 3 4 6 6 1 4 15 20 3 3 11 11 28 32 10 9 63 65 7 12 4 4 7 7 2 3 18 16 4 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 53 59 102 103 33 34 206 247 25 28 22 28 38 28 13 8 51 56 4 5 4 8 9 10 3 17 20 1 2 13 17 16 17 6 2 29 39 4 3 39 53 63 55 19 13 97 115 9 10 19 18 21 13 10 6 50 57 1 6 12 9 11 8 1 2 31 35 2 8 4 9 15 2 2 28 35 3 3 8 23 21 20 4 7 35 47 2 23 22 20 12 6 4 36 47 4 2 Unoccupied. 51 58 61 55 13 15 130 164 7 9 86 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. ■i904 Census Return of Resident and Nomadic Indians ; NORTH-WEST Census Return. Religion. Indians. J 'bo s < c .3 1 ■J-. •5 0 "S p5 tip C " 5 *^ i ASSINIBOINE AGENCY. Carr J -the-Kettle 211 110 33 25 1 153 Siour. at Moosejaw (non-treaty) 3 106" Total I 321 36 26 259 qu'appelle agency. Piapot Standing Buffalo (Sioux) Pasquah Muscowpetung Pee-pee-keesis Okanase 145 212 134 90 79 67 41 63 "4 ""2 28 "20 20 6 14 1 7 88 97 81 11 44 20 6 25 29 111 33 ..... 57 29 33 Star Blanket .. 34 Little Black Bear 31 Total 831 6 96 372 357 TOUCHWOOD HILLS AGENCY. Yellow Quill 298 65 164 75 100 139 1 1 296 Xinistino 65 George Gordon 112 12 40 Day Star 75 Poor Man 3 7 77 90 Muscowequan 62 1 Total 841 116 97 628 Pine Creek . 183 165 4,468 2 119 181 15 Shoal River (including Steep Rock Point, Swan Lake, Dog Island, Dawson Bay, \ mile west of Shoal River) 31 Total, Treaty No. 4 378 692 1 1,135 2,262 Treaty No. 6. DUCK LAKE AGENCY. 101 27 134 133 211 6 3 "130 193 64 22 89 3 31 Okemasis "l6 2 Beardy 2fJ John Smith 18 Total 606 332 16 178 80 ii CEXSUS RETURN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Denominations to which they belong, &c. — Continued. TERRITORIES— Co/iimucc/. 87 Under 6 From From From From fi TO 15 YRS., 16 TO 20 YRS., 21 TO 65 YRS., 65 YEARS INCLUSIV% INCLUSIVE. INCLUSIVE. UPWARDS. Remarks. 0) 6 0 * 6 1. "3 cS S li ! g S P^: g r^ % r=^ § f^ § r^ 15 19 14 11 18 19 43 53 7 12 19 14 11 18 15 19 43 53 7 12 16 11 8 6 11 6 29 46 6 6 23 22 17 ! 19 6 7 44 56 10 S 8 14 8 17 3 4 28 39 2 11 9 13 6 4 4 4 16 26 6 2 4 3 3 9 3 4 27 20 2 4 2 11 11 9 2 1 12 13 3 3 4 5 3 5 3 2 7 7 2 3 2 6 85 5 11 1 33 1 29 18 181 17 2 68 61 80 224 33 37 30 24 35 33 25 15 .53 62 10 11 10 7 6 7 1 4 13 14 1 2 18 16 11 i 9 9 6 44 36 7 8 6 9 8 7 4 1 15 16 3 6 12 • 20 3 7 2 3 22 23 3 5 12 13 89 30 14 77 7 8 12 34 .32 2 5 88 70 49 41 181 183 26 37 16 21 23 12 9 30 34 5 3 20 15 10 21 6 4 32 37 6 14 369 426 430 i 431 193 170 950 1,114 119 156 9 1 23 8 9 5 15 26 2 3 2 4 16 1 11 2 15 7 28 11 34 ....^. ' "l' 16 3 8 14 13 15 12 6 9 32 29 2 1 20 22 25 21 11 10 46 47 6 3 61 56 75 58 29 32 128 147 12 8 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Census Return of Resident and Nomadic Indians ; NORTH-WEST Census Return. Religion. Indians. i a < 1 ''5 0 Oi 1 '-3 i be. 5 0 , 00 .2.2 Offl II 0 f2 CARLTON AGENCV. William Twatt 145 85 127 ■ 208 76 103 56 376 103 476 165 16 2 4 190 6 56 5 132 "457- 162 6 3 79 4 5 80 43 10 60 18 1 244 ii« Petequakey Mistawasis Ahtahkakoop 4 Kapahawekenuni 10 Kenemotayoo 29 Pelican Lake Indians 50 Pelican Narrows Wahspaton (Sioux, non-treaty) 33 70 James Roberts (Lac la Ronge) ....*. 19 3 William Charles (Montreal Lake) Total 1,920 1,031 125 483 281 HOBBE.MA AGENCY. Samson 332 155 75 45 220 "63 14 107 153 8 5 Ermineskin 2 Louis Bull 6 Montana (Little Bear) 23 Total 607 297 274 36 BATTLEF01U1 AGENCY. Mosquito 1 73 153 84 108 106 108 133 765 6 106 30 4 38 17 46 6 40 40 99 41 36 56 • 61 Lean Man J 7 Sweet Grass 14 5 Little Pine and Lucky Man 27 55 Thunderchild 31 Total. 247 318 200 ONION LAKE AGENCY. Seekaskootch 257 19 96 92 31 122 256 873 58 18 9 28 6 2 128 1 80 44 25 120 256 71 Sweet Grass (attached) Weemisticooseahwasis 7 Ooneepowhayo 20 Puskeeahkeewein Keeheewin Kinoosayo (Chipewyan) 1 Total 121 654 98 ' ii CENSUS RETURN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Denominations to which they bt.ong, kc. — Continued. TERRITORIES— Con^ (M o eo o T-t^^S • t^ ■* cq jq •*< (M«D -co ■>». •c:o»-'to * ©OOOO^HOOOOOOOOOOO — OOOOOOCvlOO 2S£2 2'~ — ®®'^i*®®'-'C:Otob-iCOOO©o-^Cir: « CI r^ c ri i; t^ (M t^ ■^ e\i 0t-f*oiMmcciX'*"ioO'*o ir^as Tf© © X IS t-(N cc Sgi-((MOO - ■©« --^(M •Tto©©o«T-i©L-x!M©m irf (m' r-Tr-T i-Ti-T I -*l lO Ot >— I I-H 1 ^ r bC j^- .2 X oi r •? .£ fee 'Jr. S'H bp 3; c.'S'S C ^ 0! f^.^ £i^ 2 CS is -H >.^ s.s -o > •i t- 35 ^ s t- Wl^-< r^^^ '£--i-5i-^ "is ^ - -a .£ 5b ' 3 BSoS ii AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 103 CC O N 6C < ■5->-- O be ».~ ■M O O QC O O C i-l 00 o I— o -M^^rc c^ ci_ X O ■ Ci 00 S^-*c 3 104 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 'sj'Bog •squi^fj •daat^S •JfOO^g O JSuno^ •qoiiH 'SAVOQ •gjaa^g •jjaOAV 'uexQ •siina pun saini^ •S9a'BI/\[ •s3uipi9i) pUB SUOl^B^g «i lO IC ^ lO o O i-H (>) IC N tH ^ ioooi0 • •© -N 05(Mi-l • CO t- -l!MC<5MC<)50©©T).cO >0 (M iMin >H rt< c<5 00 (N i-J N »0 (N ■* coic©»nioc~.ocox©t-co't(M-tiinmooc^05r-'iO'<»> : : : :::::• :::::•:::.£ a) . ! ; TT <;:::.::::: ::::::.;: -J 9.^ C3 Is a3.£ c ^ Pic/: t^ $ t- s-a =« - - O C5pH;zi^a}OS^c2H.x(i-OE-ih:)U.:^ t- in cc c S'l 1-1 Tt< -r • ino5 • -r). ■-*< eo "3 3^ t; -?^ ^ ^hC"""""'""'""" -^5 ..S? --S S 2 > 3 g S i-.S 106 CO Q •^ I— I O >^ H «! 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I— C 2 c c a. a 1 1 9 Pi c i •1 C 2 ,0 s c 1 AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 1002 ■ — 1--. — \ ■^ ©OOC^COOOOOOt-hO o o 1- o u- c t^ o = o L- o w ^ :£ o •^ -^ ^ ^ 10 :i c o •*■ t^ -f C' -r -o ~ c; o c o o ;:; t^ ^:o©c>rioini 5 o = £ s 122 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRES ii ' 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 < 1 < > •SO'^ 'sguin^.ttQ - - '-' N (M iH •ani'BJj 'sSaina-ttQ; X .— 55 CD " ~ ?i c: t^ c; 1:^ in © b- 1~ eo t-- ,-^^t-H,-4(N(MC<5rH5q •auo^g 'sSai^pAVQ •peoua^q^ sajoy \ 1 ""1 Oioo©>oo:coxo .-lCpr-X.-»Oi-iOCCX •S8UJ3j[ : 1 1-1 ■ •sSaip^ina; a8X|!»o tr.n GC - C5 --^ ■ •spaqt^ SutAUQ ^4 1-* •sasnojj looqog w rt lil " ~ r-^ t-l 1-1 W ■sasnoH iioanoQ c-i SO • •saqo.inqQ -■- t^ i-H 1-1 .-li-li-i r-l • < •aSB -jnisTJcl apBiu 2ui -pupni 'pa^'BAinfiQ o < o C<1 X loe-^xcoiHOCi-i© OrtX — ICTIX^I^ iM ,-1 ^ -J Suipnpm 'pajBa^Q to ^2 in CO ^ i CtCrHt^lOCOXSiM (M C<1 i-J r-- rJ -* us •JD Z; !/ t i 1 h £ < - c i '^ c I— t; s~ e« J 'E < 5 < o > a. ^ T y X 1^ a -S J c 1 i > c c _£ > c c ) s x 2 > ii AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 123 IM (M c r: o; i-i t~ O X c5 o * ^ bccc ^ s o g & ■■ c i \t: X bo-i: ^h-5 ?^«W - 5Po ,. ^ cS i « iC 3 !- 5 -k; u. w 126 < 7: H ^ a: (J ;^ < 'A 1— ( O C/J >H P fH P 1-4 1— 1 < O p Of !2; W -fli CL, DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 ■a •s^saqo loox •satnqo'Bj^ ■^TUK Sniuj'B j^ S8>l'B'JJ 9SJ0JJ •sjacl'Ba^ s.ieAioj\[ •sjanoy^ pu^T; •sjo:>'BAHP3 ■siiHa p3^s •SAV(jaJ13JJ •sqSnoij S>1 cc o ^ C5 c. ? -, <:5::::; - '5 = " - — ^Q ^ 2 "S-3 y. -2 .—1 •= C y- ^ ,*; >; '- fe 'ip."t=|-|-^ 5 •II £5 'iJ-ssOc u <5.^> ii AdRICULTUKAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 127 o 1^1 ■* ^ M •*■ O l^ 'M X -^ t^ » Ci ?^ -^ i-( K-2 OhJ ?^ ^ ^ K> >-^ f^ P5 bo ®!5 = M o >-. -§ ^ « c; 2 £: 128 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS •sapina^ put; ^BJOOU18(J •SUIAIJ(J •jqSn'BJQ 'sqSiaig •S^-IBQ •SUOS'B^ •s^uauiajdui]; 3^ EDWARD VII., A. 1904 >©OiCOOCO©0 bo <5 iM re C5 X CO o 2 i S 3"^ -r^ ii AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 o »n t^ T- X -f 50 iM : o • 3c " 1 > o s ? ■5 i 1 'ency 27— ii— 9 i- X X > ' - '^ ^ o -£ u - o : 5? s IS y?. PC < I" -S a - '- j^ 130 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 •sfiuieq; •(latiqg •jfoo^g Sunoj^ •qoijixj 's.uoQ •sjaacfg •>lJOAV '«axo I 1 •saj-Bj^ •sSuippf) puij siioin'B^g (M m nC^r-(rHC5rHTf bo < ^ ^ 1 ;:^ « i _s 132 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS n 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 *« O p-( El 32 l-H % H <^ l-H 03 H CO I— I ft Iz; 1-5 < H Q ;^ 11 ■f. < O ■S90UBQ '- . 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X .-< o; X .,-1^1 > C^ ~ X o ~ ^ , ~. ic JO it: ■* r- ; CC ?7 •* I-l O ■* -:f S<1 X X i 1 § ^ c C ; : c8 — :q §>C Op be So' 3 ®. ^c3 S"^. 3 be 134 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 ^'O SPh ec t^ t^ oco^cQceooooo o o © -f '- o C' r s o c o © ci if: o © cc c c .- r. o o o © © tc © t^ X X — . i- ■-. © »n cc © i-<^-j;_^©^c^©_^x__©__-r_cc_.-t_© "T 00 irT c^ M H h3 ft ©© ©©© ©© ©©©©©©©©©©© ©©©©»;; ic ©©in©©' OCiiO©00t~(M50X©lt: I-H-Hin r-l(N >— ?0 « Tf •s?u»x •sd^ajj laaiS © >ft •s!»9n; •sunf) ioqg •S9B!H »A O -i-i Tf4 CO © © © ©i»» • © :C XO -f 1ft ®„'^'~t'~^ 5 c © © © © >©©© c © Tf ri © CO 1ft -* >t^ ■ 00 o; © CO I i-H ■ © CO IM •* It- - -t N © ,-1 -*l IM t- © © © -t< t^ ^ r-KM 1ft ^ © X t-© l-H ,-( ri S<1 CO CO -^ 5. N CO -*< IN ■* ^ '71 CO -rt" X Tf © © -f © rH X X X © -*■ X Tf X © t^ 1ft. CO ^ CO -^ © r- ; 6c c a So be s » _< g o iS a ' " Z V S »r^^^ ic S § I r- >: £■ >■- g S S'-^ S * c : <3 J- -== "^ t- i 136 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 sjaqsng • UA^OJ^' Srijoy C5 •pa^saAaujj spqsng •UiVOg S9J0Y •pajsaAj^g spqsng •UAiOg S8J0V •pa^saAaujj siaqsng ;3 '*' I 1-1 o o I •UMOg saaoy •pe^SSAJ'BJJ spqsng ceo w •UAiog sajoy iM(Ni-i»neo — . a; "S c — c "5 c 2-5 >> s -'' * ^ - tea u o (^^ :'|.1'<:.= 5'"i i-l 5.? c^S ^-^ ii AGRICULTURAL AXD INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 137 O O £ 1^ ^ f i ■^ -^ ^^ CO s: 05 N lO o o cc 5.. j C 5 £ i ^5 S S =-^ ic C-r i; oi - 2C ci -!• »^ .. E ^ c t ^ "^ II 138 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. i904 g o I O H m I— I H <{ H QQ h^ HH H Q M Q 5z; Hi < »^ o o a: < Pi P H 1-2 t3 Q ^ •UAvog sa.ioy •pa!)S8AJ'BJJ spiisng •uMOg sajoy •pr)}S8AJ'BJJ spqsna •UiWog sajoy •p3^S3A.lBJJ spqsng •UAvog sajDy •pa^saA.rejj •TiMog saioy QOM tH < a >, C-l CO • C<) ^ ooe ffl rH lO M -* iC « 5"? >>S s ® bo == be Oi.t r = . .^ S r -u -T" 3 C ? tr. * ?:! 3 P„C C •^ C 13 = ii -^S X c ii AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 13.9 5 QCCO CC i% © o o o S X t^ -r X s-i in i~ I - .— o n • O X -■ <— S • * iC •^ o o c • c: ?" ri ^ j^ — j^ I w s cc » — n « »- -H-i I OS iX o to u ft £ >C>2 -=o - - -»=e£,Qkf- i S a- -^ "a -S 1; . = ; ^ cT^ ?^F 5 df^" .£ &,5e ^ s be' £p>. .- 3- * * Q S- ^-5 cS il v3 < 140 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 ^ 1 1— 1 ^ 03 M H •<1 UJ f^ t) 02 (15 HH t) ft ;z; & <^ O i— 1 <1 •p.j.')UHj£ puv^; •iwHo.if[ poB'-j; •pAiBaiQ pu'B'j •j^ppij^^ .i-jqio ■PILVV 5-- I •pa^'BAt^piQ S p^ ■pa^sa.vaBjj •UA'ot^ saaoy •pa^saAa'BH •UAvo^ ^rtjoy M o 10-9< ■— >i < *3 'C' '" ■'' v: I e S a z C50 ^5r ii AGRICULTUBAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 141 " ■ u *, 1 1 - ,^ la oc c 1 '^'" :j?^ |3c : 11 CI 1 1^ ■l-Hl-l ec © S 3C 1 • -JO : ; '^ N In to CO r- ' aa '■■\s : 1 : 1 ri JM o 1 o !S ■ '-s 'S « 1 S ^ : '. lit : i • 1 1 -♦M e. © 1 rH : 55 1 -^ 1 1 -Rl-pl . . © ■* 1 _ 1 i r < £ o O > > 5 > c. c ! 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I -^ M « NCO 6 O :'0 5 : - a c - - S cs .2' C :S v: i S s ^b-■ 2i :Qi- 144 ■^ DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 C^ — ' 1 CC 1 r , rr) o H -: ■Jj ~ < H ^ 2i < O ^ >* £-1 hJ r a: z ^ ^-« .2j O l-H ^ tf <1 ;:? :c <—■ • — - r "^ •r c-l '<^ J P2 ^ ci w 5P sc.: bo "^S^ - > C u _ ! u c o o«c IS ec t^ c t^-3< cc 1 c sc iCO j^. «lIiK •sasiioji !too}j o c: o c OOOOirtiOOC O ■^ tC O CV (M CO I- -r 1^ i-i t^-^ Q ■-5£ c ^«i X TT vU. ca ^ flj .— ' C- V s - S.2^5.2 i^ 1-3 5.2 s.Si S AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS 14& SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 .- O Ct-i o © © cc ir: lO t^ © I— I o c: T-H lo © m >— I © © © © © o o o © © © © lO ©©©©©©© ©©©©©©© © © © as ic © © © ic tn 50 © © lo ^5 ^ ir; t^'v © ^ © ©©© CO r-i T--_:s ffi 'A 60 g O 35 P 60 Oi-:i c - - 60 6D - a -Jo 'Jl c o- 60 = M it; £ 3 6c c>.^ S-kC,^ o^';8 27— ii— 10 ., PL| cS 0) OJ -^ ® 5 Ih" to 146 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 •^ rn o t-( H W H »— 1 H S < O n H "A UJ 1— 1 >.1 Ph <5 u w tf ^ H l-i r/J -< P p> O o !zi ^ H-( ^ » ^ H^ s u p s z o t; 2J o 7. „ ix: —4 ' ^ ■ ui •J. — . '^ ^ |J- X — =" U^ .^ — • >i s: o ' Sx s^ 2 '^ c fe S o - -5 c l-Tr-T o o C: no lO cr in 'M C<5 l--t" rt 1-1 ^1 1— o o o to M o C5 t^ lO I- "M C^ rf I- o o OC i = © o I c; t-irf~ C<5 2 i .= ^ o o o o o o o o © o © © © © in ©©oo © ©o © ® © © © ■^ CO rHO ©^o 5_^S ©^^-^ 1-^ ^^5^n zi so©©©©©©©©© . ir: — 1^ t^ cc T t5£ =-i>>?-^r^5i^ disss': -^ccf ^O'ffiKoui^-tjtf^J^^^C) ii AGBICULTURAL AXD INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 147 o _ o 55 in . X -^ : '■ f Si - ^ P >-• 27- be i' S ? ^^ < — t'S:^ scOp -.^■^ a S £ S j; "? s i ^ i= P s = '-H -ii- 101 o tio 148 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 -J z c ■So'i 'sSui|p.\\f[ © i-H o t^ lO ^ •«>< iM •* 00 :r. 1-1 ,-1 T-l i-H 1— 1 r-i Xr-^ l-H X © • © ©X IC © CO 2 O © W •amuaj 's^SuinaAVQ :'"':: ^ CO -f ~ o PiuvATE Fencing an •Jioug 'sSni^jaMQ •auo^g 'sSuina-wQ /• •pdoua^ saaoy cot^'M?io©©:r:©co©iooco — i:;©c:cM ©^ -S< ©'r-Ti-T TjT 1-1 lO ^ z 33 < 022 •S8I.ia8^ ■ >-t • '"' •sSaipimg Jaq^^Q • CC -^ IM • rH 5<).-i '-' i-i ^N IM • s z"^ 3 ,, •spaqg SuiAUQ :<5 (MCO iH T-l © 1-1 •sasnojj looqog TJ-IMM • ■ l-H l-H -* iH r-J COM rHCO T-(N n ^1 Ph •sasnojj ^louuoQ •S8ll0jni{Q ,-. TfCC ?-1 • • :towc;--£c:'*;~f — r— ' c'-f ri x'~l-^:^^c^'-^^ i 1 en L- -r ^ Ji |£ r- t--^^©t^Tf. • © iHi -f tr © t- I,- u ^ ^ ■ x'— ' © -r'.-' CO § CiO <5 ! g^ c o t H -1 i j 1 : O r 1 h '3' -fl 5 -l <5 B -f s §.? = HfCP H C i -1 r - 2'^ L _ - 1- 55 c E- ii AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 •squQ ujog 149 •sasnof[ JtiyK •sesnojj ^ooy^ •sasrtojj aaojg •S9!^S ^]d •saiqisi^g ^W^'BO SuiAUQ ■ sa^q'B^g asjojj •suaug •sapuuqg (X)C<1 • O O tH 50 • 1— I • m iM T)"'*'-!-'^'^"*"'"'*^ — ^^3 — ?*^'>-'^^'-^'^ ^ r - z a; u ao'JS ;S"„ !0 o o COo 4) e »-i C ^ ai g ^ O is fiiOP-',^^ D-brlS^^-S^ :?a?;^7: 150 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 •s^saqo loox •Sniiisajqj^ ■sinw. Sniuu'Bj; =g •sajj^^j 8saojj •siad^ay^ •SJ8.U0J\[ M Mi-HOOi- OSi-H t^T— t~i-< T-1 t^ C*i^"*"*''Tt.t^t>. d s^-^ i. - =s 5 ii AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 151 w (J HH H 'r> (/J h-t ^ H ■S < H r^ 02 1 kJ <1 «Sl 1— 1 1— 1 Pd rH H '^ W *~^ t) rM P O ;z; ^ *— 1 H h-1 Q <1 Iz; ^ ! «J-IO0rH t^ © ic X r-j ^ :c • c^ :r ri ■ iM — SlIIAUQ 'sqSpig s;.iBO ic --r CO SUOgl! YV cc-^b-icoxo©co©ic©®»i;; 2SxSi ^ l^ T— ' ^- '£t © m ^ CO © CO X X O (M C5 -r 'I" -* ■<»< T}< -^ -f -f -j; -^ ;0 -^ :£ -Ij :£ t>. t^ t^ 1^ l^ ^ _ -^ c ^U?Sl I bos :-r o 152 DEPA R TMENT OF INDIA N A FFA IRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 •squi'B'j •daaqg •Jiooqs Sano^ ?£ CC W » C<5 ?1 C-5 O O £<5 ^ 1^1 •qonn 'SMOQ o •sjaa^g •JtJOAV'uaxo •snng •saj'Bj^ •sSuipfar) pu'Bsaoiii'Kjg o^i-(.-r:xiM« T»< eo N 10 (M ?q « o c^ M ?5 ^ IM .-I N -1- -r t^ ~i n •— — e*< i-H CO CO (M.-ieO ^ IM O (M eg — ^ I i-H co" ^' I tC I ^- (10 < T-^fv^-^-r-v: :;cco — w — ;ct^t~t^t-i^ <5 s = .= l^ O® =« csT'iS-^ s « jr^- ^ .- r = - ct; - =-c^^ is^^'I HM(x,6' (J pi ^ H 1-5 o CO GO ^ 1> § isooomooooooooo CJlOOOC^OOOOOCOOO OO-^C^T-HCOOOl^C^I-fCOOOCOTH 05 iO 00 '^ CO O O O X CJ i-H 05 t~ 9C' CO :c' c-r ic" i-T cc' —"" -f' o cT lo rtT -tT o 00 •'I' C-1 'ft -^ O T-H rH -f< .— .-I CC --C -t< o o o o o o o o o o o o c5 c-i 00 O O CO ^^ c^ © O O S= m O O © CO t^ 00 :0 QC' '— t^ to ;0 t^ ^~ '■^^''i. •s^uax ■sd'Bax 1991S •s^aK o •fe'unf) ?oqg ©©©©©© ©o©©o©o© S©©©o©©©©o©©©© ■* c-i ic ic © ir: '-i' © CO © X © CO :£ ^^-^©OC-. t^OXXXrHt;-C0 i^xe-icocotct^x-^-^ooDCi^^co^ co'(^f th's^T co'>-j'''1^'^co c't-t-t— t l-pl O) ^ o a^ Sr«^ a, J S j; ^ cs R 2 o Hm^O'<:oS(lixXttOSW*cr«MP-7J ii AGRICULTURAL AND INLUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 siaqsng •HAvog sajoy ■paijsaAj'Bjj spqsng •UAVog saaoy •p9^S3A.IBJJ siaqsng o ac ~ ;c •UAvog sajoy (M Tj< ■^ICT'*' lO ■I 55 1- 00 ■pa^saAJTjjj siaqsng ^ I •uAvog ssjoy l^iCi-ii— iCOlOOOOCOOt--* CO !M -n- i-H X ^: •*5<10CC10lCiOi-H(M5-im!M'MCC 1-1 O i-H ^C' M .-( 5<) O CO 00 •ps^saAJ'Bjj spqsng ; C5 M 05 O O lO : C. rH T-^ O CO X ; C i-H o i^ ~ -r •UAVog saioy ■M ri -* !M w eg o "7^ S ceo"" X iT C5 CO tr: 3i (M o CO o u; ; O 'f S i-t O : 155 ^- M -fi -^ Tf -St" -^ •^ Tf< ■>*i O to to •>£ » iO ^ l~ l- t— t^ t- i ^ '3 ^ S^ g. - - '-^ ^ a^.l ^ x=:p3 156 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 1— 1 P5 o rn H < m H t) ai fi !s; :?; ^ 1— ( hJ p !z; t) < O ^ tf rn . » C-a CC -1< ^1 X -^ t^ "M -»< ^ r-T-r ^'iC— "r-T N C> •pa^saAJt?!! sjaqsng •UAVog sajoy B be < 5 g PS « E- i -^ \ < c a ^2: :£ d -o « 1 g Ol-J ° ; S'aJ '-'7 5; - 1 '1^ • t- 5P - 1- 1 AGRICULTURAL AXD INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 I " I— I a P5 E-i C 1^ <1 5 g o I— I o Buildings Erected. ■sasnoiiaaoig - (M • • rH •^ 1 •sai^g Sij -* 1-1 • • ; ;' j -00 CO •saiq^lg i)H%'eQ X rH -f • •(N . • • • rH (M 1ft © •sasnojj SiiiAi.i(j :*'^ : ; (N •saiq'Bjg asaojj » 1-H IM ■* r-i rH ^ • • iH © W • |5<1 '-^ © •siu'Ba -i • • CO ^ ■3rat3jj[ 'sSaxi|aA\(i :^ -.^ ■ '■ '. -r^ -Ci '■ ^ > : Sg < s •paouaj; pucq; Acres. 398 275 36 16,700 ©©CO ■© t^ IC © ■ OJ io t^ 1-1 int- '« •© SIS t~ S3 g © •auii'j %sd^ joj paddoaQ pu'B']; g ^ O © u- O S CO i<) eo u- o rH • .©O O • ■ TiO I-I • ■ rH 0000 -IR -C. § N •ua>{o.ig pireq 5E xb-OiOoooioiscQis-s'oo^j -ir: ■ o g ©OWOt^'M-O -S-IOIO lOO -IM --r © CO co" •paiisgiQ pu^fj •saaoy .^ .:.::::::: '.^ :■.: ] s -.lappoj .i9ii:»o ■J. -H t^ t~ © © © b- ' •©©©©© • © ' O H tM" ^5" : : : : © © s' Grain, Roots and Fodder — Concluded. >> ■PIIAV ./ ©^(McCiO-*05©^©5a©e<)© -©ooc©© oi ;£ :OC,-^J0-X:-«'t-©COC-(M©t^CC -©00©©® S K lO r- -l-^^t^CC ©_^C-. ^^ O 0 05 -^i-l r- -©t^t-cS ?- •pai^jAi^po ■suox :3 :::§•:;:■::: :i > o siaqsng | ; ; 1 ; ; © iH CO' 2 O •UA\og sajoy TfOOr-llMCMHrH (MCC-* rtn -IS . © •pa^saA.iUH 1 5 1 o-r©©©ic©©©©©© -cc -o iS t^ »C (M C; < i ^ 1 r -t > < ■h- ; t -*-*•©©©© is 3i 2 3 © © l^ 5K* £/ 111 2£p: 2 1 158 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A, 1904 a: I- I- o © © © © © © © — — ~] -^ : © X © CO © >r - « U i.- X r ■M o X x c tt c o o ?i o . © CO — W 0 '—' " h- 1 I,- ^ I- — O -r — r: -r 71 =- © 3-. -^ c-i — i- •-;; 1- ^ u ^ — -^ -r -^ cc •-= ■ © m X X © • © t-in CO rt 0 ai= U-: . © 0 X ^; c— ©^CQ t^ 07 © © .-^ -T) <- 1- X 1- • '^'' CO ~in CO sS-*Sg c» © CCM ^ © X m CO CC Tl JO anj'BA pas-eaaouj ==''- ^' ^^' ■rH* T-TlM* A K ©0©©©©©©©©©©©© ; 0 © © 0 c 0 ;^ O ©©©©©©©©©©©©oc .©©o® © 0 Q z •sSuip^ing JO an['B^ COlC».0©0©iO©©©®X©© •© 0 m © © © 'rT-Hxt-j1 Tf< t> f. i . , H Isl ill S BS S •sasnojj iHJiv ■ 5. t>. t> 0? g 0 a a: >- m o 0^ ^ H u S s H O ^ >; o c H 0 P5 PL, 0^ be -11 E- ■f. 1 ^ a 3 0 5 H l^i P HP3Q. 1 --< ■»< 11 0 C 6% PQOe c £ c 0 0 boc ii COMMUTATIONS. 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 INDIAN WOMEN WHO HAVE COMMUTED THEIR ANNUITY BY A TEN YEARS' PURCHASE ($50) UNDER SECTION 11 OF THE INDIAN ACT. Commutations, 1902-3. Treaty No. 1. Brokenhead River Band. — Susanne Giraid Wheeler, No. 185. " Jennie McDonald Miller, Mo. 37. Fort Alexander Band. — Francoise (Bruyere) Morin, No. 218 " Martha (Abraham) Hourston, No. 225. '• Veronique Guiinond Hourston, No. 230. " Eugenie Morriseau Thomas, No. 232. " Archange Morriseau, No. Treaty No. 2. Shoal River Band. — Harriet Jane Munro, No. 75. Ada Brass, No. 103. Sandy Bay Band. — Harriett Whitford, No. 86. Treaty No. 4. Keeseekoowenin's Band. — Mrs. Jone Bone (nee Spotted Quill), No. 36. Treaty No. 5. Grand Rapids Band. — Mrs. Caroline Parenteau, No. 57. Treaty No. 6. Enoch's Band. — Nancy Huppe (nee Ward), No. 130. Ermineskin's Band. — Susan Desjarlais, No. 56. Saddle Lake Band. — Eliza Sinclair, No. 86. Treaty No. 7. Band " A." — Louise Desnoyer (alias Deschamps k Gariepy), No. 72. 160 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Return A (1) — Of Officers and Employees of the Department of Indian Affairs on July 1, 1903. HEADQUARTERS- INSIDE SERVICE. Name. Rank. Hon. Clifford Sif ton . Superintendent General. Francis Pedley . . . John D. McLean. Samuel Stewart. . Reginald Rimmer. Duncan C. Scott. . James B. Harkin William A. Orr . . John McGirr ... Robert G. Dalton Samuel Bray, D.L.S Alfred E. Kemp. . . Henry C. Ross . . . Edwin Rochester . . James J. Campbell Hiram McKay. Martin Benson .... Henry J. Brook . . . John D. Sutherland John W. Shore J no. H. Antliff, M.A. .Sc, D.T.S Geo. M. Matheson, Robert B. E Moffat, Joseph Delisle. . Fannie Yeilding Caroline Reiffenstein Lizzie D. McMeekin Edith H. Lyon . . . Helen G. Ogilvy. ... Floretta K. Maracle Mary D. Maxwell . . Frederick R. Byshe. Louisa E. Dale James Guthrie . . . Thos. P. Moffatt. . . Alice M. S. Graham Frederick' H. Byshe. Emma S. Martin . . . Chas. A. Cooke Sarah M. O'Grady. . Peter .Tos. O'Connor Wm. Edwin Allan . . Herbert N. Awrey. . Alex. F. MacKenzie Geo. A. Conley Selywn E. Sangster. Margaret H. Brennan Gertrude A. Gorrell Audrey S. .Jones, . . Helen M. O'Donohoe Sarah PI Whitehead Effie K. McLatch Benjamin Hayter William Seale . . . John Ackland. . . David Morin .... Deputy Superintendent General Chief Clerk and Secretary II Assistant Secietary 11 Law Clerk n Accountant Private Secretary to Supt. General First Class Clerk, in charge of Land and Timber Branch First Class Clerk Annual Salary. Second Class Clerk . Junior Second Class Clerk . Writer Packer . . . . Messenger . 3,200 2,400 2,000 2,100 2,200 1,750 1,650 1,800 1,050 1,600 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,350 1,.350 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,100 1,100 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 950 950 950 950 950 950 900 900 900 800 750 750 700 700 650 650 600 600 600 .575 520 515 515 490 460 600 570 420 360 Date of First Date of Appoint- Present Rank, ment to Civil Service. Holds this office combined with that of Minister of the Interior. 1897 1876 1879 1898 1880 1901 1883 1877 1871 1884 1884 1883 1882 1886 1880 1876 1871 1896 1884 1898 1888 1891 1880 1882 1883 1887 1890 1890 1891 1890 1891 1891 1891 1S91 1893 1893 1891 1893 1896 1898 1901 1902 1902 1903 1903 1896 1899 1900 1901 1900 1901 1887 1893 1899 1901 Nov. 21 1902 Sept. 1, July 1 1897 Oct. 1, Dec. 30 1898 <'uly 1, .June 27 1898 •Tune 27, Julv 6 1893 Oct. 8, July. 1 1902 Dec. 2, Aug. 1 1894 Nov. 24, Oct. 14 1891 Aug. 1, Nf)v. 29 1893 Sept. 12. Julv 1 1899 •June 14, Aug. 2 1902 Feb. 1, July 1 1880 Jan. 10, June 5 1890 Jan. — Aug. 1 1894 Dec. 30, Sept. 11 1894 July 9, Dec. 1 1884 April 1, July 1 1898 Jan. 1, Jan 11 1899 Dec. 29, July 1 1899 Mar. 24, July 1 1899 July 1, Jan. 30 1903 June 21, „ 30 1903 Feb. 7, July 1 1900 June 23, 1 1900 April 3, 1 1900 Nov. 24, 1 1900 Dec. 31. 1 19(10 May 31, 1 1900 June 30, 1 1900 Jan. 31, 1 1900 May 31, 1 1900 Mar. 20, 1 1900 Julv 21, 1 1900 n 21, 1 1900 Oct. 14, 1 1900 Nov. 28, 1 1900 Feb. 6, 1 190<:» Sept. 11, 1 1901 April 1, 1 1901 Oct. 12, 1 1901 Feb. 15, 11 15 1901 July 15, Jan. 21 1902 Jan. 21, Nov. 13 1902 Nov. 13, Jan. 30 1903 Jan. 30, April 1 1903 April 1, Nov. 19 1896 Nov. 19, May 26 1899 May 26, Jan. 22 1900 Jan. 22, Jan. 30 1903 Jan 2, May 14 1900 May 14, July 1 1901 July 1, 1. 26 1892 Oct. 18, Mar. 18 1893 Mar. 18, July 28 1899 July 28, 1 1901 1, OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 161 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Return A (1)— Of Officers and Employees of the Department of Indian Affairs on July 1, 1903. OFFICERS OF OUTSIDE SERVICE AT HEADQUARTERS. Name. Frederick H. Paget. Rank. Attached to Accountant's Branch. . . Annual Salary. Date of First Date of Ap{X)int- Present Rank, i ment to Civil Service. S . I 1,700 ,.July 1, 1897 Jas. Ansdell Macrae. [Inspector of Indian Agencies and Reserves. 1,800 Oct. 1, 1892 Geo. L. Chitty Inspector of Timber I 1,200 June 21, 1893 .June 5, 1885 ,. 14, 1881 ., 21, 1893 -ii— 11 162 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 > Ed Ci) Q «] D O .2 S ■^ J lit X •= 'x G > 1 K ^ T. i^ X % c x" >> 9 c § _o_ "o "H ^ > .„- ^ c be to 2 "t^ •I. 1— 1 2 1 ^J? ■i 1 i J -6 _E 6 > s So g 2J 13 G bp be c 1 oJ-2-5 •=" c a 2 ii '^ § S 5 be-- ^ ~ 5 1-5 "x X £ C . bcS^S a m o 1 T! = c ^ br ai S C be? cS.- '• - p to 1 CO 5 =S a: c3 -i— ^ 1 V- 5 "t^ .e- 5 |5 1 Is -2 S s % i !t • ■ .£ « : bp r ^ be d • 1 c- 5 ^ < I'ii c u - be ■ >- -' > !£'» c ,jj 1 ■4-» -^ 3 & ^ 3 bCT —'^"i "c ^^t'i ^£^ := ; ■£i1 ■^ rf H ii"^— 5 5 s ^ T o .p o c o a. 2 s c C ■*-* — < •< :^ 'r^'Z 'JS 3 ;ffi^ S 5 ^ ■. .T5 C C cS taOC g S bfi „ r S ??<.-.--;> c C o o J5 o ■~ • =* 2 K^ ? — -^-r- ir/i x^^ ;l^^ <— o >>bc ? ic be &:£ 5 o Sq^ h: O Ph!> -73 -O I I c8 (S O ©O © o o ©©©5©©5©S©©5©c©©©o© ©®©0©©©©©l0©©©©©©©t~ ©©©t^©icoin©r:iMO(«Mi-(©r-iCO ^^ rX ■^ --V " -? T 164 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 ■^ I m p O o ^ >> ^ 5 ? ~t-1 Stile O^S £,— •; -^ ■ 3 u- ,"" o o -^ ^ ' ^ c ■« o I— J Ji s o ^ 2 be Sh ^':2^ ,=£■5. 2 c« g c c-S-^-ii 2 > -3'^ II .... I ... >Q©0©0©000©00?0 >©®©©©©©®00©©05 - C©©©©©©©©©'00©lC ©O©©CXC©©ONC0©(M m ;S -"f -^ 5^1 ?1 (M in IM r-l C-1 i-H (M o _ : ■ : : :^ . : . .0 ^ ■ ■ " ■ 8 c^ §) I ^> = = = < :i ^ - ^ z^ ' i ' ' ' 'J I 25 r a. a>■M:i:^^ ® ^ » g ?- t- -2 to S ^ If^l^ll^'^^ ^ M§1 o s ^-ig-i.SPd-f o'|l -S'^ aTd I 5 § i o ? 2 S <1) bo cS > . s ■ i 5 35 2 J 0 ^ IM i-H be 6 §1 o - bc"S 'I' a 1; c- - o rt c ?^ .=: S .- P^ h^ k! OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 o ® o he O O L-; C O =^ : © IC I- C: = C : ) — ^ , •o ;^ -^ K^ S ii ^ . g >■ • 5 o O >; be X ^ s ■/, '.- -i: ::; z.i t; t^ X c ^ kJ s C^ Tl ^ c >i >.Q d C3 1 c3 = g s O 32 ") is — ^ :j J, a Q i S ^ 1; it = si^ ■r. ^ r" — . _ ic J2 •t ;5 § "3 ;^o -v* 1—1 a2 o is fl S > s •' .-^ _ be <1 O O C: O O O C O O OOOOOOOOO lO o in ?i ir: in i^ t~ !M t i i i "3 C :S 3 ^ ^ '" t2 fg "^4 ^ S ^ "= ^ O »>, ■« > r > „ C/ 'Ji g-^ -Z 'H h3 o i2 >i- c ce O ^ 3 -J ^1 ^- - bCi^ ^.%' ^§ g§ Siti; 166 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 O bo '^ J ^ +3 ^ ■ "5.2 o c 5;. 2 £ go o f^ £, m 3 C — <^ K -- >, o >>^ -= -^ 'S, 3 ^ c.P^ © © o © ©' c o © o o o ^ ©©©o©©ooc©© o ©©©ini:;: ©©©©©© ioooi>-t^miOio©ic® ,_ C= n IM «t^C<5CC-^l^(M-*'t<105^ 3i^ :§Q ■|^S'dq3§s-p_- 3 r=.'Ss"^.,§s| ri^.- .4<-:§^^j^^s3 '^^.•^' ^^^:^s ^.^<[l^^-s-r, ^^.H^JS^S r<^ 5^-jpqa:P£^^-. ■ — I o' ^"=3 C' O© (M Tj. l^ cc 1^1 - n CS c c c u O *m c- a > ^ "o £ 0 O g 3 U o o Li i 3 a c h- -♦-' >> rr a a rt "O -c >^ ^ ' KH < B 32 03 h5 > g ■^ © o o © © © © © -© "M © C5 u u O aj ^2 fa 1-5 O C-C s? :Sp5 168 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 " 1-^ 2 13 P o g .3 S AJZ "S Ph S 6C c3 CO Q 02 ■H O O ^ 2 o-r Mf^ ^i ,f=< jii ^t %-% ll ,^-'- i2 be O ?- - 5 <§ " : _• c5 5c ""'S be ^ " ^ Jh O & 5 O P- :cap- O CO o — o e o © o =; o o C ;i O O Tf ~ c^ ■* ?i Q- f5 1— I'D 't— IT3 ■ I— I •'O o o ^ S 5S;z;p:; >- be 5 <; r-QO Sr^ CO c 2< g f^ S > « 5 > a® be t- X to t- ■ " — -»^ 25 ^ Mis < m OFFICERS AXD EMPLOYEES 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ii = tc hr be Q 3: c tij a •— ; c X X o S >1 ^ 'S 5 O s ? < 1— 1 to r>. .-^ ^ ^ ^ 0 53 1.:; cS " « is ^ -r. ho S r: o h-l o > sri c O 2 ^ rt -M ^ ^ bo r "" s ,<5 ~ /- J 5?H S p^l i2iS s<; -a O > 5 . t^;^ a 3<; ^ ^ ^ 3 >. r^ 2 sPi 2Wi c o X X 3: io 2 5 M X ^: -^ 2 I i- Sir > < iC4 ■•2?^ c 2 S z S z o 5 2? ^5 •.„ 3 •'^ o 3 2 o S ? X x'-, <• o a, :?: 2 H W ^ ■^ ^ a 1 s M >i; 0) ^ o < 3= K o o C|_| o ^ S j^ P5 m o 5 c o o ^ '3 2 ir: w C:OOOOOOCCO©0 ~ tc s o cc -* 1^1 c-1 r] X c-i > .2 s^ t« w JJ !3 C tH «* o 5 '^ &"& = - "5 'a; CO cS O S? ^§ £ ■J. = 13 ^ 2 ^ ^ oo'oooosoc ooooooooc ©w^ceoooos scowx-rxcrcc O v= — -»• -t" ?] 1— c^ -r ■ cS 5 s aj g S" to C U HH I— ll-tCP - u i— s - o -, a. O ^f=^ o6 be ^ ^ -K P5 ? ;^ ,''. — ?^ — S M -^ ^"5 " si - i 2 ^ OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 171 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 .5 S 30 ol o I -I .2 S ^ OJ ^ "_, — Oi <^ ■£ TZ S a) tf c S s. cS P h ?. e ^ "5 ^ -?" S.^iS ■^ aT ics5s ^ 5 - c = c o cS - -^ -X ^ ffi O ^^PhS^ehS op"!? ^-s :=J£ ce o-S cs at?: ^ i i §■ Q .h:)"^ .-2 o 03 172 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 > m O pq « Ui ^ ^ c5 C ^ 7. "— ' tr c ^ -^ i ■^ ^ > P^ X J US <-, ,'' X x -5 rt. *i t ^ — .1 .- 0, «"" tf '~ o c; -f ,-s ::,- Oi ^ © o o © © ® © © © © © © © © © © © X © Tl © © c © © © © © © ©3 5? ; •* T»- -f -Tf ©©©;cxcoxx Hip; a; > © ©© © o © -r X © -f © i." -r CO s-i ^ l-H •Q > to ii "S C S. 2 "^ III I— ih5i-3 O" hhCJ 60 30 ■OF ODfil o „ 2 — >>^ lilil OFFICERS AXD EMPLOYEES 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 > c >- o Jlwl gr^ 5d 5 C C +-* r3 — '^ 5-C'-53 5^ * = „ ..an, O PhCQWS 3 o _6p Q bo o , =S C he ^ a; to ^ r/^ j| "5 <; sc . -' :a: TT' < o =; -* Si , « - O (t =S ^ - 5 ccoooooo o ;i X v; X c X X 11 •-; f r: -1" CO th Tt o ©o ©mo t^-^ X o © © o © o©o©©o ©©©©o ©©c©©© ©o © o © © ©©©©©© -f X -^ 7-1 X :3 C OJ w Tj ij O c3 o J! T3 ? 3 "c -5 :£ ■?■=' ^ t §xSQSts;ct:^ffli:^HK 174 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 o as t-5 C c 04 a. g o A > Q CO c I— I enses For erection of lock-up at St. Regis Nova Scotia. Salaries Relief and seed grain Medical attendance and medicines , Repairs to roads, Eskasoni reserve To improve sanitary condition of Indian reserve near Sydney Miscellaneous New Brunswick. Salaries Relief and seed grain Medical attendance and medicines . . . To repair road, Edmundston reserve Miscellaneous Prince Edward Island. Salaries and travelling expenses . Relief and seed grain Medical attendance and medicines Miscellaneous Manitoba and North-west Territories. Annuities Agricultural implements. Seed grain Live stock Destitute Indians Triennial clothing Schools Surveys Sioux Skw and grist mills General expenses Destitute Indians. Schools .... Yukon Territory. S cts. 7,100 00 3,000 00 500 0(J 45,970 00 150 00 10,806 00 500 00 14,000 00 90 00 500 00 3, .500 00 500 00 92,616 00 1,225 00 2,700 00 3,700 00 100 00 1,000 00 100 00 8,825 00 1,184 00 2,300 00 3,000 00 75 00 300 00 6,859 00 300 00 925 00 650 00 75 00 1,950 00 Expenditure $ cts. 6861 17 2821 56 481 43 44,214 51 150 00 16,790 40 0 30 14,000 00 90 00 459 85 2,495 23 Grant not used. 88,364 45 1,194 47 2,699 61 3,542 92 100 00 83 51 7,620 51 1,174 99 2,293 13 2,999 34 75 00 348 67 6,891 13 300 00 636 49 635 09 2 64 1,574 22 145, 12, 1. 20. 214, 2, 290; 153, 335 00 237 40 845 00 620 00 627 00 752 00 876 00 000 00 665 00 948 00 389 00 141, 12, 1, 20, 213, 2 263^ 4, 4, 152. 170 00 445 05 354 <)3 619 95 960 39 435 09 540 40 999 15 214 32 941 51 890 04 853,294 40 818,576 53 8,000 00 5,000 00 13,000 00 6,118 40 2,029 66 8,148 06 S cts. 238 83 178 44 18 57 1,755 49 15 60 499 70 40 15 1,004 77 500 00 Grant exceeded. 4,251 55 30 53 0 39 1.57 08 1,000 00 16 49 1,204 49 9 01 G 87 0 00 10 54 288 51 14 91 72 30 375 78 4,165 00 490 37 0 05 660 61 316 91 27,335 60 0 85 1,4.50 ()8 6 49 498 90 34,925 52 1,881 60 2,970 34 4,851 94 $ cts. 48 67 48 67 207 05 207 65 176 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS ii 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 APPROPRIATIOX ACCOUNTS— CWimwed 1902-03. Indians. <4rant. Expenditure British Columbia. cts. Salaries 20,S40 00 Relief '.i. 000 00 Seed and implements 1,000 00 Medical attendance and medicines 18,.500 00 Day schools 9,400 00 Industrial and boarding schools 77,8.}0 00 Travelling expenses .5,600 00 AEiscellaneous and office expenses 10,020 00 Surveys and reserve commission 7,000 00 S ets. 19,083 04 8,767 67 153 20 18,341 45 8,907 83 66,248 92 4,676 63 7,383 23 4,653 71 Grant not used. Grant exceeded. Genekal. Salaries of inspectors Travelling expenses of inspectors and clerical assistance Printing, stationery and school material 159,810 00 i 138,216 28 3,000 00 1,900 00 6,000 00 S cts. 1,756 36 232 33 S46 80 158 55 492 17 11,601 08 923 37 3,236 77 2,346 29 21,593 72 3,000 00 1,658 69 3,765 13 10,900 00 8,423 82 241 31 2,234 87 2,476 18 S cts. INDIAN TRUST FUND. Return C .showing transactions in connection with the Fund during the year ended. June 30, 1903. Service. Balance, June 30. 1902. ... Collections on land .sales : timber and stone dues ; rents, fines and fees. Interest for year ended .June 30, 1903, on above balance Legislative grants to supplement the Funds Amount award of arbitrators charged Province, Canada account Outstanding cheques for 1900-01 Expenditure during the year 1902-03 . Balance, .Tune 30, 1903 Debit. •S cts. 296,217 65 4,408,912 .57 4,70.5,130 22 Credit. 8 cts. ,045,945 86 217,482 49 166,146 82 26,826 65 248,712 18 16 22 4,705,130 22 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 A. 1904 REPORT OF THE NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 1903 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY 3. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1904 [No. 28—1904.] 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 A. 1904 To His Excellency the Bighl Honoumhle Sir Gilhert John Elliot, Earl of Minto, P. C Ct.C.M.G., (&C., &c.. Governor General of Canada. ]\Iay it Please Your Excellcxcy, — The undersigned has the honoiu* to present to Your Excellency the Annual Report c-i" the North-west jMounted Police for the year 1903. Respectfully submitted. WILFRID LAURIER, President of the Council. January 28, 1904. 3-4 EDWARD VII SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 A. 1904 TABLE OF CONTEIS'TS PART I. korth-west territories. Page. Commissioner's Report 1 Appendices to Above. Appendix A. — Superintendent R. B. Deane, Maple Creek 11 " B. — Superintendent A. H. Griesbacli, Battleford 25 " C. — Superintendent C. Constantine, Port Saskatchewan, with report '■ of Inspector C. H. West, Peace river sub-district 32 D. — vSuperintendent C. Constantine, trip to Mackenzie river, with re- port of Sergeant Fitzgerakl, Herschell, Island Detachment 43 '• E. — Superintendent G. E. Sanders, D.S.O., Calgary 55 P. — Superintendent P. C. H. Primrose, ]\[acleod 73 G. — Superintendent W. S. Morris, Prince Albert 89 H. — Superintendent J. O. Wilson, Regina 95 J. — Superintendent J. V. Begin, Lethbridge 103 K. — Superintendent A. C. Macdonell, D.S.O., Regina 112 L. — Assistant Surgeon J. P. Bell, Regina 117 M. — Veterinary Surgeon J. F. Burnett, Macleod 120 PART TI. strength and distribution of the north-west mounted police. Page. Schedule A (Summer, 1903) 3 " B (November 30, 1903) 6 PART III. yukon territory Page. Report of Assistant Commissioner Z. T. Wood, Commanding 3 Appendices to Above. Appendix A. — Superintendent A. E. Snyder, White Horse 18 " B.— Superintendent A. E. R. Cuthbert, Dawson 40 " C— Inspector A. E. C. McDonell, Dalton Trail 69 " D. — Assistant Surgeon, L. A. Pare, White Horse 75 ^- E. — Assistant Surgeon S. M. Eraser, Dalton Trail .. . 78 '• F. — Assistant Surgeon W. E. Thompson, Dawson '. . . 80 " G.— Assistant Surgeon G. H. Madore, Selkirk 82 '• H.— Veterinary Staff Sergeant G. H. Acres, V.S., Dawson 84 " 'J.— Veterinary Staff Sergeant G. H. Acres, V.S., White Horse 86 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 A. 1904 NoRTH-WES'L Mounted Police^ Office of the Commissioner, Regina, January 25, 1904. To the Eight Honourable Sir Wilfrid Laurier, P.O., G.C.M.G., &c., President of the Privy Council. Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit for your information my annual report for the year ended November 30, 1903, on the work performed by the force under my command in the North-west Territories, together with the reports of the following commanding officers, medical officer and veterinary officer : — Superintendent R. B. Deane, commanding ' A ' Division, Maple Creek District. " A. H. Griesbach, commanding ' C ' Division, Battlef ord District, " C. Constantino, commanding ' G ' Division, Edmonton District. G. E. Sanders, D.S.O., commanding ' E ' Division, Calgary District. P. C. IT. Primrose, commanding ' D ' Division. Macleo 1 Division. W. S. Morris, commanding ' E ' Division, Prince Albert District, J. 0. Wilson, commanding Regina District. J. V. Begin, commanding ' K ' Division, Lethbridge District. " A. C. Macdonell, D.S.O., commanding Depot Division. Assistant Surgeon Bell. Inspector J. E. Burnett, Veterinary Surgeon, The continued development of the Territories is a matter for congratulation. The increase of population this year has been greater than in any previous year in the history of the Territories, I think 350,000 a very conservative estimate of the present population. This rapid development has greatly increased the work of the Eorce, and I have had difficulty in meeting fully the requirements. The rapid settlement of a new country always attracts a certain lawless and undesirable element, and it is evident, from the year's crime reports, that the North- west Territories are not an exception. The new towns and extending settlements call for police patrols and supervision, and it is quite clear that the point will soon be reached, if it has not already been reached, when this Eorce, with its fixed strength, cannot satisfactorily perform the duties expected by the people of the Territories, Our field of operations this year has been tremendously widened. A detachment of 5 men, under the command of Superintendent Moodie, was selected to accompany the Hudson's Bay expedition in that far distant region. Another expedition was despatched in May to the Arctic ocean, consistiu"' of 5 men, under the command of Superintendent Constantine. This detachment reached 28—1 2 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Fort Macpherson, on the Pelly River, earlj in July, Superintendent Constantine hav- ing arranged for quarters, returned to Fort Saskatchewan, leaving Sergeant Fitz- gerald in charge. This non-commissioned officer visited Herschell island in August, and had the honour of establishing a detachment, the most northerly in the world, at this point. Herschel island is in the Arctic ocean, 80 miles north-west of the mouth of the Mackenzie river. It has been for many years the winter quarters of the American whaling fleet, and has been the scene of considerable lawk'ssne-^s and violence. The reports of Superintendent Constantine and Sergeant Fitzgerald will be found in tho appendix. Superintendent Moodie has not been heard from. The establishment of these outposts is of far-reaching importance. They stand for law and good order, and show that, no matter what the cost, nor how remote the region, the laws of Canada will be enforced, and the native population protected. I venture again to call your attention to the valuable work of the Force among the immigrants, who are largely foreign-born. It is of the utmost importance to the future of the country, that they should be started in the right way; that from the first they should be impressed with the fair, just and certain enforcement of the laws, and that they should be educated to their observance. In 1901, 30 per cent of our population was foreign-born, and I think I am fairly stating the position now, in saying that the foreign-born equal those of British birth (using the term British in its widest sense). It is claimed, and rightly, that we are a law-abiding people, that no new country was ever settled up with such an entire absence of lawlessness. Why? Because of the policy of Canada in maintaining a powerful constabulary, which has for thirty years enforced the laws in an impartial manner. The North-west Mounted Police were the pioneers of settlement. They carried into these Territories the world-wide maxim, that where the British flag flies, peace and order prevail. I refer to this, because it has been stated that the time has now arrived when their services are no longer required. With this view I do not agree, but, on the contrary, I believe that their services were never so necessary. I have referred to the large immigration, but the country is so vast, that it scarcely makes an impression. There are huge stretches without a single habitation, and a boundary line of 800 miles, along which for 200 miles, not a settler is to be found. The settlement of the Territories will probably increase at the rate of at least 100,- 000 a year for several years to come. It is among these that the unrecorded and often unrecognized, work of the Force will be most valuable. The construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific will call for large numbers of lab- ourers. It is well known that the rapid construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway was considerably facilitated by the maintenance of order among the army of navvies. The Grand Trunk Pacific will require like assistance, and will be benefited in the same way. I, therefore, respectfully ask your consideration of a .substantial increase to the strength. CRIME. The following table gives a classified summary of the cases entered and convictions made in the North-west Territories during the year ended November 30, 1903 : — REPORT OF COMMISSIONER PERRY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 O Offences against the persou- Murder Manslaughter Attempt to murder, reduced to assault and pointing firearm Infanticide Threatening to shoot Shooting with intent Stabbing « . . . . Assault II aggravated 11 indecent Rape and attempted rape Seduction Attempted suicide Miscellaneous Leaving dangerous holes open Refusing to support wife and family Bigamy Shooting and wounding Intimidation Pointing firearms Aiding and abetting to commit indictable offence Offences against property — Stealing registered mail Theft Highwa}' robbery Robbery with violence Robbery Horse stealing Burglary Miscellaneous Arson Killing or wounding cattle or horses Cattle stealing 11 frauds Receiving stolen property House-breaking False pretenses Forgery Fraud Mischief. Trespass Damaging property Dogs worrying and chasing cattle Cruelty to animals Bringing stolen property into Canada Killing dogs Maiming cattle Offences against public order — Contempt of court Unlawfully carrying offensive and concealed weapons Ticket of leave Act Offences against religion and morals — Vagrancy Drunk and disorderly and creating a disturbance Nuisance Inmate of house of ill-fame Keeper n h Frequenter m h Insulting language Threatening n Miscellaneous Defamatory libel Indecency 28— li 1 1 2 2 1 341 13 4 13 2 4 7 4 4 17 8 2 1 1 323 2 1 1 88 13 10 3 13 29 5 8 5 35 19 12 25 3 40 4 18 6 2 1 35 1 169 636 6 42 30 22 13 1 9 3 31 1=5 2 1 1 277 9 1 2 188 1 32 162 615 5 40 28 22 31 10 5 2 1 1 121 1 1 45 4 4 1 6 11 2 4 2 15 Remarks. (2 acquitted. I 1 still at large. -' 1 awaiting trial. I 1 sentenced to be hanged I. Dec. 15, 1903. To be tried in January. f 1 failed to appear for -{ trial. 11 not yet located. 1 1 escaped. l' 2|1 not yet arrested. 1 Remanded to Calgary. NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII.. A. 1904 Crime — Continued. Crime, Offences against religion and morals — Con. Incest Concealment of birth Carnally knowing a girl under 14 Slander Offences against the Indian Act — Supplying liquor to Indians . , Indian drunks Prostitution Cutting and removing timber off reserve Selling produce Desertion from Indian school Carried forwai'd . Drunk on reserve Holding dance Assault .... Liquor in possession Having liquor on reserve Ti-espassing i. Gambling Offences against Railway Act — Drunk while in charge of locomotive . . . Stealing rides Obstruction on railway Misleading justice — Perjury Contempt of court . . Being at large while under sentence . . . . Jumping bail-. , . Corruption and disobedience — Escaping from custody. Attemptmg to break jail . . Obstructing peace officer Resisting arrest Escaping from prison Assisting prisoners to escape Offences against N. W. T. Ordinances— Master and servants Quarantine Herd..... Game ordinance Hide M Sunday observance Prairie fires Liquor "ordinance . Insanity Miscellaneous Trespass Village ordinance School M Fence ir Stock Road M Pound n Health „ Livery stable ordinance Pollution of streams .... Engineer's ordinance Interdicted from use of liquor Supplying liquor to interdicted person . Fisheries Illegally practising medicine II veterinary surgeons . Hawkers and pedlars ( xambliug Stray animals . . Brand Drunk while interdicted 171 24 ■ 7 25 2 12 120 115 100 10 2 9 4 1 2 3 5 10 1 1 3 22 3 2 11 1 8 11 18 11 32 C I -^ -^ ^1 1 ] 4 2 .1 4 2 i 2 2 98 79 18 117 105 12 1 1 "■■l 1 1 1 ■2i 24 32 9 3 16 1 3 1 123 22 3 22 2 10 103 92 89 7 1 9 1 1 " 31 5 9 10; 11 i 6 31 12 Remarks 1 not arrested. 1]1 not yet recaptured. 2 2 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER PERRl SESSIOinAL paper No. 28 Crime — Concluded. Crime. 2 o s .2 '> a c O Dismissed or Withdrawn. Remark.^. Offences against N.W.T. Ordinances— Co»i. Law Society Breach of contract . 1 1 2 3 2 ] " i 1 2 2 2 Driving off range Animal Contagious Act Total 3,315J 2,613 636 66 Comparative Statement of Crime between the Years 1900 -to 1903, under general Headings. 1903. Ott"ence.s against the person II property M public order M the Customs Act. . . .1 religion and morals. . 11 Indian Act 1. Railway Act Misleading justice Corruption and disobedience Offences against N.W.T. ordinances. 435 667 36 973 360 38 12 39 7.5.5 1902. Total. 3,315 263 472 34 532 293 , ^ ^ G \ o > '> G< .2 c m t) ■>.s 5£ il Qa2 2 ^^ 5 Total. a. o ^ ^ n ^ *i «^ O " § < Q ^ ^ i-^ '^f^ t4 ■• - - - - - " " Total number of prisoners serving sentence and awaiting trial on Nov. 30, 1902. 19 15 9 10 25 * 6 3 87 Total number of prisoners received.. 235 88 70 44 171 265 90 76 1,039 Total number of prisoners discharged 231 86 78 47 161 269 85 74 1,031 1 1 Total number of prisoners serving sentence and awaiting trial on Nov. 30, 1903 22 2 7 6 20 21 11 5 94 Prisoners go to Prince Albert jail. 6 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 The foregoing table includes all the indictable offences, where the accused persons have been committed for trial, but not the cases entered by the municipal police, of which we have no record, and which have been dealt with summarily or dismissed. 2,613 convictions were made in the 3,315 cases entered, an increase of 1,298 cases, and 1,093 convictions over last year. Seventy-seven per cent of the cases entered resulted in convictions. In the Regina district the percentage of convictions was 84, which is verj- high, and shows .the careful work done by Superintendent Wilson, and officers and men of that district. It is instructive to compare this year's record of crime with 1893, ten years ago. The estimated population at that date was 113,000, and total convictions 614. Esti- mated population at this date is 350,000, and convictions 2,613. The increase in convictions, as compared with last year, is largely due to offences of a petty nature. Charges of common assault have increased by 127; of theft, 60; of carrying concealed weapons, 23 ; of vagrancy, 72 ; of drunk and disorderly, 248 ; of being inmates, keepers and frequenters of houses of ill-fame, 74; of indecency. 26. The convictions under North-west Ordinances have increased by 308. The offences created by these Ordinances are not criminal in their nature. I regret to note the very marked increase in the number of insane persons. Last year there were 22; this year, 89. The rapid growth in population, the lonely life of thj settler, the unavoidable discomforts incident to the settlement of a new country, the disappointments, and often the want of proper medical attention, are some of the contributing caiises. I am glad to say, however, that many recover after short periods of detention in the asylum. There are very few .serious offences against the person. Five charges of murder were entered, as follows : — Rex vs. Tapoos. This was the result of a drunken row between two Indians. Jliere was a lack of intent, and the jury acquitted the accused. Rex vs. Linklater. This case occurred at Pelican Narrows, 250 miles north-east of Prince Albert. It was investigated by Inspector Parker, who found that the death of deceased was due to natural causes. Rex vs. Vanalstyne. This occurred on the extension of the Canadian Northern railway, west of Erwood. The accused was a time-keeper. There was a difficulty between him and a number of Galicians, and he shot and killed one of them. This case has not yet been tried. Rex vs. Cashel. — Rufus Belt was murdered in 1902. His body was not recovered until July, 1903. Ernest Cashel was tried for the murder, at Calgary, in October last, and sentenced to be hanged on December 15, 1903. Cashel escaped from custody on December 10, and has not yet been recaptured. (Recaptured on January 24, 1904.) The Justice Department was good enough to express appreciation of the excellent work done in this case, especially by Corporals Macleod and Pennycuick. Belly Butte Murder. This occurred on the Blood reserve, near Macleod, in Aug- ust, 1903. It was a cold-blooded, cruel murder. The murdered man and the suspected murderer were travelling together, and had but recently arrived in this country. This case is one of great difficulty, but it is receiving careful attention, and I hope the suspected person will be arrested and brought to trial. There were 32 convictions for carrying concealed weapons, a very marked increase. The police have instructions to rigorously enforce the law in this regard. The prac- tice of carrying concealed weapons is inimical to the public peace, and dangerous to the individual. With a revolver ready to hand, what would often be only a drunken row, becomes a tragedy. No person needs to carry firearms in this country. There were 88 eases of horse-stealing entered, and but 34 convictions. This is a most difficult class of crime to deal with, and, owing to the demand for horses, it is on REPORT OF COMMISSIONER PERRY 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 the increase. Several bands of horses have been brought in from the United States, which we had every reason to believe, were stolen. The brands were so well ' worked ' that the owners could not be discovered, and, therefore, nothing could be done. In the ranching districts, cattle-stealing is prevalent. The facilities for commit- ting this crime are very great, and only very good detectives, thoroughly conversant with the cattle business, can cope with it. I am bound to say, however, that more could be done by us if some ranchers were not so reticent in giving information, through fear of reprisals. PRAIRIE FIRES. A large portion of the Maple Creek and Battleford districts were overrun by prairie fires, and extensive fires occurred between the Bow and Red Deer rivers, and also in the Wood Mountain coxintry. The destruction of the grass in a ranching district is a very serious matter to cattle owners. The loss of buildings, grain stacks and other property in the farming districts was considerable this year. It is an impossibility to entirely prevent prairie fires. The slightest carelessness may start one which will burn over hundreds of square miles. Effective fire-guarding of all railway lines is essential. This was neglected last year. There were 103 convictions under the Prairie Fire Ordinance, but many of the fines imposed were merely nominal. New settlers do not realize the destruction which may follow from a prairie fire. They light fires in the open when a strong wind is blowing, without any precautions; the fire escapes, and no one can say when it will be put out, and what loss may result. I am of opinion that the law cannot be too vigorously enforced. THE INDIANS. The conduct of the Indians has been excellent. There have been fewer cases of crime among them than last year. The Department of Indian Affairs determined to put a stop to illegal dancing, which has been detrimental to their progress. As a result, there were 9 convictions, which will have convinced the Indians that they must cease. There were 138 convictions for drunkenness, 13 less than last year. There were 79 convictions for supplying liquor, an increase of 20. The half-breeds are the prin- cipal source of supply. There is a small floating population of thriftless half-breeds in all the towns, who make a business of debauching the Indians. Credit is due to Superintendent Sanders for putting a stop to this at Calgary, by having the most notorious offenders inter- dicted. This policy has been adopted in other places with good results. The Indians in the Mackenzie Eiver and Athabasca districts had a prosperous year, the fur catch having been good. I regret that several bands of Esquimaux were nearly wiped out by measles. Superintendent Constantine reports that ' the numbers are decreasing very fast: last spring, at McPherson, out of a band of 80, whose settle- ment was at Herschell island, some 70 died from measles, thus practically cleaning out the entire band. They did much the same as our own Indians when alfiicted with the same disease : they laid down in the snow-banks and on the ice to get cool, while the fever w^as raging; many, in fact the most of them, died on the sand bar in front of the post, some on their way home, and others on arriving at the settlement. At Richards island, they numbered about 300, but many also died' there. I could not get any estimate of the number at Baillie island.' 8 ^^ORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VI i., A. 1904 ASSISTANCE TO OTHER DEPARTMENTS. DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE. The work for this department has greatly increased.- There are 1 veterinary sur- geon and 13 qualified veterinary staff-sergeants constantly employed; 5 are stationed at ports of entry. At these ports 63,542 cattle, 33,354 horses, 492 mules, 16,327 sheep and 733 swine were inspected for importation. For export, 33,346 cattle, 6,410 horses were inspected; 127 cattle and 2 horses were rejected. In Eastern Assiniboia alone 1,130 horses were examined for glanders, and 319 tested and quarantined. These horses were scattered about in lots of threes and fours, all over the country; 219 horses were destroyed in the Territories. I give these figures to illustrate the large amount of work done. It has been increased by the development of the country, but more, perhaps, by the new policy of the department. The old policy was to destroy all animals reacting to the mallein test, but now horses reacting and showing no clinical symptoms are quarantined and tested three times at intervals of sixty days. Thus, there are three, and sometimes four, visits, where before one suiBBced. The veterinary staff has been hard worked. My thanks are due to the Depart- ment of Agriculture for a substantial increase in the allowance to the veterinary staff- sergeants, which is now double what it was a few years ago. INDIAN DEPARTMENT. Escorts for treaty money and attending payments have been furnished as usual. Inspector West accompanied the agent and attended all treaty payments in the Athabasca and Mackenzie River districts. This officer, being a qualified practitioner, gave such medical attendance as was required. CUSTOMS. For many years it has been a source of complaint on the part of our ranchers, that American cattle were allowed to graze in Canada without restriction, that the owners often deliberately drove their cattle to the boundary, so that they would drift into Canada, where grass and water were more plentiful ; that American ' round-ups ' came into Canada, gathered and branded their young stock and turned them loose again, and that their ' beef round-ups,' in taking up their own fat stock, were not too particular. The complaints came from points all along the boundary, from Willow Bunch to Cardston, some 500 miles, but they were particularly loud and insistent from the ranchers on MiUv river, who suffered most. This year the Customs Department took action, and notified American cattle owners that the privileges which they had hitherto enjoyed, could not be continued. They were given until July 1 to gather and take out their cattle. The effect of this action has been satisfactory. A special officer of the Customs Department was stationed at Coutts to look after this work. The Police were in- structed to strictly enforce the regulations. Their good work has been acknowledged by the special Customs officer. Our patrols seized several bands of ponies which were being run in by Indians without any regard to Customs or quarantine laws. I hope these seizures will put an end to the importation of these worthless animals. Pendant d'Oreille was made an outport for collection of customs, and the non- commissioned officer appointed a sub-collector. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER PERRY 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Wood Mountain outpost is still under our control, but a collector has been appointed at Maple Creek, and the office turned over to him. We have been asked to establish a detachment at Wild Horse Lake which would undertake the collection of customs. INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. We again furnished detachments last winter for the protection of timber reserves at Rosseau river, Eiding mountain and Turtle mountain, in Manitoba, and Moose mountain, in North-west Territories. All our detachments in the Prince Albert dis- trict act for the Crown timber agent at Prince Albert. Our spare barrack accommodation at Battleford is occupied by Barr colonists who were unable to provide themselves with shelter, and the duty of distributing food to any needy colonists has been placed on our shoulders. JUSTICE DEPARTMENT. Since my last report, there has been no increase in the jail accommodation in the Territories. A jail is in course of erection at Edmonton, but it will be some time before it will be ready for occupation. Another jail, with accommodation for at least 75 prisonei^s, is urgently required in Southern Alberta. All short-term sentences are served in our guard-rooms, and all prisoners awaiting trial are held by us, except at Regina and Prince Albert. The capacity of our guard-rooms has not been increased, except at Calgary, where eight cells were added. For months at a time, Regina, Calgary and Macleod were overcrowded. At Regina a building was temporarily occupied which practically afforded no security. 1,038 prisoners were received, 259 more than last year, and 597 more than in 1900. The safe-keeping of such a large number of prisoners is a great responsibility. The giiard-rooms are all frame buildings, and cell doors are of wood; in fact they are not safe prisons. All are built on much the same plan, which is neither a con- venient nor satisfactory one. Prisoners cannot be properly classified, and conse- caiently proper jail discipline is maintained with difficulty. With such insecure buildings, we must necessarily rely on the vigilance of the guards for the safe-keeping of the prisoners. The detachment and police work demand the oldest and most experienced men, and, therefore, too often inexperienced young men are employed on important guard duty ; on an average 35 men are daily employed on this duty. As the population increases, the number of prisoners will increase. We have not sufficient accommodation now. I, therefore, urge that the question of erection of jails be dealt with promptly. Fifty-four convicts were escorted to Stony Mountain penitentiary. Some of these were desperate characters, and I am glad to say that this duty was satisfactorily per- formed. QUARANTINE. There has been a marked decrease of contagious and infectious diseases in the Territories, as compared with last year. Small-pox, of a mild type, occurred among the Indians near Battleford. Our assistance has not been required to tte same extent as in previous years. STRENGTH OF THE FORCE IN THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES. The strength in the Territories is 490; 10 under that authorized, but 28 more than at the date of my last annual report. 10 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 The Force is now distributed from the international boundary to the Aretio ocean, and from the Hudson's bay to the Alaska boundary. There are 8 divisions in the Territories, each with a headquarter post, and theri^ are 84 detachments, with 182 officers and men constantly employed on detached duty. Of these, 55 are distributed among 21 detachments along the international boundary. AV^hat I might call the fixed charge against the strength is very heavy; but. with the number of posts to maintain in repair; the clerical work which arises in paying, clothing and maintaining a force so widely distributed, and the necessary and legi- timate reports reqviired in the actual police duties; the care of 8 guard-rooms, which are really common jails; the shoeing and care of horses; repairs to saddlery, harness and transport; the maintenance of hospitals, &c., this fixed charge cannot be reduced. Headquarters staff and instructional staff at depot number 15; veterinary staff and shoeing .smiths, 20; clerks in division ottices and quartermaster stores, 19; hospi- tal staff, 6 ; special constables employed as interpreters, scouts, artisans, cooks, kc. 59 ; provosts, escorts and guards, 35 ; a total of 155. Should you favourably consider my recommendation for an increased sti-ength,. it will directly add to the efiiciency, as the staff would not be increased. WASTAGE. The following statement gives the changes during the year : — Engaged in the North-west Territories 190 Rejoined after deserting 1 Ee-engaged after leaving 7 Total gain 198 Discharged — Time expired 34 Purchased 23 " under three months' service 9 Invalided 4 Dismissed 15 Inefficient 4 Deserted 14 Died 3 Total lo.ss 100 Transferred from Xorth-west Territories to Yukon 74 Transferred to North-west Territories from Yukon J 4 I regret the loss of 57 trained men, 34 by expiration of service and 23 by purchase. This is almost entirely due to the prosperous condition of the country. There is ample employment for good men with much better pay and prospects than offered by the Force. Seventeen more applications for discharge by purchase were received, which I was obliged to refuse because of the reduced strength at the time. I am of the opinion that such applications should always be granted, provided that the public service does not suffer. The dismissals were principally on account of drunkenness. The wastage is, in my opinion, excessive, and calls for grave consideration. It can only be corrected, first, by increasing the pay to a point more nearly equal tr) the present earning capacity of intelligent, 'sober, industrious men in the Territories, and second, by giving a substantial increase of pay. or a bonus, to efficient men wlio will re-engage for service. I should be in a position, first, to select carefully from the applicants, and second, to sift out the inefficients before transfer from the depot. This I have never been able to do as thoroughly as I would like, because of the REPORT OF COMMISSIONER PERRl 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 scarcity of recruits. Eeeruiting during the early part of the year was not brisk, auvl practically all the recruits went to fill the Yukon drafts. In October and November men came in more freely, and I was able to bring the Fores to strength. At least three times the number engaged applied, but were rejected, being physically unfit, not up to our standard, or without satisfactory references. To properly perform the duties demanded from the Force, its members must be physically capable of undergoing hardship, intelligent, of strong character and good conduct. They have constantly to act on their own initiative, and do important woric without the aid or advice of their officers. They are stationed at isolated points, free from immediate control, and in positions where they are subjected to mucli tempta- tion. Considering all the conditions, the large proportion who are new to their duties, and the importance of these duties, it is not to be wondered at that some failures will occur, TRAINIXG. All recruits join the depot, where they are supposed to receive the groundwork in their education as members of the force which experience will ripen into efficiency. It is more than ever necessary for a thorough grounding at the depot, for, once transferred, there is neither time nor opportunity to supply the want. I have been compelled to send untrained drafts to the Yukon and outlying divisions, as the men were absokitely required. Recruits under training ought not to be counted in the effective strength. 500 trained men are few enough to do the work. Sufficient men should be at the depot to enable me to send out drafts of trained men, and not of recruits. The instructional staff in the depot are efficient, and, if time is given them, they can turn out men who would be a credit to any corps. Very little training has been carried on at divisional posts, simply because no commanding officer has more than a handful at his disposal, when his detachments have been manned and the actual police duties attended to. ARMS AXD EQUIPMENT. The rearming of the force has not yet been effected. I trust that it will not be much longer delayed. Both carbines and revolvers are worn out. Our equipment must also be renewed. TARGET PRACTICE. The annual target practice was carried out, with very good results. The average shooting was very good. For the first time in the history of the Force, regimental matches were held at Calgary in September. Teams of 8 men from each division competed in rifle and revolver matches. The scores were excellent and the competition very keen.* A sub- stantial grant was authorized from the fine ftmd for prizes. The Slater Shoe Co., Montreal; E. L. Drewry, Esq., of Winnipeg, and Superintendent Constantine gavo very handsome sterling silver cups for competition. The cajiteens subscribed gener- ously, and the officers gave a large cash prize. The Canadian Pacific Railway gave a very low rate for transportation, so that the charge against the public was much reduced. The team matches were won as follows : — Slater trophy, 'A' Division. Drewry trophy. Depot Division. Constantine trophy, ' E ' Division. 12 ■ NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Reg. No. 1206, Corporal Banham, won the individual rifle match, and Reg. ISTo. 1126, Sergeant-Major Raven, the individual revolver match. I am much pleased vpith the great interest taken by the men, and with the excel- lent shooting. The bringing together of men from every division was most beneficial, and I hope that these matches will be made an annual event, SADDLERY AND HARNESS. The saddlery is in good condition. Every division is asking for new harness, TRANSPORT. The transport is in good order, I am asking for a small amount, to replace that worn out. UNIFORM. The quality has been good. The supply has not always been sufficient, due to the large number of recruits engaged. RATIONS. The rations supplied at all posts have been satisfactory. FORAGE. Hay is costing us more than last year. There is little or no competition for our contracts, and at three places we had to extend time for receiving tenders, as there were no offers. The conditions as to quality, delivery and stacking are hard, but the real reason is that times are too good, and people will not bother. Last year's crop of oats was very heavy, and quality good. HORSES. Ninety-three horses were purchased at an average price of $107. I purchased horses at different points, in June, after due public notice had been given. I was much disappointed with the number and quality of the horses shown. At Pincher Creek, which is supposed to be a horse centre, 14 horses were offered, and only one was purchased. At Medicine Hat, not a single horse was offered. The breeding of horses such as we require has fallen off very much of late years. Horse breeders find the heavier class of horse pays best. The demand for horses is very great. Breeders prefer to sell their horses by the * bunch/ rather than one by one, each on its merits, as our method of purchase is. Over 33,000 horses were imported from the United States, which shows that our horae breeders'do not commence to meet the local demand. Forty-one horses were cast, and sold by public auction, realizing an average price of $51 per head, just double the price realized six years ago. The general health of the horses has been excellent, and our stables have been free of disease. Four horses were destroyed on account of glanders, 3 at Yorkton, and 1 at Regina. Those killed at Yorkton contracted the disease on detachment. That killed at Regina was a remount. The horses on the ranch from which the horse wa^ purchased, were examined, and found healthy. Two horses were destroyed because of accidental injuries, and one on account of blood poisoning. Total, 6. Three died of disease: 1 congestion of lungs, 1 heart disease, 1 azoturia; 2 were accidentally drowned. Total loss by accident and disease, 11. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER PERRY 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 BARRACKS. A new building was erected at Fort Saskatchewan for sergeant-major's quarter's. Extensive repairs have been commenced at Lethbridge and Maple Creek. Both posts were in bad condition. The buildings required new foundations, reshingling and re- painting. All our posts are frame buildings, from 15 to 20 years old. They were originally built on wooden foundations, which have rotted away. I beg to draw your attention again to the officers' quarters at Regina. With the exception of the commissioner's and assistant commissioner's quarters, they are port- able huts, erected 21 years ago. They are in a bad condition, and unfit for habitation. I strongV recommend that new quarters be bnilt this year. Xew bi;ildings are required for the detachment at Banff. Our present quarters are in bad condition, and sadly out of keeping with the surroundings. The detachments at St. Mary's, Medicine Lodge, Ten Mile and East End, should be moved to boundary line. They are too far away from it to allow effective control. New buildings are required on the White Mud River and the Big Muddy, and the Blackfoot Indian reserve. HEALTH. The Acting Senior Surgeon reports that the general health of all ranks during the year has been very good, and no unsanitary condition of barracks or detachments is noted in the medical reports. I regret exceedingly to record the death of Assistant Surgeon C. S. Haultain. which occurred at Battleford on May 20. He was appointed to the force on July 1, 1889. He was an officer of high character, devoted to his profession, and most loyal to the force, of which he was proud to be a member. I personally feel his loss most keenly. I also have to record the deatli, by drowning, of Reg. No. 1102, Staff-Sergeant Brooke, on September 26, while crossing the Bow river on the Blackfoot reserve. Staff- Sergeant Brooke, in company with J. Didsbury, Esq., J.P., and Interpreter Beaupre, was proceeding on duty to investigate the death of an Indian under suspicious circum- stances. The river was very high at the time, and in some unaccountable way they missed the ford, and all were drowned. Mr. Didsbury was a highly respected resident of Gleichen. In his capacity of justice of the peace, he had many times given the police great assistance. Staff-Sergeant Brooke had 19 years' service. He was one of our most trusted and efficient non-commissioned officers, and his death was a distinct loss. Not long before his death I brought his name to yovir favourable notice for promotion. I sincerely trust that a liberal pension will be granted to his wife and children. GENERAL. On November 30, Superintendent A. H. Griesbach, having completed thirty years' honourable service, retired on pension. He was the first man to join, on organization in 1873, and was shortly after promoted Regimental Sergeant-Major. His commissison soon followed. Before joining the force, he had seen service with the 15th Hussars, with the Cape Moiinted Rifles in South Africa, and with the 1st Ontario Rifles in the Red River rebellion. He was given the rank of Major during the North-west rebellion. He had the honour of being appointed an extra A.D.C. to His Excellency the Governor- General during Lord Aberdeen's tenure of office. Superintendent Griesbach takes with him on retirement the best wishes of all ranks. I have received loyal support from all ranks during the year. ^ly thanks are due to the Assistant Commissioner, and the officers commanding districts and divisions for their loyal co-operation and support. I have the honour to be, sir, Ynur obedient servant, A. BOWEN PERRY, Commissioner. 14 2^^0RTB-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 APPENDIX A. ANNUAL REPOET OF SUPERINTENDENT R. B. DEANE, COMMANDING ' A ' DIVISION, MAPLE CREEK. Maple Creek, November 30, 1903. The Commissioner, N.W. Mounted Police, Regina. Sir, — I have the honour to render the report of ' A ' Division for the year ended November 30, 1903! GENERAL STATE OF THE DISTRICT. As stock-raising is the principal industry in my district, I fear the past season -cannot be said to have been very favourable. During the month of February severe weather compelled ranchers to begin feeding hay to their stock, and March was a severe month ; the snow was heavily crusted in some parts, and cattle were reported to be getting low in condition. April opened with snow, followed by rain, and heavy frosts were experienced at the end of the month. A very severe storm set in on May 16, and lasted for nearly a week ; a great deal of snow fell, particularly in the western part of the district, where it was very deep. There was con- siderable frost at night, and as a consequence of this storm, stockmen sustained con- siderable loss, chiefly amongst lambs and young calves. A great many of the ' dogies,' or young stockers from the east, died from exposure, some in railway cars, some in the stock yards, ai~id large numbers on the prairie. "Rain has fallen abundantly during the summer — almost too much so — for the grass continued to grow green, and had not time to cure before frost overtook it, and it is to be hoped for the sake of the cattle that the coming winter will not be too severe. Beef this year is not up to the usual quality; prices have ruled low, and compara- tively few sales have been made. I have received during the year a valedictory and commendatory resolution which the Executive Committee of the Western Stock Growers' Association were pleased to pass ; and from the Town Council and Board of Trade of Lethbridge an address, which modesty forbids me to reproduce, together with a handsome gold watch and chain. The case of the watch bears the legend : ' Presented to Supt. R. Burton Deane, N.W.M.P., by his Lethbridge friends.' It is pleasant to look back upon fourteen years of residence, and work in a place under such conditions. CRIME. The following is a classified summary of cases 'entered and disposed of during the past year : — REPORT OF SUPERINTENVENT DEAXE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 15 Crime. Offences against religion and morals- Vagrancy Drunk and disorderly Keeping house of ill-fame Frequenting house of ill-fame Gambling Offences against public order — Canning concealed weapons Offences against administration of justice- Escape from custod}' Escape from prison Assisting prisoner to escape Obstructing police officer Offences against the person — Murder Wounding Assault.. .. • Shooting with intent Seduction under promise Offences against propertj' — .Ars n ... Theft Horse stealing Cattle stealing O Fraud Forgery Bringing stolen property into Canada. Mischief Housebreaking Maiming cattle Offences against Indian Act — Drunken Indians Supplying liquor to Indians Indians possessing liquor Offences against X. W. Ordinances — Liquor license Estray animals Praiiie fire Master and servant Insane persons Pxiblic health Game ' 13 53 10 2 8 11 2 3 1 1 1 1 20 2 1 2 22 3 1. 2 12 2 1 9 3 5 15 4 3 3 13 53 10 2 8 1 2 1 1 1 1 15 4 1 1 1 1 5 10 3 3 3 Remarks. Not found. * Not recaptured. 1 conviction quashed by certiorari. 1 charge unfounded . The case entered as mtirder was the homicide of ' Napiskao,' an Indian, by another Indian named 'Tapoos' (the Eabbit), on April 27, at Medicine Hat. The deceased went to a tent then occupied by the accused and his sister, and called the accused out. The woman said in evidence that the deceased was drunk, and accused ' Tapoos ' of inti- macy with his wife. She heard blows struck, but did not see them, and ' Tapoos ' re- entered the tent with his hand bleeding and two fingers broken. He seems to have said afterwards that he struck ' Napiskao ' with a stick. The deceased died five days later from the effect of injuries to the brain and skull, caused by two different blows which might have been made with a club, and either of which was sufficiently severe to have caused death. The accused testified that ' Napiskao ' had come to the tent and asked him to come out. They went a short distance, when the deceased asked him to trade wives. Upon • Tapoos ' refusing to do this, ^ Napiskao ' hit him, and he returned the blow with his fists, knocking the other man down. A drunken half-breed came to the spot, and 'Tapoos' K?laimed that he kicked ' Napiskao ' while he was down. He left the two of them to- gether and went back to his tent. 16 J^ORTH-WEST MOUXTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 The jury, after about an hour's deliberation, brought in a verdict of ' not guilty.' One of the cases entered as arson was the burning of a rancher's stable upwards of 30 miles from the nearest police post, during the temporary absence of the owner. He complained that this was the act of an incendiary, and gave unsupported reasons for suspecting one or more of his neighbours. He carried his complaint to the Department of Justice, who, after consideration of all the circumstances, decided that the evidence was insufficient to warrant any proceedings against the accused parties. The other case was the burning of a small unoccupied house in an isolated spot, about seven miles from Medicine Hat. It is not even known when the house was burnt, much less the manner in which it caught fire. Of the four cases of petty theft which have not been brought to trial, the perpe- trators in three cases have not been discovered, and a warrant which has been issued in the other case has not yet been executed. One of the two convicted horse thieves is a young half-breed, who stole his uncle's horse at Medicine Hat and went into Montana. He was arrested at Havre by United States Stock Inspector Hall, and consented to return to Canada without extradition proceedings. At the November assizes at Medicine Hat he received a sentence of one year's imprisonment in Eegina jail for this offence. One of the horse stealing cases noted in the ' dismissal ' column was a case in which a warrant had been issued by an outside magistrate, and we travelled many miles and spent much time in trying to execute it. The accused had gone into Montana, and eventually surrendered himself to the Ten Mile detachment to answer to the charge which he had heard was against him. He was sent to Medicine Hat accordingly, but there was no evidence against him, and the case was thrown out by the magistrate. Inhere was, however, a charge against him in Montana, and, as he consented to waive extradi- tion proceedings, he was conducted to Coutts, and there handed over to the state author- ities. The thieves in the three other cases have gone to the United States, and we have been as yet unable to locate them. It is only to be expected that we should receive reports of horses having been stolen when there is no foundation for the report. Owners are saved a good deal of trouble if the police will turn out and hunt for lost horses. Two notable instances of this have occurred during the year, one on September 5 at Ten Mile, where report was made by a settler that 135 of his horses had been stolen from his pasture, that he had ridden the country within a radius of twenty miles, and could not find them; he concluded tliat they had been driven to the United States. This, if true, was an audacious theft, and the constable in charge took immediate steps to inquire into it. He reported on Sep- tember 5, the date of the complaint, that he had found 17 of the horses, and returned them to the owner's place. On the same day the complainant's son found other 90 of the horses, and had heard where the balance were to be found. These last were found on the following day — having merely strayed. In spite of this refutation of his complaint, the owner considered it consistent with veracity to inform a local newspaper at a subsequent date that his horses had been stolen. I am glad to say he has gone to Manitoba to settle. Similarly, a theft of two horses was reported from Dunmore, on June 30. On July 14 the constable who was charged with the duty of tracing them reported that they iiad merely strayed, and had been recovered. Those are two of the wild-goose chases that we have been despatched upon. The Dehaven pursuit, which necessitated a special patrol of some ten days' duration in un- favourable weather, was another. Gossip, pure and simple, is responsible for some unnecessary additions to our work, because there is a great deal of it going about, and time and energy are often required to show that there is very little substratum of fact for practical purposes. Seven cases of cattle stealing have been entered during the year, and in four of. REPORT OF SLTERiyTENDEyT DEASE l7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 them convictions have been obtained. Three cases which could not be prepared in time for the last session of the Supreme Court, are awaiting trial. A decision of considerable interest to stockmen was delivered by Chief Justice A. L. Sifton at Medicine Hat on November 20, the circumstances being as follows: — A German settler, near Josephburg, who cannot speak English, had a fourteen-, month old steer, which had stayed about his place until it was driven off by the May snow storm and was lost. He heard in course of time that the Plume Creek round-up had gathered it up, and went to the captain thereof to claim it. He could not, however, make himself understood, and shortly afterwards his English-speaking son claimed it. The captain of the round-up pooh-poohed his claim, admittedly took no steps to ascer^ tain whether the claim was well founded or not, and the steer was in due course soljd. by auction as a maverick (or unbranded animal) for $19. Another German settler of the same locality lost a heifer under somewhat similar circumstances, and this was sold by auction at the close of the round-up for $16.50. This case differed from the first, in that the owner did not know that his animal (which was unbranded) had been taken up by the roiuid-up, and did not make any claim for it. . I may remark, parenthetically, that there is no law which requires an owner to brand his cattle unless he pleases, arfd his property rights are obviously not impaired by any such omission. Upon the foregoing facts being brought to. the notice of the police, a criminal charge of theft in each case was laid against the captain of the Plume Creek round-up, and he was duly committed for trial. The Medicine Hat and Maple Creek Associations, which are separate organizations from the Western Stock Growers' Association, did not take this view of the matter, and engaged counsel at Calgary to defend their representative at his trial. They held that an unbranded animal on the range is an incentive to theft by some person or other, and seem to think that if they brand and sell him for their own benefit they are removing the creature out of harm's way, are performing a useful service to the community at large, and are not infringing the law of meum and tuum. I happen to know that there is by no means unanimity of opinion as to their methods, even with- in their own ranks, and it may not be out of place briefly to describe the operations of a round-up so far as to emphasize the point I wish to make, which is this. If the claim of the associations in question be conceded, that unbranded animals, commonly called ' mavericks,' gathered by a round-up, are by right of custom the property of the Stock Association concerned, and may be applied to payment of the necessary expenses of the round-up which gathers them, it becomes material to consider the ease with which, and some of the methods in which, mavericks may be made. I will assume that the rounding-up has been completed, and the cattle are gathered at the rendezvoiis in readiness for the cutting out. The first class of animals to be cut out are the cows with calves. That is an operation that requires great care, and in a properly conducted roimd-up only the most capable and knowledgaJDle and best mounted men are allowed to enter the herd. Two men apply themselves to each cow ai^l calf, riding on each side and a little behind the animals, which are quietly conducted out of the day-herd (as it is called), and. headed towards the ' cut' which they are intended to join. There are mounted men in charge of each cut, and others all around the day- herd, whose duty it is to see that unauthorized animals do not break out or in. A very little harrying of a cow and calf in the day-herd will result in tlie calf being separated from its dam. This may be done unintentionally, and when it has happened the only recourse is to let the cow stay in the herd until she shall have reclaimed her calf. But suppose, for the sake of example, that the herd has been harried a good deal, and that some cows and calves have been separated : it is a mere matter of detail to cut out the cows and leave the calves until the close, when there will then appear so many un- branded calves (mavericks), which become the property of the association, and are sold accordingly. I should explain that at this stage the calf of which I speak has not yet 28—2 .0 18 KOKTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 been branded, and if it became separated from its branded mother, there is no way of telling who its owner is. A prominent stock owner has this very season spoken of cows having been driven across a river while their calves remained on the other isde. That is a ready way of making mavericks. A calfless cow with a distended bag is no unusnal sight on the range, and we know that all the calves have not been killed by coyotes and wolves. It is to be noted that a round-up does not necessarily confine its attentions to cattle which are the property of members of the association which it represents, as ought to 'be the case, unless it can show express authority to the contrary. There is no greater autocrat on the continent than the captain of a round-up, as has been abundantly sliown in court during the last few weeks, but if owners suffer from unauthorized handling ol their cattle it is not because there is any ambiguity in the law. The Stray Animals" Ordinance provides that any person who (1) takes, rides or drives oft' any horse or liead of cattle belonging to another; (2) when taking his own animals from pasture, without the owner's consent, takes or drives off the animal of any other person grazing with his own, is liable to a penalty not exceeding $100. To return, however, to the Supreme Court at ]\Iedieine Hat. The facts were all proved as charged. The accused said he was appointed captain of the round-up by the Secretary of tlie Medicine Hat Stock Association, and took no steps to ascertain whom the cattle in question belonged to. It was shown that the proceeds of the auction sale in each case were handed over to the secretary of the eastern branch of the association. A letter from the said sec- retary to the purchaser of the stolen heifer was read to the effect, inter alia, that if they should get a few more ' pay ' cattle they would clear their expenses. The secretary of the Medicine Hat Stock Association said that he had been in the country nearly 30 years, and that it had always been customary to sell mavericks to pay round-up expenses. He said also that the association had for years been trying to get the custom legalized, but had failed so far. Other witnesses, who had acted as captains of round-ups i a former j'ears, testiiied as to the custom, and said that they would have acted exactly as the accused had clone. One witness went the length of saying that he would not have considered it his place to take any trouble to ascertain the ownership of the cattle in question. He considered it was the owner's business to make and prove his claim. Counsel for the defence laid great stress on the fact that there was no felonious intent, and that the money went to general round-up expenses and not to the personal benefit of the accused. He said that although the acts complained of may have been illegal, and he did not intend to justify them on legal grounds, yet it was not criminal as applied to the accused, who happened to be captain this year, and merely followed the custom of his predecessors. Pie contended that the law is imperfect, in that cattle should not be allowed to go unbranded on the priarie, and so become a temptation to people of weak mind. The judge agreed that punishment by way of imprisonment was not necessary, and considered that the requirements of the case would be met by the record of a formal conviction against the accused, and he would be released on suspended sentence. He said that there was no question that conviction was proper, and that the secretary and members of the association were equally guilty with the accused. They were well aware that the sale of mavericks was unlawful, because they had for years been making efforts to have the custom legalized. As to the intent, he commented on the fact that a direct benefit accrued to the Stock Association by application of the amount realized by sale of the mavericks to their expenses. He said in effect that people have a perfect right to allow their cattle to range on the prairie unbranded if they please to do so, and that a round-up has no right to gather cattle which are not the property of members of the association, without the consent of their owners. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT DEANE 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 An order was made in eacli case for the return of tlie stolen animal to its original owner. A defendant who should have surrendered to his bail to take his trial at the Medi- cine Hat court for maining a bull, deliberately absented himself, and a bench war- rant was issued for his nrrest. He will now remain in custody until the March assizes. At the Maple Creek court a sentence of three years in the penitentiary was awarded to a young man, who, with a partner, brought into Canada three horses which they had stolen in the United States. The partner in question, who was, I think, the moving spirit in the enterprise, es- caped, I am sorry to say, from the guard-room here on September 20, and although we scoured the country to the utmost capacity of all our men and horses we did not succeed in recapturing him. Naturally we warned the authorities in Montana, and from a tele- gram lately received from Havre it seems that the fugitive has been arrested there. The horses were stolen from Big Sandy, whither the owner had already taken them, and the case against the thief is so complete that we need not regret his departure from here. Two other prisoners escaped at the same time, and each has been awarded a year's imprisonment in addition to their sentence. The escaping-from-prison episode was thoroughly investigated, and was found to be attributable to faulty construction of the building, years ago. It was cleverly carried out too. It was our business, however, to recover them if possible, and one was recap- tured after five days, and another after nine days of freedom, during which time they can hardly have enjoyed themselves. A prisoner, undergoing one year's imprisonment in the guard-room here, who was working with the water cart, slipped off the tank oh arrival at the well one afternoon, and without a word ran into the bush on the creek. The constable could not leave his horses to follow tim, and thus he was not recaptured for a few hours — but he was brought back before dusk, and at the recent court received an additional sentence of one year's imprisonment in Eegina jail. I think that this sentence may tend to put a stop to similar ventures. I know that some judges visit such offences lightly, holding that a prisoner will naturally make an attempt to escape if he sees what he thinks is a reasonable opportunity, but consi- dering the conditions under which we have to administer prison discipline and carrj- a sentence of hard labour into effect, I do not think such a lenient view is quite fair to the young constables who perforce form the escort in a general way. It has yet \o be ascertained what -a jury will say if an escort should shoot and kill a fugitive prisoner. A constable lost a prisoner on June 24 in this manner. The prisoner had been con- victed at Medicine Hat, and brought here to undergo one month's imprisonment at hard labour. While waiting in the town police station for conveyance from barracks the con- stable was informed by telephone that the doctor was immediately required at barracks on a matter of life and death, and leaving his prisoner in the station, ran to summon the doctor. The prisoner took advantage of his short absence to get away, and was not xecaptured. Schedule of civilian prisoners committed to and released from the guard-room at Maple Creek from December 1, 1902, to November 30, 1903. Male. Female. Number of prisoners confined December 1, 1902 15 " received during the year 6S 2 " discharged during the year 76 2 '■ serving sentence November 30, 1903 6 " awaiting trial 1 28— 2i 20 ' NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 ASSISTA?\CE TO DEPARTMKXT OF AGRICULTURE. The president of the Maple Creek Stock Association informed me on Xovember IG that mange was suspected to exist in a band of horses recently imported from the United States, and now at Grabnrn, between Medicine Hat and this place. On my notification thereof, Dr. Hargrave, V.S., found the report to be well founded, and quar- antined 66 horses, which are now being treated by the caretaker, Mr. J. McBean. ASSISTANCE TO DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMS. In February last notification was received here of the appointment of Mr. J. J. English as Sub-Collector of Customs at Maple Creek, and all records, (fee, of the work which had hitherto been performed by the police here were accordingly handed over to him. We duly distributed among settlers on the United States frontier in the spring- notices by the Commissioner of Customs that American cattle found pasturing in Can- ada after June 1 would be liable to seizure* for contravention of Customs regulations. It was represented at the annual meeting of the Maple Creek Stock Association, that 'in the then condition of the country it would be practically impossible for Ameri- can stock owners to remove any strayed cattle from Canada by that date, and I was asked to represent the circumstances, which I did. The date was thereupon extended to July 1, and our southern neighbours have practically done their best to comply with the Customs requirements. Information, and data to verify the same, were furnished to the Inspector of Cus- toms of this district in respect of alleged smuggling of horses into Canada from Mon- tana. In my report of 1902 I mentioned the case of an Indian named ' To-To,' who was then awaiting trial on a charge of being armed and stealing from the house of a settler. He was tried last December, and was convicted — but the offence was not as serious as it had at first appeared, and in consequence of previous good character he was allowed to go on suspended sentence. At the beginning of January it was reported to me that a camp of non-treaty Indians, numbering 101 souls, was affected with smallpox. The health ofiicer of the district, who happened also to be the Acting Assistant Surgeon to the police, had already taken charge of the camp, and quarantined its inmates. Pursuant to instructions, I then arranged to make the quarantine effective by stationing a N.C. officer and inter- preter within the precincts of the camp, and issued rations of beef, flour and tea to each family, as he Indians were by their seclusion precluded from earning a livelihood for themselves. The health ofiicer vaccinated all the Indians that required it, and the usual precautions as to disinfection, &c., were strictly carried out. As a result the disease did not overstep its limits, and was effectually stayed without casualty. Sundry Indians who had been quarantined for smallpox at Medicine Hat in 1902 were released therefrom on January 24. DETACHMENTS. The following statement represents the outposts of the division at about the end of September, when ev(^y man and horse were engaged in looking for three escaped prisoners. Similar conditions maj- arise at any time in searching, for instance, for a particular criminal, and paucity of numbers can in a measure only be offset by rapidity of movement : — REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT DEANE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 21 *^'^"- Sergeants. Sergeants. 1 Corporals. Constables. HOR.SES. Saddle. Team. Maple Creek Town 1 1 1 3 2 2 3 2 2 17 1 2 1 2 3 1 3 3 1 9 Swift Current . . . Medicine Lodge 1 Ten Mile East End '. Flying Patrol Special Patrol . >->'•■'■ • ■ 1-1 . 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 l(j 12 A flying patrol, consistiug of three mouuted men and a wagon, has been initi- ated this year, with the same sort of equipment as is carried by a round-up party. The southern part of the district has been thoroughly scoured this year; that large stretch to the north of the railway has received only qualified attention for the lack of men and horses. It has not been possible to do more than we have done. There is a settlement north of Medicine Hat, on the Red Deer, which at present we are not able to attend to. A simple visit from Medicine Hat entails five days' absence of the men from their own detachment, and they cannot be spared for that length of time — Medi- cine Hat is a busy place from a police point of view — and three men are not too many to perform the many duties they are called upon to perform. In spite of the busy life these men have led this year, an enterprising foreigner wants to know why they do rot put out his prairie fires while he ' loafs ' in a bar-room. There should, if possible, be a detachment in the north-east quarter of the dis- trict. The Saskatchewan river is 90 miles from here — two days' travel each way. With a detachment at Eed Deer, a second flying patrol might be made- to answer requirements but the distances are so great that a four-horse team would be required, and it could not operate during winter months. The flying patrol men were caught in a storm in the Cypress hills during the first half of November, and were all frozen to some extent. Swift Current is a rising place, and requires more than the one constable who has hitherto been stationed there. A considerable settlement has sprung up this year at Irvine, where there is a licensed hotel. A mounted constable should be stationed there, if one could be pro- vided for the purpose. I understand that it was in contemplation before I came here to remove the present buildings at Farwell about 8 miles further west to Sucker Creek, where the trail runs from Maple Creek to Havre and Chinook in Montana. The bulk of the travel passes that way, and settlement in that district is increasing. There should be a detachment somewhere in that neighbourhood. It would be better to reopen the Farwell detachment than to have none, but in the present strength of the division I have no means of doing so. Paucity of men was, I understand, the reason of withdrawing the one man who represented this detachment. STRENGTH OF DIVISIOX. The actual strength of the division at this date is 36 of all ranks. It is useless to ask for men when there are no men to give, but police work does not decrease as settle- ment advances, and it is not possible at all times to comply with the demands upon our attention. During the night of September 26 last we had S prisoners in our guard- 22 NORTH-WEST MOUXTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 room, and the strength in barracks, exclusive of officers, was one stafi-sergeant, two con- stables and two special constables. All the rest were away on imperative duty. HORSES. The actual strength in horses at this date is 43 — 24 saddle and 19 team horses. The number might profitably be increased by 12, if they could be obtained. A man can easily keep two horses in full work withoiit distressing himself. We are now able to make up one four-horse team, but two more would be none too many. East End detach- ment is 48 miles from here, and the roads are execrable. A pair of horses can haul but a moderate load, say of oats, and the round trip occupies four days. It is a great waste of time when so many loads are needed in the course of a year for that detachment alone, and the horses are required elsewhere. Extraordinary difficulty exists in obtain- ing horses here. I have been inquiring all the autumn for a pair of suitable horses, but have been unable to hear of them. The trouble is that horse growers prefer to sell a carload, perhaps^ — good and bad, sound and unsound together — at a price per head, and have done with it; and as long as there is a prospect of doing that they are loth to take the trouble of supplying us with sound, broken horses. It should, notwith- standing, be worth some person's while to cater to the police trade. One horse died from congestion of the lungs. TRANSPORT. The light patrol wagon siipplied in the summer, which has been used by the flying patrol, is a capital wagon for two horses, and the light wagons in lieu of buckboards are very useful. I think they would be improved in any future construction by making the box six inches longer in front, and placing the jockey box behind instead of in front of the dashboard. CLOTHING. All the fur coats are considerably past their prime, and require extensive repairs to fit them for each winter's work. The material in some is so rotten that it will not hold the thread. EQUIPMENT. Field glasses with belts and pouches are urgently required. The Ten Mile detach- ment has a pair which is in fairly good condition, but none of the others in the division give satisfactory service. The majority of the holsters are in poor condition — the leather in some instances is rotten, and the stitches tear away. RATIONS. The ration leaves nothing to be desired in quantity or quality. A local firm has the contract for the current year, and this is a very much more convenient arrange- ment to us than having goods sent from a distance. The price of beef receded half a cent this year. FORAGE. The hay is of good quality, and is well stacked. The oats are clean and well filled, but contracts have so far been let for only about two-thirds of the quantity that we shall require. HEALTH. The health of the division has been very good. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT DEANE 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 TARGET PRACTICE. The men took great interest in the target practice this year. The eiglit best shots, viz., Stail'-Sergt. Allen. Sergt. Macleod, Corporals Gordon, Wilson and llarvie, and Constables Willis, Eooke and Creelman, attended the Calgary tonrnament, and won for 'A' Division the handsome challenge trophy offered for competition by the Slater Shoe Company" of Montreal. BUILDINGS^ BARRACKS, ETC. We have had great difficulty in procuring carpenters to carry out work which has been authorized here since July, 1902. In the middle of Xovember I happened to be able to make arrangements with Mr. J. L. Morris, of Medicine Hat, to take the work in hand, and he sent iowv carpenters here, whose progress is svich that the buildings may be expected to be in good repair before Christmas. The work which these men are engaged to do consists of raising the sills and levelling the floors of the division mess room, kitchen, and one barrack room. This has been done so far as is practicable at this time of the year. It is not advisable justi-now to open up the foundations of any other buildings. The division store and Q.!M. store have just been reshingled, and the shingling of the stables is now proceeding. No. 2 barrack room has been reffoored, while the saddle room and Veterinary Staff-Sergeant's quarters remain to be reshingled, and the pump house and saddle room are to be refloored. Last year two cells were added to the then existing tier, and during the past summer two more have been constructed, making a total of ten cells in the prison. Our cell accommodation has been fully occupied nearly all the time. In making good the faiilty construction of the building originally, we have replaced all windows with stout new frames, properly barred, and the arrangement of certain interior iittings connected with the cell doors has been amended. A summer kitchen and verandah, which were much needed, have been added to the Commanding Officer's quarters, and a new roof supplied to the carpenter's shop. We have constructed a good sound fence to inclose about 65 acres of the police reserve, and have repaired the existing barrack fence, which was very much in need of renewal. The barrack carpenter has been kept uniformly busy. Xext spring, when the season permits. Officers' Quarters Xo. 2 will be raised, the sills replaced, and new piles provided. Part of the barrack room building, the Q.M. store, saddle room, both stables and canteen will be similarly treated. This work has long been authorized, but has been hindered for want of labour, which I hope to be able to procure in the spring. The bottonj logs of the quarters occupied by the Q.M. Sergeant are rotten, and re- quire to be replaced. PRAIRIE FIRES. Five convictions^ for breach of the Prairie Fire Ordinance have been obtained, and it is understood that a rancher will plead guilty on aacount of a fire allowed to escape by his men recently. On May 8 two constables from Medicine Hat assisted to put out a fire which was observed north-east of Finn's lake, and which burnt over the country between the Red Deer trail and the Many Island trail to Chappie's lake. No information was obtainable as to the origin of this fire. October was a disastrous month for i^rairie fires. In the case of one started at Ivin- corth on Octojaer 13. by the engine of a Canadian Pacific Railway freight train, a conviction was obtained. 24 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 At the beginning of October a fire at Gull lake, originated by a donkey-engine which was in use by a working party on the railway, destroyed some stacks belonging to a settler near there. He declined to prosecute, saying that his loss had been made good. A fire reported to have been started near Tilley, 50 miles west of Medicine Hat, about October 15, burnt over all the country north of the Red Deer and eastward as far as the junction of the Red Deer and Saskatchewan rivers. Ranchers said that it had started fro:n the railway between Langevin and Tilley, where there was no fire-guard on the north sile of tho track, but there were no means of proving this, however prob- able it may have becii. On October 17 the Medicine Hat detachment, and a party of civilians, put out a fire which was supposed to have teen started by a section gang on the Crow's Nest road near Winnifred, r.nd whicli, w'th a strong wind behind it, burnt to within a mile of the town. It was not possible to obtain evidence to support a charge in this case. A rancher living nortli of the Red Deer expressed his belief that the fires in that country were fiartc-d by go.f'jnment srrvey parties. He could give no grounds for his belief, but thought a poliof.nun should be sent up there. About October 23 a five broke away from a ranch where the men were burning a fire-guard, and burnt i ve.v i Krge tract of country south of the railway. The owner of the ranch admits his l>obi]i{y, and says he will plead guilty to a complaint. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, R. BURTOX DEANE, Supt., Commanding 'A ' Division. Distril^ution of ' A ' Division, November 30, 1903. a s g- o o ID P. s 1 1 1 m 3 CO 1 X o o O 1 1 s 0 O 11 2 I "2 3 2 1 22 3 .... .... 3 5 21 3 1 1 3 3 3 1 36 House ■s. Remark.s. '^ '\ 1 1 3 1 24 12 2 "2 J 2 2 20 p Maple Creek/ Medicine Hat . 1 26 3 1 1 5 4 4 44 1 team horse dead. Swift Current 1 1 Ten Mile . 1 3 Yukon 1 1 4 2 REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT GRIESBACH 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 APPENDIX B. ANNUAL EEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT A. H. GPJESBACH, COMMANDING ' C ' DIVISION, BATTLEFORD. Battleford, Sask., N.W.T., November 30, 1903. The Commissioner, North-west Mounted Police, Eegina, Assa., N.W.T. • Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my report of ' C ' Division and the district under my command for the year ended November 30, 1903 : — The officers serving under me during the year were : Insp. T. McGinnis, stationed at Battleford until the opening in the summer of a detachment at Lloydminster, of which he was placed in command; and Insp. W. Parker, attached from *F' Division, who was in charge of the Saskatoon detachment from April last until September 1, on which date the detachment was transferred to * F ' Division. Sergt.-Major Parker was transferred to ' F ' Division in March last, and was re- placed by Sergt.-Major Richardson, V.C. Corporal Carson was transferred from ' C ' to ' Depot ' in February, and Corporal McCarthy sent here in May. GENERAL STATE OF DISTRICT. The district generally is in a prosperous condition, but we have had a wet, cold season, which has interfered adversely with hay-making and the proper ripening of the crops, although I understand that the conditions are better than was expected. In any ease, owing to the great influx of new settlers and the larger demand so created, prices for all kinds of produce will be very good, and much higher than in previous years. The Canadian Northern Railway has not yet reached the district as was antici- pated, but it is stated that it will do so in the near future. A few miles of grading for this line has been effected near Lloydminster, which I understand was done to give work to the new colonists in that vicinity. The most important event of the season has been the advent into the country of the Barr colonists, the members of which commenced to arrive here in May last. LTnfortunately for the new arrivals, the spring was very cold and wet, and the summer little, if any, better, and the colonists suffered in consequence and were led to form unfavourable impressions of the country. Having been a resident in the Territories for thirty years, I may be permitted to speak with some authority upon this subject, with a view to setting aside these impressions, by stating that the past season has in comparison been the worst in my experience for many years. As a general rule, the weather and seasons in the North-west are all that can be desired. As regarding the new settlers generally, I think that when they have learned to overcome the many difficulties incident to life in a new, and, to them, strange coun- try, they will do well and be glad that they had the courage to break a,way from their old associations and have brought their families where so many opportunities are presented of succeeding, which did not obtain in the countries which they have left. The Doukhobors, who caused some trouble in this district in the spring by theii- fanatical demonstrations, now appear to have settled down to work again, and seem, 26 NORTH-WEST MOiyTED POLICE , 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 apparently, to be in a contented and prosperous condition, a state of affairs which, in my opinion, should continue if agitators and fanatics are kept away from them, for they appear to be easily influenced. A party of Xestorians under Dr. Adams arrived here in May and" are located on the north bank of the Saskatchewan river, opposite the barracks. On several occa- sions I have received complaints from various members of the party in regard to the management of their aft'airs, which does not seem to have been satisfactory since the departure from the district of Dr. Adams on business ; but, as I was unable to obtain an independent interpreter, I was not able to ascertain what was the source of the trouble. I advised them to communicate with Dr. Adams, since when I have had no further complaints. DETACHMENTS. The following are tie detachments at present found by this division: — Henrietta. — One constable and two horses. Jackfish. — One constable and one horse. Onion Lalce. — One non-commissioned officer and two horses. Lloydminster. — One officer, two constables and four horses. PATROLS. I am sorry to say that, owing to the weakness of the division at headquarters, it was found impracticable to carry out any organized system of patrols. Each detach- ment, however, patrolled the different sub-districts regularly, and some other patrols were sent out from headquarters from time to time, but always with some definite police work in view. This was the best that could be accomplished during the year under the circumstances. ASSISTANCE TO INDIAN DEPARTMENT. Escorts were furnished to the Indian agents in my district during the treaty payments. DISCIPLINE AND CONDUCT. The conduct and discipline of the division has been good. DRILLS AND TARGET PRACTICE. Dismounted and ai'm drill was carried on during the year at such times as men were available. All the available men in the division were put through their annual course with the carbine and revolver in the month of August. The shooting was fair, considering the poor condition of the arms in use, which should be replaced by more efficient weapons. PHYSIQUE. The physique of the men of the division' is up to the standard. CLOTHING AND KIT. The clothing and kit is of good quality. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT GRIESBACH 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 CHANGES. Two constables re-engaged during the year, and four recruits were enlisted, all of the latter being sent to Regina. Two corporals and three constables were trans- ferred to the division during the year, and one staff-sergeant, two corporals and three constables transferred to other divisions; whilst one corporal and two constables were permitted to purchase their discharge; another constable was discharged as time- expired, and one for pension. HEALTH. The health of the division has been good, there having been no contagious diseases. DEATHS. I regret to have to report the death of Assistant-Surgeon C. S. Haultain, which occurred here on 3fay 20 last. HORSES. The horses of the division are well and in good condition, their health during the year having been good. Five remounts were received during the year; no horses were cast. Five were transferred to ' F ' division, being the number which were at Saskatoon when that detachment was handed over to the Prince Albert district. DESERTIONS. There were no desertions during the year. ARMS AND AMMUNITION. The arms in use here are pretty well worn out, and it is impossible to make good shooting with them; but, as I understand that they will shortly be replaced by a modern weapon, I need say no more about them. The ammunition is complete and in good condition. ARTILLERY. L have in my charge here three muzzle-loading guns : one 9-pounder steel gun and two 7-pounder brass guns. The 9-poiinder and its carriage are in good order and fit for service ; the carriages of the 7-pounders, however, are in bad condition and inifit for further use. IIAHNESS AND SADDLERY. The harness of the division is very old. and the leather perished and worn out through fair wear and tear. The greater part of it has already been condemned, and a complete new equipment is required to bring this division up to a state of efficiency. The saddlery, on the other hand, is in good order and sufficient for present require- ments. TRANSPORT. The transport is mostly new and in good condition, but more is still required, and has been asked for, to meet the reqiiirements of the coming year. 28 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE FORAGE. 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 I The forage supplied at this post by contract is of excellent quality. The hay was put up by one contractor in two stacks of 50 and 25 tons, costing $6.75 per ton. The contract price of oats is 44 cents, being double that of last year. TELEGRAPHS AND TELEPHONES. The government telegraph from Qu'Appelle to Edmonton passes through Battle- ford, at which latter point there is an office. There is also a telephone service between the town and the barracks. FIRE PROTECTION. A fire-engine, complete with all hose appliances, is kept in a small house next to the well, which is in the centre of the square. There are three water-tanks in various positions in the inclosure, and as far as possible all necessary precautions are taken to prevent the outbreak of fire. Stovepipes are kept clean, and the buildings supplied with fire-ladders, babcocks, fire-barrels and water-buckets. WATER SUPPLY. The water supply for the post is drawn from a well, 70 feet deep, by means of a pump driven by a windmill, which latter, however, is now out of repair, and I think worn out. This also applies to the pump, which should be replaced by a stronger one of more modern construction. On account of the windmill and pump being out of order, water is now hauled from the river. ROADS AND BRIDGES. Owing to the wet spring and summer, the roads throughout the district were in bad condition. There was also an unusual amount of traffic upon the Saskatoon to Battleford ti'ail, due to the large influx of settlers in the spring. This latter trail, however, has been greatly improved by the grading of the steep hill on the east side of Eagle creek. The new steel bridge over the Battle river was completed and opened for traffic early in April last. FERRIES. There is a government steam ferry which plies between the north and south banks of the Saskatchewan river at Battleford. There is also a ferry upon the North Saskatchewan river, about six miles below Henrietta, which is a great convenience to the settlers in the vicinity as well as the public generally. I am informed that a new one will be in operation shortly at or near Fort Pitt, which will be useful to land-seekers, the police and others. LIQUOR LAWS. The license system is in force in the district, and from what I have been able to learn, the law regarding it has been fairly well respected and observed. GLANDERS, LUMPY JAW, TYPHOID fEVER, MANGE. Xo cases of lumpy jaw or typhoid fever came under my notice during the past year. There were, however, two cases of glanders at Bresaylor, which were visited by Veterinary Staff-Sergeant Mountford, the animals being destroyed and burnt. An outbreak of mange was reported at Onion Lake, in the summer, among the Indian Department horses, which Staff-Sergeant Mountford also took in hand and treated, supplying the necessary remedies. Soon after his visit I was notified that the animals were nearlv all recovered. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT GRIESBACH 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 SETTLEMENT AKD AGRICULTURE. During the year the district was augmented by the arrival of a large number of new settlers, the greater number of them being members of the Barr colony; but, in addition, many others came in independently. Several land-seekers also visited this part of the country, some purchasing land, some taking wp homesteads, and others expressing their intention of returning to settle here next spring. Most oi the new arrivals and visitors were well pleased with the country. A quantity of fresh land was broken and prepared for next year's crop. RANCHING PROSPECTS. There are many ranches scattered over various parts of the country, the owners of which seem to be well satisfied and progTessive. Cattle and horses do well and are fairly free from disease, and there appear to be good openings for men with capital and energy to embark in this industry with every prospect of being successful in it. CREAMERIES. There is only one creamery at work in the neighbourhood at present, which is a private concern. GAME. Ducks, geese, prairie chicken and partridges were fairly numerous during the past year. Black -tailed deer and antelope are also found in parts, and rabbits are again on the increase. FISHERIES. Fish of various kinds, including whitefish and lake trout, are plentiful in certain parts, especially at Jack Fish lake and in the waters near Onion lake. The police render every assistance in carrying out the fishery laws, when called lapon. RAILWAYS. At present there is no railway in my district nearer than Saskatoon, some 90 miles distant; but it is hoped that this drawback will be remedied in the near future. IMPROVEMENT TO BARRACKS. 'No repairs to the barracks of any importance were effected during the past year. The front of the guard-room was refloored, and such buildings as reqiiire*^ immediate attention were plastered and whitewashed, and one or two chimneys repaired. Gen- erally, however, the barracks require extensive repairs. INDIANS AND HALF-BREEDS. The conduct of the Indians and half-breeds in the district has been fair, although several of the- bad characters amongst them have been punished for various offences, but none of a serious nature. PRAIRIE FIRES. There were several prairie fires in the fall of this year, both on the south of the Battle, and north of the Saskatchewan rivers, from the effects of which there occurred a considerable loss of hay. Two settlers lost their houses, owing to the rank vegeta- tion and high winds which accom.panied the fires, the latter being very fierce. MILEAGE. • The total niunber of miles travelled by the horses of the division during the year was 46.276. 30 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 There is no canteen at this post now, it having been closed in the spring of this year, owing to the small number of men in the division. INSPKCTIONS. The division was inspected by yourself on October 26, this year, and Staff-Ser- geant Mountford came up to Battleford in June, and inspected the horses, finding them in good condition. CRIAIE. I am glad to report that there has been no serious cases of crime in the district during the year ; all those that came under the notice of the police were promptly dealt with. During the year only two cases were sent up for trial at the sittings of the Supreme Court. Henry Ducharme was tried in January for jail-breaking, and Patrick Pri- meau for aggravated assault, both men being sentenced by the judge, and Primeaii being committed to Prince Albert jail. The principal crimes that have been committed during the year are offences against the Indian Act, and those summed up under the heading of Vagrancy and offences against the North-west Territories Ordinances, Classified Summary of Cases in ' C ' Division for the year ended November 30, 1903 :- Classification. No. of Cases. Offence against Indian Act — Supplying Hqnor to Indians. Indians drvu\k . . . . Offences against the person— Attempted murder Assault Carnally knowing girl undtr 14. Offences against property — Horse stealing Theft I Forgery I Fraud False pretenses Unlawful appropriation of money and, good? I Unlawful possessicm of stolen pn)perty. . . .\ OffenceS) against i)ublic morals — Vagrancy Offences against N.W.T, Ordinances — Masters and servants Sabbath day observance Public health Liquor license (ianie , Stray animals Totals 1 10 1 10 3 2 1 1 1 ()6 1 1 3 133 No. of convic- tions. I Withdrawn, I 1 dismissed, or not tried. 04 111 Keiiiarks. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT GRIE8BACH 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 IXCIDEXTS AND OCCLRREXCES. During the past 3'ear, the police at this post have been frequently employed in enforcing various quarantines in different parts of the district; scarlet fever having been virulent in the vicinity of Battleford during the early part of the year, and small- pox at Jaekfish Lake, Bresaylor and Thunderchild's and Moosomin's reserves. The quarantine is still being maintained at the last-mentioned places, but up to date only one death has occurred, that of a very old woman. The disease is reported to be of a mild nature. At the latter end of August, a party, consisting of 1 officer, 3 corporals, and 4 constables, proceeded from Battleford to Calgary to take part in the police rifle matches held at that i)oint. The weapon used in these matches was the Lee-Enfield, of which the majority of the party had had small experience, and, taking this fact into consideration, fairly good shooting was done, on the whole. The division did not take a high place in the ' aggregate,' but I think, if the practice of holding an annual rifle meeting is continued, there will be even keener rivalry, and it is possible that the shooting will be closer. The opening of a branch here of the Bank of British North America is worthy of mention, as showing the strides that are being made in the district, and the wel- come, if only gradual, increase in prosperity. In conclusion, I have to state that I have been well supported by my staff in carrying out the various duties that have devolved upon the division, not only in actual police matters, but in the maintenance of the different quarantines which, from time to time, it was found necessary to establish. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, .A. H. GEIESBACH, Superiniendenf Commanding ' C ' Division. 32 1\'0RTE-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 APPENDIX C. ANNUAL EEPOET OF SUPEEINTENDENT C. CONSTANTINE, COM- MANDING 'G' DIVISION, FORT SASKATCHEWAN. Fort Saskatchewan, Novembei- 30, 1903. The Commissioner, North-west Moiiiited Police, Regina. Sir, — I have the honour to submit for your information the annual report of ' G " Division for the year ending Novebmer 30, 1903. GENERAL STATE OF THE DISTRICT. The district has. during the past year, increased very much in population, owing to the steady influx of newcomers, chiefly American, next in number being Scandina- vians, the Canadians being a close third. The crops, as a whole, have turned out better than was expected, the early part of the summer having been so wet and cold. In May, I was ordered to establish a detachment of police on the Mackenzie river. I left this post on May 30, arriving here on the return journey on August 25, going as far as Fort McPherson, within a short distance of the Arctic ocean. One sergeant and 4 constables were left at McPherson, with instructions to patrol as far as Herschell island, and if conditions warranted, the McPherson detachment to be divided, and if suitable quarters and fuel could be procured at the island, to establish a detachment there. By a report received on November 9, 1903, from Sergeant Fitz- gerald, dated Herschell island, August 21, 1903, he was about to carry out these instructions. At the date of this report, one whaler intended to winter there, the SS. Bowhead, of 290 tons. Captain J. A. Cook. Last winter, two wintered there (Herschel island), the SS. Xanvh.al, cii 389 tons. Captain G. B. Leavett, with 7 officers and 39 men, and the schooner Olga, Captain McKenna, 3 officers and 1 man; the remainder of the crew were natives froi^ the island. Herschell island is about 12 miles long, from 2 to 4 miles wide; it is barren, no trees or scrub growing on it ; wood has to be brought from the mainland, or coal brought up by the whalers for fuel. There are six large buildings on the island, four of which are owned by the Pacific whaling fleet, 2 storehouses owned by the Mission and Captain McKenna, besides 15 sod huts built by the whaling crews at different times. A revenue cutter is needed in the Arctic to guard Canadian fisheries and Cus- toms, which cannot be done without one. Small steamers are also required to work on the lakes and rivers in the Chipe- wyan. Peace River and Mackenzie districts. The Mackenzie River district is barren and desolate, swamp, rock and muskeg being the general character of the country. The capabilities of a region in which the snow lies on the ground for over six months in the year, from an agricultural point of view, is not encouraging, but at nearly all the Hudson's Bay Company's posts (except McPherson) along the Mackenzie river, small plots of land are cultivated, and potatoes, turnips and other hardy vegetables are grown for the use of the posts. I REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT CONSTANTINE 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 do not think that the Mackenzie district, as a whole, will ever siipport a purely agri- cultural community; the amount of arable land is very small, as compared with the total area. Away from the river, frozen marshes, muskegs and shallow lakes cover the greatest portion of the country. The alluvial lands bordering on Slave river, the upper part of the Mackenzie, and on parts of the Liard river, are the best in the district. From Chipewyan, on my return journey, I came out by way of the Peace river, travelling up it for 600 miles to Peace River Crossing. A full report on the Mackenzie River patrol has been sent in. PAY. The pay of the men is not sufficient to induce desirable men to engage. Labour- ers are getting from $1.75 to $2 per day; when such wages are paid to labourers, 50 cents per day with annvial increase of 5 cents per day is no inducement to a man from whom so much is required. Now that the winter months have set in, a few may engage. The least a man should be paid is 75 cents per day, and in his last year should receive $1. Inducements should be given to good men of five years' service to re-engage; good, experienced men are worth it. DISCIPLIXE AND CONDUCT. The discipline and conduct of the division during the past year has been good. One serious breach of discipline occurred, and the offender was dismissed from the Force. In this instance, I am of the opinion that the offence was committed for the purpose of being dismissed. DRILL AND TARGET PRACTICE. ' Very little drill has been done during the past year in the division, because there were no men available for it; the weakness of the division, large number of prisoners and the amount of police work to be done kept all men fully employed. Target prac- tice was gone through, the men on the detachments being brought in for that purpose. The result was good, considering the arm (the old Winchester) used. The Force sadly requires rearming. CLOTHING AND KIT. The supply during the past year has been better than formerly, and the quality good. Fur coats or some warm outer garment are urgently required. HORSES. Ten new horses were sent to the division during the summer, and 8 were cast and sold. On November 23, 1903, horse 2150 died at this post from hemorrhage, and horse No. 2845 is now ill with partial paralysis. FIRE PROTECTION AND WATER. The same as last year. The water supply for the barraclcs is furnished in the old time-honoured manner — horse and cart, with water barrels. ARMS. The old Winchester carbine is still in use, and also the old pattern Enfield revolver. They are not improving in condition. 28—3 34 J^'ORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 HARNESS AND SADDLERY. Harness requisitioned for two years ago has not yet been received. Two sets for the north, i.e.. Lesser Slave Lake and Peace River Landing, were bought and sent out. The harness in use in the division is no longer safe. The saddlery is in good order. TRANSPORT. Summer and winter transport is in good order, the number of heavy wagons are in excess of the requirements. A couple of light ones would be useful. FORAGE. The hay furnished by the contractors up to date is good. Tenders for oats are not yet out. The price will be above last year's. TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONES. The telegraph lines are the same as last year. There is telephonic communication between Edmonton, St. Albert, Morinville, River qui Barre to the north-west, with and between Ellei-slie, Strathcona, Beaumont and Leduc to the south. The line be- tween Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan, on the south side of the river, has been built, and we are now able to communicate from the orderly room with any of the places aforementioned. The Bell Telephone Company are building a long distance line from Cardston to Edmonton. RAILWAYS. Some grading has been done on projected lines. * QUARANTINE. There have been but few cases of infectious diseases during the past season. These were at once quarantined, and so far as is known the districts are now free. INDIANS. The Indians have been fairly well behaved. Quite a number of cases of drunken- ness among them have occurred. These have been dealt with chiefly by the different agents on the reserves and elsewhere. Convictions were secured for Indian drunks, for liquor in possession on the reserves, and for the actual supplying of the liquor. The usual escorts were furnished for the annual treaty payments. LAND AND HOMESTEADS. Land has been taken up rapidly. Up to November 1, 3,343 homesteads were taken up, an increase of 1,960 over last year. GAME. Small game is plentiful. PRAIRIE FIRES. A few have occurred in the eastern and south-eastern parts of this district; some stacks were burnt, but no great damage done at any time. There have been 13 convictions for this offence. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT C0N8TANTINE 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 IMMIGRATION. The immigration has been great during the past year. There is an increase of 8,867 over last year. The nationalities and number are as under : — English 915 Scotch 840 Irish 743 Germans 1,757 Scandinavians i,570 Americans 9,230 Canadians 2,266 Galicians 900 Other nationalities 760 Total 19,981 The settlers' effects which passed the customs between Calgary and Edmonton amounted to $133,663. ROADS AND BRIDGES. The roads in this district are as bad as it is possible for them to be. The high water of last summer carried away the bridges in many districts, which in many in- stances have been replaced by good substantial structures. FARM IMPLEMENTS. Farm implements to the value of $155,700 have been sold this year. This amount includes 18 steam threshing machines. BARRACK . BUILDINGS. New quarters for ,the division sergeant-major have been built. Buildings painted so far as weather and men would permit ; 3 still require repainting, also the roofs of a couple of the outbuildings. This will be done in the spring. DIVISION LIBRARY, &C. The books of the library of this division, have t»een bought entirely by subscrip- tion among the men of the division, who contribute monthly for the purchase of new books. There are about 300 volumes at present in the library. POLICE RESERVE. The entire police reserve has been fenced in during the past summer, and we now have a good, safe pasturage for our horses. FUR. The fur catch has been a large one, exceeding that of former years very consider- ably. The amount purchased is not known, as the dealers do not care about giving figures. One firm paid out $108,000. 28—34 36 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 FUEL. The fuel in this district has increased in price. The contract for coal at this post is $3.75 per ton; at Edmonton it is $3.50. The contract for wood has not heen let; 50 cords were bargained for at $3 per cord, and is being delivered. MILEAGE. The number of miles travelled by the horses of this division during the past year are 104,975 miles. This does not include the past three months' travelling done by the horses north of the Athabasca Landing, which returns are not in up to the date of this report. The trails have been in a terrible condition, and the mileage does not represent the work done. The work of the district has increased enormously in the past year. The rapid settlement has called for greater exertion on the part of the police. The strength of the division has not increased, but the amount of work has, and no allowance is made for the small number of men to do it. The clerical work never appears 'to end, new forms to be filled up, and new returns to be made. On the detachments, where there is only one man, he is busy during the day outside, and has his office work to do chiefly in the evenings. His whole time is thus occupied. Crime is greatly on the increase, the principal crimes being horse-stealing, for- gery, crimes in connection with females, maiming stock, and assaults of a more or less serious nature. As regards the offence of horse-stealing, the country is so broad and vast, that until there are sufficient men to keep a constant patrol going about the country, this crime will not be checked, and so long as parents will allow their daughters to run loose without any parental authority being exercised, so long will these offences against females be committed. The men of this division are entitled to every credit for the manner in which thev have done their work during the past year. The followin«f table t^ives a classified summary of the cases entered and convictions made in ' G ' Division during the vear ended Nov. 30, 1 903. Crime. Cases entered. OflFenees against the jjerson — i Manslaughter j Assault ; M aggravated Rape and attempted rai)e Seduction . . Robbery with violence Kefiising to support wife and family .... Shooting and wounding Intimidation Aiding and abetting to connnit indictable offence Infanticide ' Concealment of birth . . Con- victions. I Dismissed, I withdrawn or not tried. 62 2 Remarks. 1 13 2 5 1 •1 .3 1 awaiting trial. 1 awaiting trial. J REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT CONSTANTINE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 I CRIME — Concluded. 37 Crime. Offences against property — Theft ... . . . : Horse stealing Burglary and housebreaking Killing or wounc ing stock Cattle stealing . . . False pretenses Trespass Damage to property Digs worrj'ing cattle Cruelty to animals . . Receiving stolen goods Forgery ... Obstructing railway line Offences against public order — Carrying concealed weapons Offences against religion and morals — Vagrancy Drunk and disorderly and creating a dis turbance Carnally knowing a girl under 14 years. . . . Profanation of the Sabbath Keeper of house of ill-fame.. Inmate i. Indian dance Offences under the Indian Act — Supplying liquor to Indians . . Indian drunks Desertion from Indian school Liquor in possession on reserve . , . . Corruption and disobedience — Escaping from custody Obstructing peace officer Contempt of court Jumping bail Offences against N.W.T. ordinances- Masters and Servants Act Game ordinances Prairie fire Liquor ordinance Insanity Fisheries Illegally practising medicine Estray ordinance Drunk while interdicted , Fencing across roads Breaking quarantine Dominion Lands Act School ordinance Pollution of streams Fence ordinance Pound keeper Peddling Road ordinance Total Cases entered. Con- victions. Dismissed, withdrawn or not tried . Remarks. 57 26 I 3 2 5 2 3 1 5 2 32 8 3 2 3 3 "4" 2 2 25 18 2 3 5 1 awaiting trial. 4 awaiting trial. 1 sent to Lethbridge. 1 awaiting trial. 1 withdrawn. 2 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 awaiting trial. 2 7 2 7 57 1 3 1 1 1 57 1 1 not arrested. i 1" 1 2 . 1 7 7 6 1 3 11 3 7 4 1 2 3 1 10 7 15 11 13 1 5 6 5 1 2 2 1 1 1 I 1 2 1 2 3 1 3 2 3 5 7 7 13 8 8 1 5 4 5 1 2 2 • 2" 1 1 1 1 1 2 421 293 128 38 NORTH-WEST MOl'NTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 DISTRIBUTIOX STATE. The strength of the division, all ranks, is 56. There are not sufficient men to do the work. All the detachments should be doubled in number. New settlements are calling for police which it is impossible to supply. Schedule of civilian prisoners committed to, and released from, the guard-room at Fort iSaskatchewan, from December 1, 1902, to November 30, 1903 : — Total number of prisoners received (male) 91 " " " (female) 5 96 Total number of prisoners discharged (male) ... 80 " " " (female) , 5 . 85 Total number of prisoners serving sentence (male) 7 " " awaiting trial 4 " " serving sentence (female) Nil. 11 Total 96 I forward herewith the report of Inspector West, commanding Peace River sub- district. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, C. CONSTANTINE, Supt. Commanding ' G ' Division and Edmonton District. REPORT OF INSPECTOR C. H. WEST, PEACE RIVER SUB-DISTRICT. Lesser Slave Lake, November 30. 1903. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of the Peace River sub-district for the year ending November 30, 1903. The year has been an emphatically prosperous one for those connected with the fur trade generally. The prices have been high, and the quantity of fur caught consider- ably exceeds that of last year. The price of marten was rather lower, but the rise in other fur more than balanced any loss occasioned thereby. Each year competition becomes more keen and new traders commence operations here and there. Coal is reported to have been found, but none has been mined yet. From samples seen it appears to be of inferior quality, but there is no doubt of the coal existing, not only along the Peace river, where several claims are said to have been started and where large quantities are known to exist, but at Lesser Slave lake. The samples seen have been taken from the surface, but perhaps by going deeper the quality might im- prove, at least that is the general opinion. Although transport facilities have increased by the R. C. mission having a steamer on the Peace river, which runs from the crossing up to Fort St. John and down to Vermilion and the Chutes rapids, over 500 miles without a rapid, the cost of travelling has not decreased to any extent at present, and the accommodation is most primitive ; however, the Hudson's Bay Company are going to build a stern-wheeler for the Peace REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT CONSTANtlNE 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 viver, which will he ready to run next fall to hring up the company's fur from Ver- milion and their goods to St. John from Peace lliver crossing. This will mean real comfort when travelling up and down the Peace, and not continued discomforts, and sometimes hardships, as it has been in the past. There is another stem-wheeler about to be put on the Athabaska river, running between Lesser Slave lake and the Land- ing and points on the Athabaska, such as Pelican, Portage and Grand Rapids. This steamer will be owned by Messrs. Cornwall and Woods, the former of the firm of Bredin dk, Cornwall, and the latter a carpenter at Athabasca Landing. The hull is already built and the necessary machinery said to be ordered. Messrs. Cornwall and Woods purpose building warehouses at different points along the river for the storing of freight^ and the outlook seems to be a bright one. A few settlers from the outside, mostly Swedes and Norwegians, have come and settled in the vicinity of Lesser Slave lake for farming and ranching purposes. They seem to be an industrious and thrifty class of people, and I have no doubt will do well. The crops have in places suffered a good deal from the frost, both here and at T'oace River, but some were fortunate enough to escape the frost altogether and in con- sequence have had fairly good crops. Mr. A. Brick, of Peace River, has one thousand bushels of good wheat, which the Hudson's Bay Company offered $1.50 per bushel for Uuided at their Vermilion flour mill, and this could have been easily done by rafting down, but I luiderstand Mr. Brick asked $2 which the company was not prepared to give. The company's representative at Vermilion is selling the farmers of that district all kinds of farm implements at cost landed, to encourage grain raising, in the hope of having wheat enough grown to supply their large mill, their ambition being to tvirn out enough flour to supply their posts in the far north, as wheat bought at $1.50 per bushel at Vermillion and milled there could be sold a good deal cheaper than flour shipped from Edmonton, on account of the enormous freight rates. Before the mill was running, strong bakers' was selling at $10 per hundred, and now the price is $6. Last winter was comparatively mild, with less snow than usual, the spring was cold and dry, and then we had almost continuous rain, so that the hay crop was a poor cne and several parties here are going to be completely out of hay long before next year's feeding time, but some of them are making the best of a bad job, and are now cutting hay on the ice. Several parties passed here last spring en route to the Grand Prairie and Spirit river country, and a few with cattle via Lac St. Anne and Sturgeon lak^ with the in- tention of settling at the former places, some of them to take up land for farming purposes, some prospecting for coal, timber, &c., and a few in connection with the Grand Trunk and Canadian Northern Railways to locate a pass through the moun- tains. A good deal of excitement seems to have existed about the Grande Prairie coun- try last summer and winter, and several came in to look through the country, but as they did not find it the paradise they expected, most of them returned, and I hear, con- demned it as being no good. It was much the same with the overland travellers to the Klondike a ,few years ago, only on a much smaller scale. They were not prepared to encounter hardships, to work hard for success, or pay high prices for the necessaries of life. It is no use anybody coming in here, with the present difficulties of transport and high prices, without funds. The soil is fairly good and in places near Lesser Slave lake, very good, and it only awaits the hand of the hardy pioneer to turn it into a paying wheat producing country. The Mackenzie district, including Great Slave and Athabaska lakes, will in all probability be nothing but a fur-bearing country as far as we know at present. Quartz is there in large quantities, but whether it is of a paying nature has yet to be known, as it has not been prospected to any great extent. During the year Superintendent Constantine visited the sub-district and inspected the detachments under my command, and left Lesser Slave Lake on his way to Fort Saskatchewan on August 20. 40 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 During the year Sergeant Anderson attended treaty payments at Whitefish Lake, as I was unable to leave on account of sickness at home, and at the Church of England Mission, but I attended the other points and was away most of the summer, attending payments at Sturgeon Lake, Lesser Slave Lake, St. John's, Dunvegan, Peace River Crossing, Vermillion, Little Eed River, Chipewyan, Fort Smith, Fond du Lac, Resolu- tion and Hay River, whei'e everything went off in a quiet and orderly manner. Mr. Conroy was the agent, and Mr. Round secretary. There were several cases of sickness among the Indians at the different places visited, but nothing of a serious nature. The Indians seem to be prosperous in their way, fur plentiful everywhere and the prices high. The provisions left by the government at each point for the sick and destitute, go a long way to aid those who are too old to hunt or rustle for themselves. As far as I have been able to find out the Indians are satisfied with the way they are treated by the government, and bands outside the treaty limit at Mackenzie river and Great Slave lake are anxious to become treaty Indians. Of course there are some who are never satisfied; the more they get the more they want, but such cases are luckily only a few and their opinions apparently have very little weight with the others. The re- serves here have been visited and everything found quiet and satisfactory from a police point of view. Last winter a dance called the Lame Dance, in which the giving away of articles formed a feature, was started by a half-breed from Lac St. Anne, but was stopped by the police, and for a time it died down; however, it started again after my departure to attend treaty payments, and was again stopped by the arrest of two half- breeds who gave the dance, but who were discharged by W. F. Bredin, J. P., it being the first offence of that nature tried here. Since then they have been discontinued. LIQUOR. I would suggest, as I have several times before, that permits be limited to two gallons per man every year, and then only when recommended by responsible parties, who are personally acquainted with the applicants. This, of course, does not apply to the missions who, besides sacramental purposes, have other calls made upon them, which I can testify to from personal experience. As I have already re- ported, essences of all kinds should be prohibited from this country. Only a small percentage of the population require it for flavouring purposes, and I think it should be obtained in the same way as liquor, viz., under permit.* PATROLS. Long patrols have been made by the men under my command from time to time, but less frequently than last year, on account of sickness at the detachment, and build- ing operations in progress during the year, but a strict lookout has been kept for illicit liquor, and none has been found without a permit. All freight coming in is searched PS far as possible, and frequent visits through the settlement at all hours of the day and night have been made. I would here say that patrolling on Lesser Slave lake in the summer time is at times dangerous, especially in an eighteen foot canoe, on account of the strong winds which arise in an incredibly short time, and Superintendent Con- stantine had a positive proof of this when crossing the lake on his return trip to Fort Saskatchewan. I would request that if possible a larger canoe for this purpose be supplied and shipped up this winter. TRAILS. The trails all through the country have been in a terrible state and this fall it has been almost impossible to get freighters to travel from Lesser Slave lake to Peace river. ♦ Note. — The North-west government notified on the 14th December that they had decided to discontinue the issue of permits for the present. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT CONSTANTINE 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 The trails to Sturgeon lake and Whitefish lake have been equally bad. Several horses have died since their return from Peace river, and there are several carcases on the trail. In my opinion, winter is the only time when freight can be handled on a paying basis by anyone in the country, particularly from here to Peace river, as it is generally a good road in the winter time. We hear that the government intend cutting a road from the Peace to the Pelly river. Such a road would, in my opinion, be of great benefit to the country. It would open up new fields for trading purposes and would show the world the immense amount of timber said to exist through that region. It might also be the means of establishing a good all-Canadian overland route to the Yukon. BUILDINGS. In addition to the officers' quarters and stable erected last year, an ice house, 12 by 14 feet, out of logs cut and hewn last winter by the members of the detachment, has been built. A new fence, 500 by 550 feet, has been built round the detachment; also a hay corral. 125 by 200 feet HARNESS. Two new sets of double harness have been received from you during the past year, one for here and one for Peace Kiver. They are both as good as ever. HORSES. The ponies are in good condition, both here and at Peace River, with the exception of pony 167, which I have already reported upon as being too old and generally used up to be of any use for police work. The dogs on charge were summered by an Indian on the lake, and have been brought back in good shape. Whitefish are as plentiful as ever in Lesser Slave lake; increasing if anything. This is probably due to the consumption being less, as the dogs are gradually disappear- ing, and more beef cattle killed each year. At Sturgeon and Whitefish lakes, the fish are scarce and of poor quality, but I am told they are increasing again, especially at White- fish lake. • GAME. Moose, cariboo, bear, geese, ducks, &c., are very plentiful, but I regret to say that buffalo are at a standstill, and the musk ox are not increasing as they should. This is due to the wolves, which are steadily on the increase. A few years ago it was a common thing to see a single wolf track, biit now the tracks show that they are travelling in bands of from 10 to 15 or more, and the Indians claim they had 14 ponies destroyed by them last winter at St. John's. I beg to recommend that a bounty be placed on each wolf killed. HEALTH. I regret to say that Sergt. Anderson was twice off duty during the year, first from an axe wound on the foot, received while felling tamarack trees for fencing purposes, and again when he was laid up with rheumatic fever, already reported upon. The lest of the members of these detachments have been in good health. Th !t3 I 1 1 t/3 1 0 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 17 3 6 33 .5 34 6 3 . . . .>7 Pincher Creek () 2 1 i \ 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 ■ 3 1 ... . 1 2 2 1 5 2 1 2 2 5 3 '2 1 1 _ I 2 ■ ' 2 TowTi Patrol ■■■i '...:.. Stand Off 7 1 4 Card ston 1 . . . 1 1 ... ^. 1 1 2 1 .... 4 2 o .5 2 2 1 5 2 . i . . . 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... 1 2 Totals 1 4 1 6 .3 4 36 11 66 68 ' 75 PATROLS AXD OUTPOSTS. Inspector Irwin is in charge of the Cardston sub-district, to which are attached the detachments of St. Marys and Boundary Creek. The southern portion of the Blood reserve is under his immediate supervision. REPORT OF SLPERINTENDENT PRIMROSE 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Inspector Davidson is in charge of Pincher Creek sub-district, to which are attached the detachments of Frank, Blairmore and Kootenai. The coal mines are in this district, and law and order are well preserved. Inspector Walke is in charge of the Stand Off sub-district, to which are attached the detachments of Big Bend and Kipp, and the greater part of the Blood reserve work falls to the lot of this sub-district, as they are so placed to do this work, viz. : one at each end and one in the centre. Inspector Wickham is in charge of the Porcupine sub-district, to which is attached the detachments at Peigan, Claresholm and Nanton. The officers in charge of these sub-districts travel round the detachments under their command, inspecting them, receiving reports from the N.C officers in charge, and advising them in case anything unusual occurs. In addition to this they make patrols into different parts of their commands, and by keeping up a friendly intercourse with the settlers, are able to cement the high respect which is shown throughout this district for the police. This coming year I intend to pay more attention to the patrols, and shall make some changes in tlie system in the way of improvement. INSPECTIONS. The Assistant Commissioner inspected the headquarters of the division from August 17 to 20, and inspected Pincher Creek detachment on the 21st. At headquarters he inspected the transport, harness, saddlery, stores, the men's kits, the arms, equipment and accoutrements, the horses, books, &c., and examined the men in foot and mounted drill, police duties, rules and regulations, and permanent General Orders of the Force, the Police Act, North-west Ordinances, the Criminal Code, &c. The detachments, with a few exceptions, were inspected once each month by the officer in charge of the sub-district. The officer commanding inspects the barracks once each week, the acting surgeon last week as to its sanitary condition, and the sergeant- major has a weekly inspection of the men's arms and accoutrements. HORSES. On. November 29, 1902, we lost eight horses, which were transferred to Regina. In June, 1903, eight remounts were purchased, four of which are in teams, and four under the saddle. They are doing very well, but of course have not been able to do very much. In October we secured four very nice horses, being the two prize horses at the Macleod and Pincher Creek fairs, which, together with a remount purchased by your- self at Cardston shortly before, are doing finely, and next year should be very valuable horses to us. During the year eight horses were cast, and in the fall a good horse was transferred to Depot with Inspector McGibbon. In the face of our losses, and the little which the remounts did, the remainder of the horses did about 18,000 miles more than was travelled the year before, as the mileage this past year has been 169,000 miles. There are quite a number which should have a rest, as, if they do not, we are going to have some break downs. We have a few yet which should be cast, and I require about ten more to enable us to rest up the twenty-one horses who have tra- velled over 3,000 miles each in the past year. In my report for 1902 there were only ten horses who travelled over 3,000 miles each in that year. Horse Eeg. No. 2,773, which was bred and raised in the force, having reached the age of five years, was taken on the strength, and put to regular work. gg XORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904- SADDLERY AND HARXESS. Our saddlery is in first-rate condition, and we are amply supplied; but the same is to be said as last year, we are in need of more harness, though not to the same ex- tent, as during the past year we have received three sets of wheel harness, one each for Macleod, Cardston and Stand Off. We are still very much in need of one light and one heavy four-in-hand set for Macleod, and one wheel set for Pincher Creek. TRANSPORT. Our transport is in good order, but requires to be repaired very frequently. One new heavy wagon will be required, and also one new running gear for a new water tank, the present one being too heavy, as referred to under water supply. DRILLS, TARGET PRACTICE, &C. Owing to the division being so much vuider its nominal strength, I have not had the men available to put them through a proper course of mounted and dismounted drill. The annual target practice, like the annual drill, has had, to a great extent, to be sacrificed; however, under the direction of Inspector Walke, who acted as range officer, the majority of those who went through showed a decided improvement. The very high water in the Old Man's river this season interfered greatly with our target prac- tice. By taking a ford just below the town the trip to the butts is shortened by some miles, enabling us to put the time saved into shooting, bvit most of the season the river was too deep to ford, compelling us to go round by the ferry, which was a great loss of time. The target practice party left the post every morning at 6.30 and returned in the evening. The highest score with the carbine was made by Corporal A. Ponton, and the highest score with the revolver was made by Sergt.-^Iajor Raven. I sent a team to Calgary to attend the regimental rifle meeting, and, considering the very little practice had, and also not having had any whatever with the Lee- Enfield rifle, they made a very creditable showing indeed. In constabulary work I contend that all men should be efficient revolver shots, and this can only be accomplished by having a good up-to-date weapon wirli which to prac- tice. ARMS, AMMUNITION AND ARTILLERY. This division is well supplied with the Lee-^Metford carbine and Enfield revolver. As I have suggested elsewhere, our present revolver is a very poor weapon at best, and for constabulary work a man would naturally depend largely upon his revolver for defence, and the prevention of the escape of prisoners, therefore, this weapon should be the best. Our artillery branch consists of two 9-pounder R.^I.L. guns and two bronze mor- tars, all of which are in serviceable condition. We have ammunition for these in the magazine, but of very old make. CONDUCT. The conduct of tlip division has been, on the whole, very good. REPORT OF. SUPERINTENDENT PRIMROSE 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 To a young man who is unaceu:?toined to it, discipline must be more or less irk- some, and a large proportion of the men of this division liave only a very short service in the force, and I should like to point out to you that owing to our being so very short-handed, and the amount of work to be performed, the men have had no opportuni- ties or time to indulge in any out-of-door amusements, which I consider lias not a good influence, HEALTH. The health of the division has been very good, in fact it is 20 per cent better than it was last year, but of course the strength is nn;ch less. CLOTHIXG AXD KIT, Is of good quality, with the exception of the i)ea-jackets, which are becoming shabby, RATIONS. The rations supplied have been of excellent quality and up to contract, but I should like to repeat my suggestion of last year, viz., that in making contracts for beef, the word ' meat ' might be used instead, meaning beef, mutton and pork, and thus the men, instead of eating beef 365 days of the year, would secure a variety of meat food with little, if any, additional cost to the government. GENERAL STORES. The iron cots now in use are in a very bad condition. They have been repaired and strengthened as nuich as possible, but the springs and end pieces are continually break- ing out and get beyond repair. Fifty good cots are required. WATER SUPPLY. The water supply for the post has, as in the past, been obtained from a spring near the barracks, and hauled up in a big tank drawn by four horses, which took two men to fill owing to its height. I have now put a pump in the spring, which has enabled me to take off one of the men, and I have also taken off two of the horses, which is quite a large saving; but I shall have to build a smaller tank, and place it on lighter running gear, as the present tank is hard on two horses, weighing when full over three tons, I should like the new rumiing gear asked for as soon as possible. FIRE PROTECTION. Our fire protection still remains the same at headquarters here, but a further lot cf Babcock fire-extinguishers have been received and distributed amongst the detach- ments, which gives them a very much larger amount of protection. I am thanlvful to be able to say that the ' fire alarm ' was not sounded for any fires in barracks, though we turned out twice during the year to attend fires in town, which, had it not been for our fire engine, would have caused very considerable loss in both instances. CANTEEN. The canteen is still kept going, but is very irregularly opened for biisiness, owing to the man who is in charge having to perform many other duties. It is, however, in 88 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 a flourishing condition, and lias made grants during the year to the division amount- ing to $320. GENERAL, Our late comrade, Assistant Surgeon Haultain, who was transferred to Battleford in October, 1902, died there, I very much regret to say, in May,, and at his own request his remains were brought to Macleod and buried here with military honours on May 27. A cultured gentleman, and gifted with many attainments, he leaves a gap which is hard to fill, which was amply testified to by the large concourse of sor- rowing friends who attended his funeral. Inspector Walke was transferred to this division in May, and Inspector McGibbon was transferred to Moosomin in August, and I would point out that no one has as yet been sent to replace the latter. In nearly every walk of life in the past twenty years wages have gone on increas- ing, but, I regret to state, the same scale of pay still maintains in the police force, and I would like to urge for your consideration that something might be done to remedy this, and more particularly for the men, as they certainly are not paid sufficiently in proportion for the important work they do. To illustrate, — I am at present employing a constable, whose pay is seventy -five cents per day, on detective work, for which we have to pay a Pinkerton employee eight dollars per day. I wish to bring to your notice the hearty manner in which the whole of the divi- sion have responded to the increased calls made upon them for the suppression of crime, and in this connection, when it is considered that the bulk of the constables have only short service, and have had very little experience in criminal work, I think they are deserving of great credit. To my officers I am greatly indebted for the painstaking manner in which they have attended to the multiplicity of duties which have come before them, and I would further state that they have given me their loyal support. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, P, C. H. PRIMROSE, S^iperintendent Commanding ' D ' Division. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT MORRIS 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 23 APPENDIX G. ANNUAL EEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT MORRIS. COM:\rANDINCT 'F' DIVISION, PRINCE ALBERT. Prince Albert, November 30, 1903. The Commissioner, North-west jMounted Police, Regina. Sir. — I have the honour to submit the following as my report for year ending November 30, 1903. The multifarious duties required of us have been faithfully performed, and there is little to add to my last report. FARM LANDS. The advance in farm lands in this district within the past year have, roughly speaking, been from 33 to 50 per cent. Wild lands, which a year ago sold for $3 per acre, now sell for $5 and $6. Lots in the town of Prince Albert have gone up 50 per cent. GENERAL. The acreage under cultivation this year was very nearly double last year's, and on going through the various settlements, I noticed a great deal of new land being ploughed. Potatoes last year were sold at a dollar a bushel, and even at that figure the demand could not be supplied. This year the crop has been a fairly good one, but from what I can learn, it is very doubtful if the supply will be sufficient for the district. The four lumber mills have in their employment in the bush au average of 100 men in each camp, and there is no excuse for any able-bodied man looking for work in this vicinity, the lumbermen not being able to get sufficient hands. A large number of the Barr colonists who came from Saskatoon to Prince Albert, have been employed in the mills all summ^er, and work was found for all the im- migrants, who, arriving too late in the season to start farming operations, secured homesteads and then went out and worked, intending to go back on their homesteads next spring. The C.N.R. construction camps, both at Saskatoon and from Melfort to Erwood, have been unable to get sufficient men, therefore, the grading on this road has not been as much as expected. The C.N.R. hope to be able to have steel laid as far as Melfort this year. The construction camps at Dog Hide creek, are principally composed of foreigners, many of them belonging to the new settlement of Hoodoo, and the German Catholic settlement at Crooked Lake. ^ From Prince Albert to Star City, I believe it is impossible to get a homestead, all the vacant land being homesteaded. or purchased by settlers who intend coming in spring. 90 XORTH-WEST MOISTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 As an instance, last year one could travel from Kinistino to Flett's Springs and only practically see three houses along the trail. This year I noticed a large number of new houses and broken land. Settlements in the North have increased in size this year, and all the best home- steads within 30 miles of here have been taken up. Shellbrook has received a fair quota of new settlers, why this place has not been all taken up before, I am unable to say ; hay, wood and water being plentiful, and a fair amount of clear land suitable for mixed farming on each section. The settlement of Glen Mary, to the east of Prince Albert, has greatly improved within the last year, the majority .of the settlers being Norwegians. In this settle- ment a large number of new buildings have gone up; they have a portable saw-mill which is moved from place to place, to cut the necessary building material. Many of the old half-breed farms have changed hands, and the new settlers have made many good improvements on them. Rosthern has made wonderful strides and to-day possesses seven elevators and one flour mill, all that district is well settled and land which was worth practically nothing .a few years ago, is now very valuable. The first load of this season's wheat sold in jRosthern fetching $1,15 a bushel. Duck Lake has gone ahead more during the past year, than at any other period of its existence. They have now one flour mill and two elevators ; one new hotel has also been built this year. Carlton and Wingard have not gone ahead very much during the year, but at the same time, the farmers are financially better ofi^. Doremy and St. Jouis de Langevin have increased quite a lot with the income of French settlers from the United States and Quebec. Oats, wheat and barley have not turned out as well this year as was expected, and jthe crops in many parts of the district have been below the yield of previous_years. Hay in the immediate vicinity of Prince Albert cannot be had. Duck Lake sup- plying the majority of the hay used here, by shipping it baled. FUEL. Puel in the vicinity of Prince Albert, is becoming harder and harder to get every year, and before long coal will be the principal fuel used in town. INDIANS. Escorts have been furnished to the Indian Department when required for treaty payments. There have been seven convictions against Indians for being drunk and having liquor in their possession. In eight cases of giving liqtior to Indians, convictions were obtained; two con- victions for creating a disturbance on the Indian reserve. I am able to say that the effect of the convictions for giving the liquor to Indiana has done a great deal of good, and now the men who have for some time been in the habit of selling liquor, are very cautious as to whom they sell it to. Inspector Parker reported as follows, re the different Indians he met on his trip to Pelican Narrows : ' All the Indians I met seemed to be well satisfied and have comfortable houses, several spoke about the setting out of poison by white trappers ; they are very nn;ch against it being used, and are afraid it will end their means of malcing a living; a fox dies of poison, a bird eats part of it and goes off and dies, another animal eats the bird, and so on. All the Hudson Bay officers in charge of ].'osts, and free traders whom I have met, say the same thing.' REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT MORRIS 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Below is a summary of cases arising and dealt with in the district, and their dis- posal : — Crime. Offences against administration of law and jxistice — Attempt to escape . . Interfering with police Resisting arresc Obstructing peace officer while in execution of duty. Disobeying summons Perjury Offences against the person — Murder Threats... Wife beating Assaults Aggravated assaults . Unlawfully wounding '. Leaving hole ungiiai'ded Rape Carnally knowirig a girl under 14 years Attempted rape Illtreatment of child Deserting guardian Concealnient of childbirth Offence'' against property — False pretei.se.-?. Mischief Theft Horse stealing Burglary Cattle stealing Arson Destroying property Driving horse without consent Cruelty to animals . . (Offences against religion and morals — Vagrancy Drunk Nuisance s Disorderly conduct Obstructing clergyaian in burial of dead . Drinking to excess Insulting language Keejier of house of ill- fame Inmates of house of ill-fame Fi-ecjuenters of house of ill-fame Offences against public order — Carrying concealed weapons Possessing weapon dangerous to the jjublic ])eace. . . Xorth-west Ordinances — Masters and servants Liquor. Quarantine Insanity Trespassing Pedlirs Prairie fires Game ordinance Herd ordinance . Stray animal ordinance Practicing medicine without qualifications. Indian Act — Diimk on reserve Indian dnmk Liquor in possession Supplying liquor.. Cases Entered. 2 « 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 .50 3 4 1 1 1 2 I 1 3 5 2!) .5 1 1 1 1 1 3 7 35 3 If) 2 3 5 4 5 ii 3 1 It) 2G 16 S 2 :i (I 1 4 1 2 i Dismissed, Convictions.] Withdrawn 'or not Tried. 1 1 44 3 4 13 2 1 1 1 t; 33 3 15 1 3 1 16 3 1 1 1 4 o 9 2 1 1 13 3 19 1 14 2 8 1 i 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 9 7 1 6 92 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD Vil., A. 1904 CRIME. There has been a decided increase over last year, when 91 cases were entered; 73 convictions were made, and 18 were dismissed, withdrawn or not tried. DISCIPLINE. Discipline and conduct of the division during the year has been good, the most serious breach being intoxication. HEALTH. The general health of the members of this division has been excellent. BARRACKS AND REPAIRS. The barrack buildings have been kalsomined, and the division mess, barrack-rooms, wash-room and division" kitchen have in addition been painted. Batoche detachment buildings have been reshingled, and necessary repairs done on buildings. Saskatoon detachment buildings have been kalsomined and put in a good state of repair ; a brick chimney being put in the building used as a store-room DETACHMENTS. The detachments of this division consist of: — Duck Lake, 1 sergeant, 1 constable, 1 interpreter. Batoche, 1 constable. Rosthern, 1 corporal. Saskatoon, 1 inspector, 1 corporal, 2 constables. Fletts Springs, 1 constable. A detachment has also been stationed at Star City, consisting of 2 constables, whose duty has been to look after C.N.R. construction camps. They will be recalled as soon as the railroad work ceases for winter. A great deal of work has fallen on these detachments during the year, on account of the number of immigrants who have taken up land, and new settlements are spring- ing up throughout the district, and consequently patrols, to the various places are only made once a month. PATROLS. In addition to the patrols made by the detachments, a patrol was made to Pelican Narrows by Inspector Parker and Constable Dunning. The whole way from Montreal Lake to Pelican Narrows, via Stanley Mission, was done by dog team hired from the Hudson's Bay Company. This patrol did a lot of good. Another patrol was sent to Green Lake, Inspector Cartwright and Interpreter Mc- Kay going out and investigating reported cases of destitution amongst the Indians and half-breeds. ARMS^ AMMUNITION AND TARGET PRACTICE. The arms of the division are the same as last year. On August 8, best shots of * F ' Division went to Calgary to compete with the other divisions for cups presented to the Force. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT MORRIS 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 It being the first time that this division had used the Lee-Enfield rifle, it is need- less to say that the scores were not as good as they should have been. It is impossible to get a range here of over 600 yards, and the range that the an- nual practice has been done on for some years, is now being fenced in for farming pur- poses by the owners. QUARANTINE. In the beginning of the jear, every available man was employed in connection with looking after small-pox and scarlet fever quarantine, and it was owing to the able way these men went about their duties that the disease did not spread all over the district. A great many cases never came to the notice of the police, till the old ones were better, many of the half-breeds being very careful to conceal it from the police. Several convictions were obtained for infractions of the Public Health Ordinances. PRAIRIE AND FOREST FIRES. The district during the year has been remarkably free from prairie fire, and no report of serious damage has come to my notice. Four cases were tried under the Prairie Fire Ordinances and three convictions obtained. Every year the danger from prairie fires is lessened by new lands being broken for cultivation. A serious forest fire occurred on the north side of the North Saskatchewan river, and did considerable damage to the standing timber. It was utterly impossible to do anything to prevent this fire spreading, and eventually it burnt itself out owing to the wind shifting. * CANTEEN. The canteen is in a flourishing condition. There are no debts and there is a small sum of money in the bank to its credit. HORSES. During the year 2 horses were cast and sold, and the sum of $126 realized, an average of $63 per animal. Horse Keg. No. 2472 had to be shot at Fletts Springs for blood poisoning. This horse had been picketed out, and something frightening him, pulled his picket pin and ran through a barbed wire fence. The mileage return of the division shows that the horses have travelled 70,838 miles during the year. FIRE PROTECTION. The hand fire-engine has been put in good working order this year. Babcock and Stempel fire-extinguishers are kept in each room and also in the other barrack build- ings. DRILL AND LECTURES. During the winter months the men were drilled once a week in the division mess room, lectures were given by Inspector Cartwright on police duties, and by Staff- Sergt.- !lIountford on veterinary matters. 94 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 UNIFORM AND KIT. The uniform and kit supplied are on the whole serviceable. Blankets and slickers are greatly needed in this division. TRANSPORT. The transport has been thoroughly overhauled and painted, and is now in a good state of repair. • INSPECTIONS. The division was inspected by yourself on October 23, when you were good enough to say that everything was very satisfactory. On November 24 IMajor General, Loj'd Dundonald, paid the barracks a visit, and after having gone through them, expressed himself as being well pleased with their condition. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. S. MOKRIS, Supt., Commandinr/ ' F' Division. I REPORT OF SUPERIXTEXDEXT WILSON 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 APPENDIX H. ANNUAL KEPOKT OF SFPERIXTEXDEXT J. 0. WILSON, COMMANDING EE&INA DISTEICT. Eegixa, December S, 1903. The Commisioner, North-west Mounted Police, Regina. Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my report of the Eegina district for the year ended November 30, 1903. OKNKRAL STATE OF THE DISTRICT. The district is more than prosperous; in fact it would have been impossible for the most sanguine to have anticipated any such progress as the country has made dur- ing the past year. Nearly all the small villages have attained the dignity of towns, while Eegina and Moosejaw are now cities. The influx of settlers has been unprecedented and of a very excellent class, a large proportion of them being from the United State?. Land about Eegina has increased almost four hundred per cent ; the same can be said of the city's property. An auction sale of school lands was held in May and June. The highest price paid at Eegina was $37.50 per acre. Owing to the continual wet weather during the summer, the crops have not been as good as last year, the quality of grain on the summer fallow not being as good as that on stubble, although I am informed that owing to the higher prices, the farmers will |;et as much for their crops. Hay throughout is scarce, and the price higher than for years, I would like to bring to your notice a field of oats on a farm south of the reservoir. Eegina, where 1,500 bushels of extra fine oats were threshed off a ten acre field. Considerable progress has been made on new lines of railway. The Canadian Northern have had nearly 500 men employed on their line in the Erwood district, thirty-nine miles of steel were laid. It is anticipated the steel will reach Melfort this winter. The extension of the Areola branch to Eegina has been ahnost completed, and twelve new towns located. About six hundred men have been employed on the Kirkelln branch, 120 miles of steel being laid and 145 graded. Some 400 men were employed on this branch south of File Hills. The nearest station to Fort Qu'Appelle will be Hayward, about nine miles north. Re the extension of the Old Manitoba and North-western Eailway, the steel is now laid to Sheho. fifty miles north-west of Yorkton. and graded at intervals between Sheho and Quill Plains. About 1,200 men have also been employed on the Canadian Northern Eailway, north of Yorkton. and the steel laid to a point directly north of Tetlock. The Canadian Northern is to cross the C.P.E. at the Quill Plains. In addi- tion to this work, a large amount of work has been done by the Canadian Pacific Eail- way in straightening out the track east and west of Broadview. Owing to the large number of men employed on these works, it has been necessary to have the camps patrolled, and special detachments have been maintained at Tan- tallon and Erwood. gg NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 CRIME. I have again to report a large increase of crime during the past year, with also a much larger percentage of convictions, being over 83 per cent. The principal increases have been assaults, thefts and drunkenness. The convictions obtained under the Prairie Fire and Liquor License Ordinance show a very marked increase. The crime report system has worked most satisfactorily. Classitication. Offences against the person- Assault Assault, aggravated Assault, indecent Rai»e and attempted rape, Attempted suicide Miscellaneous Leaving dangerous holes open Bigamy Wounding Intimidation Pointing firearms Offences against property- Stealing registered mail Theft. • Mischief Horse stealing Burglary Miscellaneous Killing and wounding cattle or horses. . Cattle stealing . . Cattle frauds Receiving stolen property House breaking False pretenses Forgery Fraud Trespass Cruelty to animals Bringing stolen property into Canada. . Killing dogs Carrying concealed weapons I'^nlawfully carrying offensive weaix)ns. Carrying loaded firearms Offences against religion and morals- Vagrancy • Dnmk and disorderly, causing disturb- ance . Nuisance Inmates of house of ill-fame Keeper >, i- Frequenter " " ........ Insulting language Using threatening language Defamatory libel Indecency Carnally knowing girl under 14 Slander Offences against Indian Act- Supplying liquor to Indians Indians drunk Cvitting and removing timVier from re- serve . . Desertion from Indian school ... . Drunk on reserve Holding dance Liquor in possession Having liquor on reserve. Trespassing on reserve . . . Cases entered. Convic- tions. 1 7. ."ti Waiting trial. Remarks. lOfi 88 1 i 18 r. 4 1 1 Not yet arrested. 4 1 •> 1 Not yet tried. 2 1 1 4 4 3 o :i 1 •) 1 4 1 Failed to appear 3 1 1 for trial. 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 135 89 42 4 8 8 14 6 ( 1 Not yet arrested. 2 2 9 n 4 6 4 2 3 3 1 1 3 •7 1 2 11 T 3 1 4 2 Not yet tried. o 4 1 4 1 3 1 1 7 o 2 , 4 1 3 1 1 9 9 1 1 4 4 43 41 •_>7S 2(;9 1 1 4 4 3 1 1 7 .T 1 1 30 1 Not yet tried. 30 • 1 2 20 2 l.-j 6 4 2 1 1 '\ 1 1 9 1 r> 4 1 9 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 REPORT OF SUFERINTEyOENT MILSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 CRIME — Concluded. 97 riassifioation. Cases entered. ! Con vie - ' tions. 7 • — Waiting trial. Remarks. Offence* againtst Railway Act- Drunk while in charge of locomotive. . . Stealing rides Misleading justice — Escaping from custody Obstructing peace officer OfiFences against X.W.T. Ordinances — Master.s and servants Quarantine. Herd (iamt- Hide 1 29 ' 85 5 3 9 1 1 78 37 1 a 3 1 2 4 5 8 4 12 2 i • 1 2 Not yet tried. Not yet tried. 29 7 (;i .5 1 ( 1 1 09 37 1 4 3 1 1 4 3 8 4 11 1 22 2 9 2 1 2 1 2 Sunday observance Prairie tire Liquor Engineer Miscellaneous Health Fisheries Illegally practising medicine Hawkers and peddlers Stray animals Village ordinance Pound • Drunk while interdicted. Animal contagious disease . Totals Lunacy 1,104 58 919 58 171 14 Sent to a.-:ylum. Grand totals l,lfi2 977 1 At the beginning of the year I issued a circular to all detachments to warn the newly arrived American settlers that the practice of carrying revolvers was prohibited in Canada. The warning had a good effect, but nevertheless several arrests of Ameri- cans were made for carrying revolvers contrary to the Criminal Code, and the idea that gTins could be pulled out and used to frighten citizens, as is done across the border, occurred in the district once or twice. I quote the following clipping from the Moosejaw ' Times ' as an example : — " The quiet town of Weyburn, on the Soo line, was much disturbed by a man who came from Idaho some weeks ago. He paraded the streets of Weyburn in the afternoon, shooting holes through the verandah of one of the hotels. A citizen who had his head out of a window was ordered to take it in or he would put a hole in it. Another citizen was compelled to hold up his hat while he took a shot at it. When this citizen told him to keep quiet or he would be run in, his reply was that there was no Canadian who could arrest him. He did not stop at this ; he offered to bet $25 that no North-west Mounted Police could arrest him. The Justice of the Pe*e telegraphed to Halbrite for Con- stable Lett, who arrested this wild and woolly man from Idaho in the boarding house. He took the revolver from him. and then with the same gnn he compelled him to }-cld up his hands to receive the bracelets, which were adjusted in quick order. This is one of the many courageous acts done by Constable Lett, who, in the opinion of every one who SPV7 the act. should at least receive several stripes for his cool courageous work. He also arrested two others, completing the three arrests inside of thirty minutes. Our American friends join with us in saying that the time is past years ago in Canada ior one man To rule a town, and that there is nothing better for a man of this type than the North-west Mounted Police, backed up by Canadian law.' 28—7 M 1^'ORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 "Constable Lett has since been promoted to the rank of eorporal, and placed in charge of a sub'district. Twenty prisoners have been sent to the penitentiary from this district during the past year. INDIANS. The Indians throughout the district have given little trouble. Twenty prosecu- tions for supplying liquor to Indians, with fifteen convictions recorded ; fifteen cases of drunk, with thirteen convictions, eleven cases of having liquor on reserve and in possession, with nine convictions. Four were prosecuted for holding heathen dances, resulting in four convictions. We now hold warrants for the arrest of Pawnees and three other Indians of Nut lake on this charge, and although attempts have been jnade to arrest them, we have not yet succeeded in doing so. Escorts were furnished to Indian agents for the annual payments at Touchwood. Nut Lake, Pelly, File Hills, Crooked Lakes and Moose Mountain. All the reserves in the district have been regularly patrolled, and Indians found in towns have been returned to their reserves. In connection with the offence of supplying liquor to Indians, — as so many Indians now dress as ordinary citizens, it is in some instances a difficult matter for liquor ^dealers to know that they are Indians, — I would think it a good thing to have the Act amended, so as to make it an offence for Indians to solicit liquor at any licensed place in the Territories. LUNATICS. Fifty-eight lunatics have been escorted to Brandon asylum during the year. PRAIRIE FIRES. There have been a very large number of prairie fires during the past year, the majority of them in the spring. I regret to report considerable damage to property. Seventy-eight prosecutions have been brought under the Prairie Fire Ordinance, and sixty-nine convictions obtained, nine being dismissed. Of the cases brought to trial, a large number of them have been traced to want of •care on the part of settlers, who, as far as prairie fires are concerned, are a selfish lot, each one caring for his own particular hamlet, and only turning out when ordered to do so. The fire guardians appointed by the North-west government are, in most cases, •conspicuous by their absence. One solitary constable stationed in a district is supposed to be at half a dozen •dift'ereut fires at the same time, and if not able to do this is blamed. I consider the .justices of the peace in most cases too lenient in their punishments. The number of prosecutions does not represent the total number of fires, when the police have not only turned out settlers to fight, but have assisted themselves in putting out the fires, and have svicceeded in saving a large amount of property, although unable to prosecute. DETACHMENTS. The district is divided into five siib-districts : — Inspector Strickland, Wood Mountain sub-district. Inspector McGibbon, Moosomin '• Sergeant Jvmget, Yorkton " Sergeant Smith, Estevan " Corporal Dubuque. Fort Qu'Appelle " Tliese officers and non-commissioned officers are responsible to me for the work in their respective sub-districts. The detachment at Big Muddy has been increased by one non-commissioned officer and three horses. This is one of our most important boundary detachments. I would recommend the building of suitable quarters and stables. The men now board with a REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT WILSON 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 squatter named Huntley. Though the board is good, I do not think it advisable to con- tinue the arrangement any longer than can be avoided. There is no doubt of the ex- istence of a very bad gang of horse thieves and outlaws just to the soiith of this detach- ment in Montana, and secrecy of police movements is absolutely essential. It is almost impossible to have this with our men quartered as they are. The stationing of this detachment has been of immense value to the country, as I am positive that the gang referred to have heretofore operated to a very large extent on our side of the line. A detachment of three constables, wjth a special as cook, was stationed this summer at Pinto Horse Butte, with good results. Another at Livingstone's at the Forks of the Souris, which, from the number of parties passing through with horses this summer, has, in my opinion, been one of the favourite routes for smuggling. In addition to the regular detachments stationed along the boundary, I would strongly recommend that a flying patrol be kept on the move along the line. I have frequently been told by stockmen that there never have been so few horses stolen as during the past season. We have now a detachment at Gainsboro. The lack of men thoroughly trained in police work has been felt, but considering everything, we have had a very successful year, as the percentage of convictions shows. The influx of population has brought the usual number of crooks, and thoroughly 1 rained policemen are more necessary than ever in the history of the Force. As to the b-aining of men for detachment work, the place for them to learn is on detachments under experienced non-commissioned ofiicers. The following table shows the number of men and horses stationed in my district for the year: — Detachment. 53 -2 V "i' t a Q a- 1 § a 1 1 1 1 i' 1 1 1 '5 0) '2 i 0 Remarks. iJistrict office. Reg'ina 2 . . . . 1 . . . Estevan North Portal .... 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii' 2 5 4 2 "i' 1 Oxbow , Weyburn 1 Gainsboro' Mnosejaw j Eegina (town station) 1 S. <^ir Appelle Fort Qu' Apjielle . . Kutawa 1 2 1 2 "l 1 1 "'i' Yorkton 1 Fort Pellv 1 1 l' - Whitewood Wolseley (irenfell CarlyU' Areola 1 . . 1 Tantallon (railway construction). . Erwood '• 11 1 "i" Wood Movuitain Willow Bunch 1 2 •■3- 1 ] 3 1 2 1 1 2 Big: Muddv 1 . . . .« 2 SiniiMcr Dffarh merits— Pinto Horse Livingstone Crown Tiridicr Duty, irintcr months — Roseau River 1 Turtle Mountains Riding Mountain ' 28—7* 100 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD-VIL. A. 1904 DISCIPLINE AND CONDUCT. This has been on the whole satisfactory. Three constables were brought in from detachment for unseemly behaviour, two of whom were dismissed. QUARANTINE. Department of Agriculture. » The woik in connection with this department has increased greatly. Five veter- inary stafE-sergeants have been employed in this district during the year. Reports of rhe work done by them have been forwarded. Glanders has increased during the year. The following is a summary of the work performed : — Horses. Tested and quarantined 319 " destroyed • 91 Destroyed without testing 16 Tested and no reaction 269 Examined only and not tested 435 Tested more than once and released (15 second test; 10 third test) 25 Cattle. Tested 57 Quarantined 4 At North Portal 13,244 horses, 47,280 cattle, 419 mules, 139 sheep and 559 pigs have been examined on entering Canada. At Wood Mountain 1,574 horses entered and examined. The total amount of inspection fees received and remitted from Xovember 30, 1902, to November 30, 1903 : $7,592.56. INFECTIOUS DISEASES. I am pleased to report that during the past year the district has not been visited by any epidemic of disease, as in the year 1902. We have been called upon in all parts of the district to enforce the quarantine regulations, but the number of cases in all instances being small, it was not necessary to employ special men for tlie work. The otiicer in command of Wood Mountain sub-district still acts as sub-collector. This officer makes his retvirns direct to the collector at Lethbridge. Considerable atten- tion has-been paid to Indians smuggling ponies of a very inferior class, with the result that some six bunches were seized, and duty and expenses collected. A large bunch of horses were detained by the Livingstone detachment and duty collected by the sub- collector at Portal. Ten horses were also seized at the same detachment, taken to Portal, and handed over to the collector. I have not been advised as to their disposi- tion. REPORT OF SUPER/NTEXDENT WILSON 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Inspector Strickland seized nine horses in the Wood Mountain sub-district early in November; the man with them escaped. The seizure has been confirmed, and the horses ordered to Eegina for sale. Special patrols have been made along the boundary, with the result that I feel con- fident that less smuggling has been carried on than for some years. The seizure made in May, 1902, has been confirmed, and I think was the means of breaking up a gang who made a business of stealing horses, altering the brands, and selling them throughout Canada. PATROLS, The organized band of horse thieves and outlaws operating in Montana, reported in my last year's report, are still in existence, their number having been increased by three men. At the time of writing, they have confined themselves to the United States, but there is no saying when they will commence their depredations on our side of the line. These men are desperate characters, and being in collusion with a number of ranchers on the United States side of the line, it will be some time before they are rounded up. A short time ago they visited the house of an American settler named King, and took him with them into the bad lands, where they kept him for twelve days. After relieving him of his horses, arms and money, and subjecting him to the crudest treatment, he was blindfolded and turned loose. The reason, it is alleged, for this treatment is that they wished to prevent him appearing against one of their party, who was charged with stealing his household effects and bringing same into Canada. There is, I am told, a reward of four hundred dollars each by the state of Montana for their capture. It is said that seventeen of the Indian police attempted to capture one of their party, but were driven off. Shortly after the abduction of King, an American settler was shot at his shack, about one mile south of line. A patrol of North-west Mounted Police was sent to this place, and were informed that the murder was sup- posed to have been committed by this party. A patrol was sent from Wood Mountain, which connected with one from Maple Creek, but nothing was seen of these men. Until the American authorities take tho matter up with the intention of running them to earth, so long will they be a menace to settlement on the southern boundary. ' It is impossible for us to do anything more than to endeavour to keep them out of Canada, unless with the co-operation of the American oflScials. My last year's report shows how this can be depended upon. The patrols this year have been more extensive than heretofore, and the results obtained most satisfactory. HORSES. The horses supplied for detachment work have generally stood the work well, con- sidering how hard it has been, especially where only one horse is stationed on a detach- ment. CROWN TIMBER. Two men were stationed at Roseau river, Manitoba, one at Turtle Mountain and another at riding Mountain, during the winter, enforcing the Crown Timber regula- tions. In addition, dues were collected at Qu'Appelle and Moose Mountain. Total amount of dues collected, $1,438.05, with thirteen seizures. GENERAL REMARKS. The cost of billeting has increased. Owing to the crowded state of the hotels, it was found impossible to get a room for our men which they could use exclusively for 102 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 themselves. Consequently, we have been obliged to rent small buildings which in most instances are fitted with a cell, and used as office and sleeping room, the men getting their meals at the hotels. I find that the police work is much more effectually done than when the police boarded in hotels. I now have but three detachments, Weyburn, Yorkton and Big Muddy, who have not their own quarters. At the last plaee I trust, in the near future, a suitable detachment will be built. I was absent from the district from June 16 till August 31, relieving Supt. Con- stantine at Fort Saskatchewen, during which time Inspector HefFernan commanded the district. I found everything satisfactory on my return. The detachments have been inspected monthly by the officers commanding sub- districts and officers detailed from Depot division. I have received the hearty support of all ranks in carrying out the work of the district. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, JAS. O. WILSON, Supt., Commanding Regina District. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT BEGIN 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 APPENDIX J. AXXUAL EEPORT OV SUPERINTENDENT J. V. BEGIN, COMMANDING • Iv " DIVISION, LETHBRIDGE. Lethbridge, November 30, 1903. The Commissioner. North-west Mounted Police, Kegina. Sir, — I have the honovir to forward you herewith my annual report of ' K ' Division and district for the year ending this date. GENERAL STATE OF THE DISTRICT. The state of the district during the past year has been very prosperous. Ii has been favourable especially to farmers and to the labouring classes. The stockmen have suffered more or less for reasons hereafter mentioned. The irrigation ditches have been full of water during the whole season, and every one wishing to irrigate his land or garden had all the water required. The season being comparatively wet very little irrigation was needed. There was a great deal of work in the district for the labouring class this summer ; the coal mines, the buildings constructed in Lethbridge and district, the beet sugar factory at-Eaymond, the extension of the A.E. & C. Co. from Spring Coulee to St. Mary's river, the survey on the new canal from Milk riveiLto Raymond for irrigation purposes, and the large amount of repairs to the A.R. & C. Co. from Lethbridge to Coutts employed a great number of men. Never in the history of the district has such a general feeling of confidence in the future development of this part of the Territories been felt as there is now. Great satisfaction prevails in ali classes. On January 3 the Great Northern ran their first passenger train into Lethbridge. The completion of the standard gauge to Lethbridge facilitates the carrying of stock and settlers into the country. It saves transhipment at Great Falls or Shelby Junc- tion. The A. R. & C. Co. have the management of the line as far as Shelby Jimction, which is a divisional point. The company have also put in a standard gauge as far as Raymond, which has been a great convenience to the .beet sugar factory which has recently been established there. The A.R. it C. Co. have also completed grading the extension of their road from Spring Coulee to a point within a short distance. of Cardston, and no doubt early next suuuner will have trains running into Cardston. There is a great deal of work going on in Lethbridge. Besides the erection of buildings which will amount to over $100,000, the town is putting in a system of waterworks and sewerage at a cost of $120,000. Surveys have been made for a canal, the water to be taken out of Milk river, about three miles west of Milk river police detachment. This canal will run to Raymond, a distance of 10 miles, and will supply a large area with water, which will be mostly used in irrigating beet sugar lands. The contract for the canal has been given to an Ameri- can firm. The contractors have already connnenced work and have 175 men and 10f> teams working. They expect to be through this winter. From May 16th to the 18th last we had the most severe snow storm that has ever occurred in this part so late in the year. Snow fell to a depth of two feet in places. 104 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 There was considerable loss in ' dogies,' both on the ranges and those in transit to the ranges. In one instance a whole car load perished. There was considerable loss of calves on the ranges, but the loss of matured range cattle was small. Sheep-men lo-r heavily, especially this year's lamb crop. The storm had its good effects in giving moisture to the land, thereby ensuring the best crops that has ever been raised in this district. The Mormon settlements at Eaymond, Sterling and Magrath are prosperous, and have increased in population and wealth. Raymond is now a town, incorporated last July, and is the biggest Mormon settlement in the district. The population is double that of last year (2,000), the first assessment valuation was $190,000. Municipal assets, 8 mills per $100, and school assessment, $289,000; assets, 15 mills. There are about 400 buildings. An agricultural society was foi-med. taking in Raymond, Magrath and Sterling. The first fair was held this year at Magrath. The town is supplied with water for domestic purposes by piping it from a spring abovit two miles distant from town. The town has a pasture for stock, comprising three sections of land which is controlled by shares. There has been an increase in the number of cattle of 6,000 head. The Raymond capitalists own 4,000 head of horses. The sheep are mostly sold out ; they now own only 15,000 head. The district comprising Raymond, Mag^-ath and Stirling had 2,500 acres in beet culture this year; poor results were obtained. The land had not been worked enough. Better results are expected next year About 350,000 bushels of grain v.'as grown in the district last season. Messrs. Jesse Knight & Son, of Raymond, have built a dipping station on the Milk river, which is worked by a steam engine. They purpose dipping all their cattle whether mangy or not. As mentioned in my report of last year, the Mormons live in the villages and not on their farms, for the purpose of having their children attend school and chiirch and more social intercourse with each other. They have changed a good deal in their ideas. I have heard many of them say that the system cannot work, a man cannot be a farmer and live in town. Quite a few are offering their proper tj- for sale in the town prior to taking up their residence on their farms. There has been a new Mormon settlement formed at 75-mile tank, about 32 miles east of Lethbridge. The place is called Tabor, and there are now over thirty families there. The others, who will come from Utah in the early spring, have taken up 24 townships of land. They now have a store, lumber yard, and are building a hotel. They have a school-house with an attendance of over 30 children of school age. The settlers own over 500 head of cattle, but they will principally go into farming. This promises to be a good settlement. COAL MINES. With the exception of the six days' strike, the mines have worked constantly day and night. During the last six months they have turned out 800 tons of coal per day. The company have coal sheds in the Territories, Manitoba and British Columbia. They now have about 100,000 tons of coal in these sheds for sale. Very little coal is now shipped to Montana. On October 17 the teamsters in the coal mine here went on strike, and were fol- lowed by the miners. They demanded higher wages. In consequence of the strike the mines were shut down for six days. It was the intention of the company to bring miners from British Columbia. I was asked by the company for police protection to protect the new comers against the strikers. I called in at once all the men I could spare from the Millv river sub-district . A meeting of the general manager of the company and the strikers took place, and I was asked to attend. The strikers asked for better terms, which were refused by the company. They were given ten minutes to deliberate among themselves as to whether they would go to work on the old term.s or not. They returned a few minutes after and said they would go to work the following day. which they did on October 23. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT BEGIN 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 AMKRICAX CATTLE. There has been very little complaint from settlers along the line this year regard- ing the encroachment of American cattle. The Montana Stock xissociation have employed line riders, and besides they have built 20 miles of wire fence between the east and west Butte, six miles south of the line. Their action was caused no doubt by the following circular having been posted along the boundary line : — 'Round-up parties entering Canada for the purpose of taking out cattle or other live stock are required to report at the nearest custom house after crossing the frontier, and obtain a permit from a custom officer in the regular way. This permit will be sub- ject to the conditions that the round-up while in Canada shall be accompanied by a member of the police force, or by an officer of customs, whose duty is will be especially to see that Canadian cattle are not disturbed on their ranges, and that American live stock are taken across the line and properly reported outwards, and also that foreign live stock unentered for duty are not branded on Canadian territory. ■ The pasturing of foreign live stock is not permitted without duty entry at the customs house. The owners will be held strictly accountable after June 1, 1903, for keeping foreign live stock out of Canada, tinder penalty of seizure and forfeiture. Casual '' estrays " will be specially dealt with from time to time, but the onus of proof that cattle are '"' estrays " in any instance will rest on their owners. ' (Sgd.) John McDougald, Commissioner of Customs: I might say here that owing to the big snow storm in May, which prevented the lound-ups from operating, one month's grace was allowed iTlontana stockmen to get their cattle across. One American round-up party were caught in the May storm and were completely broken up, their horses all scattered, and they did not reorganize luitil June 1. , PR.URIE FIRKS. On April 7 a large prairie fire started north of Macleod and ran to Little Bow. It was put out by snow on the 9th. On the afternoon of the 9th a tire started close to the St. Clary's bridge. The snow put it out the same evening. On April 20 a fire started about 10 miles north of Writing-on-Stone. The police and all available settlers fought it for two days and nights. It burnt over seven or eight townships. On April 22 a fire started sovith of Magrath. It burned over about 1x2 miles. It was put otit by police and settlers. On April 23 a fire was started by an engine on the C.P.R. in the vicinity of Wood- pecker. It burned over a large tract of cottntry. There was one conviction under the provisions of the Prairie Fire Ordinance. The district has escaped anj- serious fires so far this fall. SHEEP INDUSTRY. The big snow storm in May last has somewhat dampened the spirit of some of our largest sheep-men. Knight & Son have decided to go out of business. Tho largest owners are Knight & Son and McCarthy, of Ila.vmond, and Peterson, north of Grassy lake. These parties now have abovtt 35,000 head of sheep. The lamb crop was poor. Little or no provision was made last year for wintering the sheep. Sheep can- not be successfully raised without hay being put up for them, and good protection beinu- secured for them durinc the winter, such as sheds, &c. 106 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 HOG INDUSTRY. Several ranchers are going into raising hogs. They own from 50 to 150 hogs each, and it pays to feed coarse grain better than to market it. The government imported a lot of thoroughbred boars this spring, and the residents of Sterling importe'l a car load of thoroughbred Yorkshires and Berkshires. There will be a good market for all the pork that can be produced locally. Our butchers are putting in the markei Imcon and hams which are equal to the best imported article. STOCK INDUSTRY. Taking everything into consideration, this has been only a fair year. Last fall and this spring a considerable portion of the range was burnt over, and the growth of grass has not been heavy. Our early frosts killed it before it matured. A Inrge pro- portion of the matured cattle are not in a condition to ship this fall. Some place the proportion at 50 per cent. The prices offered for beef this season have been very Ioav. ;ind some have refused to sell, therefore a large number of cattle are being held over for another year. It is questionable if this is a good policy, as no doubt the banks havj advanced a considerable amount of money on stock interests. This interest will go on, and many of the cattle will not take on miich more weight, and there is a very little outlook for higher prices next year. Beside- the usual range loss will have to be met. STOCK IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. During the year there was imported at Coutts and Pendant d'Oreille 7,921 horses, 4,772 cattle, 7,699 sheep, 152 swine and 53 mwles. During the year there was shipped from Lethbridge to points in and out of the Territories, 1,075 horses. 1,592 cattle and 4,000 sheep. A shipment to the Chicago market was made this fall from Milk river, consisting of 851 head of beef cattle. LUNATICS. There were three cases of lunacy in this district during the past year, and in each the person affected was sent to Brandon asylum. ASSISTANCE TO CUSTOMS. Besides having a constable accompany all round-ups, both Canadian and Ameri- can (operating in Canada), a party of police, under Inspector Duffus, accompanied by Special Cu.stoms Officer Stunden, rounded up and held for customs 100 head of Ameri- can cattle which had drifted across the boundary line at or near Wild Horse lak- . Double duty and expenses were paid on these cattle and they were released. Flying patrols from Kennedy's Crossing to fifteen miles south of Cardston pre- vented a good deal of smuggling, especially in the Lonely Valley district, where there is a good trail, in fact the only trail in that part of the country crossing the boundary- line at a place called Whiskey Gap and leading north to Macleod. passing between Magrath and Spring Coulee. It was believed that goods for the Mormon settlements of Magrath, Raymond and Spring Coulee and also for other points in the Territories, came from Montana by that trail and evaded customs, but no cases were discovered by the thorough system of patrok kept in that district during the past year. Mucli appreciation of the work done l)y the flying patrols was received from the customs authorities. STOCK DISEASE. There has been considerable mange in horses and cattle owned by ranchers named Arnold, Eoy and Rodgers. These horses and cattle were placed under the charge of Inspector Burnett, V.S., who visited the different ranchers and had the stock quaran- tined and treated. The disease is pretty well stamped out. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT BEGIN SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 107 Only three eases of glanders were discovered during the year. Two of the horses were shot by veterinary inspector's orders, and one was treated and released. TELEPHONES. In Lethbridge there is a good service. The telephone line between here and Macleod has not been in operation since being partially destroyed by the flood. The long distance telephone between here and Magrath, Raymond, Spring Coulee, Sterling and Cardston is now in operation and gives a good service. It will be a great help to us, and when connections are made with Macleod and the north (Edmonton) it will he of much more benefit. BRIDGES. With the exception of the one at Lethbridge all the bridges in the district have been repaired and put in good condition. The bridge over the Belly river at Lethbridge. which went out with the flood of the spring of 1902. is being rebuilt by the Dominion government, under the supervision of the territorial government. The following table gives a classified summary of the cases entered and convictions obtained during the year ended November 30, 1903 : — Offences against the person — Assault Bigamy Neglect to provide for family Offences against property- Damaging proijerty Cattle frauds Horse stealing . . Cattle stealing Theft Killing a dog Burglary Forgery Fal.^ pretenses Offences against religion and morals — Drunk and disorderly and creating a disturbance. Keeper of house of ill-fame Inmate m h Using blasphemous language . Using obscene language Vagrancy Ofifences against the Indian Act — Supplying liquor to Indians Liquoi in possession Indian drunks . . . . Offences against N. W. T. Ordinances — iNIaster and servants Game ordinance Village ordinance Sunday observance Stock ordinance Insanity Prairie fires Liquor ordinance Brand n Totals O c I „~ ■^ 14 36 36 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 Bigamist not yet located. 6 3 3 6 ."> 1 3 •} ~ 2 .... \ 3 1 ... . 138 117 20 1 , 108 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 DiSTRiBUTiox state of ' K ' Division, Lethbridge, jSTovember 30, 1903. i 1 1 1 o - 1 m 2 1 s I 1 1 "l 1 1 3 g 01 s o Q '5 "3 1 Remarks. « Horses. Station. !) 0 2 1 _5J "-6 'V (!8 02 7 4 3 2 3 1 i' 1 1 .2 i 1 1 "i i' 5 H Lethbridge 8 3 2 • 2 1 4 18 5 3 3 3 1 1 1 i(t Writing-on-Stone 4 Pendant d 'Oreille f) Milk River Ridge .5 Kennedys Crossing 1 Grassv Lake 1 Magrath ... 1 1 Last •> Discharged 2 2 Not vet struck oft' by G.b. 1 On lierd .. ') _1U 1 1 3 2 4 Total ■• L'l 37 .... 19 i 23 1 47 P.\TROLS. ' Parties under Inspector Casey have made several patrols during the past year from the post. They patrolled from Lethbridge to Mclntyre's ranch and south to Milk river, and as far east as ' K ' Division, Milk river detachment, visiting all the settlers on the way. They also patrolled to all the Mormon settlements south. They patrolled from Lethbridge to Vanhorn's ranch on the Little Bow and along that river as far east as. Sun Dial Butte, and also visited the settlers on the north side of Belly river. They also patrolled the south side of Belly river to where it becomes the South Saskatchewan, and as far east as Whitney's ranch, also along the C.P.E.. as far as Bennett's and south on 40 mile Coulee. Inspector Casey personally visited the settlers on the above named rivers, and gained a great deal of useful information. Besides the above. Constable Hall has done a considerable amount of patrollini? in the Little Bow and Grassy Lake districts. Corporal Gillespie has also patrolled th-' Little Bow country. Patrols have also been sent from the post to Kipp's Coulee and Chin Coulee. The N.C. officer in charge of Magrath detachment has patrolled that .part of the country and the vicinity of Raymond thoroughly. Besides the regular patrols of the detachments there have been fl.yiiig patrols sent out in all directions. These patrols were out ten days at a time with pack outfit. They undoubtedly had a good effect in putting a stop to smuggling stock, &c. The patrols from Milk River Ridge detachment connected with those from St. Mary's detachment in ' D ' Division generally in the Lonely Valley country. The patrol mileage was 99,321 miles. HEALTH. The health of the division during the year has been good. Dr. jMewburu treated a good many cases from other divisions where operation was reqiiired. has DRILL AND LECTURES. Owing to the reduced strength of the division, the men in the post were drilled in squad only, and went through the usual spring course. The men on detachment went through the usual setting up and arm drill. REPOl^ OF SUPERINTENDENT BEGIN 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 A course of lectures was given hj myself twice a week during the winter montlis to the men in the post. Those on detachment received lectures monthly by the in- specting officer. TARGET PRACTICE. The division is very much handicapped for want of a good rifle range, and has been so for years. The land for six miles along the river on both sides of the town belongs to the A.E. & C. C, and where a good rifle range could be made the land be- longs to private individuals. In the past year the division had to go to Macleod range for target practice. This year we found a good range two miles from the post, on the river bottom, and obtained permission from the owners to establish a temporary rangt> and the men from the post had their annual practice at this range, those on detach- ment had their practice at Writing-on-Stone detachment. The average points obtained was very good, and a pleasing interest was taken by all members of the division throughout the whole practice. A team of the best eight shots went to Calgary for the annual rifle meeting of the Force. ARMS AND ACCOUTREMENTS. The Lee-Metford carbine is still in use in this division, and is a good arm. Th(^ ammunition is good with few exceptions. The revolvers are the same as last year, the Enfield; they are old and pretty well worn out, and not a desirable weapon for the Force. INSPECTIONS. The post was inspected by yourself on October 1, and by the Assistant Com- missioner on August 22. The Assistant Commissioner also inspected Contts de- tachment and saw nearly all the N.C. officers and constables, also the horses of the Milk River sub-district, who had gathered at Coutts for that purpose. He examined the men in mounted and dismounted drill, in law and the rules and orders of the Force. The detachments were also inspected by myself and Inspector Casey, and were inspected monthly by the officer in charge of the sub-district. The post was inspected weekly by the officer commanding. CANTEEN. The canteen is in a good financial state. IMPROVEMENTS TO POST. Since September last a good many improvements have been done to the post. The old mess kitclien has been painted and a new floor put in' and fitted up for a canteen. The old canteen has been repaired and fitted up for quarters for the sergeant- major. The old sergeants' mess kitchen has been painted and fitted up for the officer commanding's office. The commanding officer's quarters has been painted two coats, part of roof i-e- shingled, and stone foundation put in. The inspector's quarters, the quartermaster-sergeant's quarters and guard-room have had their first coat of paint: roofs repaired, but owing to the cold weather coming on they could not be finished. 110 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 A yard 40 feet square has been built at the back of the guard-room. This was very much needed. The doors of the corridors in the guard-room have been made stronger. A system of dry earth latrines is being installed. I expect to continue the repairs to buildings early in the spring. Over three hundred young trees were planted last spring, of maple and cottonwood. Those planted two years ago are doing well, and in a few years these trees will improve the post considerably. FIRE PROTECTION. We have a hose reel and 600 feet of hose, the same size as used by the town fire brigade. We also have fire extinguishers and a good supply of ladders. There are two fire tanks in the barracks owned by the police, but jvhich form part of the town's fire protection system. These tanks have been repaired tEis fall, and now hold their full capacity of water. The town has a good fire brigade, well equipped, which would be at our disposal in case of fire; their engine would work from our fire tanks. DISCIPLINE. The conduct of the division has been good. HARNESS AND SADDLERY. The harness in use is old, but has all been repaired. One four-horse set and single team set are required. The saddles are good, and we have enough to meet our present requirem«its. TRANSPORT, The transport is in good condition, well painted and numbered. One single buck- hoard only is required for use at Pendant d'Oreille detachment. RATIONS. The quality of rations supplied by the different contractors has been good. The flour for the first time is supplied in this district by the Eaymond Milling and Elevator Company, of Raymond. The oats are supplied locally at $1.80 per 100 pounds, by contract. The hay is supplied to this post and Writing-on-Stone detachment from High River, in bales. No tenders were received in this district for baled hay, and the tenders received for hay in stack were too high. Other detachments are supplied locally with hay in stack. Potatoes are supplied from the district. MISCELLANEOUS. Last October Lethbridge was visited by His Honour the Lieutenant Governor of the Territories, who opened the Agricultural Fair.' The division supplied an escort for His Honour, of one officer and nine N.C. officers and constables. His Honour very highly complimented the men on their appearance and the manner in which they per- formed their duty. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT BEGIN HI SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 GENKRAL REMARKS. Two new detachments have been established this year, one at Kennedy's Crossino- and one at Grassj- Lake. Pendant d'Oreille has been made an ontport of customs, with the N.C. officer in charge acting collector. Inspector Casey has served with me throughout the year, and has been of great assistance. Inspector Duffus has been attached to the division during the summer, for duty on the boundary line; he had charge of the Milk River sub-district. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. V. BEGm, Supt., Gommanaing ' K' Division. 112 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII.. A. 1904 APPENDIX K. AXXUAL REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT A. C. MACDONELL. D.S.O., COM- ]\rANDING DEPOT DIVISION; REGINA. Regina, December 10, 1903. The Commissioner, N. W. Mounted Police, Regina. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of Depot Division for the \'ear ended November 30, 1903. GENERAL, High wages outside, coupled with plenty of work, kept recruits from enlisting during the spring and summer months, and as a result we were extremely short-handed. We managed, however, to send drafts as needed to the Yukon and outside divisions, and to fill the requisitions of the officer commanding Regina District, under whose supervision all the outside police work is done ; although at times it .stranded the post completely to do so. We also furnished the necessary escorts to His Honour the Lieutenant Governor, one being on June 19, when Regina was declared a city. On December 16, 1902, a full dress parade of the division was held in the concert hall, when the Commissioner presented the King's Coronation medals to Reg, No. 906, Staff-Sergeant Robinson, A., and Reg, No, 3575, Constable Alexander, A,S, On May 19, the Board to revise the rules and regulations of the Force, &c., as- sembled at Regina; Presider*:, Superintendent Deane; Members, Superintendent Primrose, Superintendent A. C, Macdonell, D.S,0, ; Secretary, Inspector R, S. Knight, Thanks to the careful manner in which Inspector Knight had prepared all the data, classified the G,0's, circular memos, &c,, the Board finished its somewhat onerous work on June 4. On November 9, the King's birthday, a Royal salute of 2l guns was fired, and the flag hoisted for the first time on the new flagstaff. PrOMOTIONS. On March 1, Sergeant-Major Ivnight was promoted to Inspector. 'J"he publica- tion of G.O, 18187 announcing that fact in local orders Avas made the occasion for the iollowing order : ' The Officer Commanding Depot Division congratulates Reg. Sergeant-Major Knight upon his well-earned promotion and takes this opportunity of placing on record his appreciation of the thorough and efficient mannpr in which he performed his duties as Reg. Sergeant-Major.' TRAINING. In the year 1900, the Commissioner reported ' The efficient training of a recruit requires twelve months, he must be drilled, set up, taught to ride, to shoot with carbine and revolver, acquire a knowledge of his duties and powers as a peace officer, be in- structed in simple veterinary knowledge, understand how a horse should be shod, and become an efficient prairie man ; the latter means a smattering of cooking, a judge of a bor«p''S work, boini; nblp to find lii« way a])Out. and to look after the comfort of him- REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT MACDONELL 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 self and his horse.' This is the ideal, and there is nothing to add to it, but as recruits more often than not leave the depot in under three months' service, we simply have to do the best we can in the time allotted. This being the headquarters of the Force, many of the N.O.O's. and men are necessarily employed on the staff, and with a large barracks and a prison containing on an average 23 prisoners daily to look after, it follows that the instant we get below a certain number of men, every man is required simply to keep the daily routine going, and the only way drills and rides can be done is to take clerks, &c., away from their work to perform post duty, and so let recruits learn drill, &c. These are the methods which for many months we have had to resort to in order to give recruits even a smattering of training. Now, however, our facilities for training are good; we have an excellent riding instructor in Reg. Sergeant-Major Church, and foot drill and gymnastic instructor in Reg. No. 4006, Corporal Ford, and their' assistants. The furnace in the gymnasium enables us to use the upper room as a lecture room and drill hall, and the lower for gymnastics, while the shooting gallery, with Major Gaudet's ammunition, will enable practical musketry to be carried out under the Adjutant, so that with the usual lectures on police duty, care and manage- ment of horses and practical work in harnessing and driving, if the men can only be left here sufficiently long, we have every reason to feel that during the ensuing year they will be thoroughly trained and instructed. TARGET PRACTICE. Keen interest was taken in rifle shooting, even before the publication of general order 18608 gave it a fillip such as was never known before in the history of the Force. The division was put through the preliminary and annual target practice. The Com- missioner w-as first with the carbine, and Reg. No. 2006, Constable Cunning, W. A., first with the revolver. On July 5, a shooting team representing the Depot Division Rifle Club left for Calgary to take part in the T.R.A. matches; unfortunately the match failed to come off owing to the range being under water. During the month of August we had a number of interesting matches, the principal ones being ' B ' Division (Daw- son) versus Depot Division, results wired; certified scores by mail; 10 a side; 200 and 400 yards; ' B ' Division won by 32 points. Depot was represented at regimental matches held at Calgary by : Reg. No. 3291, R.S.M. Church, F.; Reg. No. 878, Staff-Sergeant Hooper, L.; Reg. No. 1125, Staff- Sergeant Perry, F. ; Reg. No. 3536, Constable Allan, G.O. ; Reg. No. 1206, Corporal Banham, H. ; Reg. No. 1132, Constable Bird, A. L. ; >Reg. No. 2006, Constable Cunning, W. A.; Reg. No. 3815, Constable Greenlay, G. O., their wins being : (1) Slater Trophy, 3rd; (2) Drewry Trophy (mounted), 1st; (3) Officer's Match, 2nd by divis- ions; (4) Regimental Match and Constantine Cup, 2nd; (5) Regimental Revolver Match, Reg. No. 2006, Constable Cunning, W.A., 3rd; (7) Mounted Revolver Match, 2nd; (8) Commissioner's Revolver Match, Reg. No. 1125, Staff-Sergeant Perry, 2nd, Reg. No. 2006, Constable Cunning, W. A., 3rd; Commissioner's Prize, Gold Medal and $25 ; Individual Grand Aggregate, Reg. No. 1206, Corporal Banham, H. On September 16, 17, 18 and 19, the rifle club held their annual meet, which as usual proved a great success, over $400 being given in prizes and money. GUARD-ROOM. A new guard-room is badly needed, the present one, apart from the building being badly planned, is very old and much too small for our wants. Plans fox ad- ditions, &c., were submitted, but so far have not been approved. It is imperative that steps should be taken to separate constables sentenced for breaches of disciplin? from criminals. Constables undergoing imprisonment who are going to return to the ranks again should be subjected to a very rigid discipline, and have to do really hard work, 28—8 114 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 SO that on returning to ordinary routine, in addition to being- cleaner and smarter in every way, they would experience a decided feeling of relief from constant svipervision and toil. Several times during the year we have had to convert other buildings into guard- rooms, pro tern, for want of accommodation; our worst experience being with the Doukhobors. On June 9 a party of 28 Doukliobors arrived from Yorkton, 26 of them sentenced to three months hard labour, and two to four and five months, respectively, under sec- tion 177 of the Civil Code, for indecent acts. Three agreed to work as soon as they arrived, and these we kept apart from the rest. The others, however, remained ob- durate and obstinately refused to do anything. Of these three, one became violently insane, and together with one of the others, who was unqiiestionably of unsound mind, was sent to Brandon asylum. His brother at once struck work and indicated the grief which possessed him by refusing to wear his trousers for three days. He, however, soon became clothed, and in his right mind, and a good worker, and largely through his eiforts we persuaded the majority to eat roast potatoes and cooked porridge. In July they began to unmistakably give in, first one, then two, then four and, after promising to conform to our laws and proving their sincerity by working, were released by order from Ottawa.. In August the remainder gave in. Mr. Peter Verigin visited them and they finally solemnly promised to him to go back to their farms and work, and conform to the laws. They wanted to be released then, and Mr. Verigin himself thought that was sufficient, but the Commissioner was firm, and insisted as an evidence of good faith that they should work here first. This they finally consented to do, and on* August 10, authority was received to release them, which was accordingly done. Mr. Verigin thanked the Commissioner and myself for their kind treatment, and they did themselves after being released, and shook hands with me at the division office. Civilians in cells at beginning of year 20 Civilians received during the year 234 Civilians in cells at end of year 22 Maximum number received, 41 (in June) ; mininnim number received, 2 (in February); average per month, 19'5. Civilian prisoners were composed of: — ^liites 224 Negroes 2 Half-breeds i 5 Indians IS Females 5 -Health of prisoners during the year was good. DISCIPLINE. The conduct of the division during the year was good. HEALTH. The health of the division has been good; this, as in former years, is undoubtedly largely due to the sanitary condition of the barracks being kept in good order under the constant and watchful attention of Acting Senior Surgeon Bell. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT MACDONELL 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 CLOTIIIXO AND KIT. The clothing and kit supplied have been of good quality and except in a few in- stances have given satisfaction; the dye in field jackets and trousers is of poor quality, and with short exposure to the sun turns a j^ellow colour. The canvas dunnage bag supplied is made of too light quality of duck. HORSES. 'i'lio o-p.x.vo] health of the horses in this division has been good. I regret to report the destruction of five horses, four for glanders and one for fracture; three of those| destroyed for glanders, viz., Nos. 2631, 2084 and 2285, were expose^ to the disease with those destroyed last year, viz., Nos. 1891 and 2136; they were tested and reacted, but showed no clinical symptoms until some time after the test, suddenly they developed! well-marked clinical symptoms and had to be destroyed ; the other horse, Reg. No. 2806, was being treated for a cold, but not off duty, one evening he was brought) in reported to be bleeding from the nostrils; Veterinary Staff-Sergeant Ayre's suspicions were aroused, and he applied the mallein test, the result being a decided reaction, after the test the animal showed well-marked clinical symptoms; he was immediately destroyed and the carcase burnt. All inquiries failed to trace where the animal con- tracted the disease, he was purchased from Wm. Small, Maple Creek, whose otheri horses were afterwards tested, none of them showing any reaction. Eeg. No. 2576 was destroyed as he was suffering from fracture of the metacarpal. Horse Eeg. No. 2826 was taken ill with an attack of azoturia while en route to Halbrite and died. The twenty cast horses realized $999.50, nearly $50 each. FORAGE. The hay was of fair quality; the oats good, but we had difficulty in getting them free from dust, as we required; in this connection I may mention that it is proposed to put a fanner in Nos. 3 and 4 stables; the chaff cutter has proved an unqualified success. FIRE PROTECTION The same as last year, viz. : Steam fire pump, hand engine, babcocks and water pails; tanks in various parts of barracks, including large tank in tower. The well is inadequate for fire piirposes, as it can be pumped empty in ten to fifteen minutes. The guard-room well has a good supply, and this coming year it is proposed to connect with and use it for fire purposes. RATIOXS Have been of good quality and ample. TRANSPORT. The majority of the transport is in an unsatisfactorj^ condition through old age; the woodwork in many cases having perished. A new supply is required. SADDLERY AND HARNESS. The saddles are nearly new and in good order; apart from the fact that they are on the heavy side, they answer their purpose well. Two out of the six sets of heavg' 28—8* 116 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Concord (black) harness will do for another year, but four sets should be replaced by new; the harness being very old and having been in use for from twelve to twenty-on© years. The same remarks hold good with regard to six sets of light driving (black) ; four sets single (black) should be replaced, the rest of the harness is in good condition and well looked after. BARRACKS AND QUARTERS. In 1900 the then oiEcer commanding the depot reported re officers' quarters as follows : — ' The officers' quarters are very old and not worth spending any money on, are unfit for habitation, with the exception of those occupied by the Commissioner and the Assistant Commissioner.' In 1901 the Commissioner reports: 'At Eegina the officers' quarters are uninhabitable, and I now ask that new quarters be erected this coming summer.' Time has simply emphasized the truth of these remarks, but as officers still have to occupy the ' huts,' to make them habitable at all it has been found necessary to spend money on them ; those requiring it have been reshingled, and where the floors have rotted through, new ones have been laid. A new porch and entrance has been made to the sergeant's mess, a great improvement, as the present ante-room was the general entrance before. The billiard room and officers' mess was enlarged so a'^ to admit a full-sized billiard table, a much needed improvement. The new furnaces were finished in December, 1902, and have added much to the comfort of the men. A furnace has also been put in the gymnasium, a great boon to the men, as they now can use it during winter evenings. An addition has been made to the bowling alley to enable us to use it as a shooting gallery for Major Gaudet's ammunition. A new flag- staff has been erected in the centre of the enclosed part of the square. lOH fe-t high. It improves the appearance of the square very much. CANTEEN. Liberal grants have been made during the year, without which the men would have been deprived of many benefits and mvich enjoyment. It is no small task t) manage a large canteen in this post, and Inspector Heffernan is deserving of credit for his work in this respect. CONCLUSION. Although we have been so short-handed and hard pressed during the past year, every effort has been made to keep up manly sports and amusements. During' the winter months a curling club was formed, and a number of enjoyable matches played. A cricket club was got together that fought its way into the finals for the champion- ship of Assiniboia, and in the autumn an Association football club. While my thanks are due to the officers, N.C officers and men of the depot for the manner in which they have supported me during the past year, I desire to bring Kegl. Sergt.-Major Church. F., and Keg. No 906, Farrier Staff-Sergt. Robinson. A., espe- cially to your favourable notice for hard work, well done. Your obedient servant, T have the honour to be, sir, A. C. MACDONELL, Supt., Commanding ' Depot ' Division. I REPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON BELL 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 APPENDIX L. ANNUAL EEPOET OF ASSISTANT SURGEON G. PEARSON BELL. Regina, January IS, 1904. The Commissioner, N. W. IL Police, Regina. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the health and sanitary ( ondition of the Force for the year 1903 : — The number of cases treated was 744, as follows : Depot Division, 242 ; ' A ' Divi- sion, 53 ; ' C ' Division, 63 ; ' D ' Division, 75 ; ' E ' Division, 66 ; ' F ' Division, 55 ; ' G ' Division, 143 ; ' K ' Division, 47. The average number on daily sick I'eport was 5*33. Admissions to hospital were 136, as follows : Depot Division, 83 ; ' A ' Division, 3 ; ' C ' Division, 1 ; ' D ' Division, 29 ; ' E ' Division, 6 ; ' F ' Division, 1 ; ' G ' Division, 7 ; * K ' Division, 6. There were three deaths diiring the year. GENERAL DISEASES. There was 1 case of measles, which occiu-red at Macleod. Influenza caused 41 admissions. For diphtheria there were 3 admissions, all at Regina. Enteric fever fur- nished 2 eases, lioth occurring at Calgary. A case of malarial fever was reported from ' G ' Division. There were 13 cases of gonorrhoea. Of parasitic diseases there were 4 cases, namely, 3 of scabies and 1 of ascuris lumbricoides. Alcoholism caused 3 admis- sions. Of rheumatism there were 38 cases, the majority slight in character. For debility there were 7 admissions. LOCAL DISEASES. Under diseases of the nervous system there were 31 cases, namely : Mental debility, 2; paralysis, 1; neuralgia, 17; headache, 10, and nervousness, 1. Diseases of the eye and eyelids accounted for 12 cases. Diseases of other organs of special sense: There were 11 cases, namely : Nasal catarrh, 7 ; earache, 2, and impacted cerumen, 2. Diseases of the circulatory system gave 6 cases : Disordered action of the heart 4, syncope 1, and hemoptysis 1. Disease of the respiratory system : There were 187 cases under this heading, the large majority consisting of coughs and colds. There were 20 cases of bronchitis, 3 of laryngitis, and 1 of pleurisy. Diseases of the digestive system: There were 160 cases. The principal were 44 of mouth and throat affections, 6 of colic, 39 of diarrhoea. 1 of congestion of liver, 1 of appendicitis, 3 of hernia, and 4 of hemorr- hoids. Diseases of the lymphatic system : There was 1 case of inflammation of glands. Diseases of the urinary system : There were 9 cases, namely, albuminuria 1, Brights dis- ease 1, nephritis 6, and cystitis 1. One death was due to Bright's disease. Diseases of the generative system : There were 4 cases of orchitis. Diseases of organs of locomo- tion consisted of 2 cases of synoditis, and 13 of myalgia. Diseases of the connective tissue: There were 16 cases, namely, abscess 13, sinus 1, and cellulitis 2. Diseases of the skin : There were 17 cases, 9 of which were boils. 113 NORTH-WEST MOIXTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 INJURIES. There was 1 case of heat-stroke, and 1 death from drowning. The death occurred in crossing a river with a wagon. There was 1 case of suicide, due to gunshot wound, the verdict being that the man committed the act while temporarily insane. The re- maining cases of local injuries were 160 in number, including 31 for wounds, 35 for sprains, 37 for contusions, 2 for fractures, 2 for dislocation, 6 for frost-bites, 4 for burns and scalds, 12 for abrasions, 4 for blistered feet, 1 for cerebral concussion, &c. SURGICAL OPERATIONS. These call for no special remark. In addition to evacuation of abscesses, there was 1 operation for the cure of varix, 1 for fistula in ano, 1 for hemorrhoids, and 1 amputation of fingers. INVALIDING. The number invalided during the year was 5, the causes being, paralysis 1 case, mental debility 1. debility 1, disordered action of the heart 1, and injury to shoulder 1. RECRUITS. There were 203 applicants examined for engagement. SANITARY CONDITIONS. The general health of all ranks during the year has been very good, and no un- sanitary condition of barracks or detachments is noted in the medical reports. At Fort Saskatchewan the interior of the hospital has been kalsomined, and the wood-work varnished, but the medical officer reports that the hospital furnace needs repairing badly. At Regina no repairs to the hospital have been effected during the year. New furnaces are urgently needed, the building requires painting throughout, and the window frames and doors refitting. It is with deep regret I record the death of Assistant-Surgeon C. S. Haultain, which occurred at Battleford on May 20. The medical department has lost an officer of high professional attainments, who possessed the confidence and esteem of his com- rades, and whose memory will ever be associated with the kindest recollections. A table is attached showing the sickness, arranged according to the various sec- tions of disease. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, G. PEARSON BELL, Assistant Surg eon ~ REPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON BELL 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 I^ORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE. Annual 8ick Report for the Year 1903. Disease. frimtral Diseases. MeaseLs Influenza , Diphtheria Enteric fever . . . . Malarial fever. . . . (jronorrhcea ... Parasitic diseases. Alcoholism . . . . . Rheumatism Debility . . Locaf Diseases. Diseases of the nervous system II eye and eyelids II other organs of special sense . • I circnlatoi-y system M respiratory sj'stem 11 digestive system II lymphatic system II urinary system II generative system II organs of locomotion II connective tissue skin Injuries. General . Local . . . Number of Cases. 1 41 3 2 1 13 4 3 38 31 12 11 6 187 160 1 9 4 15 16 17 2 160 21 211 90 45 3 180 26\ 39 157 25 342 54 13 20 608 640 10 156 104 62 124 115 4 920 Number of days under Treatment. Deaths. In\alided. 120 NORTH-WEST MOVNiED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 APPENDIX M. ANNUAL REPORT OF VETERINARY SURGEON J. F. BURNETT. Macleod, January 18, 1904. To the Commissioner, North-west Mounted Police. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report for the year ending November 30, 1903. The general health of the horses of the force for the past year has been satisfac- tory. Apart from the death of four horses of Depot division from glanders, no scsrious outbreak of disease has occurred that would deprive us of the use of any nuii'her of horses, and this has been a very fortunate condition when we feel that we ha/e not yet fully recovered from the drain made upon us for horses for South Africa. While the places of these horses have been filled, there must necessarily be a number not as well seasoned or conditioned for hard work as those we lost. The past year has been an exceptionally hard one on the horses, the large number of new settlers coming into the country, with a proportionate number of law-breakers, has been the means of increasing the work of the horses, as a comparison of the mileage returns will show. Prior to the year 1900 we were always in a position to turn out a few horses when , it was found they needed rest, but since that time such a thing has been out of the question. Every horse on the force able to work had to be used. The horses pur- chased in the past few years have, with a very few exceptions, turned out well, the majority of them being really high class animals, and those that have passed the colt stage and are matured are tit for the hardest kind of work. During the year I have visited and inspected the horses of Depot, ' A,' ' E,' ' G,' ' K ' and ' D ' divisions, and with few exceptions have found everything connected with the care and management of the horses in a satisfactory condition, the exceptions being the shoeing of horses on detachment, this being a matter that cannot very well be overcome, and will be a source of more or less trouble so long as we have to depend upon outside blacksmiths. In one or two sections of the country it has been a little difficult to get as good hay as in former years, owing to the wet season. The oats, however, have been of good quality. The drugs supplied have also been of good quality. Ninety-three remounts were purchased during the year, and it was found very hard +0 get this number, notwithstanding the fact that ample notice of our intention to buy had been given and that good fair prices would be paid. Of course there is only one explanation for this condition of affairs, and that is the scarcity of horses in the coun- try. Not only are horses suitable for our work scarce, but good horses of all classes are scarce. There has been an increased demand for horses in the past four of five years, while the supply from our own ranches has decreased, and if it had not been for the much abused American horse, I do not know what the country would have done. The four largest horse ranching firms that were in the Territories are out of busi- ness now. I refer to Oxerart, the Quorn, Bell Bros, and the Strang Ranching Com- pany. In former years these firms could supply all the horses we required. No one has taken their places and these sources of supply having been cut off, it is becomin*? more difficult every year to get horses. In former years we also got some good horses REPORT OF VETERINARY 8UROE0N BURNETT. 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 from British Columbia, but anything I have seen from that province in the past few years could find no place in our stables. Most of those breeding horses now are breedini;- the heavier classes, Clydeshires and Percherons. Two specimens of the latter breed which I saw had been purchased by syndicates, one at three thousand and the other at four thovisand dollars, so I was informed. Five hundred dollars, I think, would have been a good price for the two. As I understand, these two horses were imported, it would be interesting to know what they were entered at, or would they be admitted free for the purpose of improving the stock of the country. One imported thoroughbred horse has been brought to the Macleod district during the Slimmer. If the right class of mares are bred to him I have no doubt he will prove an acquisition to this part of the country. At the different divisions which I have visited I have found the stabling in good condition, well lighted and ventilated. The water supply I have also found good. During the year I have attended three agricultural exhibitions for the purpose of judging horses entered for the prizes given for horses best suited for police work. The points where the exhibitions w-ere held were Calgary, Pincher Creek and Macleod. At Calgary three horses were entered. None of the horses shown were up to our standard ; consequently no prizes were given. At Pincher Creek five horses entered the ring, the first prize being awarded A. M. Morden for a handsome chestnut gelding, the second going to a bay gelding, the property of L. Bell. At Macleod six horses were shown, Mrs. J. Graham winning first prize with a chestnut gelding, and Jno. Franklin second with a bay gelding. All four prize winners were purchased, and posted to ' D ' Division. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, JNO. F. BURNETT, Insp., Vet. Surgeon. 122 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 SursniARY of cases treated from December 1, 1902, to November 30, 1903. Diseases. Abscess Anaemia Azaturia .' Colic Coryza Constipation Catarrh Curb.... Congestion of lungs.. Distemper Diarrhoea Drowned Dislocation of fetlock Debility Eczema Fracture right meta- carpal Fevers Glanders Hfemoptysis Heart disease Influenza Injury to eye to « '^ ^ o o o 6 ^ ^ 4 63 2 20 2 6 9 23 2 72 1 3 2 30 6 162 1 1 18 2 2 1 119 3 62 2 23 1 2 75 4 1 5 1 14 171 2 57 Remarks. 1 died, Reer. No. 2826 Destroyed. Died. Diseases. Injury to tongue.. Laryngitis Mange Nephritis Paralysis, partial. Rheumatic arthritis Bruised feet Brushing Corns Enlarged fetlock. . . Laminitis Lymphangitis .... Navicular arthritis Ringbone Sidebones Spavin Sprains Splints Quarter crack Lacerated Punctured Contusion OD w o >s o Q o s-* d o ^ ^ 1 6 2 19 1 90 1 9 1 12 4 40 3 36 4 124 8 98 1 15 12 292 5 55 2 102 3 163 2 28 3 216 18 228 10 170 2 25 11 119 8 65 27 690 Remarks. This includes collar and saddle galls. 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 A. 1904 PART II STRENGTH AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE Page. Schedule A (Summer 1903) 3 B (November 30, 1903) 6 3-4 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 A. 1904 APPENDIX A- DISTRIBUTION STATE OF THE FORCE BY DIVISIONS SUMMER OF 1903. DURING THE a .2 Station. o 'i s § 5J 1 c O < i s a a 3 CO 1 o 1 & o 5 1 22 o r < C 0) :n 1 8 1 1 at 02 1 O a i 3 a o O 75 3 1 1 1 1 s K 02 V C 0 1 111 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 17 1 2 .5 1 1 7 1 1 169 19 2 3 3 2 1 1 4 i 5 68 22 3 2 118 Ifi 6 4 5 3 1 1 3 4 43 1(5 2 1 4 2 4 9 1 i Depot. Regina Moosouiin . . 1 1 ][.... 5 3 11 Qii'Appelle :"" \"" Wolseley i 1 1 1 Whitewood 1 Grenfell 1 1 3 Carlvle Yorkton 1 Erwood r " ' ' 1 Kutawa 1 Ft. QivAppelle Estevan Oxbow North Portal Wood Mountain .... ^ .... 1 ... 1 1 ::::i:: •1 3 •2 .... 1 1 9 1 1 2 Gainsboro 1 Ottawa 4 . . 1 Areola Weyburn ... '» 1 1 1 On Command 1 ....i 1 On leave 1 14 3 A Total Depot Division Maple Creek East End 1 1 2 1 9 1 19 3 10 1 8 1 1 "l 104 10 1 3 2 1 1 "3 — Ten Mile Medicine Lodge Medicine Hat . . .1 I""' 1 Swift Current . . Town Station . . On Command On Herd Total A Division Battleford ^ 1 I 1 1 1.... "] 4 1 2 3 21 9 "i 2 ] 3 7 1 1 '"] 2 28 3 .... .... "3 1 10 35 19 1 1 4 1 4 15 3 C "... 2 — Onion Lake .Tacktish Lloydniinsier H enrietta 1 ' .;• ::' :::; :::: :: 1 2 1 t:' Prince Albert Duck Lake 1 1 1 Batoehe Rosthern :;■ .::: "l 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 On Command 1 ... 1 ... . 1 1 i; 6 2 1 nil, 17 On leave . . Total C & FDivi.sion .... 2 -- NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Schedule A. — Distribution State of the Force by Divisions — Continued. Station. Macleod Pincher Creek. Big Bend Kootenai Standoff St. Mary's ... Nanton , . . u a; o ~£f JJ L4 ^ s 3cK ac S ; 31 a> ' < > 1 White Horse. . Dalton Trail . . Daltoii House. W, rells White Pass Summit. .. Caribou Tahkini Upper La Barge Lower La Barge Braeburn Hootalinqua Livingstone Creek . . , j Big Salmon Tantalus Yukon Crossing Town Station lOn Command |0n Leave lAbsent Without Leave ^ c3 O ^ a. O Oi O o 1 .. Total H Divi.sion. 2 o S 55 10 81 3 4 1 1 3 2 ;-i 2 3 2 2 o •7 2 .... 2 3 3 ll i: 3 3 1 10 1 7 104 24 157 32' 6 9 79 12 24: 1 "l .... 1 1 ' 1 0 s 10 9 53 13 3 2 i; 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 5 4 ?! i; 117i 30 12 7 "i 2 "2 "2 53 1 59 27 — 59 RECAPITULATION. Regina District Maple Creek District. 1 1 9 i 2 2 1 1 9 2 11 9 ii- 3 . O:. 2'. 3 . 1- 24| 10 34 1 1 4 5 .... 19 4 6 8 6 4 1 47 .... 10 1 57 10 2 1 6 2 4 25 12 37 8 3 104 21 14 \l 13 8 6 54 36 90 169 35 56 103 44 54 461 274 735 118 43 47 115 40 48 411 57 468 Battleford anrl Prini-e Albeit L)istri;t. Macleod-Lethbridge District ... Calgary District 6 6 1 4 28 16 44 28 61 24 32 270 183 453 Total in X.-W. Territories M Yukon Territory Grand Total. 1 1 1 1 2 'ii2 112 6 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 APPENDIX B- DISTKIBUTIOX STATE OF THE FOKCE BY DIVISIONS, NOVEMBER 30, 1903. Depot . Station. O \< Regina Moosoinin Qu' Appelle Wolseley Moose Jaw Broadview . . Grenfell Areola Yorkton . Fort Pelly Kutawa Fort Qu' Appelle Estevan Oxbow North Portal . . . . Wood Mountain Carlyle Town Station . . Ottawa Gainsboro ...... WeyVmrn Erwood Hudson'.? Bay. On Command . . Total, Depot Division. Maple Creek . . East End Ten Mile Medicine Lodge. Medicine Hat. Swift Current . Town Station On Command . . ►5 < 7| 1 1 .... >,hn -f? w o 5 O rj 1 ! 94 14 2 1 1 .... 1 ... II.... 1 ... .S 1 2.. 18 11 2.... 1 .. l'.. 1:.. 1\ 1 .. 1 . 1 .. 133 134 I li V 1 2; 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 14 1 2 4 1 1 1 6 13 i; 9 li 2;, . . %. 1 !■ ..I 1'. Uosthern Sa-ikatoon . . . . Fletts Springs. Star City On Leave . . . Total, C and F Divisions.. j 2 3. ..|. * 1 Vet. Surgeon. -I 1 17 200 1 ... 2!.., 11::: %.. V 6; 28 115 36 r.2 44 IS 60 DISTRIBUTION STATE OF FORCE BY DIVISIONS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Schedule B. — Distribution State of the Force by Divisions — Continued. i 1 > Stations. § s o Q i s 'S ■| c o JO i < 1 a 'C 3 1 1 2 1 i 1 CO 1 CO 'i < as § 1 i 3 ' (» >i ^ : 1 > 1 1 g s 1 1 X CO .5 1 1 c O 15 3 2 2 2 8 2 3 2 2 Pi a. .3 '"2 "i "i "i "4 1 1 31 5 2' 2 5 2 2 1 2 1 2 4 2 2 1 1 2 18 3 5 3 3 1 § 34 6 3 1 1 D Macleod Big Bend ... 1 3 .... 7 4:.... 3; Stand Off 1 1 "i St Mary's 1 1, 2 1 2 5 3 1 .... ] Frank . . . . 1 1 1 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ On Leave "2 1 2 1 "i 1 "ic 5 10 4 5 1 ? 1 120 24 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 34 27 ? 2 6 4 .... .... .... .... K Lethbridge Milk River Ridge 1 1 1 1 Writing on Stone I On Herd 1 1 56 18 1 I 1 1 15 5 "2 1 1 102 32 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 45 19 8 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 3 3 5 1 1 55 E Total D& K Division.... Calgary 2 1 5 1 1 9 4 5 1 9 2 Banff Canmore . Gleichen High River 1 Red Deer. 1 1 1 1 Millarville Olds On Leave 1 On Command 1 ^ 26 11 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 "2 1 1 4 ' "i 31 7 1 2 1 i.. . 1 1 1 7 Total E Division 1 1 1 1 1 r, 1 1 3 1 1 G Ft. Saskatchewan Edmonton 3 .... Ponoka St. Albeit Duhamel Wetaskiwin 1 Star Athabaska Landing .... 1 1 1 1 1 Peace River Landing Fort Chipewyan J McPherson Whitford 1 1 Vegreville [ Total G Division 1 1 .3 3 t ^ 5 1 ' — W| 1 28—9 ^'ORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 Schedule B. — Distribution State of the Force by Divisions^ — Concluded. a .2 > Station. § u C _o m < 1 c a D 1 -2 o a, e M 3 S '53 < 1 § 1 SB 4 4) 2 1 09 o u 6 2 0! 52 3 4 2 3 3 • 2 3 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 11 1 116 58 9 1 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 4 3 4 1 100 133 22 28 56 26 31 296 216 512 u a E CC 3 M a 0 O '3 o 78 5 4 3 4 4 3 3 7 4 8 4 4 6 4 5 4 3 14 3 169 76 16 1 3 3 5 3 3 4 4 4 4 . 4 2 2 134 200 36 52 102 45 55 490 303 793 ns Affray Discharging firearms in city Against administration of law and justice^ Breaking jail Obstructing a peace officer Refusing to help peace officer ±'erjury Resisting arrest Against morals, religion, &c. — Vagraucj' Keeping common gaming house Playing in « m Indecent exposure Keeping bawdy house Inmate of >i Keeping disorderly hous Street walking. Creating a disturbance Drunk and disorderly Disorderly conduct Committing nuisance Fighting Against the person- Murder Attempted miirder . Unlawfully wounding Assault Criminal libel Attempted suicide Threatening to kill Pointing revolver. . . . Threatening language 16 cases dealt with under Section 10, Chap. 158, R.S.C Against jjroperty — Robbery Theft from the person Theft from house Theft ... Breaking shop and stealing Forcible entry Theft by conversion Obtaining goods under false pretenses Obtaining money n n Mischief Fraud Cruelty to animals Trespass Poisoning a dog Selling goods under false pretenses Against Revised Statutes — Infractions Contagious Disease Act Shipping Seamen Act Safety to Ships Act Smuggling and aiding same Against North-west Ordinances- Insanity Starting forest fires Refusing assistance at bush fires Profanation of Lord's Day Violation Livery Stable Ordinance ..Indians drunk and disorderly Supplying liquor to Indians Executed . REPORT OF ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER WOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Summary of cases tried during the past year — Classification. Cases entered. Awaiting from last year. o c 6 0/ 1 1 3 -a 3 bo Against Yukon Ordinances — Importing liquor withouf permit 1 18 25 3 13 5 ."5 43 1 3 1 1 4 I 1 13 3 2 1 ... 1 17 22 3 13 5 4 33 1 3 "e" 1 1 8 3 1 1 ' Selling liquor without license 1 3 Selling liquor during prohibited hours 1 Selling liquor to interdicted men . Interdiction 1 Drunk while interdicted Peddling without a license 1 4 ; Non-payment of wages . 3 3 Excessive use of liquor Obstructing the highway Pool table without license ...^.. 1 1 Slaughter house without license Giving percentage to women Failing to register partnership Furious driving Driving over bridge Breach of Dog Ordinance 5 "i" ::::.. Breach of Fire Ordinance Breach of Health Ordinance Breach of Pound Ordinance CANTEENS. The canteens at Dawson and White Horse are in sound iinancial condition and continue to prove a boon to all ranks. The stock on hand in both is sufficient to last until next season. DEATHS. I regret to have to report that three of the members of the Force met their deaths during the past year, namely : Keg. ISTo. 3503, Constable White, T. J., of ' H ' Division, who was drowned on June 28, 1903, in the Yulvon river while out canoeing; Eeg. Xo. 3485, Constable Burns, J. H., of ' B ' Division, who died on September 3, from acute pyaemia, and Special Constable Stick Sam, who was drowned on July 29, while fording the Kaskawulsh river. The two constables were both excellent men and Constable Burns had been specially mentioned for his good work in the LaBelle and Fournier murder cases. The Indian had been in our employ since the police first went to the Dalton trail, in 1898. DETACHMENTS. Several detachments have been abandoned during the past year and four new ones erected. Of the former. Wells outpost was withdrawn on ISTovember 21, owing to the finding of the Alaska Boundary Commission that this point was in United States territory. This outpost was never of any value from a police point of view, being in British Columbia, and was only maintained as a customs outpost. It is possible that our Pleasant Camp post may be also found to be on foreign soil when the boundary is surveyed. Valuable buildings have been erected there. It is 10 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 simply a customs outpost, our men haviug no jurisdiction in British Columbia. Xow that the boundary question is settled it is sincerely hoped that the police will be with- drawn and the Customs Department will send one of their own staff to collect the small revenue to be obtained at that point. In connection with these detachments, I might say that the adjoining portion of Alaska called the Porcupine district, is virtually deserted. Only seven white people remain in what was called Porcupine City. No one is left on Bear Creek, and there are only two prospectors up the Chilcat river. Haines Mission is very quiet again after the boom caused by the erection of the army barracks there. The Dalton House detachment was withdrawn for the winter on October 6. I con- cur in what the officer commanding ' H ' Division says, that this post can be better supplied in future from White Horse than from Pleasant Camp. The other detachments permanently withdrawn besides Wells, were Five Fingers, Hootalinqua and Eureka. As the government trail crossed the river at Yukon crossing it became necessary to post police at that point, consequently new buildings were erected there and those at Five Fingers and Hootalinqua, which were only a few miles distant each way, torn down and the two posts combined into one. A detachment at Eureka was rendered unnecessary owing to a cut-off being made from Lower Dominion to Wounded Moose on the overland trail. The new detachments erected were as follows: At Yukon Crossing above re- ferred to, and Grand Valley, half way between the Stewart and Pelly river crossings. New buildings were also erected at Minto and Tantalus and the sites of these de- tachments changed so as to put them in touch with the government trail. A summer camp was also established at Champagne Landing, on the road to the new diggings near White Horse. Should the expected stampede take place to this district, as it probably will nest spring, we will require at least three new detachments in the neighbourhood of the new discoveries. The only other outposts where new buildings will be required next year are at Dominion, in the Dawson district, and at our Upper Labarge detachment, in the White Horse district. It may possibly be necessary to erect a detachment at Mayo Landing on the Stewart, where at present we occupy rented quarters. DRILL AND TRAINING. The members of both divisions were put through the usual drill in the spring, and also when possible throughout the summer. This year for the first time, target practice was held in Dawson, a fairly good range having been laid out a short distance from the barracks, and the greater number of the men were put through their annual practice. The average shooting was good. The range was also used by the Dawson Rifle Company and by the Dawson Rifle Association, as well as by ourselves, and during the summer several matches took place between teams from the respective organizations. The police shooting was ex- cellent and they won on every occasion until the last two matches, when, owing to the absence of some of our best shots, we suffered defeat at the hands of the Rifle Associa- tion. The latter aggregation have in their team several Bisley men. In * H ' Division it was found impossible to have the annual firing, it being out of the question to spare either time or men; the new government trail also having been built across our range, conduced to prevent the men being pvit through their target practice. Next year, however, I trust every member of both divisions will be able to fire the allotted number of rounds. Lectures on police duties have been held in ' H ' Division during the year, and will be commenced in ' B ' Division this winter. The men received from Regina have, as a rule, hardly had time to be properly trained before they are sent to the Yukon, so that on arrival here it is necessary to put them through a course of recruit drill and instruction in constables' duties. REPORT OF ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER WOOD . H SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 FORAGE. Hay, oats and bran are furnished by local contractors, both at White Horse and Dawson, and are of uniform good quality. FUEL AXD 'light. Wood for fuel is supplied at Dawson and White Horse by contract, for $9 a cord at the former place and $0 at the latter. It was purchased at a reasonable figure at the various outposts of both divisions. During the winter of 1901-1902 coal, which was obtained from Rock Creek, some 40 miles north of Dawson, was used to a certain extent in the barracks here as an experiment, but as it did not prove altogether a success its use was not continued dur- ing the following winter. This year, however, a much better quality being obtained from the coal mine at Five Fingers, we are again giving it a trial, and it so far has given greater satisfaction than the Rock Creek coal. It is much coarser, more com- bustible and gives out a greater heat for the quantity consumed. It is retailing in Dawson at $25 a ton. Coal can be had sixteen miles from White Horse, and owing to the wood supply becoming more and more limited near the centres of population, will soon be the only fuel used both at White Horse and Dawson. HEALTH. The health of the Force has been excellent, and with the exception of a small epidemic of la grippe and of colds during the fall, there has been no sickness worth mentioning. There were, however, a few cases of accidents. • Reg. No. 1148, Sergeant-Major Pennef ather, P. W., of ' H ' Division, in ^larch last sustained a fracture of the thigh of his right leg by a kick from a horse, but has made good recovery and has been returned to duty for some time. Reg. No. 3659, Constable Dundas, W. P., of ' B ' Division, had the misfortune to break his left leg and dislocate his knee joint while playing baseball in June last. He is still in hospital and is making progress slowly. Reg. No. 3625, Constable Eisenhauer, C. S., of ' H ' Division, accidentally shot himself in the calf of his leg while hunting, but is getting on nicely, though he narrowly escaped losing a limb. The general health of the territory has been wonderfully good, in fact during the preceding twelve months there were but three deaths from typhoid fever. There were twenty-one des-ths from pneumonia and kindred diseases; of these, however, ten were Indians. A very large percentage of the deaths were due to drowning accidents and mining disasters. This of course is to be expected, and is not out of proportion to the number of men employed in the many mining districts and wood camps throughout the territory. For the first time in the history of the territory the number of births has exceeded that of deaths. The following shows the number of births, marriages and deaths re- gistered during the year: — Births 165 Marriages 107 Deaths 145 This is an increase of thirty, and two in the births and marriages, respectively, and a decrease of five in the total number of deaths. HORSES. Last spring authority was obtained from the department to purchase thirty-two horses in the Yukon at a price not exceeding $250 per head. 12 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 I proceeded to White Horse with a veterinary surgeon, examining all the White Pass and Yukon route stage horses along the trail, and out of the lot of some two hundred I secured some twenty-two fit for police purposes. The company sold tlie balance to various stage owners, freighters and others in the territory. This fall the Superintendent of Mail Service went out again for the purpose of purchasing more stock, and I had him bring in for the Force in the Yukon twelve head, four for White Horse and eight for Dawson. These horses are all of a good stamp, broken to ride or drive, and are just what we wanted in the Yukon. Owing to loss by death and drowning, and to the necessity of establishing new detachments and patrols, we will require, at least, thirty more horses next year, fifteen for White Horse and fifteen for Dawson. ' B ' Division has now thirty-six -and ' H ' thirty-four. An outbreak of glanders was the cause of the Dawson Division losing four head. With your consent, I think it would be advisable to send out an officer and one of our own veterinary surgeons to purchase the horses required next year. There are plenty of horse dealers here who are willing to bring in animals for us, but there is always a certain amount of friction and dissatisfaction if those brought in prove unsuitable for our use. During the year twenty horses have been struck off the strength in the Yukon, of which three were drowned, four killed on account of glander-s, three cast and sold, and ten destroyed for various disabilities and used for dog feed. INDIANS. The Indians in the territory are very law-abiding, especially those in the Dawson 'district. In the southern portion of the territory they seem inclined to obtain whisky when possible. We have but little to do with them except in the way of supplying medical attendance and medicines to the s'ck, and food to the absolutely destitute. During the past summer two hundred pairs of blankets, two hundred pairs of socks and two hundred suits of underclothes were distributed among the various de- tachments in the Yukon and among the missionaries, to be issued free to those who were in absolute need. Assistant Surgeons Pare, Thompson and Madore at White Horse, Dawson and Selkirk, respectively, devote a good deal of their time to sick Indians. For this they are remunerated by the Indian Department. The necessary drugs are supplied from police stores. At present I consider the condition of the Indians to be better than at any time during the past six years. There seems to 1 p less sickness among them this winter, and their hunting, fishing and trapping have evidently been a success, for they are well supplied with food. Their fur catch has been large and they derive quite a sum from the sale of their skins. Their schools are well attended. The report which was current Igst December that the Nahannis Indians at the head waters of the Pelly had killed some white traders and trappers and were moving on Selkirk, proved to be entirely false. The Salmon Indians and those in the vicinity of Selkirk firmly believed the story, and could not be induced to make their usual hunt- ing trips on the eastern side of the river. INSPECTIONS. I have inspected both divisions during the past year and found them on each occasion in an efficient condition. Nearly all of the outposts have been visited and I am glad to say those on detachment are as comfortably housed and as well equipped as any in the North-west Territories. The non-commissioned officers and men take a pride in their quarters, and in many cases have gone to no little private expense to add to the appearance of the interiors, and to their own comfort. REPORT OP ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER WOOD 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 At my inspections both divisions were paraded on foot and each officer in turn was called upon to put the men through various movements and exercises. MAILS^ TELEGRAPHS AND TELEPHONES. I am glad to say that the White Pass and Yulvon Eoute Company have again been awarded the mail contract, as they have given us a splendid service hitherto, considering the difficulties they had to contend with in the early years, and the mail is now delivered in Dawson and taken out with wonderful regularity. I hope that next year contracts will be let for the transportation of mail on Livingston Creek, Duncan Creek, river points between Dawson and Selkirk, and for Miller and Glacier Creeks. As stated before, these outlying points have to rely upon the police for the delivery of their mail, and this is at times very unsatisfactory, as often our dog teams carry police stores urgently required and have to leave the mail behind. Then, of course, there are complaints from settlers and miners. Three new offices have been opened up, all in the northern portion of the territory, namely, at 244 below Lower Discovery, on Dominion Creek, called Granville, one at Sulphur, and the third at Gold Run. The Granville post office and the one established some time ago on Hunker have been made money order offices. During the summer a branch of the Savings Bank Department of the post office was established at Dawson and has evidently been appreciated by the people here, for although opened up but a few months, no less than $40,544 has been deposited. There has been a considerable decrease this year in the amount of money sent out- side by means of money orders; this can be accounted for by the fact that while the banks have lowered their commission on drafts to eastern points to half of one per cent, the government still charge 6-10 per cent, or double the rate in force on the outside. Captain Whalen, who keeps the stopping place at Pelly Crossing, four miles from Selkirk, has constructed a telephone line between the two places, thus putting the Crossing in communication with the telegraph office at Selkirk and enabling passengers to communicate with their friends while en route from Dawson or "White Horse. MINING. The officers commanding the divisions have gone fully into the subject of mining in their respective portions of the territory. The clean up this year amounted to $10,585,121.62, or some two millions less than that of last year, owing to the fact that, during the early part of the summer, we had absolutely no rain whatever, and in many cases dumps that were taken out last winter, still remain either entirely, or in part, intact. Two strikes in the White Horse district, namely, at Ruby creek and its tributaries, and Bullion creek and its affluents, promise to be very rich. In the northern portion of the district there have been several stampedes to virgin ground, or to restake abandoned creeks, and those which were formerly considered too poor or too unprofitable to work. The most notable of these was the one up the Pelly river, some 250 miles from its mouth. The stampeders returned greatly disgusted, but I am satisfied that in the near future there will be quite a camp in that vicinity. An exodus took place during last winter to the Tanaua River country, in Alaska, and over 1,000 miners left this district; most of them returned sadder and wiser men, as the diggings did not turn out to be as rich as some of the poorest ground in the Yukon. Some promising quartz properties are being developed, and, as the government are sending in two drills, interest in this branch of mining has been greatly stimulated. The Violet group, especially, in the vicinity of Grand Forks, is attracting a great deal of attention, and most favourable assays have been received from samples of quartz sent outside from this property. 14 XORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD Vll., A. 1904 At White Horse, a little work is being done on the copper properties this winter, and as soon as sleighing is good, a large shipment of ore will be sent out for a smelter test. The coal mines below Dawson and in the vicinity of Five Fingers and Tantalus are being worked, and next season there will be a large supply for both the Dawson and White Horse markets. Dry wood for fuel purposes is getting scarcer every year, and has to be hauled greater distances, so it will not be long before coal at even $25 a ton, the present price, will be cheaper than wood. It is proposed to put a tramway in the district south of White Horse, to connect the coal fields there with the railway, as has been done at Coal Creek, below Forty Mile, where a Dawson company has built ten miles of track and brought in narrow- gauge engines and cars for the purpose of bringing the coal from the mouth of the pit to the river. PATROLS. The districts of Dawson and White Horse have been thoroughly patrolled during the year, and in addition, parties of police have been sent to localities which had not yet been visited. Two patrols were made from the Dalton House detaclunent to White Horse and return, and the trail blazed, so that it can be followed in future by any one. The police steamer Vidette made a trip up to the head waters of the Pelly, to see if it was necessary to establish a detachment there, as a few traders had requested. The new gold strikes on the Alsec river and Lake Kluhani, in the White Horse district, necessitated frequent patrols to that part of the country, not only from ^V^lite Horse, but from the Dalton trail. During the winter we have two lines of patrols between White Horse and Dawson, namely, one of the Dawson- White Horse trail, and the other on the river. The latter is required to keep in touch with the various wood choppers and prospectors, &c., on the small creeks along the river. We also found it necessary to patrol the overland route during the summer, as the road-house keepers looked upon the police to protect their stores and road-houses, which they had abandoned during the summer months. STEAMER AKD LAUNCHES. The police steamer Vidette, purchased in September, 1902, was in commission during the five months of navigation of the present year. The boat, it will be remembered, was purchased at auction for some $3,000, and has proved herself of valuable assistance. She carried a vast amount of freight to different points on the Yukon river, both from Dawson and White Horse, and, further- more, carried supplies up the Hootalinqua, Stewart and Takheena rivers to the several detachments at those points. A patrol was also made 250 miles up the Pelly river. I am glad to say that, during the past season, no occasion arose in which the steamer's services were required to search both banks and islands of the Tukon for over 100 miles, as last year, in an endeavour to find evidence to lead to the conviction of a murderer or murderers. Had we had the Vidette in the season of 1902, a great deal of expense would have been saved in tracing up the Bouthilette and Beaudoin criminals. I did not expect the Vidette, when she was purchased, would pay for herself in carrying cargo or police passengers, and, while she undoubtedly saved us quite a lot by being used- for this work, still she was intended for a patrol boat more than any other purpose. For this she is hardly fast enough, but I think, with the installation of a new boiler, instead of the present tube one, she will be as good a boat as any on the river. She is certainly well built and strong. This I know from experience with her on the Pelly, which had only been navigated by one or two smaller boats when the Vidette made her first trip up. I examined a number of other boats on the river, with a view REPORT OF ASlSISTANT COMMISSIOXHR WOOD 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 towards exchanging the Videfte for one of them, but there was not one in which there is not some serious defect or objection. Our steamer undoubtedly consumed a large amount of wood during the season, but I think, with the change of boilers, this will be obviated. With a few changes in the crew, a slight alteration in the deck-house and a new boiler, I am certain our boat will be still rq,ore serviceable next year. At the time the Vidette was purchased it cost more to ship freight from eastern points to Dawson than to White Horse. It was the intention to have all our supplies consigned to the last named place and have our steamer bring on what was required for this post, thus saving a considerable sum. The White Pass and Yukon route, however, in order to drive opposition off the river, reduced the through rate to Dawsou to the same figure as was charged on White Horse consignments. For this reason our boat did not effect the saving that was expected of her. In connection with this matter, I might state that the United States government keeps a patrol boat on the lower river, which is of similar size and construction to the Vidette, but which is more expensively fitted up in every way. This steamer is not used for freight carrying purposes at all but simply for transportation of officers and men up and down the river and for patrol purposes. She is a very fast boat and one of her trips from St. Michaels to Dawson, a distance of some 1,800 miles, was made for the sole purpose of carrying General Funston down the river. I trust before next spring some action will be taken regarding the two launches now lying at White Horsce. I am of the opinion that with a change from the alco- vapour to wood engines, as recommended before, they could be made more useful. The small launch Tagish did excellent work on Lakes Bennett and Tagisli. PAY. It has been a great disappointment to all ranks in the Yukon to find that the expected increase of pay has not materialized. I have lately sent you a statement showing you a comparative value of pay and allowances received by officers of the Force as compared with remuneration given oflicials of other departments. From this you will see how much better off the other civil servants are, as compared with the commission'ed ranks in the Yukon. As regards the non-commissioned otficers and men the same thing applies. They can leave the Force any day and receive a good rate of pay, instead of the pittance which they now get. Astonishment has often been expressed that members of the Force remain in the ser- vice when their remuneration is so small, and so much better inducements are offered outside. To give you an instance, our tinsmith is a first-class mechanic and has saved the government great expense by manufacturing stove pipes, tinware, &c., &c. Under the Police Act he can only draw $1.55 a day. He has been offered that sum per hour by merchants in town if he will obtain his discharge. The same applies to any other police mechanic sent in here. If he knows his business at all he is immediately offered good wages, and consequently applies for his discharge at once. Our poor circumstances are so generally known that it has become usual to send members of the Force complimentary tickets for entertainments and reduce the fees in clubs and societies for them. TRANSPORT. The divisions in the Yukon are now fairly well supplied with transport and when the buckboards are received, will have sufficient for the coming season. GENERAL. Mr. Justice Britton and Mr. Bell, the two Koyal Commissioners to inquire into concessions in the Klondike, arrived in Dawson on August 13, with their clerks and 28—10 16 NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE 3-4 EDWARD VII., A. 1904 records. Police teams were furnished to take them from creek to creek as occasion required. In December last five members were elected to the Yukon Council, an addition of three to the former number. Those returned were Messrs. Clark and Thompson, for the Dawson district; Messrs. Pringle and Landreville, for the Creeks district, and Mr. Lowe, for White Horse. The Police acted as deputy returning officers and poll clerks at various points. Dawson's second municipal election was also held in December last, when Mr. McLennan was returned as Mayor over Mr. D. W. Davis, by a majority of five. There were fifteen candidates for aldermen to fill the six vacancies. Mr. P. T. Congdon was appointed Commissioner in March last and arrived here on April 8 to take over duties. DISTRIBUTION. a i 3 ,^ V 2 tc a c -4^ ^^ ,22 0) o q ^ a a T3 a>